LegalizeRegulation (EU) 2018/858 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on the approval and market surveillance of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, amending Regulations (EC) No 715/2007 and (EC) No 595/2009 and repealing Directive 2007/46/EC (Text with EEA relevance.)
| Item | Subject | Regulatory act(the scope of the regulatory act remains unchanged) | Fully automated vehicles of categories N1, N2 and N3 without driver seat and without occupants | Fully automated vehicles of categories N1, N2, N3, M1, M2, M3 without driver seat, with occupants | Dual mode vehicles: vehicles with a driver seat designed and constructed to be driven by the driver in the ‘manual driving mode’ and to be driven by the automated driving system (ADS) without any driver supervision in the ‘fully automated driving mode’ | Specific provisions to be applied if letter A is used (i.e. the approval is not possible under the regulatory act because it does not yet include specific requirements for fully automated vehicles) No provision shall apply if the vehicle category is not in the scope of the base regulatory act. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | RESTRAINT SYSTEMS, CRASH TESTING, FUEL SYSTEM INTEGRITY AND HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SAFETY | RESTRAINT SYSTEMS, CRASH TESTING, FUEL SYSTEM INTEGRITY AND HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SAFETY | RESTRAINT SYSTEMS, CRASH TESTING, FUEL SYSTEM INTEGRITY AND HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SAFETY | RESTRAINT SYSTEMS, CRASH TESTING, FUEL SYSTEM INTEGRITY AND HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SAFETY | RESTRAINT SYSTEMS, CRASH TESTING, FUEL SYSTEM INTEGRITY AND HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SAFETY | RESTRAINT SYSTEMS, CRASH TESTING, FUEL SYSTEM INTEGRITY AND HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SAFETY |
| A1 | Interior fittings | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | not in scope | A | X for manual driving mode. A for fully automated driving mode | All windows, roof-panels and partitions for use by occupants shall be equipped with an auto-reversing device in order to make a driver-controlled switch redundant. For bidirectional vehicles (i.e. vehicles with no distinguishable rear/front and that can be driven in both directions), requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| A2 | Seats and head restraints | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | X A (for bidirectional vehicles) | X | For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| A3 | Bus seats | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | X A (for bidirectional vehicles) | X | For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| A4 | Safety-belt anchorages | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | A | X | For vehicle with no driver seat, any seat in the first seat row shall be considered to be a front passenger seat. Paragraphs 5.1.6.2.1 and 5.1.6.2.2 of UN Regulation No 14 are not applicable. |
| A5 | Safety-belts and restraint systems | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | A | X | For vehicles without driver seat, any seat in the first seat row shall be considered to be a front passenger seat. |
| A6 | Safety-belt reminders | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | A | X | For vehicles without driver seat, any seat in the first seat row shall be considered to be a front passenger seat. The safety-belt reminder signal shall be transmitted to the automated driving system (ADS) and the remote intervention operator (if applicable) as defined in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1426 [^E0018] . |
| A7 | Partitioning systems | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | equipment | equipment | equipment | |
| A8 | Child restraint anchorages | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | X | X | |
| A9 | Child restraint systems (IF) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | X | X | |
| A10 | Enhanced child restraint systems (IF) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | X | X | |
| A11 | Front underrun protection | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X A (for bidirectional vehicles) | X A (for bidirectional vehicles) | X | For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| A12 | Rear underrun protection | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X A (for bidirectional vehicles) | X A (for bidirectional vehicles) | X | For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| A13 | Lateral protection | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X A (for bidirectional vehicles) | X A (for bidirectional vehicles) | X | For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| A14 | Fuel tank safety (IF) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | |
| A15 | Liquified petroleum gas safety (IF) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | The required malfunction or fault indication shall be replaced by a signal transmitted to the automated driving system and remote intervention operator (if applicable). |
| A16 | Compressed and liquified natural gas safety (IF) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | |
| A17 | Hydrogen safety (IF) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | |
| A18 | Hydrogen system material qualification (IF) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | |
| A19 | In-use electric safety (IF) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | The requirements for passenger compartment shall not apply to N vehicles with no passenger. The indications normally given to the driver ’ shall be sent to the ADS and the remote intervention operator (if applicable) |
| A20 | Frontal off-set impact | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | Not applicable | A n/a for vehicles below 30 km/h | X | The ‘R’ point of the driver shall be considered to be the ‘R’ point of the foremost passenger. If the vehicle has no steering wheel or pedal cluster, the positioning of the steering wheel and pedal cluster shall not be taken into account. If the vehicle does not contain a driver or/and a co-driver seat, these positions should not be tested. For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| A21 | Frontal full-width impact | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | A n/a for vehicles below 30 km/h | X | The ‘R’ point of the driver shall be considered to be the ‘R’ point of the foremost passenger. For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| A22 | Protective steering | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | n/a | X | |
| A23 | Replacement airbag | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | equipment | equipment | |
| A24 | Cab impact | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | X A (for bidirectional vehicles) | X | For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| A25 | Side impact | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | A n/a for vehicles below 30 km/h | X | The collision test will be carried out on the side or sides as agreed between the manufacturer and type approval authority. For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| A26 | Pole side impact | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | A n/a for vehicles below 30 km/h | X | The ‘R’ point of the driver’s seat shall be considered to be the ‘R’ point of the foremost passenger seat. The dynamic pole side impact test will be carried out on the side or sides as agreed between the manufacturer and type approval authority. For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| A27 | Rear impact | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | X A (for bidirectional vehicles) | X | For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| A28 | 112-based eCall in-vehicles systems | Regulation (EU) 2015/758 | n/a | A | X (for manual drivingmode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | For fully automated driving mode, the ADS takes care of the functionality. |
| B | VULNERABLE ROAD USERS, VISION AND VISIBILITY | VULNERABLE ROAD USERS, VISION AND VISIBILITY | VULNERABLE ROAD USERS, VISION AND VISIBILITY | VULNERABLE ROAD USERS, VISION AND VISIBILITY | VULNERABLE ROAD USERS, VISION AND VISIBILITY | VULNERABLE ROAD USERS, VISION AND VISIBILITY |
| B1 | Pedestrian leg and head protection | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X A(for bidirectional vehicles) | X A (for bidirectional vehicles) | X | For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| B2 | Enlarged head impact zone | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X A(for bidirectional vehicles) | X A(for bidirectional vehicles) | X | For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| B3 | Frontal protection system | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | equipment | equipment | equipment | |
| B4 | Advanced emergency braking for pedestrians and cyclists ahead | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a (functionality to be covered by the ADS) | n/a (functionality to be covered by the ADS) | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) (functionality to be covered by the ADS) | |
| B5 | Pedestrian and cyclist collision warning | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a (functionality to be covered by the ADS) | n/a (functionality to be covered by the ADS) | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) (functionality to be covered by the ADS) | |
| B6 | Blind spot information system | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a (functionality to be covered by the ADS) | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS) | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) (functionality covered by the ADS) | |
| B7 | Reversing detection | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS) | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS) | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) (functionality to be covered by the ADS) | |
| B8 | Forward vision | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | n/a | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) (functionality covered by the ADS) | |
| B9 | Heavy-duty vehicles direct vision | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS) | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS) | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) | |
| B10 | Safety glazing | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | A | X | Point 4.1.3 of Annex 24 is not applicable (no R-point available in relation to the installation of the windscreen). Any front exterior forward-facing glazing shall be regarded as windscreen. For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| B11 | Defrost/demist | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | n/a | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) (functionality covered by the ADS) | |
| B12 | Wash/wipe | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | n/a | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) | |
| B13 | Indirect vision devices | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS) | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS) | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) | |
| B14 | Acoustic Vehicle Alerting Systems | Regulation (EU) No 540/2014 | X | X | X | |
| C | VEHICLE CHASSIS, BRAKING, TYRES AND STEERING | VEHICLE CHASSIS, BRAKING, TYRES AND STEERING | VEHICLE CHASSIS, BRAKING, TYRES AND STEERING | VEHICLE CHASSIS, BRAKING, TYRES AND STEERING | VEHICLE CHASSIS, BRAKING, TYRES AND STEERING | VEHICLE CHASSIS, BRAKING, TYRES AND STEERING |
| C1 | Steering equipment | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | The basic steering (mechanical) requirements apply however: — the requirements applicable to the steering control (e.g. max steering forces) are not applicable; — the failure provisions and performance at 5.3 are not relevant if there’s no driver but the failure notification should be made (digitally) available to the ADS and the remote intervention operator (if applicable). — The provisions of Annex 6-complex electronic systems need to be fulfilled and may be covered by the ADS safety concept. The ADS shall take care of the tasks assigned to the driver and driver steering assistance system. |
| C2 | Lane departure warning | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS) | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS) | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) (functionality covered by the ADS) | |
| C3 | Emergency lane keeping | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS) | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS) | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) | |
| C4 | Braking | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated mode) | Activation of the brakes managed by the ADS in replacement of the driver and driver assistant systems. Each vehicle shall be fitted where applicable with — a service braking system — a secondary braking system — a parking braking system — an endurance braking system. (for vehicle categories covered by UN Regulation No 13) All Annexes to UN Regulation No 13, except for Annex 5 (Additional provisions applicable to certain vehicles as specified in the ADR), shall remain applicable. All muscular generated performances (e.g. secondary brake) shall be replaced by alternative supply. (to be performed by the ADS- need for a special test mode). Issue of failure to be covered (no driver as fallback). All the tell tales, indicators, warnings and information in accordance to UN Regulation No 13 or UN Regulation No 13-H (depending on the vehicle category) shall be sent to the ADS and the remote intervention operator (if applicable). When more than one control is required in UN Regulation No 13 (e.g. paragraph 5.2.1.2.1) this shall be replaced by two independent power sources. e.g. service brake activation and parking braking brake shall be activated by actuators with separated energy reserves, actuators and logic. The ADS safety concept shall cover the electronic systems of the braking system (including the interfaces and interactions with any other affected electronic systems of the vehicle). The ADS takes care of the tasks assigned to the driver and braking assistance systems. |
| C5 | Replacement braking parts | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | equipment | equipment | equipment | |
| C6 | Brake assist | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS | n/a(functionality covered by the ADS) | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) (functionality covered by the ADS) | |
| C7 | Stability control | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) (functionality covered by the ADS) | |
| C8 | Advanced emergency braking on heavy-duty vehicles | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) (functionality covered by the ADS) | |
| C9 | Advanced emergency braking on light-duty vehicles | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS) | n/a (functionality covered by the ADS) | X for manual driving mode Not applicable for fully automated driving mode (functionality covered by the ADS) | |
| C10 | Tyre safety and environmental performance | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | |
| C11 | Spare wheels and run-flat systems (IF) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated mode) | In the case of vehicles equipped with a Run-Flat Warning System the warning signal and the run-flat malfunction signal shall be replaced by signals transmitted to the ADS and the remote intervention operator (if applicable). |
| C12 | Retreaded tyres | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | equipment | equipment | equipment | |
| C13 | Tyre pressure monitoring for light-duty vehicles | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | The warning signal shall be sent to the ADS and the remote intervention operator (if applicable). |
| C14 | Tyre pressure monitoring for heavy-duty vehicles | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | The warning signal shall be sent to the ADS and the remote intervention operator (if applicable). |
| C15 | Tyre installation | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X | The maximum speed warning label (in vehicle) shall not be required. The ADS shall not exceed the maximum speed capability of the tyres prescribed by the vehicle manufacturer. |
| C16 | Replacement wheels | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | equipment | equipment | equipment | |
| D | ON-BOARD INSTRUMENTS, ELECTRICAL SYSTEM, VEHICLE LIGHTING AND PROTECTION AGAINST UNAUTHORISED USE, INCLUDING CYBERATTACKS | ON-BOARD INSTRUMENTS, ELECTRICAL SYSTEM, VEHICLE LIGHTING AND PROTECTION AGAINST UNAUTHORISED USE, INCLUDING CYBERATTACKS | ON-BOARD INSTRUMENTS, ELECTRICAL SYSTEM, VEHICLE LIGHTING AND PROTECTION AGAINST UNAUTHORISED USE, INCLUDING CYBERATTACKS | ON-BOARD INSTRUMENTS, ELECTRICAL SYSTEM, VEHICLE LIGHTING AND PROTECTION AGAINST UNAUTHORISED USE, INCLUDING CYBERATTACKS | ON-BOARD INSTRUMENTS, ELECTRICAL SYSTEM, VEHICLE LIGHTING AND PROTECTION AGAINST UNAUTHORISED USE, INCLUDING CYBERATTACKS | ON-BOARD INSTRUMENTS, ELECTRICAL SYSTEM, VEHICLE LIGHTING AND PROTECTION AGAINST UNAUTHORISED USE, INCLUDING CYBERATTACKS |
| D1 | Audible warning | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | |
| D2 | Radio interference (electromagnetic compatibility) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | Test mode needed. In addition to the requirements EMC tests described in Annexes 4 to 22 to UN Regulation No 10, the following procedure before and during initial EMC tests shall be followed: 1. When a fully automated vehicle with an ADS is EMC tested, the ADS functions should be switched on and also work in active mode. However certain limitations in use case can be observed. Therefore, before executing the EMC test, the type-approval authority needs to be consulted about the test program to agree about the Pass/Fail criteria proposal made by the EMC lab according to paragraph 6.1.2 of UN Regulation No 10. Before testing the Technical Service has to prepare a test plan in conjunction with the manufacturer, which contains at least mode of operation, stimulated function(s), monitored function(s), pass/fail criterion (criteria) and intended emissions. 2. The manufacturer of the vehicle or Electric/electronic subassembly (ESA) shall fill in the information according to UN Regulation 10, Annex 2A or 2B. The EMC lab shall make this available as an annex to the test report. 3. In case if a remote intervention is used and could influence the behaviour of the vehicle the remote intervention should be part of the EMC test plan. 4. When it’s needed during the initial test, to install Ferrite blocks or aluminium foil on several elements to pass the EMC tests, it proves that the EMC design was weak and potentially prone to variation. Therefore the initial tests can never be used for further revision or extension for further vehicles or adding/changing ESAs (Electronic Sub-Assemblies) to the vehicle/DUTs. |
| D3 | Protection against unauthorised use, immobiliser and alarm systems | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | |
| D4 | Protection of vehicle against cyberattacks | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | |
| D5 | Speedometer | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | Requirements are not applicable except that the speed signal shall be send to the ADS |
| D6 | Odometer | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | The odometer signal shall be send to the ADS |
| D7 | Speed limitation devices | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode A for fully automated) driving mode | Test mode needed. The speed management and limitation shall be ensured by ADS. |
| D8 | Intelligent speed assistance | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | n/a | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) (functionality covered by the ADS) | |
| D9 | Identification of controls, tell-tales and indicators | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | n/a | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) | |
| D10 | Heating systems | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | In the case of part or parts of the heating system in the passenger compartment, and in the case of overheating, the temperature of the parts shall not exceed 110 °C (70 °C for M2 and 80 °C for M3). The activation and adjustment of the heating system can be managed by the ADS and/or passengers or remote intervention operator (if applicable). |
| D11 | Light signalling devices | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | |
| D12 | Road illumination devices | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | |
| D13 | Retro-reflective devices | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | |
| D14 | Light sources | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | |
| D15 | Installation of light signalling, road illumination and retro-reflective devices | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | The requirements shall remain the same, but in case of malfunctioning, the information shall be sent to ADS and the remote intervention operator (if applicable). The activation of the lights is managed by the ADS. For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions unless it is incompatible with the use in agreement with the type-approval authority. |
| D16 | Emergency stop signal | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | |
| D17 | Headlamp cleaners (IF) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | The control of the headlamp cleaner shall be managed by the ADS. |
| D18 | Gear shift indicator | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | n/a | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated mode) | not in scope |
| E | DRIVER AND SYSTEM BEHAVIOUR | DRIVER AND SYSTEM BEHAVIOUR | DRIVER AND SYSTEM BEHAVIOUR | DRIVER AND SYSTEM BEHAVIOUR | DRIVER AND SYSTEM BEHAVIOUR | DRIVER AND SYSTEM BEHAVIOUR |
| E1 | Alcohol interlock installation facilitation | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | n/a | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) | |
| E2 | Driver drowsiness and attention warning | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | n/a | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) | |
| E3 | Advanced driver distraction warning | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | n/a | X (for manual driving mode) n/a (for fully automated driving mode) | |
| E4 | Driver availability monitoring system (in case of automated vehicles) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | n/a | X | |
| E5 | Event data recorder | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | A for fully automated driving mode X for manual driving mode | Specific ADS data elements are covered in Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1426 |
| E6 | Systems to replace driver’s control (in case of automated vehicles) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | Covered by Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1426 |
| E7 | Systems to provide the vehicle with information on state of vehicle and surrounding area (in case of automated vehicles) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | Covered by Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1426 |
| E8 | Platooning (IF) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | No requirement yet | No requirement yet | No requirement yet | No requirement yet |
| E9 | Systems to provide safety information to other road users (in case of automated vehicles) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | Covered by Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1426 |
| F | GENERAL VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION AND FEATURES | GENERAL VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION AND FEATURES | GENERAL VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION AND FEATURES | GENERAL VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION AND FEATURES | GENERAL VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION AND FEATURES | GENERAL VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION AND FEATURES |
| F1 | Registration plate space | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions unless it is incompatible with the use in agreement with the type-approval authority. |
| F2 | Reversing motion | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | The ADS shall also be tested for manouvrability (reverse gear). The ADS shall take care of the tasks assigned to the driver (e.g. activation of the reverse gear). |
| F3 | Door latches and hinges | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | n/a | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | The visual signal of the door closure warning system shall be replaced by a signal transmitted to the ADS and the remote intervention operator (if applicable). The equipment of side doors with locking devices shall be subject to the discretion of the manufacturer. The primary door controls which normally would be accessible by the driver, would need to be accessible either from a primary seating position (if applicable) or adjacent to each door. The ADS shall ensure that the vehicle can only move if doors are closed. |
| F4 | Door entry steps, handholds and running boards | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | X | X | Vehicle access requirements do not apply where there is no vehicle cab. |
| F5 | External projections | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | not in scope | A | A (for fully automated driving mode) | Sensors fitted to the ADS vehicle which are necessary to perform the Dynamic Driving Task can be excluded in a similar manner as camera monitor systems devices if they meet the general requirements on camera monitor devices in paragraph 6.2.2.1 of UN Regulation 46. The ‘R’ point of the driver referred shall be considered to be the ‘R’ point of the foremost passenger in case there is no driver seat. For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| F6 | External projections of commercial vehicle cabs | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | A | Sensors fitted to the ADS vehicle which are necessary to perform the Dynamic Driving Task can be excluded in a similar manner as camera monitor systems devices if they meet the general requirements on camera monitor devices in paragraph 6.2.2.1 of UN Regulation 46. The ‘R’ point of the driver referred shall be considered to be the ‘R’ point of the foremost passenger in case there is no driver seat. For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| F7 | Statutory plate and vehicle identification number | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X A for bidirectional vehicles | X A for bidirectional vehicles | X | For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| F8 | Towing devices | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | |
| F9 | Wheel guards | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | Not in scope | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated mode) | Fully applicable. For bidirectional vehicles, requirements shall be met in both directions. Alternative requirements leading to an equivalent level of safety to the satisfaction of the type-approval authority are permitted if meeting all the requirements in both directions is incompatible with the bidirectional use. |
| F10 | Spray suppression systems | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | X | X | X | |
| F11 | Masses and dimensions | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A. | A (for fully automated mode) X (for manual driving mode) | Mass in running order shall exclude mass of the driver if there is no on-board operator. The ADS sensors above 2 metres are not included in the maximum dimensions in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2021/535, Annex XIII. |
| F12 | Mechanical couplings | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | The indication to driver that the mechanical coupling is locked/unlocked shall be addressed to the ADS and the remote intervention operator (if applicable). |
| F13 | Vehicles intended for the transportation of dangerous goods (IF) | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | Not in scope | Not in scope | Not in scope | Fully automated vehicles intended for the transportation of dangerous goods cannot be approved. |
| F14 | General bus construction | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | Not in scope | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated mode) | Buses without a roof and trolley buses are out of scope. In general the tasks normally expected by the driver under UN Regulation No 107 shall be covered in the ADS safety concept. The requirements of paragraphs 7.2.2.1.1, 7.2.2.1.2 and 7.2.2.1.3 as defined in Annex 3 to UN-Regulation No 107 shall not apply. All required information normally displayed or noticed to the driver or information to passengers in case of an emergency shall be transferred to the ADS, the on-board operator and the remote intervention operator (e.g. fire suppression system) The ADS shall take care of power operated doors. The ADS shall take care of the reaction to fire as part of the ADS safety concept (e.g. emergency manoeuvre and transfer to the safe state), doors automatically unlocked when safe to do so. In case of emergency, the ADS shall take care of the emergency lighting system as part of the ADS safety concept. Once activated, the emergency lighting system shall remain active for at least 30 minutes. This active function shall be displayed as well to the remote intervention operator who may deactivate the emergency lighting system. The kneeling system shall in ADS operation automatically be actuated to achieve required step height. Also prevention system shall be part of the ADS safety concept to prevent the feet/legs of passengers boarding the vehicle from geting stuck underneath the vehicle during lowering process. |
| F15 | Bus strength of superstructure | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | Not in scope | X | X | |
| F16 | Flammability in buses | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | Not in scope | X | X | |
| G | ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS | ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS | ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS | ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS | ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS | ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS |
| G1 | Sound level | Regulation (EU) No 540/2014 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | Test mode necessary. Manufacturer to define how to perform the test in accordance with the technical justification in agreement with technical service. Highest value measured in manual or/and in autonomous mode shall be considered for type approval. Vehicles having overall sound levels complying with the requirements in paragraph 6.2.8 of UNECE Regulation No 138(1) with a margin of +3 dB(A), are not required to be equipped with Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS). The requirements laid down in paragraph 6.2.8 of that Regulation for one-third octave bands and the requirements laid down in paragraph 6.2.3 of that Regulation for the frequency shift as defined in paragraph 2.4 of that Regulation (‘frequency shift’) shall not apply to those vehicles to determine the need for AVAS independent whether the vehicles is driven in manual or autonomous mode during the test. The R point of the driver seat shall be considered to be the lowest R point of the passenger seats in the 1st seat row. Used test procedure/special arrangement to be recorded in the test report. |
| G2 | Tailpipe emissions of vehicle in lab | Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | The manufacturer shall define a test mode in order to allow testing on a chassis dynamometer and communicate the method to the relevant approval authorities. The required driver warning and inducement system shall be replaced by signals transmitted to the automated driving system, and remote intervention operator (if applicable). It shall be clearly indicated to the remote intervention operator when the inducement will be activated. |
| G2a | Determination of specific CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of vehicle and device for monitoring on board the vehicle the consumption of fuel and/or electric energy | Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for fully automated driving mode) | The manufacturer shall define a test mode in order to allow testing on a chassis dynamometer and communicate the method to the relevant approval authorities. |
| G3 | Tailpipe emissions of engine in lab | Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for automated driving mode) | The required driver warning and inducement system shall be replaced by signals transmitted to the automated driving system and remote intervention operator (if applicale). It shall be clearly indicated to the remote intervention operator when the inducement will be activated. |
| G3a | Determination of specific CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of vehicle | Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for automated driving mode) | The manufacturer shall define a test mode in order to perform the verification testing procedure and communicate the method to the relevant approval authorities. |
| G3b | Determination of specific energy efficiency performance of trailer | Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 | Not in scope | Not in scope | Not in scope | Not in scope |
| G4 | Tailipipe emissions on the road | Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for automated driving mode) | The manufacturer shall define a test mode in order to allow testing on the road and communicate the method to the relevant approval authorities. The required driver warning and inducement system shall be replaced by signals transmitted to the automated driving system, and remote intervention operator (if applicable). It shall be clearly indicated to the remote intervention operator when the inducement will be activated. |
| G5 | Durability of tailpipe emissions | Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) | The manufacturer shall define a test mode in order to allow testing on the road and communicate the method to the relevant approval authorities. |
| G6 | Crankcase emissions | Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 | X | X | X | |
| G7 | Evaporative emissions | Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 | X | X | X | |
| G8 | Low-temperaturetailpipe emissions in lab | Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for automated driving mode) | The manufacturer shall define a test mode in order to allow testing on a chassis dynamometer and communicate the method to the relevant approval authorities. The required driver warning and inducement system shall be replaced by signals transmitted to the automated driving system and remote intervention operator (if applicale). It shall be clearly indicated to the remote intervention operator when the inducement will be activated. |
| G9 | On-board diagnostics | Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 | A | A | X (for manual driving mode) A (for automated driving mode) | The required Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) shall be replaced by a signal transmitted to the automated driving system, and remote intervention operator (if applicable). |
| G10 | Absence of defeat device | Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 | X | X | X | |
| G11 | Auxiliary emissions strategies | Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 | X | X | X | |
| G12 | Anti-tampering | Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 | X | X | X | |
| G13 | Recyclability | Directive 2005/64/EC | X | X | X | |
| G14 | Air-conditioning systems | Directive 2006/40/EC | n/a | X | X | |
| H | ACCESS TO VEHICLE INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE UPDATE | ACCESS TO VEHICLE INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE UPDATE | ACCESS TO VEHICLE INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE UPDATE | ACCESS TO VEHICLE INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE UPDATE | ACCESS TO VEHICLE INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE UPDATE | ACCESS TO VEHICLE INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE UPDATE |
| H1 | Access to vehicle OBD information and vehicle repair and maintenance information | Regulation (EU) 2018/858, Articles 61 to 66 and Annex X | X | X | X | |
| H2 | Software update | Regulation (EU) 2018/858 UN Regulation No 156 | X | X | X |
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1426 of 5 August 2022 laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards uniform procedures and technical specifications for the type-approval of the automated driving system (ADS) of fully automated vehicles (OJ L 221, 26.8.2022, p. 1).
Appendix 2
Requirements for EU individual vehicle approval pursuant to Article 44
1. APPLICATION
For the purpose of application of this Appendix, a vehicle is deemed to be new where:
- (a) it has never been registered previously; or
- (b) it has been registered for less than six months at the time of the application for individual vehicle approval. A vehicle shall be considered registered where it has obtained a permanent, temporary or short-term administrative authorisation for entry into service in road traffic, involving its identification and the issuing of a registration number ([^E0019]).
2. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS
2.1. Categorisation of the vehicle
Vehicles shall be categorised in accordance with the criteria set out in Annex I as follows:
- (a) the actual number of seating positions shall be taken into consideration; and
- (b) the technically maximum permissible laden mass shall be the maximum mass stated by the manufacturer in the country of origin and available in his official documentation.
Where it is not possible to easily determine the vehicle category because of the design of the bodywork, the conditions set out in Annex I shall apply.
2.2. Application for individual vehicle approval
- (a) The applicant shall submit an application to the approval authority accompanied by all relevant documentation necessary for the operation of the approval procedure. Where the submitted documentation is incomplete, falsified or forged the application for approval shall be rejected.
- (b) Only one application for a particular vehicle may be submitted in only one Member State. The approval authority may require from the applicant a written commitment that only one application will be submitted in the Member State of the approval authority. By a particular vehicle, it shall be understood a physical vehicle the VIN of which is clearly identified. However, any applicant may apply for EU individual vehicle approval in another Member State in respect of another particular vehicle with technical characteristics identical or similar to the one that has been granted an EU individual vehicle approval.
- (c) The model of the application form and the layout of the file shall be laid down by the approval authority. The particulars of the vehicle requested may only consist in an appropriate selection of the information included in Annex I.
- (d) The technical requirements to be complied with are those laid down in point 4. The technical requirements shall be those applicable to vehicles belonging to a type of vehicle currently in production, in relation to the date of the submission of the application.
- (e) With respect to the tests required under the regulatory acts listed in this Annex, the applicant shall supply a statement of compliance with recognised international standards or regulations. The statement in question may only be issued by the vehicle manufacturer. ‘Statement of compliance’ shall mean a statement issued by the office or department within the manufacturer's organisation that is duly authorised by the management to fully engage the legal responsibility of the manufacturer with respect to the design and the construction of a vehicle. The regulatory acts for which such a statement has to be supplied shall be those referred to in point 4. Where a statement of compliance gives rise to uncertainty, the applicant may be required to obtain from the manufacturer a piece of evidence, including a test report, in order to corroborate the manufacturer's statement.
2.3. Technical services entrusted with individual vehicle approvals
- (a) The technical services entrusted with individual vehicle approvals shall be of category A as referred to in Article 68(1).
- (b) By way of derogation from the requirement to demonstrate their compliance with the standards listed in Appendix 1 to Annex III, technical services shall comply with the following standards:
- (i) EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 when they perform tests themselves;
- (ii) EN ISO/IEC 17020:2012 when they check compliance of the vehicle with the requirements included in this Appendix.
- (c) Where specific tests requiring specific skills have to be conducted at the request of the applicant, they shall be conducted by one of the technical services notified to the Commission at the choice of the applicant.
2.4. Test reports
- (a) Test reports shall be drafted in accordance with paragraph 5.10.2 of standard EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005.
- (b) Test reports shall be drafted in one of the languages of the Union determined by the approval authority. Where in application of point 2.3(c) a test report has been issued in a Member State other than the one entrusted with the individual vehicle approval, the approval authority may require that the applicant submits a true translation of the test report.
- (c) Test reports shall include a description of the vehicle tested, including its identification. The parts that play a significant role with regard to the results of the tests shall be described and their identification number reported.
- (d) At the request of an applicant, a test report delivered for a system related to a particular vehicle may be presented repeatedly either by the same or another applicant for the purposes of individual approval of another vehicle. In such a case, the approval authority shall ensure that the technical characteristics of the vehicle are properly inspected against the test report. Inspection of the vehicle and the documentation accompanying the test report shall demonstrate that the vehicle for which an individual approval is sought has the same characteristics as the vehicle described in the report.
- (e) Only authenticated copies of a test report may be submitted.
- (f) Test reports referred to in point (d) do not include the reports drawn up in order to grant the individual vehicle approval.
2.5. In the individual vehicle approval procedure each particular vehicle shall be inspected physically by the technical service.
No exemption to this principle shall be permitted.
2.6. Where the approval authority is satisfied that the vehicle meets the technical requirements specified in this Appendix and conforms to the description included in the application, it shall grant approval in accordance with Article 44.
2.7. The certificate of approval shall be drafted in accordance with Article 44.
2.8. The approval authority shall keep record of all approvals granted under Article 44.
3. REVIEW OF THE TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
The list of the technical requirements included in point 4 shall be regularly reviewed in order to take account of the results of the harmonisation work in progress at the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29) in Geneva and legislative developments in the third countries.
4. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
Part I: Vehicles belonging to category M1
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