LegalizeRegulation (EU) No 540/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the sound level of motor vehicles and of replacement silencing systems, and amending Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directive 70/157/EEC Text with EEA relevance
Article 1
Subject matter
This Regulation establishes the administrative and technical requirements for the EU type-approval of all new vehicles of the categories referred to in Article 2 with regard to their sound level, and of replacement silencing systems and components thereof type-approved as separate technical units designed and constructed for vehicles of categories M1 and N1 with a view to facilitating their registration, sale and entry into service within the Union.
Article 2
Scope
This Regulation shall apply to vehicles of categories M1, M2, M3, N1, N2 and N3, as defined in Annex II to Directive 2007/46/EC, and to replacement silencing systems and components thereof type-approved as separate technical units designed and constructed for vehicles of categories M1 and N1.
Article 3
Definitions
For the purposes of this Regulation, the definitions laid down in Article 3 of Directive 2007/46/EC apply.
In addition, the following definitions also apply:
(1) ‘type-approval of a vehicle’ means the procedure referred to in Article 3 of Directive 2007/46/EC with regard to sound levels;
(2) ‘vehicle type’ means a category of motor vehicles which do not differ in essential respects such as: (a) for vehicles of categories M1, M2 ≤ 3 500 kg, N1 tested in accordance with point 4.1.2.1 of Annex II: (i) the shape or materials of the bodywork (particularly the engine compartment and its soundproofing); (ii) the type of engine (e.g. positive or compression ignition, two- or four-stroke, reciprocating or rotary piston), number and capacity of cylinders, number and type of carburettors or injection system, arrangement of valves, or the type of electric motor; (iii) rated maximum net power and corresponding engine speed(s); however if the rated maximum power and the corresponding engine speed differs only due to different engine mappings, those vehicles may be regarded as of the same type; (iv) the silencing system; (b) for vehicles of categories M2 > 3 500 kg, M3, N2, N3 tested in accordance with point 4.1.2.2 of Annex II: (i) the shape or materials of the bodywork (particularly the engine compartment and its soundproofing); (ii) the type of engine (e.g. positive or compression ignition, two- or four-stroke, reciprocating or rotary piston), number and capacity of cylinders, type of injection system, arrangement of valves, rated engine speed (S), or the type of electric motor; (iii) vehicles having the same type of engine and/or different overall gear ratios may be regarded as vehicles of the same type. However, if the differences in point (b) provide for different target conditions, as described in point 4.1.2.2 of Annex II, those differences shall be regarded as a change of type;
(3) ‘technically permissible maximum laden mass’ (M) means the maximum mass allocated to a vehicle on the basis of its construction features and its design performance; the technically permissible laden mass of a trailer or of a semi-trailer includes the static mass transferred to the towing vehicle when coupled;
(4) ‘rated maximum net power’ (Pn) means the engine power expressed in kW and measured by the UNECE method pursuant to UNECE Regulation No 85 (1). If the rated maximum net power is reached at several engine speeds, the highest engine speed shall be used;
(5) ‘standard equipment’ means the basic configuration of a vehicle including all features that are fitted without giving rise to any further specifications on configuration or equipment level but equipped with all the features required under the regulatory acts mentioned in Annex IV or Annex XI to Directive 2007/46/EC;
(6) ‘mass of the driver’ means a mass rated at 75 kg located at the driver's seating reference point;
(7) ‘mass of a vehicle in running order’ (mro) means (a) in the case of a motor vehicle: the mass of the vehicle, with its fuel tank(s) filled to at least 90 % of its or their capacity/ies, including the mass of the driver, the fuel and liquids, fitted with the standard equipment in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and, where they are fitted, the mass of the bodywork, the cabin, the coupling and the spare wheel(s) as well as the tools; (b) in the case of a trailer: the mass of the vehicle including the fuel and liquids, fitted with the standard equipment in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications, and, when they are fitted, the mass of the bodywork, additional coupling(s), the spare wheel(s) and the tools;
(8) ‘rated engine speed’ (S) means the declared engine speed in min–1 (rpm) at which the engine develops its rated maximum net power pursuant to UNECE Regulation No 85 or, where the rated maximum net power is reached at several engine speeds, the highest one of those speeds;
(9) ‘power to mass ratio index’ (PMR) means a numerical quantity calculated in accordance with the formula set out in point 4.1.2.1.1 of Annex II;
(10) ‘reference point’ means one of the following points: (a) in the case of vehicles of categories M1 and N1: (i) for front engine vehicles, the front end of the vehicle; (ii) for mid engine vehicles, the centre of the vehicle; (iii) for rear engine vehicles, the rear end of the vehicle. (b) in the case of vehicles of categories M2, M3, N2 and N3, the border of the engine closest to the front of the vehicle.
(11) ‘target acceleration’ means acceleration at a partial throttle condition in urban traffic as derived from statistical investigations;
(12) ‘engine’ means the power source without detachable accessories;
(13) ‘reference acceleration’ means the required acceleration during the acceleration test on the test track;
(14) ‘gear ratio weighting factor’ (k) means a dimensionless numerical quantity used to combine the test results of two gear ratios for the acceleration test and the constant speed test;
(15) ‘partial power factor’ (kP) means a numerical quantity with no dimension used for the weighted combination of the test results of the acceleration test and the constant speed test for vehicles;
(16) ‘pre-acceleration’ means the application of an acceleration control device prior to AA' for the purpose of achieving stable acceleration between AA' and BB' as referred to in Figure 1 of the Appendix to Annex II;
(17) ‘locked gear ratios’ means the control of transmission such that the transmission gear cannot change during a test;
(18) ‘silencing system’ means a complete set of components necessary for limiting the noise produced by an engine and its exhaust;
(19) ‘silencing system of different types’ means silencing systems which significantly differ in respect of at least one of the following: (a) trade names or trade marks of their components; (b) the characteristics of the materials constituting their components, except for the coating of those components; (c) the shape or size of their components; (d) the operating principles of at least one of their components; (e) the assembly of their components; (f) the number of exhaust silencing systems or components;
(20) ‘design family of silencing system or silencing system components’ means a group of silencing systems, or components thereof, in which all of the following characteristics are the same: (a) the presence of net gas flow of the exhaust gases through the absorbing fibrous material when in contact with that material; (b) the type of the fibres; (c) where applicable, binder material specifications; (d) average fibre dimensions; (e) minimum bulk material packing density in kg/m3; (f) maximum contact surface between the gas flow and the absorbing material;
(21) ‘replacement silencing system’ means any part of the silencing system, or components thereof, intended for use on a vehicle, other than a part of the type fitted to the vehicle when submitted for EU type-approval pursuant to this Regulation;
(22) ‘Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System’ (AVAS) means a system for hybrid electric and pure electric vehicles which provides sound to signal the vehicle's presence to pedestrians and other road users;
(23) ‘point of sale’ means a location where vehicles are stored and offered for sale to consumers;
(24) ‘technical promotional material’ means technical manuals, brochures, leaflets and catalogues, whether they appear in printed, electronic or online form, as well as websites, and the purpose of which is to promote vehicles to the general public.
Article 4
General obligations of Member States
Member States shall continue to grant EU type-approval, under the terms of Directive 70/157/EEC, to a replacement silencing system, or components thereof, as a separate technical unit intended for vehicles type-approved before the dates of phases of application set out in Annex III to this Regulation.
Member States shall permit the sale and entry into service of replacement silencing systems, or components thereof, holding an EU type-approval as a separate technical unit under the terms of Directive 70/157/EEC intended for vehicles type-approved before the dates of phases of application set out in Annex III to this Regulation.
Article 5
General obligations of manufacturers
Article 6
Additional sound emission provisions (ASEP)
Paragraphs 1 to 6 shall not apply to vehicles of category N1 if one of the following conditions is met:
(a) the engine capacity does not exceed 660 cm3 and the power-to-mass ratio calculated by using the technically permissible maximum laden mass does not exceed 35;
(b) the payload is at least 850 kg and the power-to-mass ratio calculated by using the technically permissible maximum laden mass does not exceed 40.
Article 7
Consumer information and labelling
Vehicle manufacturers and distributors shall endeavour to ensure that the sound level of each vehicle in decibels (dB(a)), measured in accordance with this Regulation, is displayed in a prominent position at the point of sale and in technical promotional material.
In the light of the experience gained in the application of this Regulation, the Commission shall, by 1 July 2018 carry out a comprehensive impact assessment on labelling conditions applicable to air and noise pollution levels and on consumer information. The Commission shall report on the findings of that assessment to the European Parliament and to the Council and, if appropriate, submit a legislative proposal.
Article 8
Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS)
Manufacturers shall install AVAS meeting the requirements set out in Annex VIII in new types of hybrid electric and pure electric vehicles by 1 July 2019. Manufacturers shall install AVAS in all new hybrid electric and pure electric vehicles by 1 July 2021. Before those dates, where manufacturers choose to install AVAS in vehicles, they shall ensure that those AVAS comply with the requirements set out in Annex VIII.
The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 10 in order to review Annex VIII and to include more detailed requirements on the performance of AVAS or of active safety systems, taking into account the UNECE work on that issue, by 1 July 2017.
Article 9
Amendment of the annexes
The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 10 to amend Annexes I, IV, VIII and X to adapt them to technical progress.
Article 10
Exercise of the delegation
Article 11
Revision clause
The Commission shall carry out and publish a detailed study on sound level limits by 1 July 2021. The study shall be based on vehicles meeting the latest regulatory requirements. On the basis of the conclusions of that study, the Commission shall, where appropriate, submit a legislative proposal.
Article 12
Amendments to Directive 2007/46/EC
Annexes IV, VI and XI to Directive 2007/46/EC shall be amended in accordance with Annex XI to this Regulation.
Article 13
Transitional provisions
Article 14
Repeal
Article 15
Entry into force
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
LIST OF ANNEXES
ANNEX I
1. APPLICATION FOR EU TYPE-APPROVAL OF A VEHICLE TYPE
1.1. The application for EU type-approval pursuant to Article 7(1) and (2) of Directive 2007/46/EC of a vehicle type with regard to its sound level shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer.
1.2. A model for the information document is contained in Appendix 1.
1.3. A vehicle representative of the type in respect of which type-approval is sought shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer to the technical service responsible for the tests. In selecting the vehicle representative of the type, the technical service responsible for the tests shall do so to the satisfaction of the approval authority. Virtual testing methods may be used to aid decision-making during the selection process.
1.4. At the request of the technical service, a specimen of the silencing system and an engine of at least the same cylinder capacity and rated maximum power as that fitted to the vehicle in respect of which type-approval is sought shall also be submitted.
2. MARKINGS
2.2. The markings referred to in points 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 shall be clearly legible and indelible, even when the system is fitted to the vehicle.
3. GRANTING OF EU TYPE-APPROVAL OF A VEHICLE TYPE
3.1. If the relevant requirements are satisfied, EU type-approval pursuant to Article 9(3) and, if applicable, Article 10(4) of Directive 2007/46/EC shall be granted.
3.2. A model for the EU type-approval certificate is contained in Appendix 2.
4. AMENDMENTS TO EU TYPE-APPROVALS
In the case of amendments to the type approved pursuant to this Regulation, Articles 13, 14, 15, 16 and Article 17(4) of Directive 2007/46/EC shall apply.
5. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION ARRANGEMENTS
5.1. Measures to ensure the conformity of production arrangements shall be taken in accordance with the requirements laid down in Article 12 of Directive 2007/46/EC.
Appendix 1
The following information, if applicable, shall be supplied in triplicate and include a list of contents. Any drawings shall be supplied in appropriate scale and in sufficient detail on size A4 or on a folder of A4 format. Photographs, if any, shall show sufficient detail.
If the systems, components or separate technical units have electronic controls, information concerning their performance shall be supplied.
0. GENERAL
0.1.Make (trade name of manufacturer):
0.2.Type:
0.3.Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle (b):
0.3.1.Location of that marking:
0.4.Category of vehicle (c):
0.5.Company name and address of manufacturer:
0.8.Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s):
0.9.Name and address of the manufacturer's representative (if any):
1. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VEHICLE
1.1.Photographs and/or drawings of a representative vehicle:
1.3.Number of axles and wheels (4):
1.3.3.Powered axles (number, position, interconnection):
1.6.Position and arrangement of the engine:
2. MASSES AND DIMENSIONS (f) (g) (7) (IN KG AND MM) (REFER TO DRAWING WHERE APPLICABLE)
2.4.Range of vehicle dimensions (overall):
2.4.1.For chassis without bodywork:
2.4.1.1.Length (g5):
2.4.1.2.Width (g7):
2.4.2.For chassis with bodywork:
2.4.2.1.Length (g5):
2.4.2.2.Width (g7):
2.6.Mass in running order (h)
(a) minimum and maximum for each variant:
(b) mass of each version (a matrix shall be provided):
2.8.Technically permissible maximum laden mass stated by the manufacturer (i) (3):
3. POWER PLANT (q)
3.1.Manufacturer of the engine:
3.1.1.Manufacturer's engine code (as marked on the engine, or other means of identification):
3.2.Internal combustion engine
3.2.1.1.Working principle: positive ignition/compression ignition, cycle four-stroke/two-stroke/rotary (1)
3.2.1.2.Number and arrangement of cylinders:
3.2.1.2.3.Firing order:
3.2.1.3.Engine capacity (m): … cm3
3.2.1.8.Maximum net power (n): … kW at … min–1 (manufacturer's declared value)
3.2.4.Fuel feed
3.2.4.2.By fuel injection (compression ignition only): yes/no (1)
3.2.4.2.2.Working principle: Direct injection/pre-chamber/swirl chamber (1)
3.2.4.2.4.Governor
3.2.4.2.4.1.Type:
3.2.4.2.4.2.1.Speed at which cut-off starts under load: … min–1
3.2.4.3.By fuel injection (positive ignition only): yes/no (1)
3.2.4.3.1.Working principle: Intake manifold (single-/multi-point (1))/direct injection/other (specify) (1)
3.2.8.Intake system
3.2.8.1.Pressure charger: yes/no (1)
3.2.8.4.2.Air filter, drawings: or
3.2.8.4.2.1.Make(s):
3.2.8.4.2.2.Type(s):
3.2.8.4.3.Intake silencer, drawings: or
3.2.8.4.3.1.Make(s):
3.2.8.4.3.2.Type(s):
3.2.9.Silencing system
3.2.9.2.Description and/or drawing of the silencing system:
3.2.9.4.Exhaust silencer(s):
Type, marking of exhaust silencer(s):
Where relevant for exterior noise, reducing measures in the engine compartment and on the engine:
3.2.9.5.Location of the exhaust outlet:
3.2.9.6.Exhaust silencer containing fibrous materials:
3.2.12.2.1.Catalytic convertor: yes/no (1)
3.2.12.2.1.1.Number of catalytic convertors and elements (provide the information below for each separate unit):
3.2.12.2.6.Particulate trap: yes/no (1)
3.3.Electric motor
3.3.1.Type (winding, excitation):
3.3.1.1.Maximum hourly output: … kW
3.3.1.2.Operating voltage: … V
3.4.Engines or motors or combinations thereof
3.4.1.Hybrid electric vehicle: yes/no (1)
3.4.2.Category of hybrid electric vehicle: off-vehicle charging/non off-vehicle charging (1)
3.4.3Operating mode switch: with/without (1)
3.4.3.1.Selectable modes
3.4.3.1.1.Pure electric: yes/no (1)
3.4.3.1.2.Pure fuel consuming: yes/no (1)
3.4.3.1.3.Hybrid modes: yes/no (1) (if yes, short description):
3.4.5.Electric motor (describe each type of electric motor separately)
3.4.5.1.Make:
3.4.5.2.Type:
3.4.5.4.Maximum power: … kW
4. TRANSMISSION (P)
4.2.Type (mechanical, hydraulic, electric, etc.):
4.6.Gear ratios
| Gear | Internal gearbox ratios (ratios of engine to gearbox output shaft revolutions) | Final drive ratio(s) (ratio of gearbox output shaft to driven wheel revolutions) | Total gear ratios |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum for CVT (1) 1 2 3 … Minimum for CVT (1) Reverse | |||
| (*1) Continuously variable transmission |
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