Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/2237 of 15 December 2021 amending Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 as regards the requirements for all-weather operations and for flight crew training and checking

Type Implementing Regulation
Publication 2021-12-16
State In force
Text As published
Department European Commission, MOVE
Source EUR-Lex
articles 2

This is the act as published. Later amendments are not folded into the text below: each one is a separate act in this repository and an entry in this law's history.

Reform history JSON API
16.12.2021 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 450/21

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2018 on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Union Aviation Safety Agency, and amending Regulations (EC) No 2111/2005, (EC) No 1008/2008, (EU) No 996/2010, (EU) No 376/2014 and Directives 2014/30/EU and 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Regulations (EC) No 552/2004 and (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 1, and in particular Articles 23(1), 27(1) and 31 thereof,

Whereas:

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

Article 1

Amendments to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012

Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 is amended as follows:

  • ‘(iv) low-visibility operations (LVOs) or operations with operational credits;’;

Article 2

Date of entry into force and application

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

It shall apply from 30 October 2022.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels, 15 December 2021.

For the Commission

The President

Ursula VON DER LEYEN

2

Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 of 5 October 2012 laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to air operations pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 296, 25.10.2012, p. 1).

3

https://www.easa.europa.eu/document-library/opinions

ANNEX

Annexes I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 are amended as follows:

  • ‘(6) ‘aerodrome operating minima’ means the limits of usability of an aerodrome for:
  • (a) take-off, expressed in terms of runway visual range (RVR) and/or visibility and, if necessary, ceiling ;
  • (b) landing in 2D instrument approach operations, expressed in terms of visibility and/or RVR, minimum descent altitude/height (MDA/H) and, if necessary, ceiling;
  • (c) landing in 3D instrument approach operations, expressed in terms of visibility and/or RVR and decision altitude/height (DA/H) as appropriate to the type and/or category of the operation’;
  • ‘(18a) ‘ceiling’ means the height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below 6 000 m (20 000 ft) covering more than half the sky;’;
  • ‘(20) ‘circling’ means the visual phase of a circling approach operation;’;
  • ‘(20a) ‘circling approach operation’ means a Type A instrument approach operation to bring an aircraft into position for landing on a runway/final approach and take-off area (FATO) that is not suitably located for a straight-in approach;’;
  • ‘(27) ‘continuous descent final approach (CDFA)’ means a technique, consistent with stabilised approach procedures, for flying the final approach segment (FAS) of an instrument non-precision approach (NPA) procedure as a continuous descent, without level-off, from an altitude/height at or above the final approach fix altitude/height:
  • (a) for straight-in approach operations, to a point approximately 15 m (50 ft) above the landing runway threshold or the point where the flare manoeuvre begins; or
  • (b) for circling approach operations, until MDA/H or visual flight manoeuvre altitude/height is reached;’;
  • ‘(35a) ‘decision altitude (DA) or decision height (DH)’ means a specified altitude or height in a 3D instrument approach operation at which a missed approach procedure must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established;’;
  • ‘(46) ‘enhanced flight vision system (EFVS)’ is an electronic means to provide the flight crew with a real-time sensor-derived or enhanced display of the external scene topography (the natural or man-made features of a place or region especially in a way to show their relative positions and elevation) through the use of imaging sensors; an EFVS is integrated with a flight guidance system and is implemented on a head-up display or an equivalent display system; if an EFVS is certified according to the applicable airworthiness requirements and an operator holds the necessary specific approval (when required), then it may be used for EFVS operations and may allow operations with operational credits;’;
  • ‘(46a) ‘EFVS operation’ means an operation in which visibility conditions require an EFVS to be used instead of natural vision in order to perform an approach or landing, identify the required visual references or conduct a roll-out;
  • (46b) ‘EFVS 200 operation’ means an operation with an operational credit in which visibility conditions require an EFVS to be used down to 200 ft above the FATO or runway threshold. From that point to land, natural vision is used. The RVR shall not be less than 550 m;’;
  • ‘(47) ‘enhanced vision system (EVS)’ is an electronic means to provide the flight crew with a real-time image of the actual external scene topography (the natural or man-made features of a place or region especially in a way to show their relative positions and elevation) through the use of imaging sensors;’;
  • ‘(48b) ‘final approach segment (FAS)’ means that segment of an instrument approach procedure (IAP) in which alignment and descent for landing are accomplished;’;
  • ‘(52a) ‘go-around’ means a transition from an approach operation to a stabilised climb. This includes manoeuvres conducted at or above the MDA/H or DA/H, or below the DA/H (balked landings);’;
  • ‘(55) ‘head-up display landing system (HUDLS)’ means the total airborne system which provides head-up guidance to the pilot to enable the pilot to either control the aircraft or to monitor the autopilot during take-off (if applicable), approach and landing (and roll-out if applicable), or go-around. It includes all the sensors, computers, power supplies, indications and controls;’;
  • ‘(69d) ‘instrument approach operation’ means an approach and landing using instruments for navigation guidance based on an instrument approach procedure (IAP). There are two methods for executing instrument approach operations:
  • (a) a two-dimensional (2D) instrument approach operation, using lateral navigation guidance only; and
  • (b) a three-dimensional (3D) instrument approach operation, using both lateral and vertical navigation guidance;
  • (69e) ‘instrument approach procedure (IAP)’ means a series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments with specified protection from obstacles from the initial approach fix or, where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route to a point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at which holding or en-route obstacle clearance criteria apply. IAPs are classified as follows:
  • (a) non-precision approach (NPA) procedure, which means an IAP designed for 2D instrument approach operations Type A;
  • (b) approach procedure with vertical guidance (APV) means a performance-based navigation (PBN) IAP designed for 3D instrument approach operations Type A;
  • (c) precision approach (PA) procedure means an IAP based on navigation systems designed for 3D instrument approach operations Type A or B;’;
  • ‘(72b) ‘line check’ means a check conducted by the operator and completed by the pilot or the technical crew member to demonstrate competence in carrying out normal line operations described in the operations manual;’;
  • ‘(74) ‘low-visibility operations (LVOs)’ means approach or take-off operations on a runway with a runway visual range less than 550 m or with a decision height less than 200 ft;
  • (75) ‘low-visibility take-off (LVTO)’ means a take-off with an RVR less than 550 m;’;
  • ‘(78c) ‘minimum descent altitude (MDA) or minimum descent height (MDH)’ means a specified altitude or height in a 2D instrument approach operation or circling approach operation below which descent must not be made without the required visual reference;’;
  • ‘(85a) ‘obstacle clearance altitude (OCA) or obstacle clearance height (OCH)’ means the lowest altitude or the lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or the aerodrome elevation, as applicable, used in establishing compliance with the appropriate obstacle clearance criteria;’;
  • ‘(91a) ‘operational credit’ means a credit for operations with an advanced aircraft enabling lower aerodrome operating minima than would normally be established by the operator for a basic aircraft, based upon the performance of advanced aircraft systems utilising the available external infrastructure. Lower operating minima may include a lower decision height/altitude or minimum descent height/altitude, reduced visibility requirements or reduced ground facilities or a combination of these;’;
  • ‘(92) ‘operator proficiency check’ means a check conducted by the operator and completed by the pilot or the technical crew member to demonstrate competence in carrying out normal, abnormal and emergency procedures;’;
  • ‘(120c) ‘training to proficiency’ means training designed to achieve end-state performance objectives, providing sufficient assurance that the trained individual is capable of consistently carrying out specific tasks safely and effectively;
  • (120d) ‘Type A instrument approach operation’ means an instrument approach operation with an MDH or a DH at or above 250 ft;
  • (120e) ‘Type B instrument approach operation’ means an operation with a DH below 250 ft. Type B instrument approach operations are categorised as:
  • (a) Category I (CAT I): a DH not lower than 200 ft and with either a visibility not less than 800 m or an RVR not less than 550 m;
  • (b) Category II (CAT II): a DH lower than 200 ft but not lower than 100 ft, and an RVR not less than 300 m;
  • (c) Category III (CAT III): a DH lower than 100 ft or no DH, and an RVR less than 300 m or no RVR limitation;’;
  • ‘(124a) ‘visibility (VIS)’ means visibility for aeronautical purposes, which is the greater of:
  • (a) the greatest distance at which a black object of suitable dimensions, situated near the ground, can be seen and recognised when observed against a bright background; and
  • (b) the greatest distance at which lights in the vicinity of 1 000 candelas can be seen and identified against an unlit background;’;
  • ‘(125) ‘visual approach operation’ means an approach operation by an IFR flight when either a part or all parts of an IAP is (are) not completed and the approach operation is executed with visual reference to terrain;
  • (126) ‘weather-permissible aerodrome’ means an adequate aerodrome where, for the anticipated time of use, meteorological reports, or forecasts, or any combination thereof, indicate that the meteorological conditions will be at or above the required aerodrome operating minima, and the runway surface condition reports indicate that a safe landing will be possible;’.

‘Appendix II

OPERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS (subject to the approved conditions in the operations manual) OPERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS (subject to the approved conditions in the operations manual) OPERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS (subject to the approved conditions in the operations manual) OPERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS (subject to the approved conditions in the operations manual) OPERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS (subject to the approved conditions in the operations manual) OPERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS (subject to the approved conditions in the operations manual) OPERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS (subject to the approved conditions in the operations manual)
Issuing authority contact details Telephone[^ntr1-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0001]: ___; Fax: __; Email: ____ Issuing authority contact details Telephone[^ntr1-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0001]: ___; Fax: __; Email: ____ Issuing authority contact details Telephone[^ntr1-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0001]: ___; Fax: __; Email: ____ Issuing authority contact details Telephone[^ntr1-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0001]: ___; Fax: __; Email: ____ Issuing authority contact details Telephone[^ntr1-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0001]: ___; Fax: __; Email: ____ Issuing authority contact details Telephone[^ntr1-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0001]: ___; Fax: __; Email: ____ Issuing authority contact details Telephone[^ntr1-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0001]: ___; Fax: __; Email: ____
AOC[^ntr2-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0002]: Operator name[^ntr3-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0003]: Operator name[^ntr3-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0003]: Operator name[^ntr3-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0003]: Date[^ntr4-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0004]: Signature: Signature:
Dba trading name Dba trading name Dba trading name Dba trading name Dba trading name Dba trading name
Operations specifications #: Operations specifications #: Operations specifications #: Operations specifications #: Operations specifications #: Operations specifications #: Operations specifications #:
Aircraft model[^ntr5-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0005]: Registration marks[^ntr6-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0006]: Aircraft model[^ntr5-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0005]: Registration marks[^ntr6-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0006]: Aircraft model[^ntr5-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0005]: Registration marks[^ntr6-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0006]: Aircraft model[^ntr5-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0005]: Registration marks[^ntr6-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0006]: Aircraft model[^ntr5-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0005]: Registration marks[^ntr6-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0006]: Aircraft model[^ntr5-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0005]: Registration marks[^ntr6-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0006]: Aircraft model[^ntr5-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0005]: Registration marks[^ntr6-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0006]:
Types of operations: Commercial air transport Types of operations: Commercial air transport Types of operations: Commercial air transport Types of operations: Commercial air transport Types of operations: Commercial air transport Types of operations: Commercial air transport Types of operations: Commercial air transport
☐ Passengers ☐ Passengers ☐ Cargo ☐ Cargo ☐ Others[^ntr7-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0007]: _______ ☐ Others[^ntr7-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0007]: _______ ☐ Others[^ntr7-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0007]: _______
Area of operation[^ntr8-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0008]: Area of operation[^ntr8-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0008]: Area of operation[^ntr8-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0008]: Area of operation[^ntr8-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0008]: Area of operation[^ntr8-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0008]: Area of operation[^ntr8-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0008]: Area of operation[^ntr8-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0008]:
Special limitations[^ntr9-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0009]: Special limitations[^ntr9-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0009]: Special limitations[^ntr9-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0009]: Special limitations[^ntr9-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0009]: Special limitations[^ntr9-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0009]: Special limitations[^ntr9-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0009]: Special limitations[^ntr9-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0009]:
Specific approvals: Specific approvals: Yes No Specification13 Specification13 Remarks
Dangerous goods: Dangerous goods: ☐ ☐
Low-visibility operations Low-visibility operations
Take-off Take-off ☐ ☐ RVR[^ntr11-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0011]:.. m RVR[^ntr11-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0011]:.. m
Approach and landing Approach and landing ☐ ☐ CAT15…. DA/H: ft, RVR:.. m CAT15…. DA/H: ft, RVR:.. m
Operational credits Operational credits ☐ ☐ CAT16…..DA/H: ft, RVR:... m CAT16…..DA/H: ft, RVR:... m
RVSM17 ☐ N/A ☐ ☐
ETOPS18 ☐ N/A ☐ ☐ Maximum diversion time[^ntr16-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0016]: min. Maximum diversion time[^ntr16-L_2021450EN.01002801-E0016]: min.
Complex navigation specifications for PBN operations20 Complex navigation specifications for PBN operations20 ☐ ☐ 21
Minimum navigation performance specification Minimum navigation performance specification ☐ ☐
Operations of single-engined turbine aeroplane at night or in IMC (SET-IMC) Operations of single-engined turbine aeroplane at night or in IMC (SET-IMC) ☐ ☐ 22 22
Helicopter operations with the aid of night vision imaging systems Helicopter operations with the aid of night vision imaging systems ☐ ☐
Helicopter hoist operations Helicopter hoist operations ☐ ☐
Helicopter emergency medical service operations Helicopter emergency medical service operations ☐ ☐
Helicopter offshore operations Helicopter offshore operations ☐ ☐
Cabin crew training23 Cabin crew training23 ☐ ☐
Issue of CC attestation24 Issue of CC attestation24 ☐ ☐
Use of type B EFB applications Use of type B EFB applications ☐ ☐ 25 25
Continuing airworthiness Continuing airworthiness ☐ ☐ 26 26
Others27 Others27

.

  • (3) Annex III is amended as follows:
  • (a) point ORO.FC.100 is amended as follows:
  • (i) the following point (f) is inserted:
  • ‘(f) Specific requirements for helicopter operations

If the helicopter is operated with a crew of two pilots, each pilot shall either:

  • (1) hold a certificate of satisfactory completion of a multi-crew cooperation (MCC) course in helicopters in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011; or
  • (2) have at least 500 hours of flight time as a pilot in multi-pilot operations.’;
  • ‘(d) The flight crew member may be relieved in flight of his or her duties at the controls by another suitably qualified flight crew member.’;

‘ORO.FC.105   Designation as pilot-in-command/commander

  • (a) In accordance with point 8.6 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, one pilot amongst the flight crew, qualified as pilot-in-command in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011, shall be designated by the operator as pilot-in-command or, for commercial air transport operations, as commander.
  • (b) The operator shall only designate a flight crew member to act as pilot-in-command/commander if all of the following apply:
  • (1) the flight crew member has the minimum level of experience specified in the operations manual;
  • (2) the flight crew member has adequate knowledge of the route or area to be flown and of the aerodromes, including alternate aerodromes, facilities and procedures to be used;
  • (3) in the case of multi-crew operations, the flight crew member has completed an operator’s command course if upgrading from co-pilot to pilot-in-command/commander.
  • (c) In the case of commercial operations of aeroplanes and helicopters, the pilot-in-command/commander or the pilot to whom the conduct of the flight may be delegated shall have had initial familiarisation training on the route or area to be flown and on the aerodromes, facilities and procedures to be used and shall maintain this knowledge as follows:
  • (1) The validity of the aerodrome knowledge shall be maintained by operating at least once on the aerodrome within a 12 calendar months’ period.
  • (2) The route or area knowledge shall be maintained by operating at least once to the route or area within a 36 months’ period. In addition, refresher training is required regarding route or area knowledge if not operating on a route or area for 12 months within the 36-month period.
  • (d) Notwithstanding point (c), in the case of operations under VFR by day with performance class B and C aeroplanes and helicopters, familiarisation training on the route and aerodromes may be replaced by area familiarisation training.’;

‘ORO.FC.125   Differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training

  • ‘(a) Each flight crew member shall complete annual recurrent flight and ground training relevant to the type or variant, and associated equipment of aircraft on which he or she operates, including training on the location and use of all emergency and safety equipment carried on board the aircraft.’;

‘ORO.FC.140   Operation on more than one type or variant

  • (a) Flight crew members that operate more than one type or variant of aircraft shall comply with the requirements prescribed in this Subpart for each type or variant, unless credits related to the training, checking, and recent experience requirements are defined in the mandatory part of the operational suitability data established in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 for the relevant types or variants.
  • (b) The operator may define groups of single-engined helicopter types. An operator proficiency check on one type shall be valid for all the other types within the group if both of the following conditions are met:
  • (1) the group either includes only single-engined turbine helicopters operated under VFR or it includes only single-engined piston helicopters operated under VFR;
  • (2) for CAT operations, at least two operator proficiency checks per type shall be conducted within a 3-year cycle.
  • (c) For specialised operations, elements of the aircraft/FSTD training and operator proficiency check that cover the relevant aspects associated with the specialised task and are not related to the type or group of types may be credited towards the other groups or types, based on a risk assessment performed by the operator.
  • (d) For operations on more than one helicopter type or variant that are used for conducting sufficiently similar operations, if line checks rotate between types or variants, each line check shall revalidate the line check for the other helicopter types or variants.
  • (e) Appropriate procedures and any operational restrictions shall be specified in the operations manual for any operation on more than one type or variant.’;
  • ‘(c) In the case of CAT operations, training and checking programmes, including syllabi and the use of the means to deliver the programme such as individual flight simulation training devices (FSTDs) and other training solutions, shall be approved by the competent authority.
  • (d) The FSTD used to meet the requirements of this Subpart shall be qualified in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 and it shall replicate the aircraft used by the operator, as far as practicable. Differences between the FSTD and the aircraft shall be described and addressed through a briefing or training, as appropriate.’;
  • ‘(f) The operator shall monitor the validity of each recurrent training and checking.
  • (g) The validity periods required in this Subpart shall be counted from the end of the month in which the recency, training or check was completed.’;
  • ‘(b) In the case of flight and flight simulation training, checking and assessment, the personnel that provide the training and conduct the checking or assessment shall be qualified in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011. Additionally, the personnel providing training and conducting checking towards specialised operations shall be suitably qualified for the relevant operation.’;
  • ‘(d) Notwithstanding point (b), the line evaluation of competence may be conducted by a suitably qualified commander nominated by the operator that is standardised in EBT concepts and the assessment of competencies (line evaluator).’;
  • ‘(e) Notwithstanding point (b), the aircraft/FSTD training and the operator proficiency check may be conducted by a suitably qualified commander holding a FI/TRI/SFI certificate and nominated by the operator for any of the following operations:
  • (1) CAT operations of helicopters meeting the criteria defined in point ORO.FC.005(b)(2);
  • (2) CAT operations of other than complex motor-powered helicopters by day and over routes navigated by reference to visual landmarks;
  • (3) CAT operations of performance class B aeroplanes that do not meet the criteria defined in point ORO.FC.005(b)(1).
  • (f) Notwithstanding point (b), the aircraft/FSTD training and the demonstration of competence/operator proficiency check may be conducted by a suitably qualified pilot-in-command/commander nominated by the operator for any of the following operations:
  • (1) specialised operations;
  • (2) CAT operations of aeroplanes meeting the criteria defined in point ORO.FC.005(b)(2).
  • (g) Notwithstanding point (b), the line check may be conducted by a suitably qualified commander nominated by the operator.
  • (h) The operator shall inform the competent authority about the persons nominated under points (e) to (g).’;
  • ‘(d) Specific requirements for helicopter operations

For all operations of helicopters with an MOPSC of more than 19 and for operations under IFR of helicopters with an MOPSC of more than 9, the minimum flight crew shall be two pilots.’;

‘In order to be able to fly under IFR or at night with a minimum flight crew of one pilot, the following shall be complied with:’;

  • ‘(b) INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK’;
  • ‘(b) Once an operator conversion course has been commenced, the flight crew member shall not be assigned to flying duties on another type or class of aircraft until the course is completed or terminated. Crew members operating only performance class B aeroplanes may be assigned to flights on other types of performance class B aeroplanes during conversion courses to the extent necessary to maintain the operation. Crew members may be assigned to flights on single-engined helicopters during an operator conversion course on a single-engined helicopter, provided that the training is unaffected.’;
  • ‘(f) If operational circumstances, such as applying for a new AOC or adding a new aircraft type or class to the fleet, do not allow the operator to comply with the requirements in (d), the operator may develop a specific conversion course, to be used temporarily for a limited number of pilots.’;

‘ORO.FC.230   Recurrent training and checking

(a) Each flight crew member shall complete recurrent training and checking relevant to the type or variant, and associated equipment of aircraft on which they operate.

(b) Operator proficiency check

  • (1) Each flight crew member shall complete operator proficiency checks as part of the normal crew complement.
  • (2) When the flight crew member will be required to operate under IFR, the operator proficiency check shall be conducted without external visual reference, as appropriate.
  • (3) The validity period of the operator proficiency check shall be 6 calendar months. For operations under VFR by day of performance class B aeroplanes that are conducted during seasons not longer than 8 consecutive months, one operator proficiency check shall be sufficient. The proficiency check shall be undertaken before commencing CAT operations.

(c) Line check

Each flight crew member shall complete a line check on the aircraft. The validity period of the line check shall be 12 calendar months.

(d) Emergency and safety equipment training and checking

Each flight crew member shall complete recurrent training and checking on the location and use of all emergency and safety equipment carried on board the aircraft. The validity period of an emergency and safety equipment training and checking shall be 12 calendar months.

(e) CRM training

  • (1) Elements of CRM shall be integrated into all appropriate phases of the recurrent training.
  • (2) Each flight crew member shall undergo specific modular CRM training. All major topics of CRM training shall be covered by distributing modular training sessions as evenly as possible over each 3-year period.

(f) Each flight crew member shall undergo ground training and flight training in an FSTD or an aircraft, or a combination of FSTD and aircraft training, at least every 12 calendar months.’;

‘ORO.FC.235   Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat — aeroplanes

  • (a) Commanders of aeroplanes whose duties require them to operate in either pilot’s seat and carry out the duties of a co-pilot, or commanders required to conduct training or checking duties shall complete additional training and checking to ensure that they are proficient in conducting the relevant normal, abnormal and emergency procedures from either seat. Such training and checking shall be specified in the operations manual. The checking may be conducted together with the operator proficiency check prescribed in ORO.FC.230(b) or in the EBT programme prescribed in ORO.FC.231.
  • (b) The additional training and checking shall include at least the following:
  • (1) an engine failure during take-off;
  • (2) a one-engine-inoperative approach and go-around; and
  • (3) a one-engine-inoperative landing.
  • (c) The validity period shall be 12 calendar months. For operators with an approved EBT programme, the validity is determined by the assessment and training topics in accordance with ORO.FC.232.
  • (d) When operating in the co-pilot’s seat, the checks required by ORO.FC.230 or the assessment and training required by ORO.FC.231 for operating in the commander’s seat shall, in addition, be valid and current.
  • (e) The pilot relieving the commander shall have demonstrated, concurrent with the operator proficiency checks prescribed in ORO.FC.230(b) or the assessment and training required by ORO.FC.231, practice of drills and procedures that would not normally be his or her responsibility. Where the differences between left- and right-hand seats are not significant, practice may be conducted in either seat.
  • (f) The pilot, other than the commander, occupying the commander’s seat shall demonstrate practice of drills and procedures, concurrent with the operator proficiency checks prescribed in ORO.FC.230(b) or the assessment and training required by ORO.FC.231, which are the commander’s responsibility acting as pilot monitoring. Where the differences between left- and right-hand seats are not significant, practice may be conducted in either seat.’;

‘ORO.FC.236   Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat — helicopters

  • (a) Helicopter pilots whose duties require them to operate in either pilot’s seat shall complete additional training and checking to ensure that they are proficient in conducting the relevant normal, abnormal and emergency procedures from either seat. The validity period of this qualification shall be 12 calendar months.
  • (b) Current FIs or TRIs on the relevant type are considered to fulfil the requirement of point (a) if they have had a FI or TRI activity in the last 6 months on that type and on the helicopter.’;
  • ‘(b) INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK’;
  • ‘(c) Point (a) shall not apply to operations of performance class B aeroplanes if they are limited to single-pilot classes of reciprocating engine aeroplanes under VFR by day.’;
  • ‘(a) The aeroplane operator having appropriate experience may substitute one or more of the following training and checking requirements for flight crew by an alternative training and qualification programme (ATQP), approved by the competent authority:
  • (1) set out in point SPA.LVO.120 on flight crew training and qualifications;
  • (2) set out in point ORO.FC.220 on conversion training and checking;
  • (3) set out in point ORO.FC.125 on differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training;
  • (4) set out in point ORO.FC.205 on command course;
  • (5) set out in point ORO.FC.230 on recurrent training and checking; and
  • (6) set out in point ORO.FC.240 on operation on more than one type or variant.’;
  • ‘(d) In addition to the checks required by points ORO.FC.230 and FCL.060 of Annex I (Part-FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011, each flight crew member shall complete a line oriented evaluation (LOE) conducted in an FSTD. The validity period of an LOE shall be 12 calendar months. The LOE is completed when both of the following conditions are met:
  • (1) the syllabus of the LOE is completed; and
  • (2) the flight crew member has demonstrated an acceptable level of performance.
  • (e) After 2 years of operating with an approved ATQP, the operator may, with the approval of the competent authority, extend the validity periods of the checks referred to in point ORO.FC.230 as follows:
  • (1) Operator proficiency check to 12 calendar months.
  • (2) Line check to 24 calendar months.
  • (3) Emergency and safety equipment checking to 24 calendar months.’;
  • ‘(f) Each flight crew member shall undergo specific modular CRM training. All major topics of CRM training shall be covered by distributing modular training sessions as evenly as possible over each 3-year period.
  • (g) The ATQP programme shall include 48 hours on an FSTD for each flight crew member, distributed evenly over a 3-year programme. The operator may reduce the number of FSTD hours, but no lower than 36 hours, provided that it demonstrates that the level of safety that is achieved is equivalent to that of the programme the ATQP may substitute in accordance with point (a).’;
  • ‘(a) Holders of a CPL(H) (helicopter) shall only act as commanders in CAT operations on a single-pilot helicopter if:
  • (1) when operating under IFR, they have a minimum of 700 hours total flight time on helicopters, including 300 hours as pilot-in-command. The total flight time on helicopters shall include 100 hours under IFR. Up to 50 hours instrument time performed on an FFS(H) level B or FTD level 3 qualification or higher qualified for instrument training, may be credited towards the 100 hours. The 300 hours as pilot-in-command may be substituted by hours operating as co-pilot within an established multi-pilot crew system prescribed in the operations manual on the basis of 2 hours of flight time as co-pilot for 1 hour flight time as pilot-in command;’;

‘ORO.FC.320   Operator conversion training and checking

The operator conversion course shall include an operator proficiency check.

ORO.FC.325   Equipment and procedure training and checking

If a flight crew member undergoes equipment and procedure training that requires training on a suitable FSTD or the aircraft, with regard to standard operating procedures related to a specialised operation, the flight crew member shall undergo an operator proficiency check.’;

‘ORO.FC.330   Recurrent training and checking — operator proficiency check

  • (a) Each flight crew member shall complete recurrent training and operator proficiency checks. In the case of specialised operations, the recurrent training and checking shall cover the relevant aspects associated with the specialised tasks described in the operations manual.
  • (b) Appropriate consideration shall be given when operations are undertaken under IFR or at night.
  • (c) The validity period of the operator proficiency check shall be 12 calendar months.’;

‘Appendix I

DECLARATION in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 on air operations DECLARATION in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 on air operations DECLARATION in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 on air operations DECLARATION in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 on air operations DECLARATION in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 on air operations DECLARATION in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 on air operations
Operator Name: Place in which the operator has its principal place of business or, if the operator has no principal place of business, place in which the operator is established or residing and place from which the operations are directed: Name and contact details of the accountable manager: Operator Name: Place in which the operator has its principal place of business or, if the operator has no principal place of business, place in which the operator is established or residing and place from which the operations are directed: Name and contact details of the accountable manager: Operator Name: Place in which the operator has its principal place of business or, if the operator has no principal place of business, place in which the operator is established or residing and place from which the operations are directed: Name and contact details of the accountable manager: Operator Name: Place in which the operator has its principal place of business or, if the operator has no principal place of business, place in which the operator is established or residing and place from which the operations are directed: Name and contact details of the accountable manager: Operator Name: Place in which the operator has its principal place of business or, if the operator has no principal place of business, place in which the operator is established or residing and place from which the operations are directed: Name and contact details of the accountable manager: Operator Name: Place in which the operator has its principal place of business or, if the operator has no principal place of business, place in which the operator is established or residing and place from which the operations are directed: Name and contact details of the accountable manager:
Aircraft operation Aircraft operation Aircraft operation Aircraft operation Aircraft operation Aircraft operation
Starting date of operation and applicability date of the change: Starting date of operation and applicability date of the change: Starting date of operation and applicability date of the change: Starting date of operation and applicability date of the change: Starting date of operation and applicability date of the change: Starting date of operation and applicability date of the change:
Information on aircraft, operation and continuing airworthiness management organisation[^ntr25-L_2021450EN.01003601-E0001]: Information on aircraft, operation and continuing airworthiness management organisation[^ntr25-L_2021450EN.01003601-E0001]: Information on aircraft, operation and continuing airworthiness management organisation[^ntr25-L_2021450EN.01003601-E0001]: Information on aircraft, operation and continuing airworthiness management organisation[^ntr25-L_2021450EN.01003601-E0001]: Information on aircraft, operation and continuing airworthiness management organisation[^ntr25-L_2021450EN.01003601-E0001]: Information on aircraft, operation and continuing airworthiness management organisation[^ntr25-L_2021450EN.01003601-E0001]:
Type(s) of aircraft, registration(s) and main base: Type(s) of aircraft, registration(s) and main base: Type(s) of aircraft, registration(s) and main base: Type(s) of aircraft, registration(s) and main base: Type(s) of aircraft, registration(s) and main base: Type(s) of aircraft, registration(s) and main base:
Aircraft MSN29 Aircraft type Aircraft registration30 Main base Type(s) of operation31 Organisation responsible for the continuing airworthiness management32
The operator shall obtain a prior approval33 or specific approval34 for certain operations before conducting such operations. The operator shall obtain a prior approval33 or specific approval34 for certain operations before conducting such operations. The operator shall obtain a prior approval33 or specific approval34 for certain operations before conducting such operations. The operator shall obtain a prior approval33 or specific approval34 for certain operations before conducting such operations. The operator shall obtain a prior approval33 or specific approval34 for certain operations before conducting such operations. The operator shall obtain a prior approval33 or specific approval34 for certain operations before conducting such operations.
Where applicable, details of approvals held. Attach the list of specific approvals. Include: — specific approvals granted by a third country, if applicable; — name of operations conducted with operational credits (e.g. EFVS 200, SA CAT I, etc.). Where applicable, details of approvals held. Attach the list of specific approvals. Include: — specific approvals granted by a third country, if applicable; — name of operations conducted with operational credits (e.g. EFVS 200, SA CAT I, etc.). Where applicable, details of approvals held. Attach the list of specific approvals. Include: — specific approvals granted by a third country, if applicable; — name of operations conducted with operational credits (e.g. EFVS 200, SA CAT I, etc.). Where applicable, details of approvals held. Attach the list of specific approvals. Include: — specific approvals granted by a third country, if applicable; — name of operations conducted with operational credits (e.g. EFVS 200, SA CAT I, etc.). Where applicable, details of approvals held. Attach the list of specific approvals. Include: — specific approvals granted by a third country, if applicable; — name of operations conducted with operational credits (e.g. EFVS 200, SA CAT I, etc.). Where applicable, details of approvals held. Attach the list of specific approvals. Include: — specific approvals granted by a third country, if applicable; — name of operations conducted with operational credits (e.g. EFVS 200, SA CAT I, etc.).
Where applicable, details of specialised operations authorisation held (attach authorisation(s), if applicable). Where applicable, details of specialised operations authorisation held (attach authorisation(s), if applicable). Where applicable, details of specialised operations authorisation held (attach authorisation(s), if applicable). Where applicable, details of specialised operations authorisation held (attach authorisation(s), if applicable). Where applicable, details of specialised operations authorisation held (attach authorisation(s), if applicable). Where applicable, details of specialised operations authorisation held (attach authorisation(s), if applicable).
Where applicable, list of alternative means of compliance (AltMoC) with references to the associated AMC they replace (attach AltMoC). Where applicable, list of alternative means of compliance (AltMoC) with references to the associated AMC they replace (attach AltMoC). Where applicable, list of alternative means of compliance (AltMoC) with references to the associated AMC they replace (attach AltMoC). Where applicable, list of alternative means of compliance (AltMoC) with references to the associated AMC they replace (attach AltMoC). Where applicable, list of alternative means of compliance (AltMoC) with references to the associated AMC they replace (attach AltMoC). Where applicable, list of alternative means of compliance (AltMoC) with references to the associated AMC they replace (attach AltMoC).
Statements Statements Statements Statements Statements Statements
☐ The operator complies, and continues to comply, with the essential requirements set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council and with the requirements of Regulation (EU) No 965/2012. ☐ The management system documentation, including the operations manual, shall comply with the requirements of Annex III (Part-ORO), Annex V (Part-SPA), Annex VI (Part-NCC) or Annex VIII (Part-SPO) to Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 and all flights shall be made in accordance with the provisions of the operations manual as required by point ORO.GEN.110(b) of Part-ORO. ☐ The operator complies, and continues to comply, with the essential requirements set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council and with the requirements of Regulation (EU) No 965/2012. ☐ The management system documentation, including the operations manual, shall comply with the requirements of Annex III (Part-ORO), Annex V (Part-SPA), Annex VI (Part-NCC) or Annex VIII (Part-SPO) to Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 and all flights shall be made in accordance with the provisions of the operations manual as required by point ORO.GEN.110(b) of Part-ORO. ☐ The operator complies, and continues to comply, with the essential requirements set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council and with the requirements of Regulation (EU) No 965/2012. ☐ The management system documentation, including the operations manual, shall comply with the requirements of Annex III (Part-ORO), Annex V (Part-SPA), Annex VI (Part-NCC) or Annex VIII (Part-SPO) to Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 and all flights shall be made in accordance with the provisions of the operations manual as required by point ORO.GEN.110(b) of Part-ORO. ☐ The operator complies, and continues to comply, with the essential requirements set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council and with the requirements of Regulation (EU) No 965/2012. ☐ The management system documentation, including the operations manual, shall comply with the requirements of Annex III (Part-ORO), Annex V (Part-SPA), Annex VI (Part-NCC) or Annex VIII (Part-SPO) to Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 and all flights shall be made in accordance with the provisions of the operations manual as required by point ORO.GEN.110(b) of Part-ORO. ☐ The operator complies, and continues to comply, with the essential requirements set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council and with the requirements of Regulation (EU) No 965/2012. ☐ The management system documentation, including the operations manual, shall comply with the requirements of Annex III (Part-ORO), Annex V (Part-SPA), Annex VI (Part-NCC) or Annex VIII (Part-SPO) to Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 and all flights shall be made in accordance with the provisions of the operations manual as required by point ORO.GEN.110(b) of Part-ORO. ☐ The operator complies, and continues to comply, with the essential requirements set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council and with the requirements of Regulation (EU) No 965/2012. ☐ The management system documentation, including the operations manual, shall comply with the requirements of Annex III (Part-ORO), Annex V (Part-SPA), Annex VI (Part-NCC) or Annex VIII (Part-SPO) to Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 and all flights shall be made in accordance with the provisions of the operations manual as required by point ORO.GEN.110(b) of Part-ORO.
☐ All operated aircraft shall hold: — a valid certificate of airworthiness in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 or, for aircraft registered in a third country, in accordance with ICAO Annex 8; and — when used for SPO activities, a valid lease agreement as per ORO.SPO.100. ☐ All operated aircraft shall hold: — a valid certificate of airworthiness in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 or, for aircraft registered in a third country, in accordance with ICAO Annex 8; and — when used for SPO activities, a valid lease agreement as per ORO.SPO.100. ☐ All operated aircraft shall hold: — a valid certificate of airworthiness in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 or, for aircraft registered in a third country, in accordance with ICAO Annex 8; and — when used for SPO activities, a valid lease agreement as per ORO.SPO.100. ☐ All operated aircraft shall hold: — a valid certificate of airworthiness in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 or, for aircraft registered in a third country, in accordance with ICAO Annex 8; and — when used for SPO activities, a valid lease agreement as per ORO.SPO.100. ☐ All operated aircraft shall hold: — a valid certificate of airworthiness in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 or, for aircraft registered in a third country, in accordance with ICAO Annex 8; and — when used for SPO activities, a valid lease agreement as per ORO.SPO.100. ☐ All operated aircraft shall hold: — a valid certificate of airworthiness in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 or, for aircraft registered in a third country, in accordance with ICAO Annex 8; and — when used for SPO activities, a valid lease agreement as per ORO.SPO.100.
☐ All flight crew members shall hold a licence in accordance with Annex I to Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 as required by point ORO.FC.100(c) of Part-ORO, and cabin crew members shall, where applicable, be trained in accordance with Subpart CC of Part-ORO. ☐ All flight crew members shall hold a licence in accordance with Annex I to Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 as required by point ORO.FC.100(c) of Part-ORO, and cabin crew members shall, where applicable, be trained in accordance with Subpart CC of Part-ORO. ☐ All flight crew members shall hold a licence in accordance with Annex I to Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 as required by point ORO.FC.100(c) of Part-ORO, and cabin crew members shall, where applicable, be trained in accordance with Subpart CC of Part-ORO. ☐ All flight crew members shall hold a licence in accordance with Annex I to Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 as required by point ORO.FC.100(c) of Part-ORO, and cabin crew members shall, where applicable, be trained in accordance with Subpart CC of Part-ORO. ☐ All flight crew members shall hold a licence in accordance with Annex I to Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 as required by point ORO.FC.100(c) of Part-ORO, and cabin crew members shall, where applicable, be trained in accordance with Subpart CC of Part-ORO. ☐ All flight crew members shall hold a licence in accordance with Annex I to Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 as required by point ORO.FC.100(c) of Part-ORO, and cabin crew members shall, where applicable, be trained in accordance with Subpart CC of Part-ORO.
☐ (If applicable) The operator shall implement and demonstrate conformity to a recognised industry standard. Reference of the standard: Certification body: Date of the last conformity audit: ☐ (If applicable) The operator shall implement and demonstrate conformity to a recognised industry standard. Reference of the standard: Certification body: Date of the last conformity audit: ☐ (If applicable) The operator shall implement and demonstrate conformity to a recognised industry standard. Reference of the standard: Certification body: Date of the last conformity audit: ☐ (If applicable) The operator shall implement and demonstrate conformity to a recognised industry standard. Reference of the standard: Certification body: Date of the last conformity audit: ☐ (If applicable) The operator shall implement and demonstrate conformity to a recognised industry standard. Reference of the standard: Certification body: Date of the last conformity audit: ☐ (If applicable) The operator shall implement and demonstrate conformity to a recognised industry standard. Reference of the standard: Certification body: Date of the last conformity audit:
☐ The operator shall notify to the competent authority any changes in circumstances affecting its compliance with the essential requirements set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 and with the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 as declared to the competent authority through this declaration, and any changes to the information and lists of AltMoC included in and annexed to this declaration, as required by point ORO.GEN.120(a) of Part-ORO. ☐ The operator shall notify to the competent authority any changes in circumstances affecting its compliance with the essential requirements set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 and with the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 as declared to the competent authority through this declaration, and any changes to the information and lists of AltMoC included in and annexed to this declaration, as required by point ORO.GEN.120(a) of Part-ORO. ☐ The operator shall notify to the competent authority any changes in circumstances affecting its compliance with the essential requirements set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 and with the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 as declared to the competent authority through this declaration, and any changes to the information and lists of AltMoC included in and annexed to this declaration, as required by point ORO.GEN.120(a) of Part-ORO. ☐ The operator shall notify to the competent authority any changes in circumstances affecting its compliance with the essential requirements set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 and with the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 as declared to the competent authority through this declaration, and any changes to the information and lists of AltMoC included in and annexed to this declaration, as required by point ORO.GEN.120(a) of Part-ORO. ☐ The operator shall notify to the competent authority any changes in circumstances affecting its compliance with the essential requirements set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 and with the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 as declared to the competent authority through this declaration, and any changes to the information and lists of AltMoC included in and annexed to this declaration, as required by point ORO.GEN.120(a) of Part-ORO. ☐ The operator shall notify to the competent authority any changes in circumstances affecting its compliance with the essential requirements set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 and with the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 as declared to the competent authority through this declaration, and any changes to the information and lists of AltMoC included in and annexed to this declaration, as required by point ORO.GEN.120(a) of Part-ORO.
☐ The operator shall confirm that the information disclosed in this declaration is correct. ☐ The operator shall confirm that the information disclosed in this declaration is correct. ☐ The operator shall confirm that the information disclosed in this declaration is correct. ☐ The operator shall confirm that the information disclosed in this declaration is correct. ☐ The operator shall confirm that the information disclosed in this declaration is correct. ☐ The operator shall confirm that the information disclosed in this declaration is correct.
Date, name, and signature of the accountable manager Date, name, and signature of the accountable manager Date, name, and signature of the accountable manager Date, name, and signature of the accountable manager Date, name, and signature of the accountable manager Date, name, and signature of the accountable manager

’

‘CAT.GEN.MPA.100   Crew responsibilities

  • (a) The crew member shall be responsible for the proper execution of his or her duties that are:
  • (1) related to the safety of the aircraft and its occupants; and
  • (2) specified in the instructions and procedures in the operations manual.
  • (b) The crew member shall:
  • (1) report to the commander any fault, failure, malfunction or defect which the crew member believes may affect the airworthiness or safe operation of the aircraft including emergency systems, if not already reported by another crew member;
  • (2) report to the commander any incident that endangered, or could have endangered, the safety of the operation, if not already reported by another crew member;
  • (3) comply with the relevant requirements of the operator’s occurrence reporting schemes;
  • (4) comply with all flight and duty time limitations (FTL) and rest requirements applicable to their activities;
  • (5) when undertaking duties for more than one operator:
  • (i) maintain his or her individual records regarding flight and duty times and rest periods as referred to in the applicable FTL requirements;
  • (ii) provide each operator with the data needed to schedule activities in accordance with the applicable FTL requirements; and
  • (iii) provide each operator with the data needed regarding operations on more than one type or variant.
  • (c) The crew member shall not perform duties on an aircraft:
  • (1) when under the influence of psychoactive substances or when unfit due to injury, fatigue, medication, sickness or other similar causes;
  • (2) until a reasonable time period has elapsed after deep water diving or following blood donation;
  • (3) if applicable medical requirements are not fulfilled;
  • (4) if he or she is in any doubt of being able to accomplish his or her assigned duties; or
  • (5) if he or she knows or suspects that he or she is suffering from fatigue as referred to in Annex V, point 7.5, to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 or feels otherwise unfit, to the extent that the flight may be endangered.’;

‘CAT.OP.MPA.101   Altimeter check and settings

  • (a) The operator shall establish procedures for altimeter checking before each departure.
  • (b) The operator shall establish procedures for altimeter settings for all phases of flight, which shall take into account the procedures established by the State of the aerodrome or the State of the airspace, if applicable.’;

‘CAT.OP.MPA.107   Adequate aerodrome

The operator shall consider an aerodrome as adequate if, at the expected time of use, the aerodrome is available and equipped with necessary ancillary services such as air traffic services (ATS), sufficient lighting, communications, meteorological reports, navigation aids and emergency services.’;

‘CAT.OP.MPA.110   Aerodrome operating minima

  • (a) The operator shall establish aerodrome operating minima for each departure, destination or alternate aerodrome that is planned to be used in order to ensure separation of the aircraft from terrain and obstacles and to mitigate the risk of loss of visual references during the visual flight segment of instrument approach operations.
  • (b) The method used to establish aerodrome operating minima shall take all the following elements into account:
  • (1) the type, performance, and handling characteristics of the aircraft;
  • (2) the equipment available on the aircraft for the purpose of navigation, acquisition of visual references, and/or control of the flight path during take-off, approach, landing, and the missed approach;
  • (3) any conditions or limitations stated in the aircraft flight manual (AFM);
  • (4) the relevant operational experience of the operator;

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