Regulation (EC) No 1445/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2007 establishing common rules for the provision of basic information on Purchasing Power Parities and for their calculation and dissemination (Text with EEA relevance )

Article 1

Objective

The objective of this Regulation is to establish common rules for the provision of basic information on PPPs, and for their calculation and dissemination.

Article 2

Scope

That basic information shall include prices, GDP expenditure weights and other data listed in Annex I.

Data shall be collected with the minimum frequency provided for in Annex I. More frequent collection of data shall take place only in exceptional and justified circumstances.

Article 3

Definitions

For the purpose of this Regulation the following definitions shall apply:

• (a) ‘Purchasing Power Parities’ (‘PPPs’) shall mean spatial deflators and currency converters that eliminate the effects of the differences in price levels between Member States thus allowing volume comparisons of GDP components and comparisons of price levels.

• (b) ‘Purchasing Power Standard’ (‘PPS’) shall mean the artificial common reference currency unit used in the European Union to express the volume of economic aggregates for the purpose of spatial comparisons in such a way that price level differences between Member States are eliminated.

• (c) ‘Prices’ shall mean the purchaser prices paid by the final consumers.

• (d) ‘Expenditure weights’ shall mean the shares of expenditure components in current-price GDP.

• (e) ‘Basic heading’ shall mean the lowest level of aggregation of items in the GDP breakdown for which parities are calculated.

• (f) ‘Items’ shall mean goods or services precisely defined for use in price observation.

• (g) ‘Actual and imputed rentals’ shall have the meaning attributed to it in Commission Regulation (EC) No 1722/2005 ([^E0001]).

• (h) ‘Compensation of employees’ shall have the meaning attributed to it in Regulation (EC) No 2223/96.

• (i) ‘Temporal adjustment factors’ shall mean factors used to adjust average prices obtained at the time of survey to annual average prices.

• (j) ‘Spatial adjustment factors’ shall mean factors used to adjust average prices obtained from one or more locations within the economic territory of a Member State to national average prices.

• (k) ‘Representative items’ shall mean those which are, or are considered to be, in terms of relative total expenditure within a basic heading, among the most important items purchased in national markets.

• (l) ‘Representativity indicators’ shall mean markers or other indicators identifying those items that Member States have selected as representative.

• (m) ‘Equi-representativity’ shall mean a property required of the composition of the item list for a basic heading, each Member State being able to price that number of representative products which is commensurate with the heterogeneity of the products and price levels covered by the basic heading and its expenditure on the basic heading.

• (n) ‘Transitive’ shall mean the property whereby a direct comparison between any two Member States yields the same result as an indirect comparison via any other Member State.

• (o) ‘Mistake’ shall mean a use of incorrect basic information or an inappropriate application of the calculation procedure.

• (p) ‘Reference year’ shall mean a calendar year to which specific annual results refer.

• (q) ‘Fixity’ shall mean that when results are calculated originally for a group of Member States and then later the results are calculated for a wider group of Member States, the PPPs between the original group of Member States shall nevertheless be preserved.

Article 4

Roles and responsibilities

• (a) coordinating the provision of the basic information;

• (b) calculating and publishing PPPs;

• (c) ensuring the quality of PPPs, in accordance with Article 7;

• (d) developing and communicating methodology, in consultation with the Member States;

• (e) ensuring that the Member States have the opportunity to comment on PPP results prior to publication and that due account be taken of any such comment; and

• (f) drafting and disseminating the methodological manual referred to in point 1.1 of Annex I.

Member States shall provide written approval of the survey results for which they are responsible, once the process of data validation has been completed, as specified in point 5.2 of Annex I, within a period of no longer than one month.

Member States shall approve the data collection methodology and check the plausibility of data, including items of basic information provided by the Commission (Eurostat).

Article 5

Transmission of basic information

Article 6

Statistical units

Article 7

Quality criteria and control

Member States shall also provide the Commission (Eurostat) with the details and the reasons for any subsequent changes in the methods used or any deviation from the methodological manual specified in Annex I.

Article 8

Periodicity

The Commission (Eurostat) shall calculate PPPs with reference to each calendar year.

Article 9

Dissemination

Publication shall be based on data available to the Commission (Eurostat) no later than three months before the publication date.

Nothing in this paragraph shall affect the right of the Commission (Eurostat) to publish preliminary results earlier than 36 months after the end of the reference year and the Commission (Eurostat) shall make these publicly available, including on its website.

• (a) PPPs at the level of GDP;

• (b) PPPs for private household consumption expenditure and actual individual consumption;

• (c) price level indices relative to the Community average; and

• (d) GDP, private household consumption expenditure and actual individual consumption and respective per capita figures in PPS.

However, in the event of mistakes falling within the scope of Section 10 of Annex I, corrected results shall be published in accordance with the procedure laid down therein.

Exceptional general revisions shall be carried out if, owing to changes to the concepts underlying ESA 95 that affect PPP results, the volume index of GDP for any Member State changes by more than one percentage point.

Article 10

Correction coefficients

Member States shall not be required to undertake surveys solely for the purpose of establishing the correction coefficients to be applied to the remuneration and pensions of Community officials and other servants in accordance with the Staff Regulations.

Article 11

Committee procedure

The period laid down in Article 5(6) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at three months.

Article 12

Implementing measures

• (a) the definition of a set of minimum standards in order to achieve the essential comparability and representativity of the data as specified under points 5.1 and 5.2 of Annex I;

• (b) the definition of precise requirements as to the methodology to be used as specified in Annex I; and

• (c) the establishment and adjustment of detailed descriptions of the content of basic headings, provided that these remain compatible with ESA 95 or any succeeding system.

• (a) the adaptation of the definitions;

• (b) the adjustment of the list of basic headings (as specified in Annex II); and

• (c) the definition of quality criteria and the structure of the quality reports, pursuant to Article 7(4).

Article 13

Financing

Article 14

Review and report

The provisions of this Regulation shall be reviewed five years after its entry into force. It shall be revised, if appropriate, on the basis of a Commission report and proposal, submitted to the European Parliament and the Council.

Article 15

Entry into force

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

ANNEX I

METHODOLOGY

1. METHODOLOGICAL MANUAL AND WORK PROGRAMME

• 1.1. A methodological manual will be provided by the Commission (Eurostat), following consultation with the Member States, describing the methods used at the various stages of compiling PPPs, including the methods for estimating missing basic information and for estimating missing parities. The methodological manual will be revised whenever a significant change to the methodology is made. It may introduce new methods to improve data quality, reduce costs or lessen the burden on data suppliers.

• 1.2. The Commission (Eurostat) will establish, by 30 November each year and in consultation with the Member States, an annual Work Programme for the following calendar year setting out the timetable for the specification and the provision of the basic information required for that year.

• 1.3. The annual Work Programme will determine the format for provision of data to be used by the Member States, and any other actions necessary in order to accomplish the calculation and publication of PPPs.

• 1.4. The basic information supplied according to point 1.2 may be revised, but the results for the reference year will be calculated from information available according to the timetable specified in Article 9. Where information is not complete or not available at that date, the Commission (Eurostat) will estimate the missing basic information.

• 1.5. Should a Member State fail to submit complete basic information, it will specify why the information is incomplete, when it will submit complete information or, if appropriate, why complete information cannot be provided.

2. BASIC INFORMATION

2.1.   Basic information items

For the purpose of this Regulation, basic information pursuant to Articles 2 and 4 and the minimum frequency of new data supply will comprise and be provided as follows:

Basic information	Minimum frequency
GDP expenditure weights [^E0003]	Annual
Actual and imputed rentals [^E0004]	Annual
Compensation of employees	Annual
Temporal adjustment factors	Annual
Prices of consumer goods and services and related representativity indicators	3 years [^E0005]
Prices of equipment goods	3 years
Prices of construction projects	3 years
Spatial adjustment factors	6 years

These weights shall be consistent with the lowest level of available aggregates from national accounts. If the required detail is not available, the Member State may provide best estimates for the missing positions.

The dwellings stock quantity approach, as described in the methodological manual, may be used instead of the price approach in cases where actual rentals are missing or are statistically unreliable in line with Regulation (EC) No 1722/2005.

The minimum frequency refers to the provision of data for a particular product group, related to the rolling cycle of surveys.

2.2.   Procedure for obtaining basic information

The Commission (Eurostat), after taking account of the views of the Member States, will determine the sources and data suppliers to be used for each of the above items of basic information. If the Commission (Eurostat) obtains basic information from a data supplier other than a Member State, the latter will be relieved of the obligations set out in points 5.1.4 to 5.1.13.

3. NATIONAL AVERAGE PRICES

• 3.1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2(2), data collection may be limited to one or more locations within the economic territory. Such data may be used for PPP calculations provided that they are accompanied by appropriate spatial adjustment factors. Such spatial adjustment factors will be used to adjust survey data in the relevant locations to those representative of the national average.

• 3.2. Spatial adjustment factors will be supplied at basic heading level. They will be no more than six years old at the reference period of the survey.

4. ANNUAL AVERAGE PRICES

Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2(2), data collection may be limited to a specific period of time. Such data may be used for PPP calculations provided that they are accompanied by appropriate temporal adjustment factors. Such temporal adjustment factors will be used to adjust survey data in this period to those representative of the annual average.

5. QUALITY

5.1.   Minimum standards for basic information

• 5.1.1. The list of items to be priced will be designed to comprise items whose specifications ensure comparability between countries.

• 5.1.2. The list of items to be priced will be designed so that each Member State can indicate at least one representative item which can be priced in at least one other Member State for each basic heading.

• 5.1.3. The item list will be designed in order to achieve the highest practicable level of equi-representativity so that, as a minimum, each country has to price one representative item for each basic heading and this representative item has to be priced by at least one other country.

• 5.1.4. Each Member State will price items according to the specifications in the item list.

• 5.1.5. Each Member State will price a sufficient number of items within each basic heading that are available in its market, even though they may not be considered as representative of that basic heading.

• 5.1.6. Each Member State will supply prices of at least one representative item within each basic heading. The representative items will be indicated by a representativity indicator.

• 5.1.7. Each Member State will collect a sufficient number of price quotations for each item priced to ensure a reliable average price per item taking account of its market structure.

• 5.1.8. The selection of outlet types will be designed to adequately reflect the domestic pattern of consumption within the Member State according to the item.

• 5.1.9. The outlet selection in a location will be designed to adequately reflect the pattern of consumption of the residents of the location and the availability of items.

• 5.1.10. Each Member State will supply the Commission (Eurostat) with data on compensation of employees for selected occupations with reference to the sector General Government (S 13) as defined in ESA 95.

• 5.1.11. Each Member State will supply the Commission (Eurostat) with temporal adjustment factors which allow calculation of PPPs from prices collected at a specific time which adequately reflect the annual average price level.

• 5.1.12. Each Member State will supply the Commission (Eurostat) with spatial adjustment factors which allow calculation of PPPs with prices collected in specific locations which adequately reflect the national average price level.

• 5.1.13. Each Member State will supply the Commission (Eurostat) with weights relating to each basic heading as specified in Annex II which reflect the expenditure pattern in the Member State for the reference year.

5.2.   Minimum standards for the validation of price survey results

• 5.2.1. Each Member State will, before transmitting the data to the Commission (Eurostat), carry out a review of data validity based on:

• — maximum and minimum prices,

• — the average price and coefficient of variation,

• — the number of priced items per basic heading,

• — the number of priced representative items per basic heading, and

• — the number of prices observed per item.

• 5.2.2. An electronic tool containing the algorithms required for the purposes of point 5.2.1 will be supplied by the Commission (Eurostat) to the Member States.

• 5.2.3. The Commission (Eurostat) will, before finalising the survey results, carry out validity checks, in conjunction with the Member States, based on indicators including:

For each basic heading:

• — the number of items priced by each country,

• — the number of items attributed a representativity indicator by each country,

• — the price level index,

• — the results of the previous survey covering the same basic heading, and

• — price level indices in PPP terms for each country.

For each item:

• — the number of prices observed by each country, and

• — the variation coefficients of: (i) average prices in national currencies, (ii) price level indices in PPP terms, and (iii) price level indices in PPP terms for each country.

• 5.2.4. The Commission (Eurostat) will, before finalising the PPP results at aggregate level, carry out validity checks based on indicators including:

At the level of total GDP and its main aggregates:

• — the consistency of GDP expenditure weights and population estimates with published data,

• — a comparison of per capita volume indices for current and previous calculations, and

• — a comparison of price level indices for current and previous calculations.

At the level of each basic heading:

• — a comparison of the GDP weighting structure for current and previous calculations, and

• — estimates of missing data, where relevant.

5.3.   Reporting and assessment

• 5.3.1. Each Member State will maintain documentation which gives a full description of the manner in which this Regulation has been implemented. This documentation will be available to the Commission (Eurostat) and the other Member States.

• 5.3.2. Each Member State will have its PPP process assessed at least once every six years by the Commission (Eurostat). The assessments, planned annually and included in the annual Work Programme, will review compliance with this Regulation. A report, based on the assessments, will be made by the Commission (Eurostat) and be made publicly available, including on its website.

• 5.3.3. In accordance with Article 7(3), shortly after each consumer price survey, a report by the Member State responsible will be given to the Commission (Eurostat) providing information on the way in which the survey was conducted. The Commission (Eurostat) will provide each Member State with a summary of these reports.

6. CONSUMER PRICE SURVEY PROCEDURE

• 6.1. Member States will carry out the price surveys according to the Work Programme.

• 6.2. For each survey, the Commission (Eurostat) will prepare the survey item list, based on proposals which will be made by each Member State for each basic heading.

• 6.3. The Commission (Eurostat) will provide, together with the item list, in all official languages of the European Union, a translation of all specifications in each survey list.

7. CALCULATION PROCEDURE

7.1.   Calculation of bilateral parities at basic heading level

• (a) The calculation of multilateral Èltetò-Köves-Szulc (hereinafter referred to as ‘EKS’) parities at basic heading level will be based on a matrix of bilateral parities for each pair of participant countries.

• (b) The calculation of bilateral parities will be carried out by reference to the prices observed for, and the representativity indicators attributed to, the underlying items.

• (c) The average survey price for each item will be established as the simple arithmetic mean of the price observations recorded for that item.

• (d) The national annual average price will be estimated, where necessary, on the basis of the average survey price by using appropriate spatial and temporal adjustment factors.

• (e) The ratios of the adjusted average prices will then be calculated, where possible, for items and pairs of participant countries, together with their inverse.

• (f) PPPs will then be calculated, where possible, for all pairs of participant countries for the basic heading. For each pair of participant countries, PPPs will be calculated as the weighted geometric mean of:
• — the geometric mean of the price ratios of items which are indicated as representative of both countries,
• — the geometric mean of the price ratios of items which are indicated as representative of the first country but not of the second country,
• — the geometric mean of the price ratios of items which are indicated as representative of the second country but not of the first country, using weights reflecting the relative representativity of all items priced by both countries.

7.2.   Estimation of missing bilateral parities

If for any basic heading the bilateral PPPs cannot be calculated, the missing bilateral PPPs will be estimated, where possible, by using the standard procedure of geometric averaging of indirect parities via third countries. Should the matrix of bilateral PPPs for a basic heading still contain any missing values after this estimation procedure, the calculation of multilateral EKS parities will then not be possible for the countries for which bilateral PPPs are missing. Such missing EKS parities will then be estimated by the Commission (Eurostat), using reference PPPs from similar basic headings or any other appropriate estimation method.

7.3.   The calculation of bilateral parities at aggregate level

• (a) The calculation of bilateral parities at a particular level of national accounts aggregation will be carried out using the EKS parities (see point 7.4), and the GDP expenditure weights, for the underlying basic headings.

• (b) A Laspeyres-type parity will then be calculated for the selected level of aggregation as the arithmetic mean of the parities for the underlying basic headings, weighted by the relative percentages (or nominal values) for the second country of each pair of participant countries.

• (c) A Paasche-type parity will then be calculated for the selected level of aggregation as the harmonic mean of the parities for the underlying basic headings, weighted by the relative percentages (or nominal values) for the first country of each pair of participant countries.

• (d) A Fisher-type parity will then be calculated for the selected level of aggregation as the geometric mean of the Laspeyres-type and Paasche-type parities established for each pair of participant countries.

7.4.   Calculation of transitive multilateral PPPS

The calculation of transitive multilateral parities will be carried out either at basic heading level or any aggregated level by using the EKS procedure based on a complete matrix of Fisher-type parities between each pair of participant countries as follows:

Image omitted; see official source

where tEKSs denotes the EKS parity between country s and country t;

tFs denotes the Fisher-type parity between country s and country t;

z denotes the number of participant countries.

8. TRANSMISSION

• 8.1. The Commission (Eurostat) will supply to the Member States the templates for electronic transmission of the basic information necessary to calculate PPPs.

• 8.2. Member States will provide basic information to the Commission (Eurostat) in accordance with the templates.

9. PUBLICATION

In addition to the provisions contained in Article 9(2), the Commission (Eurostat) may publish results at a more detailed level after consultation with the Member States.

10. CORRECTIONS

• 10.1. When a mistake is discovered by a Member State, it will immediately and on its own initiative provide the Commission (Eurostat) with correct basic information. In addition, a Member State will inform the Commission (Eurostat) of any suspected inappropriate application of the calculation procedure.

• 10.2. After becoming aware of a mistake, made either by a Member State or the Commission (Eurostat), the Commission (Eurostat) will inform the Member States and recalculate the PPPs within one month.

• 10.3. If the mistakes discovered result in a change of at least 0,5 percentage points at the level of per capita GDP in PPS of any Member State, the Commission (Eurostat) will publish a correction as soon as possible, unless such mistakes are discovered later than three months after the results have been published.

• 10.4. Where a mistake has occurred, the responsible body will take steps to prevent similar future occurrences.

• 10.5. Revisions carried out after 33 months following the end of the reference year to GDP expenditure weights or to population estimates will not require a correction to be made to PPP results.

ANNEX II

Basic headings as defined in Article 3, point (e)

BH number	DESCRIPTION	COICOP 2018 [^E0006]	COPNI [^E0007]	COFOG [^E0007]	CPA version 2.1 [^E0008]
	INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE BY HOUSEHOLDS
	Food and non-alcoholic beverages
	Food
	Cereals and cereal products
1	Cereals	01.1.1.1
2	Flour of cereals	01.1.1.2
3	Bread and bakery products	01.1.1.3
4	Breakfast cereals	01.1.1.4
5	Macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar pasta products	01.1.1.5
6	Other milled cereal and grain products	01.1.1.9
	Live animals, and meat and other parts of slaughtered land animals
7	Live land animals	01.1.2.1
8	Meat, fresh, chilled or frozen	01.1.2.2
9	Meat, dried, salted, in brine or smoked	01.1.2.3
10	Offal, blood and other parts of slaughtered animals, fresh, chilled or frozen, dried, salted, in brine or smoked	01.1.2.4
11	Preparations of meat, offal, blood and other parts of slaughtered animals	01.1.2.5
	Fish and other seafood
12	Fish, live, fresh, chilled or frozen	01.1.3.1
13	Fish, dried, salted, in brine or smoked	01.1.3.2
14	Fish preparations	01.1.3.3
15	Other seafood, live, fresh, chilled or frozen	01.1.3.4
16	Other seafood, dried, salted, in brine or smoked	01.1.3.5
17	Other seafood preparations	01.1.3.6
18	Livers, roes and other offal of fish and of other seafood in all forms	01.1.3.7
	Milk, other dairy products and eggs
19	Raw and whole milk	01.1.4.1
20	Skimmed milk	01.1.4.2
21	Other milk and cream	01.1.4.3
22	Non-animal milk	01.1.4.4
23	Cheese	01.1.4.5
24	Yoghurt and similar products	01.1.4.6
25	Milk-based dessert and beverages	01.1.4.7
26	Eggs	01.1.4.8
27	Other dairy products	01.1.4.9
	Oils and fats
28	Vegetable oils	01.1.5.1
29	Butter and other oils and fats derived from milk	01.1.5.2
30	Margarine and similar preparations	01.1.5.3
31	Other animal oils and fats	01.1.5.9
	Fruits and nuts
32	Dates, figs and tropical fruits, fresh	01.1.6.1
33	Citrus fruits, fresh	01.1.6.2
34	Stone fruits and pome fruits, fresh	01.1.6.3
35	Berries, fresh	01.1.6.4
36	Other fruits, fresh	01.1.6.5
37	Fruits, frozen	01.1.6.6
38	Fruits, dried and dehydrated	01.1.6.7
39	Nuts, in shell or shelled	01.1.6.8
40	Fruits and nuts, ground, and in other preparations	01.1.6.9
	Vegetables, tubers, plantains, cooking bananas and pulses
41	Leafy or stem vegetables, fresh or chilled	01.1.7.1
42	Fruit-bearing vegetables, fresh or chilled	01.1.7.2
43	Green leguminous vegetables, fresh or chilled	01.1.7.3
44	Other vegetables, fresh or chilled	01.1.7.4
45	Tubers, plantains and cooking bananas, fresh or chilled	01.1.7.5
46	Pulses	01.1.7.6
47	Other vegetables, tubers, plantains and cooking bananas, dried and dehydrated	01.1.7.7
48	Vegetables, tubers, plantains and cooking bananas, frozen	01.1.7.8
49	Vegetables, tubers, plantains, cooking bananas and pulses, ground, and in other preparations	01.1.7.9
	Sugar, confectionery and desserts
50	Cane sugar and beet sugar	01.1.8.1
51	Other sugars and sugar substitutes	01.1.8.2
52	Jams, marmalades, fruit jellies, purées and pastes, and honey	01.1.8.3
53	Nut purées, nut butters and nut pastes	01.1.8.4
54	Chocolate, cocoa and cocoa-based food products	01.1.8.5
55	Ice, ice cream and sorbets	01.1.8.6
56	Other sugar confectionery and desserts not elsewhere classified (n.e.c.)	01.1.8.9
	Ready-made food and other food products
57	Ready-made food	01.1.9.1
58	Baby food	01.1.9.2
59	Salt, condiments and sauces	01.1.9.3
60	Spices, culinary herbs and seeds	01.1.9.4
61	Other food products n.e.c.	01.1.9.9
	Non-alcoholic beverages
	Fruit and vegetable juices
62	Fruit and vegetable juices	01.2.1.0
	Coffee and coffee substitutes
63	Coffee and coffee substitutes	01.2.2.0
	Tea, maté and other plant-derived products for infusion
64	Tea, maté and other plant-derived products for infusion	01.2.3.0
	Cocoa drinks
65	Cocoa drinks	01.2.4.0
	Water
66	Water	01.2.5.0
	Soft drinks
67	Soft drinks	01.2.6.0
	Other non-alcoholic beverages
68	Other non-alcoholic beverages	01.2.9.0
	Services for processing primary goods for food and non-alcoholic beverages
	Services for processing primary goods for food and non-alcoholic beverages
69	Services for processing primary goods for food and non-alcoholic beverages	01.3.0.0
	Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics
	Alcoholic beverages
	Spirits and liquors
70	Spirits and liquors	02.1.1.0
71	Wine	02.1.2
	Beer
72	Beer	02.1.3.0
	Other alcoholic beverages
73	Other alcoholic beverages	02.1.9.0
	Alcohol production services
	Alcohol production services
74	Alcohol production services	02.2.0.0
	Tobacco
75	Tobacco	02.3.0
	Narcotics
	Narcotics
76	Narcotics	02.4.0.0
	Clothing and footwear
	Clothing
	Clothing materials
77	Clothing materials	03.1.1.0
	Garments
78	Garments for men or boys	03.1.2.1
79	Garments for women or girls	03.1.2.2
80	Garments for infants (under 2 years of age)	03.1.2.3
81	School uniforms	03.1.2.4
82	Other articles of clothing and clothing accessories	03.1.3
83	Cleaning, repair, tailoring and hire of clothing	03.1.4
	Footwear
	Shoes and other footwear
84	Footwear for men	03.2.1.1
85	Footwear for women	03.2.1.2
86	Footwear for infants and children	03.2.1.3
	Cleaning, repair and hire of footwear
87	Cleaning, repair and hire of footwear	03.2.2.0
	Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels
88	Actual rental payments made for housing	04.1
89	Imputed rental payments for housing	04.2
	Maintenance, repair and security of the dwelling
	Security equipment and materials for dwelling maintenance and repair
90	Materials for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling	04.3.1.1
91	Security equipment	04.3.1.2
	Services for the maintenance, repair and security of the dwelling
92	Services for the maintenance, repair and security of the dwelling	04.3.2.0
	Water supply and miscellaneous services relating to the dwelling
93	Water supply	04.4.1
	Refuse collection
94	Refuse collection	04.4.2.0
95	Sewage collection	04.4.3
96	Other services related to the dwelling	04.4.4
	Electricity, gas and other fuels
	Electricity
97	Electricity	04.5.1.0
	Gas
98	Natural gas through networks	04.5.2.1
99	Liquefied hydrocarbons	04.5.2.2
	Liquid fuels
100	Liquid fuels	04.5.3.0
101	Solid fuels	04.5.4
	Other energy for heating and cooling
102	Other energy for heating and cooling	04.5.5.0
	Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance
	Furniture, furnishings, and loose carpets
	Furniture, furnishings and loose carpets
103	Household furniture	05.1.1.1
104	Garden and camping furniture	05.1.1.2
105	Lighting equipment	05.1.1.3
106	Furnishings, loose carpets and rugs	05.1.1.4
	Repair, installation and hire of furniture, furnishings and loose carpets
107	Repair, installation and hire of furniture, furnishings and loose carpets	05.1.2.0
	Household textiles
	Household textiles
108	Furnishing fabrics and curtains	05.2.1.1
109	Bed linen and bedding	05.2.1.2
110	Table linen and bathroom linen	05.2.1.3
111	Other household textiles	05.2.1.9
	Repair, hire and sewing services of household textiles
112	Repair, hire and sewing services of household textiles	05.2.2.0
	Household appliances
	Major electric and other household appliances
113	Major kitchen appliances	05.3.1.1
114	Major laundry appliances	05.3.1.2
115	Heaters and air conditioners	05.3.1.3
116	Cleaning equipment	05.3.1.4
117	Other major household appliances	05.3.1.9
	Small household appliances
118	Small appliances for the cooking and processing of food	05.3.2.1
119	Small appliances for the preparation of beverages	05.3.2.2
120	Other small household appliances	05.3.2.9
	Repair, installation and hire of household appliances
121	Repair, installation and hire of household appliances	05.3.3.0
	Glassware, tableware and household utensils
	Glassware, tableware and household utensils
122	Glassware, crystal ware, ceramic ware and china ware	05.4.0.1
123	Cutlery, flatware and silverware	05.4.0.2
124	Kitchen utensils and articles	05.4.0.3
125	Repair and hire of glassware, tableware and household utensils	05.4.0.4
	Tools and equipment for house and garden
	Motorized tools and equipment
126	Motorized tools and equipment	05.5.1.0
	Non-motorized tools and miscellaneous accessories
127	Non-motorized tools	05.5.2.1
128	Miscellaneous accessories	05.5.2.2
	Repair and hire of motorized and non-motorized tools and equipment
129	Repair and hire of motorized and non-motorized tools and equipment	05.5.3.0
	Goods and services for routine household maintenance
	Non-durable household goods
130	Household cleaning and maintenance products	05.6.1.1
131	Other non-durable household goods	05.6.1.9
	Domestic services and household services
132	Domestic services provided by paid staff	05.6.2.1
133	Other household services	05.6.2.9
	Health
	Medicines and health products
134	Medicines	06.1.1
135	Medical products	06.1.2
136	Assistive products	06.1.3
	Repair, rental and maintenance of medical and assistive products
137	Repair, rental and maintenance of medical and assistive products	06.1.4.0
	Outpatient care services
138	Preventive care services	06.2.1
139	Outpatient dental services	06.2.2
140	Other outpatient care services	06.2.3
	Inpatient care services
	Inpatient curative and rehabilitative services
141	Inpatient curative and rehabilitative services	06.3.1.0
	Inpatient long-term care services
142	Inpatient long-term care services	06.3.2.0
	Other health services
	Diagnostic imaging services and medical laboratory services
143	Diagnostic imaging services and medical laboratory services	06.4.1.0
	Patient emergency transportation and emergency rescue services
144	Patient emergency transportation and emergency rescue services	06.4.2.0
	Transport
	Purchase of vehicles
	Motor cars
145	New motor cars	07.1.1.1
146	Second-hand motor cars	07.1.1.2
	Motorcycles
147	Motorcycles	07.1.2.0
	Bicycles
148	Bicycles	07.1.3.0
	Animal-drawn vehicles
149	Animal-drawn vehicles	07.1.4.0
	Operation of personal transport equipment
	Parts and accessories for personal transport equipment
150	Tyres	07.2.1.1
151	Parts for personal transport equipment	07.2.1.2
152	Accessories for personal transport equipment	07.2.1.3
	Fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment
153	Diesel	07.2.2.1
154	Petrol	07.2.2.2
155	Other fuels for personal transport equipment	07.2.2.3
156	Lubricants	07.2.2.4
	Maintenance and repair of personal transport equipment
157	Maintenance and repair of personal transport equipment	07.2.3.0
158	Other services related to personal transport equipment	07.2.4
	Passenger transport services
	Passenger transport by railway
159	Passenger transport by train	07.3.1.1
160	Passenger transport by rapid transit and tram	07.3.1.2
	Passenger transport by road
161	Passenger transport by bus and coach	07.3.2.1
162	Passenger transport by taxi and hired vehicle with driver	07.3.2.2
163	Passenger transport for students to and from school	07.3.2.3
164	Other passenger transport by road	07.3.2.9
165	Passenger transport by air	07.3.3
	Passenger transport by sea and inland waterway
166	Passenger transport by sea and inland waterway	07.3.4.0
	Combined passenger transport
167	Combined passenger transport	07.3.5.0
	Other passenger transport services
168	Other passenger transport services	07.3.6.0
	Transport services for goods
	Postal and courier services
169	Letter handling services	07.4.1.1
170	Courier and parcel delivery services	07.4.1.2
171	Other transport of goods	07.4.9
	Information and communication
	Information and communication equipment
	Fixed telephone equipment
172	Fixed telephone equipment	08.1.1.0
	Mobile telephone equipment
173	Mobile telephone equipment	08.1.2.0
	Information processing equipment
174	Computers, laptops and tablets	08.1.3.1
175	Peripheral equipment and its consumable components	08.1.3.2
	Equipment for the reception, recording and reproduction of sound and vision
176	Equipment for the reception, recording and reproduction of sound and vision	08.1.4.0
	Unrecorded recording media
177	Unrecorded recording media	08.1.5.0
178	Other information and communication equipment and accessories	08.1.9
	Software, excluding games
	Software, excluding games
179	Software, excluding games	08.2.0.0
	Information and communication services
	Fixed communication services
180	Fixed communication services	08.3.1.0
	Mobile communication services
181	Mobile communication services	08.3.2.0
	Internet access provision services and online storage services
182	Internet access provision services and online storage services	08.3.3.0
	Bundled telecommunication services
183	Bundled telecommunication services	08.3.4.0
	Repair and rental of information and communication equipment
184	Repair and rental of information and communication equipment	08.3.5.0
185	Other information and communication services	08.3.9
	Recreation, sport and culture
	Recreational durables
186	Photographic and cinematographic equipment and optical instruments	09.1.1
187	Major recreational durables	09.1.2
	Other recreational goods
188	Games, toys and hobby-related articles	09.2.1
189	Sporting, camping and open-air recreation equipment	09.2.2
	Garden products and pets
190	Garden products, plants and flowers	09.3.1
191	Pets and pet products	09.3.2
	Recreational services
	Hire and repair of photographic and cinematographic equipment and optical instruments
192	Hire and repair of photographic and cinematographic equipment and optical instruments	09.4.1.0
193	Hire, maintenance and repair of major recreational durables	09.4.2
194	Hire and repair of games, toys and hobby-related articles	09.4.3
	Hire and repair of sporting, camping and open-air recreational equipment
195	Hire and repair of sporting, camping and open-air recreational equipment	09.4.4.0
	Veterinary and other services for pets
196	Veterinary and other services for pets	09.4.5.0
197	Recreational and sporting services	09.4.6
	Games of chance
198	Games of chance	09.4.7.0
	Cultural goods
	Musical instruments
199	Musical instruments	09.5.1.0
	Audiovisual media
200	Audiovisual media	09.5.2.0
	Cultural services
	Services provided by cinemas, theatres and concert venues
201	Services provided by cinemas, theatres and concert venues	09.6.1.0
	Services provided by museums, libraries and cultural sites
202	Services provided by museums, libraries and cultural sites	09.6.2.0
	Photographic services
203	Photographic services	09.6.3.0
	Other cultural services
204	Other cultural services	09.6.9.0
	Newspapers, books and stationery
205	Books	09.7.1
206	Newspapers	09.7.2.1
207	Magazines and periodicals	09.7.2.2
	Miscellaneous printed matter
208	Miscellaneous printed matter	09.7.3.0
	Stationery and drawing materials
209	Stationery and drawing materials	09.7.4.0
	Package holidays
	Package holidays
210	Package holidays	09.8.0.0
211	EDUCATION SERVICES	10
	Restaurants and accommodation services
	Food and beverage serving services
212	Restaurants, cafés and the like	11.1.1
213	Canteens, cafeterias and refectories	11.1.2
	Accommodation services
	Accommodation services
214	Hotels, motels, inns and similar accommodation services	11.2.0.1
215	Holiday centres, camping sites, youth hostels and similar accommodation services	11.2.0.2
216	Accommodation services of boarding schools, universities and other educational establishments	11.2.0.3
217	Other accommodation services	11.2.0.9
	Insurance and financial services
	Insurance
	Life and accident insurance
218	Life and accident insurance	12.1.1.0
	Insurance connected with health
219	Insurance connected with health	12.1.2.0
	Insurance connected with dwellings
220	Insurance connected with dwellings	12.1.3.0
	Insurance connected with transport
221	Personal transport insurance	12.1.4.1
222	Travel insurance	12.1.4.2
	Other insurance
223	Other insurance	12.1.9.0
	Financial services
	Financial intermediation services indirectly measured
224	Financial intermediation services indirectly measured	12.2.1.0
	Explicit charges by deposit-taking corporations
225	Explicit charges by deposit-taking corporations	12.2.2.0
226	Other financial services	12.2.9
	Personal care, social protection and miscellaneous goods and services
	Personal care
227	Electric appliances for personal care	13.1.1
	Other appliances, articles and products for personal care
228	Other appliances, articles and products for personal care	13.1.2.0
	Hairdressing salons and personal grooming establishments
229	Hairdressing	13.1.3.1
230	Personal grooming treatments	13.1.3.2
	Other personal effects
231	Jewellery and watches	13.2.1
	Devotional articles and articles for religious and ritual celebrations
232	Devotional articles and articles for religious and ritual celebrations	13.2.2.0
233	Other personal effects n.e.c.	13.2.9
	Social protection
234	Social protection	13.3.0
	Other services
235	Other services	13.9.0
	Net purchases abroad
	Net purchases abroad
	Net purchases abroad
236	Net purchases abroad
	INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE BY NON-PROFIT INSTITUTIONS SERVING HOUSEHOLDS (NPISH)
	Housing – NPISH
	Housing – NPISH
	Housing – NPISH
237	Housing – NPISH		1
	Health – NPISH
	Health – NPISH
	Health – NPISH
238	Health – NPISH		2
	Recreation and culture – NPISH
	Recreation and culture – NPISH
	Recreation and culture – NPISH
239	Recreation and culture – NPISH		3
	Education – NPISH
	Education – NPISH
	Education – NPISH
240	Education – NPISH		4
	Social protection – NPISH
	Social protection – NPISH
	Social protection – NPISH
241	Social protection – NPISH		5
	Other services – NPISH
	Other services – NPISH
	Other services – NPISH
242	Other services – NPISH		06 to 09
	INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE BY GENERAL GOVERNMENT (GG)
	Housing – GG
	Housing – GG
	Housing – GG
243	Housing – GG			10.6.0
	Health – GG
	Health – GG
	Health – GG
244	Health – GG			7
	Recreation and culture – GG
	Recreation and culture – GG
	Recreation and culture – GG
245	Recreation and culture – GG			8
	Education – GG
	Education – GG
	Education – GG
246	Education – GG			9
	Social protection – GG
	Social protection – GG
	Social protection – GG
247	Social protection – GG			10 excluding 10.6
	COLLECTIVE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE BY GENERAL GOVERNMENT
	Collective consumption expenditure by general government
	Collective consumption expenditure by general government
	Collective consumption expenditure by government
248	Compensation of employees
249	Intermediate consumption
250	Gross operating surplus
251	Net taxes on production
252	Receipts from sales
	GROSS CAPITAL FORMATION
	Gross fixed capital formation
	Machinery and equipment
	Metal products and equipment
253	Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment (CPA 25, except 25.4)				25, except 25.4
254	Information and communication equipment (CPA 26.1, 26.2 and 26.3)				26.1 to 26.3
255	Other electronic and optical products (CPA 26.4 to 26.8)				26.4 to 26.8
256	Electrical equipment (CPA 27)				27
257	General purpose machinery (CPA 28.1 and 28.2)				28.1 and 28.2
258	Special purpose machinery (CPA 28.3 to 28.9)				28.3 to 28.9
	Transport equipment
259	Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers (CPA 29)				29
260	Other transport equipment (CPA 30)				30
	Construction
	Residential buildings
261	Residential buildings (CPA 41)				41
	Non-residential buildings
262	Non-residential buildings (CPA 41)				41
	Civil engineering works
263	Civil engineering works (CPA 42)				42
	Other products
	Other products
264	Furniture and other manufactured goods (CPA 31 and 32)				31 and 32
265	Computer software (CPA 58.2 and 62.01)				58.2 and 62.01
266	Other products n.e.c.				rest
	Changes in inventories
	Changes in inventories
	Changes in inventories
267	Changes in inventories
	Acquisitions less disposals of valuables
	Acquisitions less disposals of valuables
	Acquisitions less disposals of valuables
268	Acquisitions less disposals of valuables
	BALANCE OF EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
	Balance of exports and imports
	Balance of exports and imports
	Balance of exports and imports
269	Balance of exports and imports

Further breakdown of COICOP as defined in Chapter 23 of Annex A to Regulation (EU) No 549/2013.

As defined in Chapter 23 of Annex A to Regulation (EU) No 549/2013.

As defined in Commission Regulation (EU) No 1209/2014 of 29 October 2014 amending Regulation (EC) No 451/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a new statistical classification of products by activity (CPA) and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 3696/93 (OJ L 336, 22.11.2014, p. 1).

[^E0001]: Commission Regulation (EC) No 1722/2005 of 20 October 2005 on the principles for estimating dwelling services for the purpose of Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1287/2003 on the harmonisation of gross national income at market prices (OJ L 276, 21.10.2005, p. 5).

[^E0002]: Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 of 15 March 1993 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community (OJ L 76, 30.3.1993, p. 1). Regulation as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 284, 31.10.2003, p. 1).