Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/744 of 4 June 2020 on amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1800 laying down implementing technical standards with regard to the allocation of credit assessments of external credit assessment institutions to an objective scale of credit quality steps in accordance with Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance)
This is the act as published. Later amendments are not folded into the text below: each one is a separate act in this repository and an entry in this law's history.
| 5.6.2020 | EN | Official Journal of the European Union | L 176/4 |
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the taking-up and pursuit of the business of Insurance and Reinsurance (Solvency II) 1, and in particular Article 109a(1) thereof,
Whereas:
- (1) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1800 2 specifies, among others, in its Annex, the correspondence of the relevant credit assessments issued by an external credit assessment institution (‘ECAI’) to the credit quality steps set out in Section 2 of Chapter I of Title I of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/35 3 (‘External credit assessments’).
- (2) Following the latest amendments, by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/633 4, to the Annex to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1800 the quantitative and qualitative factors underpinning the credit assessments of some mappings in the Annex to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1800 have changed. In addition, some ECAIs have extended their credit assessments to new market segments, resulting in new rating scales and new credit rating types. It is therefore necessary to update the mappings of the ECAIs concerned.
- (3) Since the adoption of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/633, another credit rating agency has been registered in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1060/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council 5. As Article 136(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council 6 requires the specification of mappings for all ECAIs, it is necessary to provide a mapping for that newly registered ECAI. The credit assessments applied by the newly registered ECAI are based on the same methodology as those applied by its parent company, a third country ECAI for which a mapping had already been established. It is therefore appropriate in this specific case that the mapping for the newly registered ECAI mirrors the mapping established for that third country ECAI.
- (4) This Regulation is based on the draft implementing technical standards submitted by the European Banking Authority (the EBA), the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) jointly (the European Supervisory Authorities) to the Commission.
- (5) The European Supervisory Authorities have conducted open public consultations on the draft implementing technical standards on which this Regulation is based, analysed the potential related costs and benefits and requested the opinion of the Banking Stakeholder Group established in accordance with Article 37 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council 7; the opinion of the Securities and Markets Stakeholder Group established in accordance with Article 37 of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council 8; and the opinion of the Insurance and Reinsurance Stakeholder Group established in accordance with Article 37 of Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council 9.
- (6) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1800 should therefore be amended accordingly,
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
Article 1
Amendment to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1800
The Annex to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1800 is replaced by the text in the Annex to this Regulation.
Article 2
Entry into force
This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Done at Brussels, 4 June 2020.
For the Commission
The President
Ursula VON DER LEYEN
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1800 of 11 October 2016 laying down implementing technical standards with regard to the allocation of credit assessments of external credit assessment institutions to an objective scale of credit quality steps in accordance with Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 275, 12.10.2016, p. 19).
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/35 of 10 October 2014 supplementing Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the taking-up and pursuit of the business of Insurance and Reinsurance (Solvency II) (OJ L 12, 17.1.2015, p. 1).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/633 of 24 April 2018 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1800 laying down implementing technical standards with regard to the allocation of credit assessments of external credit assessment institutions to an objective scale of credit quality steps in accordance with Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 105, 25.4.2018, p. 6)
Regulation (EC) No 1060/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 on credit rating agencies (OJ L 302, 17.11.2009, p. 1).
Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions and investment firms and amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 (OJ L 176, 27.6.2013, p. 1).
Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 establishing a European Supervisory Authority (European Banking Authority), amending Decision No 716/2009/EC and repealing Commission Decision 2009/78/EC (OJ L 331, 15.12.2010, p. 12).
Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 establishing a European Supervisory Authority European Securities and Markets Authority), amending Decision No 716/2009/EC and repealing Commission Decision 2009/77/EC (OJ L 331, 15.12.2010, p. 84).
Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 establishing a European Supervisory Authority (European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority), amending Decision No 716/2009/EC and repealing Commission Decision 2009/79/EC (OJ L 331, 15.12.2010, p. 48).
ANNEX
‘ANNEX
Allocation of credit assessments of external credit assessment institutions to an objective scale of credit quality steps in accordance with Directive 2009/138/EC
| Credit quality step | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACRA Europe a.s (formerly European Rating Agency a.s.) | ACRA Europe a.s (formerly European Rating Agency a.s.) | ACRA Europe a.s (formerly European Rating Agency a.s.) | ACRA Europe a.s (formerly European Rating Agency a.s.) | ACRA Europe a.s (formerly European Rating Agency a.s.) | ACRA Europe a.s (formerly European Rating Agency a.s.) | ACRA Europe a.s (formerly European Rating Agency a.s.) | ACRA Europe a.s (formerly European Rating Agency a.s.) |
| Global long-term rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D |
| Global short-term rating scale | S1 | S2 | S3, S4, NS | ||||
| AM Best Europe-Rating Services Ltd. | AM Best Europe-Rating Services Ltd. | AM Best Europe-Rating Services Ltd. | AM Best Europe-Rating Services Ltd. | AM Best Europe-Rating Services Ltd. | AM Best Europe-Rating Services Ltd. | AM Best Europe-Rating Services Ltd. | AM Best Europe-Rating Services Ltd. |
| Long-term issuer credit ratings scale | aaa | aa, aa- | a + , a, a- | bbb + , bbb, bbb- | bb + , bb, bb- | b + , b, b- | ccc + , ccc, ccc-, cc, c, d, e, f, s |
| Long-term issue ratings scale | aaa | aa, aa- | a + , a, a- | bbb + , bbb, bbb- | bb + , bb, bb- | b + , b, b- | ccc + , ccc, ccc-, cc, c, d, s |
| Financial strength ratings scale | A ++ , A + | A, A- | B ++ , B + | B, B- | C ++ , C + | C, C-, D, E, F, S | |
| Short-term issuer ratings scale | AMB-1 + | AMB-1- | AMB-2, AMB-3 | AMB- 4, d, e, f, s | |||
| Short-term issue ratings scale | AMB-1 + | AMB-1- | AMB-2, AMB-3 | AMB- 4, d, s | |||
| ARC Ratings S.A. | ARC Ratings S.A. | ARC Ratings S.A. | ARC Ratings S.A. | ARC Ratings S.A. | ARC Ratings S.A. | ARC Ratings S.A. | ARC Ratings S.A. |
| Medium and long-term issuers rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D |
| Medium and long-term issues rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D |
| Short-term issuers rating scale | A-1 + | A-1 | A-2, A-3 | B, C, D | |||
| Short-term issues rating scale | A-1 + | A-1 | A-2, A-3 | B, C, D | |||
| ASSEKURATA Assekuranz Rating-Agentur GmbH | ASSEKURATA Assekuranz Rating-Agentur GmbH | ASSEKURATA Assekuranz Rating-Agentur GmbH | ASSEKURATA Assekuranz Rating-Agentur GmbH | ASSEKURATA Assekuranz Rating-Agentur GmbH | ASSEKURATA Assekuranz Rating-Agentur GmbH | ASSEKURATA Assekuranz Rating-Agentur GmbH | ASSEKURATA Assekuranz Rating-Agentur GmbH |
| Long-term credit rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC/C, D |
| Short-term corporate rating scale | A ++ | A | B, C, D | ||||
| Axesor Risk Management SL | Axesor Risk Management SL | Axesor Risk Management SL | Axesor Risk Management SL | Axesor Risk Management SL | Axesor Risk Management SL | Axesor Risk Management SL | Axesor Risk Management SL |
| Global rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D, E |
| Banque de France | Banque de France | Banque de France | Banque de France | Banque de France | Banque de France | Banque de France | Banque de France |
| Global long-term issuer credit ratings scale | 3 ++ | 3 + , 3 | 4 + | 4, 5 + | 5, 6 | 7, 8, 9, P | |
| BCRA – Credit Rating Agency AD | BCRA – Credit Rating Agency AD | BCRA – Credit Rating Agency AD | BCRA – Credit Rating Agency AD | BCRA – Credit Rating Agency AD | BCRA – Credit Rating Agency AD | BCRA – Credit Rating Agency AD | BCRA – Credit Rating Agency AD |
| Global long-term ratings scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D |
| Global short-term ratings scale | A-1 + | A-1 | A-2, A-3 | B, C, D | |||
| Pension-insurance company long-term scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D |
| Pension-insurance company short-term scale | A-1 + | A-1 | A-2, A-3 | B, C, D | |||
| Pension fund long-term scale | AAA pf | AA pf | A pf | BBB pf | BB pf | B pf | C pf |
| Guarantee fund long-term scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | C, D |
| Guarantee fund short-term scale | A-1 + | A-1 | A-2, A-3 | B, C, D | |||
| Capital Intelligence Ratings Ltd | Capital Intelligence Ratings Ltd | Capital Intelligence Ratings Ltd | Capital Intelligence Ratings Ltd | Capital Intelligence Ratings Ltd | Capital Intelligence Ratings Ltd | Capital Intelligence Ratings Ltd | Capital Intelligence Ratings Ltd |
| International long-term issuer rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | C, RS, SD, D |
| International long-term issue rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D |
| International long-term insurer financial strength rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | C,RS, SD, D |
| International short-term issuer rating scale | A1 + | A1 | A2, A3 | B, C, RS, SD, D | |||
| International short-term issue rating scale | A1 + | A1 | A2, A3 | B, C, D | |||
| International short-term insurer financial strength rating scale | A1 + | A1 | A2, A3 | B, C, RS, SD, D | |||
| Cerved Rating Agency S.p.A. | Cerved Rating Agency S.p.A. | Cerved Rating Agency S.p.A. | Cerved Rating Agency S.p.A. | Cerved Rating Agency S.p.A. | Cerved Rating Agency S.p.A. | Cerved Rating Agency S.p.A. | Cerved Rating Agency S.p.A. |
| Corporate long-term rating scale | A 1.1 | A 1.2 , A 1.3 | A 2.1 , A 2.2 , A 3.1 | B 1.1 , B 1.2 | B 2.1 , B 2.2 | C 1.1 | C 1.2 , C 2.1 |
| Creditreform Rating AG | Creditreform Rating AG | Creditreform Rating AG | Creditreform Rating AG | Creditreform Rating AG | Creditreform Rating AG | Creditreform Rating AG | Creditreform Rating AG |
| Long-term rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B, C, SD, D | |
| CRIF Ratings S.r. l. | CRIF Ratings S.r. l. | CRIF Ratings S.r. l. | CRIF Ratings S.r. l. | CRIF Ratings S.r. l. | CRIF Ratings S.r. l. | CRIF Ratings S.r. l. | CRIF Ratings S.r. l. |
| Long-term issuer rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D1S, D |
| Long-term issue rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, DS |
| Short-term issuer rating scale | IG-1 | IG-2 | SIG-1, SIG-2, SIG-3, SIG-4 | ||||
| Short-term issue rating scale | IG-1 | IG-2 | SIG-1, SIG-2, SIG-3, SIG-4 | ||||
| Dagong Europe Credit Rating | Dagong Europe Credit Rating | Dagong Europe Credit Rating | Dagong Europe Credit Rating | Dagong Europe Credit Rating | Dagong Europe Credit Rating | Dagong Europe Credit Rating | Dagong Europe Credit Rating |
| Long-term credit rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D |
| Short-term credit rating scale | A-1 | A-2, A-3 | B, C, D | ||||
| DBRS Ratings Limited | DBRS Ratings Limited | DBRS Ratings Limited | DBRS Ratings Limited | DBRS Ratings Limited | DBRS Ratings Limited | DBRS Ratings Limited | DBRS Ratings Limited |
| Long-term obligations rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D |
| Commercial paper and short-term debt rating scale | R-1 H, R-1 M | R-1 L | R-2, R-3 | R-4, R-5, D | |||
| Financial Strength rating scale | AAA, AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, R | |
| Egan-Jones Ratings Co. | Egan-Jones Ratings Co. | Egan-Jones Ratings Co. | Egan-Jones Ratings Co. | Egan-Jones Ratings Co. | Egan-Jones Ratings Co. | Egan-Jones Ratings Co. | Egan-Jones Ratings Co. |
| Long-term credit rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC,CC, C, D |
| Short-term credit rating scale | A-1 + | A-1 | A-2 | A-3, B, C, D | |||
| Euler Hermes Rating GmbH | Euler Hermes Rating GmbH | Euler Hermes Rating GmbH | Euler Hermes Rating GmbH | Euler Hermes Rating GmbH | Euler Hermes Rating GmbH | Euler Hermes Rating GmbH | Euler Hermes Rating GmbH |
| Global long-term rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, SD, D |
| EuroRating Sp. z o.o. | EuroRating Sp. z o.o. | EuroRating Sp. z o.o. | EuroRating Sp. z o.o. | EuroRating Sp. z o.o. | EuroRating Sp. z o.o. | EuroRating Sp. z o.o. | EuroRating Sp. z o.o. |
| Global long-term rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D |
| Fitch Ratings | Fitch Ratings | Fitch Ratings | Fitch Ratings | Fitch Ratings | Fitch Ratings | Fitch Ratings | Fitch Ratings |
| Long-term issuer default ratings scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, RD, D |
| Corporate finance obligations – Long-term ratings scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C |
| Long-term international IFS ratings scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C |
| Derivative counterparty ratings scale | AAA dcr, AA dcr | A dcr | BBB dcr | BB dcr | B dcr | CCC dcr, CC dcr, C dcr | |
| Short-term rating scale | F1 + | F1 | F2, F3 | B, C, RD, D | |||
| Short-term IFS ratings scale | F1 + | F1 | F2, F3 | B, C | |||
| GBB-Rating Gesellschaft für Bonitätsbeurteilung mbH | GBB-Rating Gesellschaft für Bonitätsbeurteilung mbH | GBB-Rating Gesellschaft für Bonitätsbeurteilung mbH | GBB-Rating Gesellschaft für Bonitätsbeurteilung mbH | GBB-Rating Gesellschaft für Bonitätsbeurteilung mbH | GBB-Rating Gesellschaft für Bonitätsbeurteilung mbH | GBB-Rating Gesellschaft für Bonitätsbeurteilung mbH | GBB-Rating Gesellschaft für Bonitätsbeurteilung mbH |
| Global long-term rating scale | AAA | AA | A, BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D | |
| HR Ratings de México, S.A. de C. V. | HR Ratings de México, S.A. de C. V. | HR Ratings de México, S.A. de C. V. | HR Ratings de México, S.A. de C. V. | HR Ratings de México, S.A. de C. V. | HR Ratings de México, S.A. de C. V. | HR Ratings de México, S.A. de C. V. | HR Ratings de México, S.A. de C. V. |
| Global long-term rating scale | HR AAA(G) | HR AA(G) | HR A(G) | HR BBB(G) | HR BB(G) | HR B(G) | HR C(G)/HR D(G) |
| Global short-term rating scale | HR +1 (G) | HR1(G) | HR2(G) | HR3(G) | HR4(G), HR5(G), HR D(G) | ||
| ICAP Group S.A | ICAP Group S.A | ICAP Group S.A | ICAP Group S.A | ICAP Group S.A | ICAP Group S.A | ICAP Group S.A | ICAP Group S.A |
| Global long-term rating scale | AA, A | BB, B | C, D | E, F | G, H | ||
| INC Rating Sp. z o.o. | INC Rating Sp. z o.o. | INC Rating Sp. z o.o. | INC Rating Sp. z o.o. | INC Rating Sp. z o.o. | INC Rating Sp. z o.o. | INC Rating Sp. z o.o. | INC Rating Sp. z o.o. |
| Long-term issuer credit rating scale | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC,CC, C, D | |
| Japan Credit Rating Agency Ltd | Japan Credit Rating Agency Ltd | Japan Credit Rating Agency Ltd | Japan Credit Rating Agency Ltd | Japan Credit Rating Agency Ltd | Japan Credit Rating Agency Ltd | Japan Credit Rating Agency Ltd | Japan Credit Rating Agency Ltd |
| Long-term issuer ratings scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, LD, D |
| Long-term issue ratings scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D |
| Short-term issuer ratings scale | J-1 + | J-1 | J-2 | J-3, NJ, LD, D | |||
| Short-term issue credit ratings scale | J-1 + | J-1 | J-2 | J-3, NJ, D | |||
| Kroll Bond Rating Agency | Kroll Bond Rating Agency | Kroll Bond Rating Agency | Kroll Bond Rating Agency | Kroll Bond Rating Agency | Kroll Bond Rating Agency | Kroll Bond Rating Agency | Kroll Bond Rating Agency |
| Long-term credit rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D |
| Short-term credit rating scale | K1 + | K1 | K2, K3 | B, C, D | |||
| Kroll Bond Rating Agency Europe | Kroll Bond Rating Agency Europe | Kroll Bond Rating Agency Europe | Kroll Bond Rating Agency Europe | Kroll Bond Rating Agency Europe | Kroll Bond Rating Agency Europe | Kroll Bond Rating Agency Europe | Kroll Bond Rating Agency Europe |
| Long-term credit rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D |
| Short-term credit rating scale | K1 + | K1 | K2, K3 | B, C, D | |||
| modeFinance S.r.l. | modeFinance S.r.l. | modeFinance S.r.l. | modeFinance S.r.l. | modeFinance S.r.l. | modeFinance S.r.l. | modeFinance S.r.l. | modeFinance S.r.l. |
| Global long-term rating scale | A1 | A2 | A3 | B1 | B2 | B3 | C1, C2, C3, D |
| Moody’s Investors Service | Moody’s Investors Service | Moody’s Investors Service | Moody’s Investors Service | Moody’s Investors Service | Moody’s Investors Service | Moody’s Investors Service | Moody’s Investors Service |
| Global long-term rating scale | Aaa | Aa | A | Baa | Ba | B | Caa, Ca, C |
| Global short-term rating scale | P-1 | P-2 | P-3 | NP | |||
| QIVALIO SAS (formerly Spread Research) | QIVALIO SAS (formerly Spread Research) | QIVALIO SAS (formerly Spread Research) | QIVALIO SAS (formerly Spread Research) | QIVALIO SAS (formerly Spread Research) | QIVALIO SAS (formerly Spread Research) | QIVALIO SAS (formerly Spread Research) | QIVALIO SAS (formerly Spread Research) |
| Global long-term rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D |
| Global short-term rating scale | SR0 | SR1, SR2 | SR3, SR4, SR5, SRD | ||||
| Rating-Agentur Expert RA GmbH | Rating-Agentur Expert RA GmbH | Rating-Agentur Expert RA GmbH | Rating-Agentur Expert RA GmbH | Rating-Agentur Expert RA GmbH | Rating-Agentur Expert RA GmbH | Rating-Agentur Expert RA GmbH | Rating-Agentur Expert RA GmbH |
| International credit rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC,CC, C, D, E |
| International reliability rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC,CC, C, D, E |
| Scope Ratings AG | Scope Ratings AG | Scope Ratings AG | Scope Ratings AG | Scope Ratings AG | Scope Ratings AG | Scope Ratings AG | Scope Ratings AG |
| Long-term rating scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC,C, D |
| Short-term rating scale | S-1 + | S-1 | S-2 | S-3, S-4 | |||
| S&P Global Ratings | S&P Global Ratings | S&P Global Ratings | S&P Global Ratings | S&P Global Ratings | S&P Global Ratings | S&P Global Ratings | S&P Global Ratings |
| Long-term issuer credit ratings scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, R, SD/D |
| Long-term issue credit ratings scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D |
| Insurer financial strength ratings scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, SD/D, R |
| Mid-Market Evaluation ratings scale | MM1 | MM2 | MM3, MM4 | MM5, MM6 | MM7, MM8, MMD | ||
| Short-term issuer credit ratings scale | A-1 + | A-1 | A-2, A-3 | B, C, R, SD/D | |||
| Short-term issue credit ratings scale | A-1 + | A-1 | A-2, A-3 | B, C, D | |||
| The Economist Intelligence Unit Ltd | The Economist Intelligence Unit Ltd | The Economist Intelligence Unit Ltd | The Economist Intelligence Unit Ltd | The Economist Intelligence Unit Ltd | The Economist Intelligence Unit Ltd | The Economist Intelligence Unit Ltd | The Economist Intelligence Unit Ltd |
| Sovereign rating band scale | AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB | B | CCC, CC, C, D |
’
Reading this document does not replace reading the official text published in the Official Journal of the European Union. We assume no responsibility for any inaccuracies arising from the conversion of the original to this format.
This text is published under EUR-Lex's own terms of reuse, not a Legalize or public-domain licence.
EUR-Lex
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
© European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu — Source: EUR-Lex (Publications Office of the European Union). Reused under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. Only EU legislation published in the printed Official Journal of the European Union is deemed authentic; consolidated texts are reproduced here for documentation purposes and have been reformatted to Markdown.