Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/654 of 19 December 2016 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to technical and general requirements relating to emission limits and type-approval for internal combustion engines for non-road mobile machinery

COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2017/654

of 19 December 2016

supplementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to technical and general requirements relating to emission limits and type-approval for internal combustion engines for non-road mobile machinery

Article 1

Definitions

The following definitions shall apply:

(1) ‘wobbe index’ or ‘W’ means the ratio of the corresponding calorific value of a gas per unit volume and the square root of its relative density under the same reference conditions:

(2) ‘λ-shift factor’ or ‘Sλ’ means an expression that describes the required flexibility of the engine management system regarding a change of the excess-air ratio λ if the engine is fuelled with a gas composition different from pure methane;

(3) ‘liquid-fuel mode’ means the normal operating mode of a dual-fuel engine during which the engine does not use any gaseous fuel for any engine operating condition;

(4) ‘dual-fuel mode’ means the normal operating mode of a dual-fuel engine during which the engine simultaneously uses liquid fuel and a gaseous fuel at some engine operating conditions;

(5) ‘particulate after-treatment system’ means an exhaust after-treatment system designed to reduce emissions of particulate pollutants through a mechanical, aerodynamic, diffusional or inertial separation;

(6) ‘governor’ means a device or control strategy that automatically controls engine speed or load, other than an over-speed limiter as installed in an engine of category NRSh limiting the maximum engine speed for the sole purpose of preventing the engine operating at speeds in excess of a certain limit;

(7) ‘ambient temperature’ means, in relation to a laboratory environment (e.g. filter weighing room or chamber), the temperature within the specified laboratory environment;

(8) ‘base emission control strategy’ or ‘BECS’ means an emission control strategy that is active throughout the range of torque and speed over which the engine operates, unless an auxiliary emission control strategy (AECS) is activated;

(9) ‘reagent’ means any consumable or non-recoverable medium required and used for the effective operation of the exhaust after-treatment system;

(10) ‘auxiliary emission control strategy’ or ‘AECS’ means an emission control strategy that is activated and temporarily modifies a base emission control strategy (BECS) for a specific purpose and in response to a specific set of ambient and/or operating conditions and only remains in operation as long as those conditions exist;

(11) ‘good engineering judgment’ means judgments consistent with generally accepted scientific and engineering principles and available relevant information;

(12) ‘high speed’ or ‘nhi’ means the highest engine speed where 70 % of the maximum power occurs;

(13) ‘low speed’ or ‘nlo’ means the lowest engine speed where 50 % of the maximum power occurs;

(14) ‘maximum power’ or ‘Pmax’ means the maximum power in kW as designed by the manufacturer;

(15) ‘partial flow dilution’ means the method of analysing the exhaust gas whereby a part of the total exhaust gas flow is separated, then mixed with an appropriate amount of dilution air prior to reaching the particulate sampling filter;

(16) ‘drift’ means the difference between a zero or calibration signal and the respective value reported by a measurement instrument immediately after it was used in an emission test;

(17) ‘to span’ means to adjust an instrument so that it gives a proper response to a calibration standard that represents between 75 % and 100 % of the maximum value in the instrument range or expected range of use;

(18) ‘span gas’ means a purified gas mixture used to span gas analysers;

(19) ‘HEPA filter’ means high-efficiency particulate air filters that are rated to achieve a minimum initial particle-removal efficiency of 99,97 % using ASTM F 1471–93;

(20) ‘calibration’ means the process of setting a measurement system's response to an input signal so that its output agrees with a range of reference signals;

(21) ‘specific emissions’ means the mass emissions expressed in g/kWh;

(22) ‘operator demand’ means an engine operator's input to control engine output;

(23) ‘maximum torque speed’ means the engine speed at which the maximum torque is obtained from the engine, as designed by the manufacturer;

(24) ‘engine governed speed’ means the engine operating speed when it is controlled by the installed governor;

(25) ‘open crankcase emissions’ means any flow from an engine's crankcase that is emitted directly into the environment;

(26) ‘probe’ means the first section of the transfer line which transfers the sample to the next component in the sampling system;

(27) ‘test interval’ means a duration of time over which brake-specific emissions are determined;

(28) ‘zero gas’ means a gas that yields the value zero as response to its input in an analyser;

(29) ‘zeroed’ means that an instrument was adjusted in a manner that it gives a zero response to a zero calibration standard, such as purified nitrogen or purified air;

(30) ‘variable-speed non-road steady-state test cycle'’ (hereinafter ‘variable-speed NRSC’) means a non-road steady-state test cycle that is not a constant-speed NRSC;

(31) ‘constant-speed non-road steady-state test cycle’ (hereinafter ‘constant-speed NRSC’) means any of the following non-road steady-state test cycles defined in Annex IV to Regulation (EU) 2016/1628: D2, E2, G1, G2 or G3;

(32) ‘updating-recording’ means the frequency at which the analyser provides new, current, values;

(33) ‘calibration gas’ means a purified mixture of gases used to calibrate gas analysers;

(34) ‘stoichiometric’ means relating to the particular ratio of air and fuel such that if the fuel were fully oxidised, there would be no remaining fuel or oxygen;

(35) ‘storage medium’ means a particulate filter, sample bag, or any other storage device used for batch sampling;

(36) ‘full flow dilution’ means the method of mixing the exhaust gas flow with dilution air prior to separating a fraction of the diluted exhaust gas flow for analysis;

(37) ‘tolerance’ means the interval in which 95 % of a set of recorded values of a certain quantity shall lie, with the remaining 5 % of the recorded values deviating from the tolerance interval;

(38) ‘service mode’ means a special mode of a dual-fuel engine that is activated for the purpose of repairing, or of moving the non-road mobile machinery to a safe location when operation in the dual-fuel mode is not possible;

Article 2

Requirements for any other specified fuels, fuel mixtures or fuel emulsions

The reference fuels and other specified fuels, fuel mixtures or fuel emulsions included by a manufacturer in an application for EU type-approval as referred to in Article 25(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 shall comply with the technical characteristics and be described in the information folder as laid down in Annex I to this Regulation.

Article 3

Arrangements with regard to conformity of production

In order to ensure that the engines in production conform to the approved type in accordance with Article 26(1) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628, the approval authorities shall take the measures and follow the procedures laid down in Annex II to this Regulation.

Article 4

Methodology for adapting the emission laboratory test results to include the deterioration factors

The emission laboratory test results shall be adapted to include the deterioration factors, comprising those related with the measurement of the particle number (PN) and with gaseous-fuelled engines, referred to in Article 25(1)(c) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628, in accordance with the methodology laid down in Annex III to this Regulation.

Article 5

Requirements with regard to emission control strategies, NOx control measures and particulate control measures

The measurements and tests in respect of the emission control strategies referred to in Article 25(3)(f)(i) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 and of the NOx control measures referred to in Article 25(3)(f)(ii) of that Regulation and the particulate pollutant emission control measures, as well as the documentation required to demonstrate them, shall be conducted in compliance with the technical requirements laid down in Annex IV to this Regulation.

Article 6

Measurements and tests with regard to the area associated with the non-road steady-state test cycle

The measurements and tests with regard to the area referred to in Article 25(3)(f)(iii) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 shall be conducted in compliance with the detailed technical requirements laid down in Annex V to this Regulation.

Article 7

Conditions and methods for the conduct of tests

The conditions for conduct of the tests referred to in Articles 25(3)(a) and (b) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628, the methods for determining the engine load and speed settings referred to in Article 24 of that Regulation, the methods for taking account of emissions of crankcase gases referred to in Article 25(3)(e)(i) of that Regulation and the methods for determining and taking account of continuous and periodic regeneration of exhaust after-treatment systems referred to in Article 25(3)(e)(ii) of that Regulation shall meet the requirements laid down in Sections 5 and 6 of Annex VI to this Regulation.

Article 8

Procedures for the conduct of tests

The tests referred to in points (a) and (f)(iv) of Article 25(3) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures laid down in Section 7 of Annex VI and in Annex VIII to this Regulation.

Article 9

Procedures for emission measurement and sampling

The emission measurement and sampling referred to in Article 25(3)(b) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures laid down in Section 8 of Annex VI to this Regulation and in Appendix 1 to that Annex.

Article 10

Apparatus for the conduct of tests and for emission measurement and sampling

The apparatus for the conduct of tests as referred to in Article 25(3)(a) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 and for emission measurement and sampling as referred to in Article 25(3)(b) of that Regulation shall comply with the technical requirements and characteristics laid down in Section 9 of Annex VI to this Regulation.

Article 11

Method for data evaluation and calculations

The data referred to in Article 25(3)(c) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 shall be evaluated and calculated in accordance with the method laid down in Annex VII to this Regulation.

Article 12

Technical characteristics of the reference fuels

The reference fuels referred to in Article 25(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 shall meet the technical characteristics laid down in Annex IX to this Regulation.

Article 13

Detailed technical specifications and conditions for delivering an engine separately from its exhaust after-treatment system

Where a manufacturer delivers an engine separately from its exhaust after-treatment system to an original equipment manufacturer (‘OEM’) in the Union, as provided for in Article 34(3) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628, that delivery shall comply with the detailed technical specifications and conditions laid down in Annex X to this Regulation.

Article 14

Detailed technical specifications and conditions for the temporary placing on the market for the purposes of field testing

Engines that have not been EU type-approved in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 shall be authorised, in accordance with Article 34(4) of that Regulation, to be temporarily placed on the market for the purposes of field testing if they comply with the detailed technical specifications and conditions laid down in Annex XI to this Regulation.

Article 15

Detailed technical specifications and conditions for special purpose engines

EU type-approvals for special purpose engines and authorisations for the placing on the market of those engines shall be granted in accordance with Article 34(5) and (6) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 if the detailed technical specifications and conditions laid down in Annex XII to this Regulation are fulfilled.

Article 16

Acceptance of equivalent engine type-approvals

The UNECE regulations, or amendments thereto, referred to in Article 42(4)(a) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 and the Union acts referred to in Article 42(4)(b) of that Regulation are set out in Annex XIII to this Regulation.

Article 17

Details of the relevant information and instructions for OEMs

The details of the information and instructions for OEMs referred to in Article 43(2), (3) and (4) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 are laid down in Annex XIV to this Regulation.

Article 18

Details of the relevant information and instructions for end-users

The details of the information and instructions for end-users referred to in Article 43(3) and (4) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 are laid down in Annex XV to this Regulation.

Article 19

Performance standards and assessment of technical services

Article 20

Characteristics of the steady-state and transient test cycles

The steady-state and transient test cycles, referred to in Article 24 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628, shall meet the characteristics laid down in Annex XVII to this Regulation.

Article 20a

Transitional provisions

Article 21

Entry into force and application

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

ANNEXES

Annex Number	Annex title	Page
I	Requirements for any other specified fuels, fuel mixtures or fuel emulsions
II	Arrangements with regard to conformity of production
III	Methodology for adapting the emission laboratory test results to include the deterioration factors
IV	Requirements with regard to emission control strategies, NOx control measures and particulate control measures
V	Measurements and tests with regard to the area associated with the non-road steady-state test cycle
VI	Conditions, methods, procedures and apparatus for the conduct of tests and for emission measurement and sampling
VII	Method for data evaluation and calculations
VIII	Performance requirements and test procedures for dual-fuel engines
IX	Technical characteristics of the reference fuels
X	Detailed technical specifications and conditions for delivering an engine separately from its exhaust after-treatment system
XI	Detailed technical specifications and conditions for the temporary placing on the market for the purposes of field testing
XII	Detailed technical specifications and conditions for special purpose engines
XIII	Acceptance of equivalent engine type-approvals
XIV	Details of the relevant information and instructions for OEMs
XV	Details of the relevant information and instructions for end-users
XVI	Performance standards and assessment of technical services
XVII	Characteristics of the steady-state and transient test cycles

ANNEX I

Requirements for any other specified fuels, fuel mixtures or fuel emulsions

1. Requirements for engines fuelled with liquid fuels

1.1. When applying for an EU type-approval, manufacturers may select one of the following options with regard to the engine's fuel range:

2. Requirements for engines fuelled with natural gas/biomethane (NG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), including dual-fuel engines

2.1. When applying for an EU type-approval, manufacturers may select one of the following options with regard to the engine's fuel range:

2.2. Tables summarizing the requirements for EU type-approval of natural gas/biomethane fuelled engines, LPG-fuelled engines and dual-fuel engines are provided in Appendix 1.

2.7. In order to receive an EU type-approval of a dual-fuel engine type or engine family, the manufacturer shall:

Appendix 1

Summary of approval process for natural gas and LPG fuelled engines including dual-fuel engines

Tables 1.1 to 1.3.show a summary of the approval process for of natural gas fuelled engines and LPG fuelled engines and of the minimum number of tests required for approval of dual-fuel engines.