Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 of 24 May 2019 on the rules and procedures for the operation of unmanned aircraft (Text with EEA relevance.)

• (2) Before starting an UAS operation, the remote pilot shall comply with all of the following:
• (a) obtain updated information relevant to the intended operation about any geographical zones defined in accordance with Article 15;
• (b) ensure that the operating environment is compatible with the authorised or declared limitations and conditions;
• (c) ensure that the UAS is in a safe condition to complete the intended flight safely, and if applicable, check if the direct remote identification is active and up-to-date;
• (d) ensure that the information about the operation has been made available to the relevant air traffic service (ATS) unit, other airspace users and relevant stakeholders, as required by the operational authorisation or by the conditions published by the Member State for the geographical zone of operation in accordance with Article 15.

• (3) During the flight, the remote pilot shall:
• (a) comply with the authorised or declared limitations and conditions;
• (b) avoid any risk of collision with any manned aircraft and discontinue a flight when continuing it may pose a risk to other aircraft, people, animals, environment or property;
• (c) comply with the operational limitations in geographical zones defined in accordance with Article 15;
• (d) comply with the operator’s procedures;
• (e) not fly close to or inside areas where an emergency response effort is ongoing unless they have permission to do so from the responsible emergency response services.

UAS.SPEC.070 Transferability of an operational authorisation

An operational authorisation is not transferable.

UAS.SPEC.080 Duration and validity of an operational authorisation

• (1)The competent authority shall specify the duration of the operational authorisation in the authorisation itself.

• (2)Notwithstanding point (1), the operational authorisation remains valid as long as the UAS operator remains compliant with the relevant requirements of this Regulation and with the conditions defined in the operational authorisation.

• (3)Upon revocation or surrender of the operational authorisation the UAS operator shall provide an acknowledgment in digital format that must be returned to the competent authority without delay.

UAS.SPEC.085 Duration and validity of an operational declaration:

The operational declaration shall have a limited duration of 2 years. The declaration shall no longer be considered as complete within the meaning of point (4) of point UAS.SPEC.020 if:

• (1) during the oversight of the UAS operator, the competent authority has found that the UAS operation is not conducted in accordance with the operational declaration;

• (2) the conditions of the UAS operation have changed to the extent that the operational declaration no longer complies with the applicable requirements of this Regulation;

• (3) the competent authority is not granted access in accordance with point UAS.SPEC.090.

UAS.SPEC.090 Access

For the purpose of demonstrating compliance with this Regulation, an UAS operator shall grant to any person, that is duly authorised by the competent authority, an access to any facility, UAS, document, records, data, procedures or to any other material relevant to its activity, which is subject to operational authorisation or operational declaration, regardless of whether or not its activity is contracted or subcontracted to another organisation.

UAS.SPEC.100 Use of certified equipment and certified unmanned aircraft

• (1) Where the UAS operator uses an unmanned aircraft for which a certificate of airworthiness or a restricted certificate of airworthiness has been issued, the UAS operator shall ensure that the unmanned aircraft system complies with Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/1107;

• (2) Where the UAS operator uses certified equipment on an unmanned aircraft for which neither a certificate of airworthiness nor a restricted certificate of airworthiness have been issued, the UAS operator shall carry out all of the following tasks:
• (i) record the operation or service time in accordance with either the instructions or procedures applicable to the certified equipment;
• (ii) follow the instructions referred to in the equipment certificate, and also comply with any applicable airworthiness directives issued by the Agency;
• (iii) implement any safety measures mandated by the competent authority in accordance with Article 19(4);
• (iv) use any relevant mandatory safety information issued by the Agency.

PART C

LIGHT UAS OPERATOR CERTIFICATE (LUC)

UAS.LUC.010 General requirements for an LUC

• (1)A legal person is eligible to apply for an LUC under this Part.

• (2)An application for an LUC or for an amendment to an existing LUC shall be submitted to the competent authority and shall contain all of the following information:

• (a) a description of the UAS operator’s management system, including its organisational structure and safety management system;

• (b) the name(s) of the responsible UAS operator’s personnel, including the person responsible for authorising operations with UASs;

• (c) a statement that all the documentation submitted to the competent authority has been verified by the applicant and found to comply with the applicable requirements.

• (3)If the requirements of this Part are met, an LUC holder may be granted the privileges, in accordance with point UAS.LUC.060.

UAS.LUC.020 Responsibilities of the LUC holder

The LUC holder shall:

• (1) comply with the requirements of points UAS.SPEC.050 and UAS.SPEC.060;

• (2) comply with the scope and privileges defined in the terms of approval;

• (3) establish and maintain a system for exercising operational control over any operation conducted under the terms of its LUC;

• (4) carry out an operational risk assessment of the intended operation in accordance with Article 11 unless conducting an operation for which an operational declaration is sufficient according to point UAS.SPEC.020,

• (5) keep records of the following items in a manner that ensures protection from damage, alteration and theft for a period at least 3 years for operations conducted using the privileges specified under point UAS.LUC.060:
• (a) the operational risk assessment, when required according to point (4), and its supporting documentation;
• (b) mitigation measures taken; and
• (c) the qualifications and experience of personnel involved in the UAS operation, compliance monitoring and safety management;

• (6) keep personnel records referred to in point (5)(c) as long as the person works for the organisation and shall be retained until 3 years after the person has left the organisation.

UAS.LUC.030 Safety management system

• (1)An UAS operator who applies for an LUC shall establish, implement and maintain a safety management system corresponding to the size of the organisation, to the nature and complexity of its activities, taking into account the hazards and associated risks inherent in these activities.

• (2)The UAS operator shall comply with all of the following:

• (a) nominate an accountable manager with authority for ensuring that within the organisation all activities are performed in accordance with the applicable standards and that the organisation is continuously in compliance with the requirements of the management system and the procedures identified in the LUC manual referred to in point UAS.LUC.040;

• (b) define clear lines of responsibility and accountability throughout the organisation;

• (c) establish and maintain a safety policy and related corresponding safety objectives;

• (d) appoint key safety personnel to execute the safety policy;

• (e) establish and maintain a safety risk management process including the identification of safety hazards associated with the activities of the UAS operator, as well as their evaluation and the management of associated risks, including taking action to mitigate those risks and verify the effectiveness of the action;

• (f) promote safety in the organisation through:
• (i) training and education;
• (ii) communication;

• (g) document all safety management system key processes for making personnel aware of their responsibilities and of the procedure for amending this documentation; key processes include:
• (i) safety reporting and internal investigations;
• (ii) operational control;
• (iii) communication on safety;
• (iv) training and safety promotion;
• (v) compliance monitoring;
• (vi) safety risk management;
• (vii) management of change;
• (viii) interface between organisations;
• (ix) use of sub-contractors and partners;

• (h) include an independent function to monitor the compliance and adequacy of the fulfilment of the relevant requirements of this Regulation, including a system to provide feedback of findings to the accountable manager to ensure effective implementation of corrective measures as necessary;

• (i) include a function to ensure that safety risks inherent to a service or product delivered through subcontractors are assessed and mitigated under the operator’s safety management system.

• (3)If the organisation holds other organisation certificates within the scope of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, the safety management system of the UAS operator may be integrated with the safety management system that is required by any of those additional certificate(s).

UAS.LUC.040 LUC manual

• (1)An LUC holder shall provide the competent authority with an LUC manual describing directly or by cross reference its organisation, the relevant procedures and the activities carried out.

• (2)The manual shall contain a statement signed by the accountable manager that confirms that the organisation will at all times work in accordance with this Regulation and with the approved LUC manual. When the accountable Manager is not the Chief Executive Officer of the organisation, the chief executive officer shall countersign the statement.

• (3)If any activity is carried out by partner organisations or subcontractors, the UAS operator shall include in the LUC manual procedures on how the LUC holder shall manage the relationship with those partner organisations or subcontractors.

• (4)The LUC manual shall be amended as necessary to retain an up-to-date description of the LUC holder’s organisation, and copies of amendments shall be provided to the competent authority.

• (5)The UAS operator shall distribute the relevant parts of the LUC manual to all its personnel in accordance with their functions and duties.

UAS.LUC.050 Terms of approval of the LUC holder

• (1)The competent authority shall issue an LUC after it is satisfied that the UAS operator complies with points UAS.LUC.020, UAS.LUC.030 and UAS.LUC.040.

• (2)The LUC shall include:

• (a) the UAS operator identification;

• (b) the UAS operator’s privileges;

• (c) authorised type(s) of operation;

• (d) the authorised area, zone or class of airspace for operations, if applicable;

• (e) any special limitations or conditions, if applicable;

UAS.LUC.060 Privileges of the LUC holder

When satisfied with the documentation provided, the competent authority:

• (1) shall specify the terms and conditions of the privilege granted to the UAS operator in the LUC; and

• (2) may, within the terms of approval, grant to an LUC holder the privilege to authorise its own operations without:
• (a) submitting an operational declaration;
• (b) applying for an operational authorisation.

UAS.LUC.070 Changes in the LUC management system

After an LUC is issued, the following changes require prior approval by the competent authority:

• (1) any change in the terms of approval of the UAS operator;

• (2) any significant change to the elements of the LUC holder’s safety management system as required by point UAS.LUC.030.

UAS.LUC.075 Transferability of an LUC

Except for the change to the ownership of the organisation, approved by the competent authority in accordance with point UAS.LUC.070, an LUC is not transferable.

UAS.LUC.080 Duration and validity of an LUC

• (1)An LUC shall be issued for an unlimited duration. It shall remain valid subject to:

• (a) the LUC holder’s continuous compliance with the relevant requirements of this Regulation and of the Member State that issued the certificate; and

• (b) it not being surrendered or revoked.

• (2)Upon revocation or surrender of an LUC, the LUC holder shall provide an acknowledgment in digital format that must be returned to the competent authority without delay.

UAS.LUC.090 Access

For the purpose of demonstrating compliance with this Regulation, the LUC holder shall grant any person, that is duly authorised by the competent authority, an access to any facility, UAS, document, records, data, procedures or to any other material relevant to its activity, which is subject to certification, operational authorisation or operational declaration, regardless of whether or not its activity is contracted or subcontracted to another organisation.

Appendix 1

for standard scenarios supporting a declaration

CHAPTER I

STS-01 – VLOS over a controlled ground area in a populated environment

UAS.STS-01.010 General provisions

• (1)During flight, the unmanned aircraft shall be maintained within 120 m from the closest point of the surface of the earth. The measurement of distances shall be adapted accordingly to the geographical characteristics of the terrain, such as plains, hills, mountains.

• (2)When flying an unmanned aircraft within a horizontal distance of 50 m from an artificial obstacle taller than 105 metres, the maximum height of the UAS operation may be increased up to 15 m above the height of the obstacle at the request of the entity responsible for the obstacle.

• (3)The maximum height of the operational volume shall not exceed 30 m above the maximum height allowed in points (1) and (2).

• (4)During flight, the unmanned aircraft shall not carry dangerous goods.

UAS.STS-01.020 UAS operations in STS-01

• (1)UAS operations in STS-01 shall meet all of the following conditions:

• (a) be conducted with the unmanned aircraft kept in VLOS at all times;

• (b) be conducted in accordance with the operations manual referred to in point (1) of point UAS.STS-01.030;

• (c) be conducted over a controlled ground area comprising:
• (i) for the operation of an untethered unmanned aircraft:
• (A) the flight geography area;
• (B) the contingency area, with its external limit(s) at least 10 m beyond the limit(s) of the flight geography area; and
• (C) the ground risk buffer, which shall cover a distance beyond the external limit(s) of the contingency area that meets at least the following parameters: Minimum distance to be covered by the ground risk buffer for untethered unmanned aircraft Maximum height above ground with an MTOM up to 10 kg with an MTOM above 10 kg 30 m 10 m 20 m 60 m 15 m 30 m 90 m 20 m 45 m 120 m 25 m 60 m
• (ii) for operation of a tethered unmanned aircraft, a radius equal to the tether length plus 5 m and centred on the point where the tether is fixed over the surface of the earth.

• (d) be conducted at a ground speed of less than 5 m/s in the case of untethered unmanned aircraft;

• (e) be conducted by a remote pilot who:
• (i) holds a certificate of remote pilot theoretical knowledge in accordance with Attachment A to this Chapter for operations in the standard scenarios issued by the competent authority or by an entity designated by the competent authority of a Member State;
• (ii) holds an accreditation of completion of the STS-01 practical skill training, in accordance with Attachment A to this Chapter and issued by:
• (A) an entity that has declared compliance with the requirements in Appendix 3 and is recognised by the competent authority of a Member State; or
• (B) an UAS operator that has declared to the competent authority of the Member State of registration, compliance with STS-01 and that has declared compliance with the requirements in Appendix 3; and

• (f) be conducted with an unmanned aircraft which is marked as class C5 and complies with the requirements of that class, as defined in Part 16 of the Annex to Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945, and is operated with active and updated direct remote identification system.

• (2)The remote pilot shall obtain the certificate of theoretical knowledge for operations in the standard scenarios after:

• (a) having completed an online training course and passed the online theoretical knowledge examination as referred to in point (4)(b) of point UAS.OPEN.020; and

• (b) having passed an additional theoretical knowledge examination provided by the competent authority or by an entity designated by the competent authority of a Member State in accordance with Attachment A to this Chapter.

• (3)This certificate shall be valid for five years. The revalidation, within its validity period is subject to any of the following:

• (a) the demonstration of competencies in accordance with point (2);

• (b) the completion of a refresher training addressing the theoretical knowledge subjects as defined in point (2) provided by the competent authority or by an entity designated by the competent authority.

• (4)In order to revalidate the certificate upon its expiration, the remote pilot shall comply with point (2).

UAS.STS-01.030 Responsibilities of the UAS operator

In addition to the responsibilities defined in UAS.SPEC.050, the UAS operator shall:

• (1) develop an operations manual including the elements defined in Appendix 5;

• (2) define the operational volume and ground risk buffer for the intended operations, including the controlled ground area covering the projections on the surface of the earth within both the volume and the buffer;

• (3) ensure the adequacy of the contingency and emergency procedures through any of the following:
• (a) dedicated flight tests;
• (b) simulations, provided that the representativeness of the simulation means is appropriate for the intended purpose;

• (4) develop an effective emergency response plan (ERP) suitable for the operation that includes at least:
• (a) the plan to limit any escalating effects of the emergency situation;
• (b) the conditions to alert the relevant authorities and organisations;
• (c) the criteria to identify an emergency situation;
• (d) clear delineation of the duties of the remote pilot(s) and any other personnel in charge of duties essential to the UAS operation;

• (5) ensure that the level of performance for any externally provided service necessary for the safety of the flight is adequate for the intended operation;

• (6) define the allocation of the roles and responsibilities between the operator and the external service provider(s), if applicable;

• (7) upload updated information into the geo-awareness, if the function is installed on the UAS, when required by the UAS geographical zone for the intended location of operation;

• (8) ensure that, before starting the operation, the controlled ground area is in place, effective and compliant with the minimum distance defined in point UAS.STS-01.020(1)(C)(i)(C) and, when required, coordination with the appropriate authorities has been conducted;

• (9) ensure that, before starting the operation, all persons present in the controlled ground area:
• (a) have been informed of the risks of the operation;
• (b) have been briefed or trained, as appropriate, on the safety precautions and measures established by the UAS operator for their protection; and
• (c) have explicitly agreed to participate in the operation;

• (10) ensure that:
• (a) the UAS is accompanied by the corresponding EU declaration(s) of conformity, including the reference to class C5 or reference to class C3 and to the accessories kit; and
• (b) the class C5 identification label is affixed to the unmanned aircraft or to the accessories kit.

UAS.STS-01.040 Responsibilities of the remote pilot

In addition to the responsibilities defined in UAS.SPEC.060, the remote pilot:

• (1) before starting an UAS operation, shall verify that the means to terminate the flight of the unmanned aircraft are operational and check if the direct remote identification is active and up-to-date;

• (2) during the flight:
• (a) shall keep the unmanned aircraft in VLOS and maintain a thorough airspace scan of the airspace surrounding the unmanned aircraft in order to avoid any risk of a collision with any manned aircraft. The remote pilot shall discontinue the flight if the operation poses a risk to other aircraft, people, animals, environment or property;
• (b) for the purposes of point (a), may be assisted by an unmanned aircraft observer. In such case, clear and effective communication shall be established between the remote pilot and the unmanned aircraft observer;
• (c) shall have the ability to maintain control of the unmanned aircraft, except in the case of a lost command and control (C2) link;
• (d) shall operate only one unmanned aircraft at a time;
• (e) shall not operate the unmanned aircraft from a moving vehicle;
• (f) shall not hand over the control of the unmanned aircraft to another CMU;
• (g) shall perform the contingency procedures defined by the UAS operator for abnormal situations, including when the remote pilot has an indication that the unmanned aircraft may exceed the limits of the flight geography; and
• (h) shall perform the emergency procedures defined by the UAS operator for emergency situations, including triggering the means to terminate the flight when the remote pilot has an indication that the unmanned aircraft may exceed the limits of the operational volume.

ATTACHMENT A: REMOTE PILOT THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICAL SKILL EXAMINATION FOR STS-01

(1) Theoretical knowledge examination

• (a) The examination referred in point (2)(b) of point UAS.STS-01.020 shall comprise at least 40 multiple-choice questions aimed at assessing the remote pilot’s knowledge of the technical and operational mitigations, distributed appropriately across the following subjects:
• (i) aviation regulations;
• (ii) human performance limitations;
• (iii) operational procedures;
• (iv) technical and operational mitigations for ground risk;
• (v) UAS general knowledge;
• (vi) meteorology;
• (vii) the flight performance of the UAS; and
• (viii) technical and operational mitigations for air risks.

• (b) If the student remote pilot already holds a certificate of remote pilot competency as referred to in point (2) of point UAS.OPEN.030, the examination shall comprise at least 30 multiple-choice questions distributed appropriately across the subjects in points (1)(a)(i) to (1)(a)(v).

• (c) To pass the theoretical knowledge examination, the remote pilot student shall achieve at least 75 % of the overall marks.

(2) Practical skill training and assessment

The training and assessment of the practical skill for operations under any standard scenario shall cover at least the subjects and areas identified in Table 1:

Table 1

Subjects and areas to be covered for practical skill training and assessment

Subject	Areas to be covered
(a) Pre-flight actions	(i) Operation planning, airspace considerations and site risk assessment. The following points are to be included: (A) identify the objectives of the intended operation; (B) make sure that the defined operational volume and relevant buffers (e.g. ground risk buffer) are suitable for the intended operation; (C) spot the obstacles in the operational volume that could hinder the intended operation; (D) identify whether the wind speed and/or direction may be affected by topography or by obstacles in the operational volume; (E) select relevant data on airspace information (including on UAS geographical zones) that can have an impact on the intended operation; (F) make sure the UAS is suitable for the intended operation; (G) make sure that the selected payload is compatible with the UAS used for the operation; (H) implement the necessary measures to comply with the limitations and conditions applicable to the operational volume and ground risk buffer for the intended operation in accordance with the operations manual procedures for the relevant scenario; (I) implement the necessary procedures to operate in controlled airspace, including a protocol to communicate with ATC and obtain clearance and instructions, if necessary; (J) confirm that all the necessary documents for the intended operation are on site; and (K) brief all participants about the planned operation. (ii) UAS pre-flight inspection and set-up (including flight modes and power-source hazards). The following points are to be included: (A) assess the general condition of the UAS; (B) ensure that all the removable components of the UAS are properly secured; (C) make sure that the UAS software configurations are compatible; (D) calibrate the instruments in the UAS; (E) identify any flaw that may jeopardise the intended operation; (F) make sure that the energy level of the battery is sufficient for the intended operation; (G) make sure that the flight termination system of the UAS and its triggering system are operational; (H) check the correct functioning of the command and control link; (I) activate the geo-awareness function and upload the information to it (if geo-awareness function is available); and (J) set the height and speed limitation systems (if available). (iii) Knowledge of the basic actions to be taken in the event of an emergency situation, including issues with the UAS, or if a mid-air collision hazard arises during the flight.
(b) In-flight procedures	(i) Maintain an effective look-out and keep the unmanned aircraft within visual line of sight (VLOS) at all times to include: situational awareness of the location in relation to the operational volume and other airspace users, obstacles, terrain and persons who are not involved at all times. (ii) Perform accurate and controlled flight manoeuvres at different heights and distances representative of the corresponding STS (including flight in manual/non-GNSS assisted mode or the equivalent, where fitted). At least the following manoeuvres shall be performed: (A) hover in position (only for rotorcraft); (B) transition from hover into forward flight (only for rotorcraft); (C) climb and descent from level flight; (D) turns in level flight; (E) speed control in level flight; (F) actions after a failure of a motor/ propulsion system; and (G) evasive action (manoeuvres) to avoid collisions (iii) Real-time monitoring of the UAS status and endurance limitations. Flight under abnormal conditions: (A) manage a partial or complete power shortage of the unmanned aircraft propulsion system while ensuring the safety of third parties on the ground; (B) manage the path of the unmanned aircraft in abnormal situations; (C) manage a situation in which the unmanned aircraft positioning equipment is impaired; (D) manage a situation of an incursion by a person not involved into the operational volume or the controlled ground area, and take appropriate measures to maintain safety; (E) react to, and take the appropriate corrective actions for a situations where the unmanned aircraft is likely to exceed the limit of the flight geography (contingency procedures) and from the operational volume (emergency procedures) as defined during the flight preparation; (F) manage the situation when an aircraft approaches the operational volume; and (G) demonstrate the recovery method following a deliberate (simulated) loss of the command and control link.
(c) Post-flight actions	(i) Shut down and secure the UAS. (ii) Post-flight inspection and recording of any relevant data relating to the general condition of the UAS (its systems, components and power sources) and crew fatigue. (iii) Conduct a debriefing about the operation. (iv) Identify situations when an occurrence report was necessary and complete the required occurrence report.

CHAPTER II

STS-02 – BVLOS with Airspace Observers over a controlled ground area in a sparsely populated environment

UAS.STS-02.010 General provisions

• (1)During flight, the unmanned aircraft shall be maintained within 120 m from the closest point of the surface of the earth. The measurement of distances shall be adapted according to the geographical characteristics of the terrain, such as plains, hills, mountains.

• (2)When flying an unmanned aircraft within a horizontal distance of 50 m from an artificial obstacle taller than 105 m, the maximum height of the UAS operation may be increased up to 15 m above the height of the obstacle at the request of the entity responsible for the obstacle.

• (3)The maximum height of the operational volume shall not exceed 30 m above the maximum height allowed in points (1) and (2).

• (4)During flight, the unmanned aircraft shall not carry dangerous goods.

UAS.STS-02.020 UAS operations in STS-02

UAS operations in STS-02 shall be conducted:

• (1) in accordance with the operations manual referred to in point (1) of point UAS.STS-02.030;

• (2) over a controlled ground area entirely located in a sparsely populated environment including:
• (a) the flight geography area,
• (b) the contingency, which its external limit(s) shall be located at least 10 m beyond the limit(s) of the flight geography area,
• (c) a ground risk buffer covering a distance that is at least equal to the distance most likely to be travelled by the UA after activation of the means to terminate the flight specified by the UAS manufacturer in manufacturer’s instructions, considering the operational conditions within the limitations specified by the UAS manufacturer;

• (3) in an area where the minimum flight visibility is more than 5 km;

• (4) with the unmanned aircraft in sight of the remote pilot during the launch and recovery of the unmanned aircraft, unless the latter is the result of an emergency flight termination;

• (5) if no airspace observer is used in the operation, with the unmanned aircraft flying no further than 1 km from the remote pilot, with the unmanned aircraft following a pre-programmed trajectory when the unmanned aircraft is not in VLOS of the remote pilot;

• (6) if one or more airspace observers are used in the operation, it shall comply with all of the following conditions:
• (a) the airspace observer(s) are positioned in a manner allowing for an adequate coverage of the operational volume and the surrounding airspace with the minimum flight visibility indicated in point (3);
• (b) the unmanned aircraft is operated no further than 2 km from the remote pilot;
• (c) the unmanned aircraft is operated no further than 1 km from the airspace observer who is nearest to the unmanned aircraft;
• (d) the distance between any airspace observer and the remote pilot is not more than 1 km;
• (e) robust and effective communication means are available for the communication between the remote pilot and the airspace observer(s);

• (7) by a remote pilot who holds:
• (a) a certificate of remote pilot theoretical knowledge for operations in standard scenarios, issued by the competent authority or by an entity designated by the competent authority of a Member State;
• (b) an accreditation of completion of the STS-02 practical skill training, in accordance with Attachment A to this Chapter and issued by:
• (A) an entity that has declared compliance with the requirements in Appendix 3 and is recognised by the competent authority of a Member State; or
• (B) by an UAS operator that has declared to the competent authority of the Member State of registration, compliance with STS-02 and that has declared compliance with the requirements in Appendix 3;

• (8) with an unmanned aircraft which complies with all of the following conditions:
• (a) is marked as class C6 and complies with the requirements of that class, as defined in Part 17 of the Annex to Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945;
• (b) is operated with an active system to prevent the unmanned aircraft from breaching the flight geography;
• (c) is operated with active and updated direct remote identification system.

• (9) The remote pilot shall obtain the certificate of theoretical knowledge for operations in the standard scenarios after:
• (a) having completed an online training course and passed the online theoretical knowledge examination as referred to in point (4)(b) of point UAS.OPEN.020; and
• (b) having passed an additional theoretical knowledge examination provided by the competent authority or by an entity designated by the competent authority of a Member State in accordance with Attachment A to this Chapter.

• (10) This certificate shall be valid for five years. The revalidation, within its validity period is subject to any of the following:
• (a) the demonstration of competencies in accordance with point (9);
• (b) the completion of a refresher training addressing the theoretical knowledge subjects as defined in point (9) provided by the competent authority or by an entity designated by the competent authority;

• (11) In order to revalidate the certificate upon its expiration, the remote pilot shall comply with point (9).

UAS.STS-02.030 Responsibilities of the UAS operator

In addition to the responsibilities defined in UAS.SPEC.050, the UAS operator shall:

• (1) develop an operations manual including the elements defined in Appendix 5;

• (2) define the operational volume and ground risk buffer for the intended operations, including the controlled ground area covering the projections on the surface of the earth of both the volume and the buffer;

• (3) ensure the adequacy of the contingency and emergency procedures through any of the following:
• (a) dedicated flight tests;
• (b) simulations, provided that the representativeness of the simulation means is appropriate for the intended purpose;

• (4) develop an effective emergency response plan (ERP) suitable for the operation that includes at least:
• (a) the plan to limit the escalating effects of the emergency situation;
• (b) the conditions to alert the relevant authorities and organisations;
• (c) the criteria to identify an emergency situation;
• (d) clear delineation of the duties of the remote pilot(s) and any other personnel in charge of duties essential to the UAS operation;

• (5) ensure that the level of performance for any externally provided service necessary for the safety of the flight is adequate for the intended operation;

• (6) define the allocation of the roles and responsibilities between the operator and the external service provider(s), if applicable;

• (7) upload updated information into the geo-awareness, if the function is installed on the UAS, when required by the UAS geographical zone for the intended location of the operation;

• (8) ensure that, before starting the operation, all appropriate measures to reduce the risk of intrusion of uninvolved persons in the controlled ground area compliant with the minimum distance defined in point UAS.STS-02.020(2) have been taken and, when required, coordination with the appropriate authorities has been conducted;

• (9) ensure that, before starting the operation, all persons present in the controlled ground area:
• (a) have been informed of the risks of the operation;
• (b) have been briefed and, if applicable, trained on the safety precautions and measures established by the UAS operator for their protection; and
• (c) have explicitly agreed to participate in the operation;

• (10) before starting the operation, if airspace observers are used:
• (a) ensure the correct placement and number of airspace observers along the intended flight path;
• (b) verify:
• (i) that the visibility and the planned distance of the airspace observer are within acceptable limits as defined in the operations manual;
• (ii) the absence of potential terrain obstructions for each airspace observer;
• (iii) that there are no gaps between the zones covered by each of the airspace observers;
• (iv) that the communication with each airspace observer is established and effective;
• (v) that if means are used by the airspace observers to determine the position of the unmanned aircraft, those means are functioning and effective;
• (c) ensure that the airspace observers have been briefed on the intended path of the unmanned aircraft and the associated timing;

• (11) ensure that:
• (a) the UAS is accompanied by the corresponding EU declaration of conformity, including the reference to class C6;
• (b) the class C6 identification label is affixed to the unmanned aircraft.

UAS.STS-02.040 Responsibilities of the remote pilot

In addition to the responsibilities defined in UAS.SPEC.060, the remote pilot shall:

• (1) before starting an UAS operation:
• (a) set the programmable flight volume of the unmanned aircraft to keep it within the flight geography;
• (b) verify that the means to terminate the flight and the programmable operational volume functionality of the unmanned aircraft are operational; and, check if the direct remote identification is active and up-to-date.

• (2) during flight:
• (a) unless supported by airspace observers, maintain a thorough airspace scan of the airspace surrounding the unmanned aircraft in order to avoid any risk of a collision with any manned aircraft. The remote pilot shall discontinue the flight if the operation poses a risk to other aircraft, people, animals, environment or property;
• (b) have the ability to maintain control of the unmanned aircraft, except in the case of a lost command and control (C2) link;
• (c) operate only one unmanned aircraft at a time;
• (d) not operate the unmanned aircraft from a moving vehicle;
• (e) shall not hand over the control of the unmanned aircraft to another CMU;
• (f) inform the airspace observer(s), when employed, in a timely manner of any deviations of the unmanned aircraft from the intended path, and the associated timing;
• (g) perform the contingency procedures defined by the UAS operator for abnormal situations, including when the remote pilot has indication that the unmanned aircraft may exceed the limits of the flight geography;
• (h) perform the emergency procedures defined by the UAS operator for emergency situations, including triggering the means to terminate the flight when the remote pilot has an indication that the unmanned aircraft may exceed the limits of the operational volume.

UAS.STS-02.050 Responsibilities of the airspace observer

An airspace observer shall:

• (1) maintain a thorough airspace scan of the airspace surrounding the unmanned aircraft in order to identify any risk of a collision with any manned aircraft;

• (2) maintain awareness of the position of the unmanned aircraft through direct airspace observation or through assistance provided by electronic means;

• (3) alert the remote pilot when a hazard is detected and assist in avoiding or minimising the potential negative effects.

ATTACHMENT A: REMOTE PILOT THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICAL SKILL FOR STS-02

1. Theoretical knowledge examination

The examination shall be defined in accordance with point 1 of Attachment A to Chapter I.

2. Practical skill training and assessment

In addition to the areas defined in point A.2 of Attachment A to Chapter I, the following areas shall be covered:

Table 1

Additional subjects and areas to be covered for practical skill training and assessment for STS-02

Subject

Areas to be covered

(a) BVLOS operations conducted under STS-02

(i) Pre-flight actions — operation planning, airspace considerations and site risk-assessment. The following points are to be included: (A) airspace scanning; (B) operations with airspace observers (AOs): adequate placement of AOs, and a deconfliction scheme that includes phraseology, coordination and communications means; (ii) The in-flight procedures, defined in point 2.(b)(ii) of Attachment A to Chapter I, shall be performed in both VLOS and BVLOS.

Appendix 2

Operational declaration

Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source	Operational declaration	Operational declaration	Operational declaration	Operational declaration
Data protection: Personal data included in this declaration is processed by the competent authority pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). It will be processed for the purposes of the performance, management and follow up of the oversight activities according to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947. If you require further information concerning the processing of your personal data or you wish to exercise your rights (e.g. to access or rectify any inaccurate or incomplete data), please refer to the contact point of the competent authority. The applicant has the right to make a complaint regarding the processing of the personal data at any time to the national Data Protection Supervisory Authority.	Data protection: Personal data included in this declaration is processed by the competent authority pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). It will be processed for the purposes of the performance, management and follow up of the oversight activities according to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947. If you require further information concerning the processing of your personal data or you wish to exercise your rights (e.g. to access or rectify any inaccurate or incomplete data), please refer to the contact point of the competent authority. The applicant has the right to make a complaint regarding the processing of the personal data at any time to the national Data Protection Supervisory Authority.	Data protection: Personal data included in this declaration is processed by the competent authority pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). It will be processed for the purposes of the performance, management and follow up of the oversight activities according to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947. If you require further information concerning the processing of your personal data or you wish to exercise your rights (e.g. to access or rectify any inaccurate or incomplete data), please refer to the contact point of the competent authority. The applicant has the right to make a complaint regarding the processing of the personal data at any time to the national Data Protection Supervisory Authority.	Data protection: Personal data included in this declaration is processed by the competent authority pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). It will be processed for the purposes of the performance, management and follow up of the oversight activities according to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947. If you require further information concerning the processing of your personal data or you wish to exercise your rights (e.g. to access or rectify any inaccurate or incomplete data), please refer to the contact point of the competent authority. The applicant has the right to make a complaint regarding the processing of the personal data at any time to the national Data Protection Supervisory Authority.	Data protection: Personal data included in this declaration is processed by the competent authority pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). It will be processed for the purposes of the performance, management and follow up of the oversight activities according to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947. If you require further information concerning the processing of your personal data or you wish to exercise your rights (e.g. to access or rectify any inaccurate or incomplete data), please refer to the contact point of the competent authority. The applicant has the right to make a complaint regarding the processing of the personal data at any time to the national Data Protection Supervisory Authority.	Data protection: Personal data included in this declaration is processed by the competent authority pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). It will be processed for the purposes of the performance, management and follow up of the oversight activities according to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947. If you require further information concerning the processing of your personal data or you wish to exercise your rights (e.g. to access or rectify any inaccurate or incomplete data), please refer to the contact point of the competent authority. The applicant has the right to make a complaint regarding the processing of the personal data at any time to the national Data Protection Supervisory Authority.
UAS operator registration number	UAS operator registration number	UAS operator registration number
UAS operator name	UAS operator name	UAS operator name
UAS manufacturer	UAS manufacturer	UAS manufacturer
UAS model	UAS model	UAS model
UAS Serial number	UAS Serial number	UAS Serial number
I hereby declare that: — I comply with all the applicable provisions of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 and with STS.x; and — appropriate insurance cover will be in place for every flight made under the declaration, if required by Union or national law.	I hereby declare that: — I comply with all the applicable provisions of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 and with STS.x; and — appropriate insurance cover will be in place for every flight made under the declaration, if required by Union or national law.	I hereby declare that: — I comply with all the applicable provisions of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 and with STS.x; and — appropriate insurance cover will be in place for every flight made under the declaration, if required by Union or national law.	I hereby declare that: — I comply with all the applicable provisions of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 and with STS.x; and — appropriate insurance cover will be in place for every flight made under the declaration, if required by Union or national law.	I hereby declare that: — I comply with all the applicable provisions of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 and with STS.x; and — appropriate insurance cover will be in place for every flight made under the declaration, if required by Union or national law.	I hereby declare that: — I comply with all the applicable provisions of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 and with STS.x; and — appropriate insurance cover will be in place for every flight made under the declaration, if required by Union or national law.
Date				Signature or other verification

Appendix 3

Additional requirements for entities recognised by the competent authority and UAS operators that conduct practical skill training and assessment of remote pilots for operations covered by STS

An entity that intends to be recognised by the competent authority for conducting practical skill training and assessment of remote pilots for an STS, shall declare to the competent authority compliance with the following requirements using the declaration form in Appendix 6.

An UAS operator that intends to conduct practical skill training and assessment of remote pilots for an STS, in addition to submitting the operational declaration for that STS, shall declare to the competent authority compliance with the following requirements using the declaration form in Appendix 4.

If the competent authority or the UAS operator intends to conduct practical skill training and assessment of remote pilots for an STS in a Member State other than the Member State of registration, a copy of the declaration form in Appendix 4 shall be submitted to the competent authority of the Member State where the training is conducted.

If an entity recognised by the competent authority intends to conduct practical skill training and assessment of remote pilots for an STS in a Member State other than the Member State of recognition, a proof of the recognition shall be submitted to the competent authority of the Member State where the training is conducted.

• (1)The entity recognised by the competent authority or the UAS operator shall ensure a clear separation between the training activities and any other operational activity to guarantee the independence of the evaluation.

• (2)The entity recognised by the competent authority or the UAS operator shall have the capability to adequately perform the technical and administrative activities linked with the entire task process, including the adequacy of personnel and the use of facilities and equipment appropriate to the task.

• (3)The entity recognised by the competent authority or the UAS operator shall have an accountable manager, with the responsibility for ensuring that all tasks are performed in compliance with the information and procedures identified in point (8).

• (4)The personnel responsible for the practical skill training and practical skill assessment tasks shall:

• (a) have the competence to conduct these tasks;

• (b) be impartial and shall not participate in assessments if they feel that their objectivity may be affected;

• (c) have a sound theoretical knowledge and practical skill training experience, and satisfactory knowledge of the requirements for the practical skill assessment tasks they carry out as well as adequate experience of such processes;

• (d) have the ability to administer the declarations, records and reports that demonstrate that the relevant practical skill assessments have been carried out and to draw the conclusions of those practical skill assessments; and

• (e) not disclose any information supplied by the operator or remote pilot to any person other than the competent authority upon their request.

• (5)The training and assessment shall cover the practical skills corresponding to the STS for which the declaration is made, included in Attachment A to the relevant Chapter.

• (6)The practical skill training and assessment location(s) shall be conducted in an environment representative of the conditions of the STS.

• (7)The practical skill assessment shall consist of a continuous evaluation of the student remote pilot.

• (8)The entity recognised by the competent authority or the UAS operator shall produce an assessment report after completing the practical skill assessment, which shall:

• (a) include at least:
• (i) the student remote pilot’s identification details;
• (ii) the identity of the person responsible for the practical skill assessment;
• (iii) the identification of the STS for which the practical skill assessment has been performed;
• (iv) performance marks for each action performed by the student remote pilot;
• (v) an overall practical skill assessment of the student remote pilot’s competencies; and
• (vi) practical skill assessment feedback providing guidance on areas for improvement where applicable;

• (b) be appropriately signed and dated by the person responsible for the practical skill assessment once complete; and

• (c) be recorded and made available for inspection by the competent authority upon request.

• (9)An accreditation of completion of the practical skill training for the STS shall be delivered to the student remote pilot by entity recognised by the competent authority or the UAS operator if the assessment report concludes that the student remote pilot has achieved a satisfactory level of practical skill.

• (10)The issuance of the accreditation of completion of point (9) shall be notified to the competent authority of the Member State where the practical skill training and assessment are conducted including the student remote pilot’s identification details, the STS covered, the date of issuance and the identification details of the entity recognised by the competent authority of a Member State or the UAS operator issuing it.

• (11)The entity recognised by the competent authority or the UAS operator shall include in the operations manual, developed in accordance with Appendix 5, a separate section covering the training elements, including the following:

• (a) the nominated personnel conducting practical skill training and assessment, including:
• (i) descriptions of the respective personnel’s competence;
• (ii) the personnel’s duties and responsibilities; and
• (iii) a chart of the organisation showing the associated chains of responsibility;

• (b) the procedures and processes used for practical skill training and assessment, including the training syllabus covering the practical skill corresponding to the STS for which the declaration is made, defined in Attachment A to the relevant Chapter;

• (c) a description of the UAS and any other equipment, tools and environment used for the practical skill training and assessment; and

• (d) a template for the assessment report.

Appendix 4

Declaration of UAS operators that intend to provide practical skill training and assessment of remote pilots in STS-x

Image omitted; see official source	STS-x	STS-x	STS-x	STS-x	STS-x
Image omitted; see official source	Declaration of UAS operators that intend to provide practical skill training and assessment of remote pilots	Declaration of UAS operators that intend to provide practical skill training and assessment of remote pilots	Declaration of UAS operators that intend to provide practical skill training and assessment of remote pilots	Declaration of UAS operators that intend to provide practical skill training and assessment of remote pilots	Declaration of UAS operators that intend to provide practical skill training and assessment of remote pilots
Data protection: Personal data included in this declaration is processed by the competent authority pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). It will be processed for the purposes of the performance, management and follow up of the oversight activities according to Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/947. If you require further information concerning the processing of your personal data or you wish to exercise your rights (e.g. to access or rectify any inaccurate or incomplete data), please refer to the contact point of the competent authority. The applicant has the right to make a complaint regarding the processing of the personal data at any time to the national Data Protection Supervisory Authority.	Data protection: Personal data included in this declaration is processed by the competent authority pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). It will be processed for the purposes of the performance, management and follow up of the oversight activities according to Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/947. If you require further information concerning the processing of your personal data or you wish to exercise your rights (e.g. to access or rectify any inaccurate or incomplete data), please refer to the contact point of the competent authority. The applicant has the right to make a complaint regarding the processing of the personal data at any time to the national Data Protection Supervisory Authority.	Data protection: Personal data included in this declaration is processed by the competent authority pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). It will be processed for the purposes of the performance, management and follow up of the oversight activities according to Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/947. If you require further information concerning the processing of your personal data or you wish to exercise your rights (e.g. to access or rectify any inaccurate or incomplete data), please refer to the contact point of the competent authority. The applicant has the right to make a complaint regarding the processing of the personal data at any time to the national Data Protection Supervisory Authority.	Data protection: Personal data included in this declaration is processed by the competent authority pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). It will be processed for the purposes of the performance, management and follow up of the oversight activities according to Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/947. If you require further information concerning the processing of your personal data or you wish to exercise your rights (e.g. to access or rectify any inaccurate or incomplete data), please refer to the contact point of the competent authority. The applicant has the right to make a complaint regarding the processing of the personal data at any time to the national Data Protection Supervisory Authority.	Data protection: Personal data included in this declaration is processed by the competent authority pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). It will be processed for the purposes of the performance, management and follow up of the oversight activities according to Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/947. If you require further information concerning the processing of your personal data or you wish to exercise your rights (e.g. to access or rectify any inaccurate or incomplete data), please refer to the contact point of the competent authority. The applicant has the right to make a complaint regarding the processing of the personal data at any time to the national Data Protection Supervisory Authority.	Data protection: Personal data included in this declaration is processed by the competent authority pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). It will be processed for the purposes of the performance, management and follow up of the oversight activities according to Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/947. If you require further information concerning the processing of your personal data or you wish to exercise your rights (e.g. to access or rectify any inaccurate or incomplete data), please refer to the contact point of the competent authority. The applicant has the right to make a complaint regarding the processing of the personal data at any time to the national Data Protection Supervisory Authority.
UAS operator registration number	UAS operator registration number	UAS operator registration number
UAS operator name	UAS operator name	UAS operator name
I hereby declare that: — I have submitted the operational declaration for STS-x; — I comply with the requirements defined in Appendix 3 to the Annex to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947; and — when operating an UAS in the context of training activities for STS.x, I comply with all the applicable provisions of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947, including requirements for operations under STS.x	I hereby declare that: — I have submitted the operational declaration for STS-x; — I comply with the requirements defined in Appendix 3 to the Annex to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947; and — when operating an UAS in the context of training activities for STS.x, I comply with all the applicable provisions of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947, including requirements for operations under STS.x	I hereby declare that: — I have submitted the operational declaration for STS-x; — I comply with the requirements defined in Appendix 3 to the Annex to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947; and — when operating an UAS in the context of training activities for STS.x, I comply with all the applicable provisions of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947, including requirements for operations under STS.x	I hereby declare that: — I have submitted the operational declaration for STS-x; — I comply with the requirements defined in Appendix 3 to the Annex to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947; and — when operating an UAS in the context of training activities for STS.x, I comply with all the applicable provisions of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947, including requirements for operations under STS.x	I hereby declare that: — I have submitted the operational declaration for STS-x; — I comply with the requirements defined in Appendix 3 to the Annex to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947; and — when operating an UAS in the context of training activities for STS.x, I comply with all the applicable provisions of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947, including requirements for operations under STS.x	I hereby declare that: — I have submitted the operational declaration for STS-x; — I comply with the requirements defined in Appendix 3 to the Annex to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947; and — when operating an UAS in the context of training activities for STS.x, I comply with all the applicable provisions of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947, including requirements for operations under STS.x
Date	Date			Signature or other verification

Appendix 5

Operations manual for Standard Scenario

The operations manual for STS defined in Appendix 1 shall contain at least the following:

• (1) a statement that the operations manual complies with the relevant requirements of this Regulation and with the declaration, and contains instructions that are to be complied with by the personnel involved in flight operations;

• (2) an approval signature by the accountable manager or the UAS operator in the case of a natural person;

• (3) an overall description of the UAS operator’s organisation;

• (4) a description of the concept of the operation, including at least:
• (a) the nature and description of the activities performed in the UAS operations, and the identified associated risks;
• (b) the operational environment and geographical area for the intended operations, including:
• (i) the characteristics of the area to be overflown in terms of the population density, topography, obstacles, etc.;
• (ii) the characteristics of the airspace to be used;
• (iii) the environmental conditions including at least the weather and the electromagnetic environment;
• (iv) the definition of the operational volume and risk buffers to address the ground and air risks;
• (c) the technical means used and their main characteristics, performance and limitations, including the UAS, external systems supporting the UAS operation, facilities, etc.;
• (d) the required personnel for conducting operations, including the composition of the team, their roles and responsibilities, selection criteria, initial training and recent experience requirements and/or recurrent training;

• (5) the maintenance instructions required to keep the UAS in a safe condition, covering the UAS manufacturer’s maintenance instructions and requirements, if applicable;