LegalizeCommission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 of 1 August 2022 implementing Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the performance of heavy-duty trailers with regard to their influence on the CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, energy consumption and zero emission driving range of motor vehicles and amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683 (Text with EEA relevance)
CHAPTER I
SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
Article 1
Scope
This Regulation applies to vehicles of categories O3 and O4, other than:
(a) vehicles with a bodywork other than a box shaped bodywork as defined in Article 2, point (2);
(b) vehicles with a technically permissible maximum mass lower than 8 000 kg;
(c) vehicles with more than three axles;
(d) link drawbar trailers and link semi-trailers;
(e) converter dollies;
(f) vehicles exceeding the maximum authorised dimensions laid down in Annex XIII, section E to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/535 (1);
(g) vehicles with driven axles.
Article 2
Definitions
The following definitions shall apply:
(1) ‘simulation tool’ means an electronic tool, developed by the Commission, which is used to assess the performance of vehicles of categories O3 and O4 with regard to their influence on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of motor vehicles;
(2) ‘box shaped bodywork’ means an enclosed superstructure integral to the frame of the vehicle, which covers the goods being transported, and for which the attributed digits used to supplement the codes of bodywork are 03, 04, 05, 06 or 32, in accordance with Annex III, Table 3;
(3) ‘hashing tool’ means an electronic tool, developed by the Commission, which provides an unequivocal association between the certified component, separate technical unit or system and its certification document, or between a vehicle and its manufacturer's records file and its customer information file;
(4) ‘manufacturer’ means the person or body that is responsible to the approval authority for all aspects of the certification process and for ensuring conformity of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems, irrespective of whether that person or body is directly involved in all stages of the construction of the component, separate technical unit or system which is the subject of the certification;
(5) ‘vehicle manufacturer’ means a body or person responsible for issuing the manufacturer’s records file and the customer information file pursuant to Article 8;
(6) ‘CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties’ means characteristics specific to a component, separate technical unit and system which determine the impact of the part on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of a vehicle;
(7) ‘aerodynamic device’ means a device, equipment, or a combination thereof in a specific configuration designed to reduce the aerodynamic drag of vehicle combinations consisting of at least a motor vehicle and a trailer or semi-trailer;
(8) ‘generic geometry’ means a three dimensional model developed by the Commission for computational fluid dynamics simulations;
(9) ‘manufacturer’s records file’ means a file produced by the simulation tool which contains manufacturer related information, a documentation of the input data and input information to the simulation tool, and the performance of the vehicle with regard to its influence on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of motor vehicles, and which takes the form of the template laid down in Annex IV, Part I;
(10) ‘customer information file’ means a file produced by the simulation tool which contains a set of vehicle related information and the performance of the vehicle with regard to its influence on CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, of motor vehicles, and which takes the form of the template laid down in Annex IV, Part II;
(11) ‘input data’ means information on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a component, separate technical unit or system which is used by the simulation tool to determine the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of a vehicle;
(12) ‘input information’ means information about the characteristics of a vehicle which is used by the simulation tool to determine the influence on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of that vehicle and which is not part of input data;
(13) ‘authorised entity’ means a national authority authorised by a Member State to request relevant information from the manufacturers and vehicle manufacturers on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a specific component, specific separate technical unit or specific system and CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles respectively.
CHAPTER II
VEHICLE GROUPS, ELECTRONIC TOOLS AND VEHICLE GENERIC GEOMETRIES
Article 3
Vehicle groups
Vehicle manufactures shall classify their vehicles in vehicle groups in accordance with Annex I, Point 2.
Article 4
Electronic tools
Vehicle manufacturers shall use the following electronic tools provided by the Commission free of charge in the form of downloadable and executable software:
(a) the simulation tool;
(b) the hashing tool.
The Commission shall maintain the electronic tools and provide modifications and updates to those tools.
CHAPTER III
LICENCE TO OPERATE THE SIMULATION TOOL FOR THE PURPOSES OF TYPE-APPROVAL
Article 5
Application for a licence to operate the simulation tool to assess the performance of new vehicles with regard to their influence on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption
The application for a licence to operate the simulation tool shall be accompanied by all of the following:
(a) a detailed description of the processes referred to in Annex II, Point 1;
(b) the assessment referred to in Annex II, Point 2.
Article 6
Administrative provisions for the granting of the licence to operate the simulation tool
Article 7
Subsequent changes to the processes set up for assessing the performance of new vehicles with regard to their influence on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption
CHAPTER IV
OPERATION OF THE SIMULATION TOOL
Article 8
Obligation to assess the performance of new vehicles with regard to their influence on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption
With the exception of the cases referred to in Article 21(2), second subparagraph, and in Article 23(3), any changes to the manufacturer's records file shall be prohibited.
Each customer information file shall contain an imprint of the cryptographic hash of the manufacturer's records file.
Article 9
Modifications of, updates to and malfunctionings of the simulation and hashing tool
Article 10
Accessibility of the simulation tool inputs and output information
CHAPTER V
CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION RELATED PROPERTIES OF AERODYNAMIC DEVICES AND TYRES
Article 11
Components, separate technical units and systems relevant for assessing the performance of new vehicles with regard to their influence on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption
The input data for the simulation tool shall contain data about the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the following components, separate technical units and systems:
(a) aerodynamic devices;
(b) tyres.
Article 12
Standard values
The standard values for aerodynamic devices shall be determined and allocated automatically by the simulation tool by using the parameters laid down in Annex V, Appendix 6.
Article 13
Certified values
The certified values for aerodynamic devices shall be determined in accordance with Annex V, Point 3.
Article 14
Vehicle generic geometries
For the determination of the aerodynamic device data specified in Annex V, manufacturers of aerodynamic devices shall use the following generic geometries:
(a) a 4x2 tractor generic geometry;
(b) a 4x2 tractor generic geometry for volume oriented semi-trailers;
(c) a 4x2 rigid lorry generic geometry;
(d) a 6x2 rigid lorry generic geometry;
(e) a semi-trailer generic geometry;
(f) a volume oriented semi-trailer generic geometry;
(g) a drawbar trailer generic geometry;
(h) a volume oriented drawbar trailer generic geometry;
(i) a centre-axle trailer generic geometry;
(j) a volume oriented centre-axle trailer generic geometry;
(k) a rear flap generic geometry;
(l) semi-trailer side covers generic geometry.
Article 15
Family concept for aerodynamic devices using certified values
The CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the aerodynamic device referred to in the first subparagraph shall be determined in accordance with Annex V, Point 3.
Article 16
Application for a certification of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of aerodynamic devices and their families
The application for certification referred to in paragraph 1 shall take the form of the template set out in Annex V, Appendix 2.
That application shall be accompanied by all of the following:
(a) an explanation of the elements of design of the aerodynamic device which have a non-negligible effect on the CO2 emissions, fuel and energy consumption related properties of the aerodynamic device;
(b) the validation report as specified in Annex V, Point 3;
(c) the technical report including the computer simulation results as specified in Annex V, Point 3;
(d) a documentation package for the correct installation of the aerodynamic device;
(e) a statement of compliance issued pursuant to Annex IV, Point 2 to Regulation (EU) 2018/858.
Article 17
Certification of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of aerodynamic devices
Approval authorities shall not assign the same certification number to another family of aerodynamic devices. The certification number shall be the identifier of the technical report.
Article 18
Extension to include an aerodynamic device into a family of aerodynamic devices
Manufacturers of the aerodynamic devices concerned shall modify the information document referred to in Article 16(2) accordingly and provide that document to the approval authority.
Article 19
Changes relevant for the certification of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of aerodynamic devices
Where manufacturers of aerodynamic devices do not apply for a new certification or a revision within that deadline, or where the application is rejected, the approval authorities shall withdraw the certificate.
CHAPTER VI
CONFORMITY OF SIMULATION TOOL OPERATION, INPUT INFORMATION AND INPUT DATA
Article 20
Responsibilities of the vehicle manufacturer, the approval authority and the Commission with regard to the conformity of simulation tool operation
Approval authorities may carry out the assessment more than once per year, but not more than four times a year, where they consider such assessments justified.
Article 21
Remedial measures for the conformity of simulation tool operation
Approval authorities may require vehicle manufacturers to issue a new manufacturer's records file, customer information file, individual approval certificate and certificate of conformity on the basis of a new assessment of the performance of the vehicle with regard to its influence on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption reflecting the changes implemented in accordance with the approved plan of remedial measures referred to in paragraph 1.
Article 22
Responsibilities of the manufacturer and of the approval authority with regard to the conformity of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the aerodynamic devices
Manufacturers of aerodynamic devices shall take the necessary measures in accordance with Annex IV, Point 3 to Regulation (EU) 2018/858 to ensure that the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the aerodynamic devices referred to in Article 11(1), point (a), which have been the subject of certification in accordance with Article 17, do not deviate from the certified values.
Article 23
Remedial measures for the conformity of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of aerodynamic devices
Approval authorities may require vehicle manufacturers who installed the aerodynamic devices concerned in their vehicles to issue a new manufacturer's records file, customers information file, individual vehicle approval certificate and certificate of conformity on the basis of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of those aerodynamic devices obtained by means of the measures referred to in Article 22.
CHAPTER VII
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 24
Transitional provisions
Without prejudice to Article 9(3), where the obligations referred to in Article 8 have not been complied with, Member States shall prohibit the registration, sale or entry into service of vehicles that belong to vehicle groups for which the first two digits are 11, 12, 13, 42, 43, 61, 62 and 63 as from 1 July 2024.
Article 25
Amendments to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683
Annexes I, II, III and VIII to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683 are amended in accordance with Annex VI to this Regulation.
Article 26
Entry into force and application
This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. Article 8(4) shall, however, apply from 1 January 2024.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
ANNEX I
1. Definitions
For the purposes of this Annex, the following definitions apply:
(1) ‘soft shell box body’ means a box shaped bodywork where at least the two sides of the body are covered by tarpaulin entirely or between the upper edge of the hinged side panels and the roof of the superstructure, and for which the digits used to supplement the codes of bodywork are 32, or 06.
(2) ‘hard shell box body’ means a box shaped bodywork for which the digits used to supplement the codes of bodywork are 03 or 05.
(3) ‘refrigerated box body’ means a box shaped bodywork for which the digits used to supplement the codes of bodywork are 04.
(4) ‘internal height of the body’ means the internal height of the body dimension without taking into account internal projections (including wheel boxes, ribs and hooks) as defined in point 6.15 of Standard ISO 612:1978. If the roof is curved, the dimension shall be measured between the horizontal planes tangential to the apices of the curved surface, the dimension being measured inside the body.
(5) ‘internal length of the body’ means the internal length of the body dimension without taking into account internal projections (including wheelboxes, ribs and hooks) as defined in point 6.15 of Standard ISO 612:1978. If the front or rear wall is curved, the dimension shall be measured between the vertical planes tangential to the apices of the curved surface(s), the dimension being measured inside the body.
(6) ‘volume orientation’ means that the trailer is primarily designed for the transport of voluminous goods and has an internal height of not less than 2,9 meters: (a) in the case of semi-trailers, measured from the landing gear to the end of the loading area; (b) in the case of drawbar trailers, and centre-axle trailers, measured along the entire length of the loading area.
2. Classification of vehicles in vehicle groups
| Description of elements relevant to the classification | Vehicle group | Allocation of mission profile and vehicle configuration | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of axles | Bodywork type | TPMLM (*2) axle assembly [t] | Volume orientation | Long haul | Long haul (EMS (*1)) | Regional delivery | Regional delivery (EMS (*1)) | Urban delivery | |
| DA semi-trailers | |||||||||
| 1 | soft shell box body | ≥ 8,0 t | No | 111 | 5RD | 5RD | 5RD | ||
| Yes | 111V | 5RD | 5RD | 5RD | |||||
| hard shell box body | ≥ 8,0 t | No | 112 | 5RD | 5RD | 5RD | |||
| Yes | 112V | 5RD | 5RD | 5RD | |||||
| refrigerated box body | ≥ 8,0 t | No | 113 | 5RD | 5RD | 5RD | |||
| 2 | soft shell box body | ≥ 8,0 t and ≤ 18 t | No | 121 | 5LH | 5LH | 5LH | ||
| Yes | 121V | 5LH | 5LH | 5LH | |||||
| > 18 t | No | 122 | 5LH | 5LH | 5LH | ||||
| Yes | 122V | 5LH | 5LH | 5LH | |||||
| hard shell box body | ≥ 8,0 t and ≤ 18 t | No | 123 | 5LH | 5LH | 5LH | |||
| Yes | 123V | 5LH | 5LH | 5LH | |||||
| > 18 t | No | 124 | 5LH | 5LH | 5LH | ||||
| Yes | 124V | 5LH | 5LH | 5LH | |||||
| refrigerated box body | ≥ 8,0 t and ≤ 18 t | No | 125 | 5LH | 5LH | 5LH | |||
| > 18 t | No | 126 | 5LH | 5LH | 5LH | ||||
| 3 | soft shell box body | ≥ 8,0 t | No | 131 | 5LH | 5LH | 5LH | ||
| Yes | 131V | 5LH | 5LH | 5LH | |||||
| hard shell box body | ≥ 8,0 t | No | 132 | 5LH | 5LH | 5LH | |||
| Yes | 132V | 5LH | 5LH | 5LH | |||||
| refrigerated box body | ≥ 8,0 t | No | 133 | 5LH | 5LH | 5LH | |||
| 4 | soft shell box body | --- | No | (141) | |||||
| --- | Yes | (141V) | |||||||
| hard shell box body | --- | No | (142) | ||||||
| --- | Yes | (142V) | |||||||
| refrigerated box body | --- | No | (143) | ||||||
| (1) EMS – European Modular System (2) TPMLM – Technically permissible maximum laden mass RD = Regional delivery LH = Long haul | |||||||||
| Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups | Vehicle group | Allocation of mission profile and vehicle configuration | |||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
| Number of axles | Bodywork type | TPMLM (*2) axle assembly [t] | Volume orientation | Long haul | Long haul (EMS (*1)) | Regional delivery | Regional delivery (EMS (*1)) | Urban delivery | |
| Link semi-trailers | |||||||||
| 2 | soft shell box body | --- | No | (221) | |||||
| hard shell box body | --- | No | (222) | ||||||
| refrigerated box body | --- | No | (223) | ||||||
| 3 | soft shell box body | --- | No | (231) | |||||
| hard shell box body | --- | No | (232) | ||||||
| refrigerated box body | --- | No | (233) | ||||||
| (1) EMS – European Modular System (2) TPMLM – Technically permissible maximum laden mass | |||||||||
| Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups | Vehicle group | Allocation of mission profile and vehicle configuration | |||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
| Number of axles | Bodywork type | TPMLM (*2) axle assembly [t] | Volume orientation | Long haul | TPMLM (*2) axle assembly [t] | Regional delivery | Regional delivery (EMS (*1)) | Urban delivery | |
| SJ converter dollies | |||||||||
| 2 | converter dolly | --- | No | (321) | |||||
| Yes | (321V) | ||||||||
| (1) EMS – European Modular System (2) TPMLM – Technically permissible maximum laden mass | |||||||||
| Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups | Vehicle group | Allocation of mission profile and vehicle configuration | |||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Number of axles | Bodywork type | TPMLM (*2) axle assembly [t] | Volume orientation | Long haul | Long haul (EMS (*1)) | Regional delivery | Regional delivery (EMS (*1)) | Urban delivery | |
| DB drawbar trailers | |||||||||
| 2 | soft shell box body | --- | No | 421 | 9LH | 9LH | 9LH | ||
| Yes | 421V | 9LH | 9LH | 9LH | |||||
| hard shell box body | --- | No | 422 | 9LH | 9LH | 9LH | |||
| Yes | 422V | 9LH | 9LH | 9LH | |||||
| refrigerated box body | --- | No | 423 | 9LH | 9LH | 9LH | |||
| 3 | soft shell box body | --- | No | 431 | 4LH | 4LH | 4LH | ||
| Yes | 431V | 4LH | 4LH | 4LH | |||||
| hard shell box body | --- | No | 432 | 4LH | 4LH | 4LH | |||
| Yes | 432V | 4LH | 4LH | 4LH | |||||
| refrigerated box body | --- | No | 433 | 4LH | 4LH | 4LH | |||
| 4 | soft shell box body | --- | No | (441) | |||||
| Yes | (441V) | ||||||||
| hard shell box body | --- | No | (442) | ||||||
| Yes | (442V) | ||||||||
| refrigerated box body | --- | No | (443) | ||||||
| (1) EMS – European Modular System (2) TPMLM – Technically permissible maximum laden mass LH = Long haul | |||||||||
| Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups | Vehicle group | Allocation of mission profile and vehicle configuration | |||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
| Number of axles | Bodywork type | TPMLM (*2) axle assembly [t] | Volume orientation | Long haul | Long haul (EMS (*1)) | Regional delivery | Regional delivery (EMS (*1)) | Urban delivery | |
| Link drawbar trailer | |||||||||
| 4 | soft shell box body | --- | No | (541) | |||||
| hard shell box body | --- | No | (542) | ||||||
| refrigerated box body | --- | No | (543) | ||||||
| (1) EMS – European Modular System (2) TPMLM – Technically permissible maximum laden mass | |||||||||
| Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups | Vehicle group | Allocation of mission profile and vehicle configuration | |||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Number of axles | Bodywork type | TPMLM (*2) axle assembly [t] | Volume orientation | Long haul | Long haul (EMS (*1)) | Regional delivery | Regional delivery (EMS (*1)) | Urban delivery | |
| DC centre-axle trailers | |||||||||
| 1 | soft shell box body | --- | No | 611 | 2RD | 2RD | 2RD | ||
| --- | Yes | 611V | 2RD | 2RD | 2RD | ||||
| hard shell box body | --- | No | 612 | 2RD | 2RD | 2RD | |||
| --- | Yes | 612V | 2RD | 2RD | 2RD | ||||
| 2 | soft shell box body | ≤ 13,5 t | No | 621 | 2RD | 2RD | 2RD | ||
| Yes | 621V | 2RD | 2RD | 2RD | |||||
| > 13,5 t | No | 622 | 9LH | 9LH | 9LH | ||||
| Yes | 622V | 9LH | 9LH | 9LH | |||||
| hard shell box body | ≤ 13,5 t | No | 623 | 2RD | 2RD | 2RD | |||
| Yes | 623V | 2RD | 2RD | 2RD | |||||
| > 13,5 t | No | 624 | 9LH | 9LH | 9LH | ||||
| Yes | 624V | 9LH | 9LH | 9LH | |||||
| refrigerated box body | > 13,5 t | No | 625 | 9LH | 9LH | 9LH | |||
| 3 | soft shell box body | --- | No | 631 | 4LH | 4LH | 4LH | ||
| --- | Yes | 631V | 4LH | 4LH | 4LH | ||||
| hard shell box body | --- | No | 632 | 4LH | 4LH | 4LH | |||
| --- | Yes | 632V | 4LH | 4LH | 4LH | ||||
| refrigerated box body | --- | No | 633 | 4LH | 4LH | 4LH | |||
| (1) EMS – European Modular System (2) TPMLM – Technically permissible maximum laden mass RD = Regional delivery LH = Long haul |
ANNEX II
1.The processes to be set up by the vehicle manufacturer for the operation of the simulation tool
1.1.The vehicle manufacturer shall set up the following processes:
1.1.1.A data management system covering sourcing, storing, handling and retrieving of the input information and input data for the simulation tool as well as handling certificates on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of component families, separate technical unit families and system families. The data management system shall:
(a) ensure the application of correct input information and input data to specific vehicle configurations;
(b) ensure the correct calculation and application of standard values;
(c) verify by means of comparing cryptographic hashes that the input files of component families, separate technical unit families and system families which are used for the simulation correspond to the input data of the component families, separate technical unit families and system families for which the certification has been granted;
(d) contain a protected database for storing the input data relating to the component families, separate technical unit families or system families and the corresponding certificates of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties;
(e) ensure the correct management of the changes of specification and updates of components, separate technical units and systems;
(f) enable the tracing of the components, separate technical units and systems after the vehicle has been produced.
1.1.2.A data management system covering retrieval of the input information and input data and calculations by means of the simulation tool and storing of the output data. The data management system shall:
(a) ensure the correct application of cryptographic hashes;
(b) contain a protected database for storing the output data;
1.1.3.A process for consulting the dedicated electronic distribution platform referred to in Article 4(2) and Article 9(1) and (2), as well as downloading and installing the latest versions of the simulation tool.
1.1.4.Appropriate training of staff working with the simulation tool.
2.Assessment by the approval authority
2.1.The approval authority shall assess whether the processes set out in point 1 for the operation of the simulation tool have been set up.
This assessment shall contain the following verifications:
(a) the functioning of the processes set out in points 1.1.1, 1.1.2 and 1.1.3 and the application of the requirement set out in point 1.1.4;
(b) that the processes used during the demonstration are applied in the same manner in all the production facilities of the vehicle manufacturer;
(c) the completeness of the description of the data and process flows of operations related to the assessment of the performance of new vehicles with regard to their influence on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption.
For the purpose of point 2.1.(a), the assessment shall include the determination of the performance with regard to the influence on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of at least one vehicle for which the licence has been applied for.
Appendix 1
SECTION I
1.Name and address of the vehicle manufacturer:
2.Assembly plants for which the processes referred to in point 1 of Annex II of Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 have been set up for the operation of the simulation tool:
3.Vehicle groups covered:
4.Name and address of the vehicle manufacturer's representative (if any)
SECTION II
1.Additional information
1.1.Data and process flow handling description
1.2.Description of quality management process
1.3.Additional quality management certificates (if any)
1.4.Description of simulation tool data sourcing, handling and storage
1.5.Additional documents (if any)
2.Date: …
3.Signature: …
Appendix 2
LICENCE TO OPERATE THE SIMULATION TOOL TO ASSESS THE INFLUENCE OF NEW VEHICLES ON THE CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION
| Communication concerning: — granting (1) — extension (1) — refusal (1) — withdrawal (2) | |
|---|---|
| Stamp | |
| (1) Delete as appropriate (2) Delete as appropriate |
of the licence to operate the simulation tool with regard to Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 as implemented by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362.
Licence number:
Reason for extension:...
SECTION I
0.1Name and address of the manufacturer:
0.2Assembly plants for which the processes referred to in Annex II, point 1 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 have been set up for the operation of the simulation tool
0.3Vehicle groups covered:
SECTION II
1.Additional information
1.1.Assessment report performed by an approval authority
1.2.Data and process flow handling description
1.3.Description of quality management process
1.4.Additional quality management certificates (if any)
1.5.Description of simulation tool data sourcing, handling and storage
1.6.Additional documents (if any)
2.Approval authority responsible for the assessment
3.Date of the assessment report
4.Number of the assessment report
5.Remarks (if any):
6.Place
7.Date
8.Signature
ANNEX III
1. Introduction
This Annex III describes the list of parameters to be provided by the vehicle manufacturer as input to the simulation tool. The applicable XML schema as well as example data are available at the dedicated electronic distribution platform.
2. Definitions
For the purposes of this Annex, the following definitions apply:
(1) ‘parameter ID’ means the unique identifier used in the simulation tool for a specific input parameter or set of input data;
(2) ‘type’: Data type of the parameter string … sequence of characters in ISO8859-1 encoding token … sequence of characters in ISO8859-1 encoding, no leading/trailing whitespace date… date and time in UTC time in the format: YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ integer… value with an integral data type, no leading zeros double, X … fractional number with exactly X digits after the decimal sign (‘.’) and no leading zeros boolean … accepted values ‘true’, ‘false’, and also ‘1’ (for true) and ‘0’ (for false)
(3) ‘unit’… means the physical unit of the parameter;
(4) ‘trailer coupling point high’ means the clevis type drawbar coupling, with a jaw and an automatic closing and locking pin on the towing vehicle for connecting to the trailer by means of a drawbar eye, with higher clearance from the centre of coupling point to the ground, commonly intended for towing trailers type DB and DC;
(5) ‘trailer coupling point low’ means the clevis type drawbar coupling, with a jaw and an automatic closing and locking pin on the towing vehicle for connecting to the trailer by means of a drawbar eye, with lower clearance from the centre of coupling point to the ground, commonly intended for towing trailers type DC;
(6) ‘maximum external dimensions of body’: (a) ‘external length of the body’ means the external length of the body dimension without taking into account external body projections (aerodynamic devices and equipment). (b) ‘external width of the body’ means the external width of the body dimension without taking into account external body projections (aerodynamic devices and equipment). (c) ‘external height of the body’ means the external height of the body dimension without taking into account external body projections (aerodynamic devices and equipment).
(7) ‘total height of the trailer’ (unladen) means the distance between the supporting surface and a horizontal plane touching the topmost part of a vehicle, as defined in point 6.3 of Standard ISO 612:1978.
(8) ‘cargo volume’ means the internal volume of the body which is available to be filled with load;
(9) ‘axle-lift device’ means a mechanism as defined in Annex XIII, Part 2, Section A, point 1.33 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/535;
(10) ‘lift axle or retractable axle’ means an axle as defined in Annex XIII, Part 2, Section A, point 1.34 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/535;
(11) ‘steering axle’ means, for trailers, either of the following: (a) an axle equipped with a system designed to create a change of steering angle on wheels when acted upon by forces or moments applied through the tyre to road contact; (b) an axle equipped with a system in which the steering forces to change steered wheels direction are produced by a change in direction of the towing vehicle and in which the movement of the steered trailer wheels is linked to the relative angle between the longitudinal axis of the towing vehicle and that of the trailer; (c) an axle equipped with a system which produces the steering forces as decoupled system by an algorithm or manually;
(12) ‘drop side tarpaulin body’ means a bodywork with hinged tail and side panels and a tarpaulin body with a total body height comparable to that of curtain-sided bodywork.
The devices and equipment referred in Annex XIII, Part 2, Section F to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/535 shall not be taken into account for the determination of the length, width, height of the vehicle and maximum external dimensions of the body.
3. Set of input parameters
In Tables 1 and 2, the set of input parameters regarding the characteristics of the vehicle are specified.
| Parameter name | Parameter ID | Type | Unit | Description/Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacturer | T001 | token | [-] | |
| Manufacturer Address | T002 | token | [-] | |
| Model / Commercial name | T003 | token | [-] | |
| VIN | T004 | token | [-] | |
| Date | T005 | dateTime | [-] | Date and time when input information and input data is created |
| Legislative category | T006 | string | [-] | Allowed values: 'O3', 'O4' |
| Number of axles | T007 | integer | [-] | Allowed values: 1, 2, 3 |
| Trailer type | T008 | string | [-] | Allowed values: 'DA', 'DB', 'DC' |
| Bodywork type | T009 | string | [-] | Allowed values: 'dry box', 'refrigerated', 'conditioned', 'curtain-sided', 'drop-side with tarpaulin body' |
| Volume orientation | T010 | boolean | [-] | In accordance with Point 7 of Annex I, .to this Regulation. |
| Corrected mass in running order | T011 | integer | [kg] | In accordance with Point 1.3.(b), Section A, Part 2, of Annex XIII, , to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/535. In case of vehicles with 04 bodywork without an equipment to maintain the interior temperature, a generic mass of X[kg]=(850 kg/85m3)×cargo volume[m3] shall be added. |
| TPMLM trailer | T012 | integer | [kg] | In accordance with Point 1.6., Section A, Part 2, of Annex XIII to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/535 |
| TPMLM axle assembly | T013 | Integer | [kg] | In accordance with Point 1.13., Section A, Part 2, of Annex XIII to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/535 In case of trailer type ‘DB’, no input shall be provided. |
| External length of the body | T014 | double, 3 | [m] | In accordance with Point 2(6)(a) of Annex III to this Regulation. |
| External width of the body | T015 | double, 3 | [m] | In accordance with Point 2(6)(b) of Annex III to this Regulation. |
| External height of the body | T016 | double, 3 | [m] | In accordance with Point 2(6)(c) of Annex III to this Regulation. |
| Total height of the trailer | T017 | double, 3 | [m] | In accordance with Point 2(7) of Annex III to this Regulation. |
| Length from trailer front end to centre of first axle | T018 | double, 3 | [m] | Distance between front end of the trailer to centre of first axle. In case of 3-axle DB trailer: distance from the front end of the trailer to the centre of the last axle from the first set of axles. |
| Length between centres of axles | T019 | double, 3 | [m] | Distance between centre of first and last axle. In case of 3-axle DB trailer: distance from the centre of the last axle of the first set of axles to the first axle of the last set of axles. |
| Trailer Coupling Point | T020 | string | [-] | Allowed values 'high', 'low'. In accordance with Points 2(4) and 2(5) of Annex III to this Regulation, Input only relevant for trailer type DC. |
| Cargo volume | T021 | double, 3 | [m3] | In accordance with Point 2(8) of Annex III to this Regulation |
| Standard aerodynamic devices | T022 | string | [-] | Allowed values: 'side cover short', 'side cover long', 'rear flap short', 'rear flap long'. Multiple entries allowed. Inputs to be declared in accordance with Appendix 5 to Annex V; The input of standard aerodynamic devices shall not be combined with input for certified aerodynamic devices. |
| Certification number aerodynamic device | T023 | token | [-] | |
| Parameter name | Parameter ID | Type | Unit | Description/Reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Certification number tyres | T024 | token | [-] | |
| Twin tyres | T025 | boolean | [-] | |
| Steered | T026 | boolean | [-] | |
| Liftable | T027 | boolean | [-] |
4. Bodywork types
The vehicle manufacturer shall declare the bodywork type in the input to the simulation tool in accordance with Table 3.
| Bodywork type to be declared as input | Bodywork code in accordance with Appendix 2 to Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/858 |
|---|---|
| 'dry box' | '03' |
| 'refrigerated' | '04' |
| 'conditioned' | '05' |
| 'curtain-sided' | '06' |
| 'drop-side tarpaulin body' | '32' with a tarpaulin body height as defined in Annex III, point 2(12). |
Appendix 1
1. Main vehicle data
1.1.Name of the vehicle manufacturer …
1.2.Address of the vehicle manufacturer …
1.3.Model / Commercial name ...
1.4.Vehicle identification number (VIN) …
1.5.Legislative category (O3, O4) …
1.6.Number of axles …
1.7.Trailer type (DA; DB, DC) …
1.8.Bodywork code (03,04,05,06,32) ...
1.9.Trailer coupling point – only for DC (high, low) ...
1.10.Volume orientation (yes/no)
1.11.Corrected mass in running order (kg)...
1.12.Technical Permissible Maximum Laden Mass of trailer (kg)...
1.13.Technical Permissible Maximum Laden Mass of axle assembly (kg)...
2. Vehicle dimensions
2.1.External length of the body (m)...
2.2.External width of the body (m)...
2.3.External height of the body (m)...
2.4.Total height of the trailer (m)...
2.5.Cargo volume (m3)...
2.6.Length from trailer front end to centre of first axle (m)...
2.7.Length between centres of axles (m)...
2.8.Trailer coupling point (high/low)
3. Aerodynamic device
3.1.Certification number of the certified aerodynamic device ...
3.2.Elements of the standard aerodynamic device (none, short side covers ...) …
4. Axle and tyre features
4.1.Axle 1
4.1.1.Tyre certification number ...
4.1.2.Twin tyre (yes/no) ...
4.1.3.Axle steered (yes/no) ...
4.1.4.Axle liftable (yes/no) ...
4.2.Axle 2
4.2.1.Tyre certification number ...
4.2.2.Twin tyre (yes/no) ...
4.2.3.Axle steered (yes/no) ...
4.2.4.Axle liftable (yes/no) ...
4.3.Axle 3
4.3.1.Tyre certification number ...
4.3.2.Twin tyre (yes/no) ...
4.3.3.Axle steered (yes/no) ...
4.3.4.Axle liftable (yes/no) ...
ANNEX IV
PART I
Manufacturer's records file
The manufacturer's records file will be produced by the simulation tool and shall contain the following information:
1. Vehicle, component, separate technical unit and systems data
1.1.1.Name and address of the manufacturer ...
1.1.2.Model / Commercial name ...
1.1.3.Vehicle identification number (VIN)...
1.1.4.Legislative category (O3, O4)...
1.1.5.Number of axles...
1.1.6.Trailer type (DA; DB, DC) ....
1.1.7.Bodywork type (e.g. dry box, refrigerated) ...
1.1.8.Trailer coupling point – only for DC (high, low) ...
1.1.9.Volume orientation (yes/no)
1.1.10.Corrected mass in running order (kg)...
1.1.11.Technical Permissible Maximum Laden Mass of trailer (kg)...
1.1.12.Technical Permissible Maximum Laden Mass of axle assembly (kg)...
1.1.13.Vehicle group in accordance with Table 1 of Annex I ...
1.1.14.Vehicle group in accordance with the documentation of the simulation tool…
1.2.1.External length of the body (m)...
1.2.2.External width of the body (m)...
1.2.3.External height of the body (m)...
1.2.4.Total height of the trailer (m)...
1.2.5.Cargo volume (m3)...
1.2.6.Length from trailer front end to centre of first axle (m)...
1.2.7.Length between centres of axles (m)...
1.3.1.Certification number of the certified aerodynamic device ...
1.3.2.Standard values for aerodynamic devices used (no, side covers short, ...)...
1.3.3.Aerodynamic reductions
1.3.3.1.Delta CD×A yaw 0° (%)...
1.3.3.2.Delta CD×A yaw 3° (%)...
1.3.3.3.Delta CD×A yaw 6° (%)...
1.3.3.4.Delta CD×A yaw 9° (%)...
1.3.4.Hash of the aerodynamic device input data and input information
1.4.1.Axle 1
1.4.1.1.Tyre model ...
1.4.1.2.Tyre certification number ...
1.4.1.3.Tyre size designation ...
1.4.1.4.Specific RRC (N/N) ...
1.4.1.5.Fuel efficiency class (e.g. A, B ..) ...
1.4.1.6.Hash of the tyre input data and input information ...
1.4.1.7.Twin tyre (yes/no) ...
1.4.1.8.Axle steered (yes/no) ...
1.4.1.9.Axle liftable (yes/no) ...
1.4.2.Axle 2
1.4.2.1.Tyre model ...
1.4.2.2.Tyre certification number ...
1.4.2.3.Tyre size designation ...
1.4.2.4.Specific RRC (N/N) ...
1.4.2.5.Fuel efficiency class (e.g. A, B ..) ...
1.4.2.6.Hash of the tyre input data and input information ...
1.4.2.7.Twin tyre (yes/no) ...
1.4.2.8.Axle steered (yes/no) ...
1.4.2.9.Axle liftable (yes/no) ...
1.4.3.Axle 3
1.4.3.1.Tyre model ...
1.4.3.2.Tyre certification number ...
1.4.3.3.Tyre size designation ...
1.4.3.4.Specific RRC (N/N) ...
1.4.3.5.Fuel efficiency class (e.g. A, B ..) ...
1.4.3.6.Hash of the tyre input data and input information ...
1.4.3.7.Twin tyre (yes/no) ...
1.4.3.8.Axle steered (yes/no) ...
1.4.3.9.Axle liftable (yes/no) ...
2. Mission profile and payload depending values
2.1.Main simulation parameters
2.1.1.Generic towing vehicle configuration...
2.1.2.Mission profile (e.g. long haul, regional delivery)...
2.1.3.Payload (kg) ...
2.2.Results
2.2.1.Total vehicle mass in simulation (kg) ...
2.2.2.CD×A values
2.2.2.1.CD×A value yaw angle 0° (m2) ...
2.2.2.2.CD×A value yaw angle 3° (m2) ...
2.2.2.3.CD×A value yaw angle 6° (m2) ...
2.2.2.4.CD×A value yaw angle 9° (m2) ...
2.2.3.Average speed (km/h)
2.2.4.Fuel consumption
2.2.4.1.Fuel consumption (g/km)...
2.2.4.2.Fuel consumption (g/t-km)...
2.2.4.3.Fuel consumption (g/m3-km)...
2.2.4.4.Fuel consumption (l/100km)…
2.2.4.5.Fuel consumption (l/t-km)…
2.2.4.6.Fuel consumption (l/m3-km)…
2.2.5.CO2 emissions
2.2.5.1.CO2 emissions (g/km)...
2.2.5.2.CO2 emissions (g/t-km)...
2.2.5.3.CO2 emissions (g/m3-km)...
2.2.6.Efficiency ratios
2.2.6.1.Efficiency ratio – kilometre based (-)...
2.2.6.2.Efficiency ratio – ton-kilometre based (-)...
2.2.6.3.Efficiency ratio – m3-kilometre based (-)...
3. Weighted results
3.1.Payload (kg) ...
3.2.Fuel consumption
3.2.1.Fuel consumption (g/km)...
3.2.2.Fuel consumption (g/t-km)…
3.2.3.Fuel consumption (g/m3-km)…
3.2.4.Fuel consumption (l/100km)…
3.2.5.Fuel consumption (l/t-km)…
3.2.6.Fuel consumption (l/m3-km)…
3.3.CO2 emissions
3.3.1.CO2 emissions (g/km)…
3.3.2.CO2 emissions (g/t-km)…
3.3.3.CO2 emissions (g/m3-km)…
3.4.Efficiency ratios
3.4.1.Efficiency ratio – kilometre based (-)…
3.4.2.Efficiency ratio – ton-kilometre based (-)…
3.4.3.Efficiency ratio – m3-kilometre based (-)…
4. Generation of vehicle input data and input information
4.1.Date and time ...
4.2.Cryptographic hash ...
5. Software information
5.1.Simulation tool version (X.X.X)…
5.2.Date and time of the simulation
PART II
Customer information file
1. Vehicle, component, separate technical unit and systems data
1.1.1.Name and address of the manufacturer …
1.1.2.Model / Commercial name ...
1.1.3.Vehicle identification number (VIN)…
1.1.4.Legislative category (O3, O4)…
1.1.5.Number of axles…
1.1.6.Trailer type (DA; DB, DC) …
1.1.7.Bodywork type …
1.1.8.Trailer coupling point (high, low) …
1.1.9.Volume orientation (yes/no)
1.1.10.Corrected mass in running order (kg)…
1.1.11.Technical Permissible Maximum Laden Mass of trailer (kg)…
1.1.12.Technical Permissible Maximum Laden Mass of axle assembly (kg)…
1.1.13.Vehicle group in accordance with Table 1 of Annex I ...
1.1.14.Vehicle group in accordance with the documentation of the simulation tool…
1.2.1.External length of the body (m)…
1.2.2.External width of the body (m)…
1.2.3.External height of the body (m)…
1.2.4.Total height of the trailer (m)…
1.2.5.Cargo volume (m3)…
1.3.1.Elements of a standard aerodynamic device (e.g. none, short side covers, …) …
1.3.2.Certification number of a certified aerodynamic device …
1.3.3.Aerodynamic reductions
1.3.3.1.Delta CD×A yaw 0° (%)…
1.3.3.2.Delta CD×A yaw 3° (%)…
1.3.3.3.Delta CD×A yaw 6° (%)…
1.3.3.4.Delta CD×A yaw 9° (%)…
1.4.1.Axle 1
1.4.1.1.Tyre certification number …
1.4.1.2.Tyre dimension …
1.4.1.3.Fuel efficiency class in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2020/740 …
1.4.1.4.Twin tyre (yes/no) …
1.4.1.5.Axle steered (yes/no) …
1.4.1.6.Axle liftable (yes/no) …
1.4.2.Axle 2
1.4.2.1.Tyre certification number ...
1.4.2.2.Tyre dimension ...
1.4.2.3.Fuel efficiency class in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2020/740 ...
1.4.2.4.Twin tyre (yes/no) ...
1.4.2.5.Axle steered (yes/no) ...
1.4.2.6.Axle liftable (yes/no) ...
1.4.3.Axle 3
1.4.3.1.Tyre certification number ...
1.4.3.2.Tyre dimension ...
1.4.3.3.Fuel efficiency class in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2020/740...
1.4.3.4.Twin tyre (yes/no) ...
1.4.3.5.Axle steered (yes/no) ...
1.4.3.6.Axle liftable (yes/no) ...
2. Mission profile and payload depending values
2.1.Main simulation parameters
2.1.1.Generic towing vehicle configuration...
2.1.2.Mission profile (e.g. long haul, regional delivery)...
2.1.3.Payload (kg) ...
2.2.1.Total vehicle mass in simulation (kg) ...
2.2.2.Average speed (km/h)
2.2.3.Fuel consumption
2.2.3.1.Fuel consumption (g/km)...
2.2.3.2.Fuel consumption (g/t-km)...
2.2.3.3.Fuel consumption (g/m3-km)...
2.2.3.4.Fuel consumption (l/100km)…
2.2.3.5.Fuel consumption (l/t-km)…
2.2.3.6.Fuel consumption (l/m3-km)…
2.2.4.CO2 emissions
2.2.4.1.CO2 emissions (g/km)...
2.2.4.2.CO2 emissions (g/t-km)...
2.2.4.3.CO2 emissions (g/m3-km)...
2.2.5.Efficiency ratios
2.2.5.1.Efficiency ratio – kilometre based (-)...
2.2.5.2.Efficiency ratio – ton-kilometre based (-)...
2.2.5.3.Efficiency ratio – m3-kilometre based (-)...
2.2.6.Reference ratio
2.2.6.1.Reference ratio – kilometre based (-)…
3. Weighted results
3.1.Payload (kg) ...
3.2.Fuel consumption
3.2.1.Fuel consumption (g/km)...
3.2.2.Fuel consumption (g/t-km)...
3.2.3.Fuel consumption (g/m3-km)...
3.2.3.1.Fuel consumption (l/100km)…
3.2.3.2.Fuel consumption (l/t-km)…
3.2.3.3.Fuel consumption (l/m3-km)…
3.3.CO2 emissions
3.3.1.CO2 emissions (g/km)...
3.3.2.CO2 emissions (g/t-km)...
3.3.3.CO2 emissions (g/m3-km)...
3.4.Efficiency ratios
3.4.1.Efficiency ratio – kilometre based (-)...
3.4.2.Efficiency ratio – ton-kilometre based (-)...
3.4.3.Efficiency ratio – m3-kilometre based (-)...
4.1.Simulation tool version (X.X.X)...
4.2.Date and time of the simulation
4.3.Cryptographic hash of the manufacturer's records file ...
4.4.Cryptographic hash of the customer information file …
ANNEX V
1. INTRODUCTION
This Annex sets out the procedure for the determination of the aerodynamic device data.
2. DEFINITIONS
(1) Standard aerodynamic devices are aerodynamic devices for which standard values can be used in the vehicle certification. The standard aerodynamic device may consist of the following elements: (a) ‘rear flaps’ means an aerodynamic device composed by two or more rear fairing panels located at the rear end of the vehicle with the aim to reduce its wake; (b) ‘short rear flaps’ means rear flaps which lateral panels measure at least 2 meters and do not cover the total height of the body; (c) ‘tall rear flaps’ means rear flaps which lateral panels cover the entire height of the body with a tolerance of ±3% of the total height of the body; (d) ‘side covers’ means an aerodynamic device composed by panels located at the lower side of the vehicle with the aim to reduce the impact of crosswind and/or the turbulences created by the wheels on the air drag; (e) ‘short side covers’ means side covers that do not cover the area of the wheels; in case of semi-trailers, they cover only the distance between the landing gear and the beginning of the first wheel; (f) ‘long side covers’ means side covers that cover a distance between the landing gear of a semi-trailer and the rear end of the vehicle;
(2) ‘CFD’ means computational fluid dynamic simulation used for analysing complex fluid phenomena;
3. DETERMINATION OF AIR DRAG REDUCTION BY MEANS OF VIRTUAL TESTS USING CFD
3.1. Validation of the CFD method
Based on the validation process as specified in Annex VIII, Appendix 3 to Regulation (EU) 2018/858, the certification of an aerodynamic device by means of CFD shall require the CFD method to be validated against a reference CFD method as shown in Figure 1.
The CFD method to be validated shall be applied to a set of generic geometries.
Comparability of the computer simulation results shall be proven. The manufacturer of the aerodynamic device or the technical service shall draft a validation report and submit it to the approval authority.
Any change to the CFD method or to the software that is likely to invalidate the validation report shall be brought to the attention of the approval authority, which may require that a new validation process is conducted.
Once validated, the method shall be used for certifying the aerodynamic device.
3.2. Requirements for the validation of the CFD method
The validation process shall consist of simulating three different CFD simulation sets as follows:
(a) BASE set: — Generic 4x2 tractor — Generic ST1 semi-trailer.
(b) TRF set: — Generic 4x2 tractor — Generic ST1 semi-trailer — Generic tall rear flaps
(c) LSC set: — Generic 4x2 tractor — Generic ST1 semi-trailer — Generic long side covers
Each set shall be simulated at β=0,0, 3,0 and 6,0 degrees of yaw to account for crosswind effects coming from the left hand side of the vehicle, as shown in Figure 2.
The heat exchangers pressure drop shall be modelled as per equation [1]:
where the coefficients for each heat exchanger shall be as listed in Table 1.
| Coefficient | Condenser | Charge Air Cooler | Radiator |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inertial Resistance (Pi) [kg/m4] | 140,00 | 60,00 | 120,00 |
| Viscous Resistance (Pv) [kg/m3s] | 450,00 | 300,00 | 450,00 |
The CFD shall comply with the requirements listed in Table 2. The compliance for the minimum CFD requirements shall be demonstrated to the approval authority.
| Field | Value | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Vehicle velocity | 25,00 m/s | To be used as the drag coefficient reference velocity. |
| Vehicle frontal area | 10,047 m2 | To be used as the drag coefficient reference area. |
| Tractor Front Wheel Rotation axis-to-Ground Vertical Distance | 527,00 mm | |
| Semi-trailer Rear Wheel Rotation axis-to-Ground Vertical Distance | 514,64 mm | |
| Simulation Domain dimensions. Length | Length ≥ 145,00 m | |
| Simulation Domain dimensions. Width | Width ≥ 75,00 m | |
| Simulation Domain dimensions. Height | Height ≥ 25,00 m | |
| Vehicle Position Air Inlet to Vehicle Front End Distance | ≥ 25,00 m | |
| Vehicle Position Air Outlet to Vehicle Rear End Distance | ≥ 100,00 m | |
| Domain Discretization. Cell Count | ≥ 60 million cells | Mesh refinement applied to properly capture aero-relevant areas |
| Ground surface and wheels | 25,00 m/s | The ground surface of the simulation domain has to move backwards relative to the vehicle and the wheels of the vehicles have to rotate with the corresponding tangential velocity. |
The CFD method shall fulfil an accuracy for Δ(CD×A) during the validation for each of the six comparisons with respect to the reference ranges as shown in Table 3.
| Simulation set | Yaw Angle – β [deg] | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 0,0 ° | 3,0 ° | 6,0 ° | |
| TRF | -8,6 % < Δ(CD×A) < -1,6 % | -9,0 % < Δ(CD×A) < -2,0 % | -10,3 % < Δ(CD×A) < -3,3 % |
| LSC | -8,8 % < Δ(CD×A) < -1,8 % | -8,0 % < Δ(CD×A) < -1,0 % | -8,1 % < Δ(CD×A) < -1,1 % |
The validation report shall reflect the CD×A [m2] value for all nine CFD simulations as shown in Table 4.
The validation report shall contain all of the following:
— CD×A [m2] results: Table 4 (CD×A) [m2] results Simulation set Yaw Angle – β [deg] 0,0° 3,0° 6,0° BASE TRF LSC
— in the case of steady-state methods: — raw data of the evolution of CD (or CD×A) vs iteration, in *.csv format. — the average of the last 400 iterations.
— in the case of transient methods: — raw data of the evolution of CD (or CD×A) vs time, in *.csv format. — the average of the last 5,0 seconds.
— A XY plane section intersecting the entire simulation domain: — passing through the tractor front axle wheel rotation point, — showing the airflow velocity magnitude in a scale going from 0 to 30 m/s and with a colour bar divided in, at least, 18 colour levels as shown in Figure 3.
— A XY plane section intersecting the entire simulation domain: — passing through the tractor side mirrors, — showing the airflow velocity magnitude in a scale going from 0 to 30 m/s and with a colour bar divided in, at least, 18 colour levels as shown in Figure 4.
— A YZ plane section intersecting the entire simulation domain: — passing through the tractor front axle wheel rotation point, — showing the airflow velocity magnitude in a scale going from 0 to 30 m/s and with a colour bar divided in, at least, 18 colour levels as shown in Figure 5.
— A XZ plane section intersecting the entire simulation domain: — passing through the centre of the vehicle, — showing the airflow velocity magnitude in a scale going from 0 to 30 m/s and with a colour bar divided in, at least, 18 colour levels as shown in Figure 6.
The XY, YZ and XZ planes use a coordinate system fixed to the vehicle as shown in Figure 7, where,
— the X-axis is oriented along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle,
— the Y-axis is oriented along the width of the vehicle,
— the Z-axis is oriented along the height of the vehicle.
3.3. Certification of an aerodynamic device
The manufacturer of the aerodynamic device shall use generic vehicle geometries to demonstrate the performance of the aerodynamic device mounted on a trailer or semi-trailer. For that purpose, the 3D model of the aerodynamic device shall be added to the generic vehicle geometries in the same position as if it were mounted on a real vehicle.
Upon agreement of an approval authority, the manufacturer of the aerodynamic device may make changes to the generic geometries if that is necessary for the correct installation or proper operation of the aerodynamic device and if that change adequately reflects reality.
The validated CFD method shall be applied to the modified geometries and Δ(CD×A) values for 4 yaw angles shall be computed: β = 0,0, 3,0, 6,0 and 9,0 degree.
3.4. Declaration of air drag reduction values
The technical report shall reflect the aerodynamic benefit Δ(CD×A)[%] for all 4 yaw angles as shown in Table 5.
| Δ(CD×A)(β) [%] | Yaw Angle – β [deg] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0,0° | 3,0° | 6,0° | 9,0° | |
| Modified (semi-)trailer |
computed in accordance with the following formula [2]:
Where,
is the aerodynamic resistance (in m2) of the modified geometry computed by the validated CFD method for β = 0,0, 3,0, 6,0 and 9,0 degree.
is the aerodynamic resistance (in m2) of the BASE set computed by the validated CFD method for β = 0,0, 3,0, 6,0 and 9,0 degree.
Appendix 1
CERTIFICATE ON CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION RELATED PROPERTIES OF AN AERODYNAMIC DEVICE FAMILY
| Communication concerning: — granting (1) — extension (1) — refusal (1) — withdrawal (1) | Stamp |
|---|---|
| (1) Delete as appropriate |
of a certificate on CO2 emission and fuel consumption related properties of an aerodynamic device family in accordance with Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 (2).
Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362
Certification number:
Hash:
Reason for extension:
SECTION I
0.1.Make (trade name of manufacturer):
0.2.Aerodynamic device type / family (if applicable):
0.3.Aerodynamic device family member (in case of family)
0.3.1.Aerodynamic device parent
0.3.2.Aerodynamic device types within the family
0.4.Means of identification of type, if marked on the aerodynamic device
0.4.1.Location of the marking:
0.5.Name and address of the manufacturer:
0.6.In the case of components and separate technical units, location and method of affixing of the EC certification mark:
0.7.Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s):
0.9.Name and address of the representative of the manufacturer of the aerodynamic device (if any)
SECTION II
1.Additional information (where applicable): see Addendum
2.Approval authority or Technical Service:
3.Date of technical report:
4.Number of technical report:
5.Remarks (if any): see Addendum
6.Place:
7.Date:
8.Signature:
1.Information package
2.Validation report
3.Technical report
4.Documentation for the correct installation of the aerodynamic device
Appendix 2
| Description sheet no.: | Issue: 000 from: Amendment: |
|---|---|
pursuant to …
Aerodynamic device type or family (if applicable):
0. GENERAL
0.1.Name and address of the manufacturer of the aerodynamic device:
0.2.Make (trade name of the manufacturer of the aerodynamic device):
0.3.Aerodynamic device model:
0.4.Aerodynamic device family:
0.5.In the case of the aerodynamic device is a combination of aerodynamic devices or equipment, the main elements of the aerodynamic device:
0.6.Commercial name(s) (if available):
0.7.Means of identification of model, if marked on the aerodynamic device:
0.8.Location and affixing of the EC certification mark
0.9.Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s):
0.10.Name and address of the representative of the manufacturer of the aerodynamic device (if any):
PART 1
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE (PARENT) AERODYNAMIC DEVICE AND THE AERODYNAMIC DEVICE TYPES WITHIN A FAMILY
| Parent aerodynamic device | Family members | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| #1 | #2 | #3 | |
1.0. SPECIFIC AERODYNAMIC DEVICE INFORMATION
1.1.Vehicle group codes according to the input data as set out in Annex I to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362
1.2.Elements of the aerodynamic device:
1.3.Drawings of the aerodynamic device:
1.4.Working principle of retractable or folding mechanism (if applicable)
1.5.System description
LIST OF ATTACHMENTS
| No.: | Description: | Date of issue: |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | … | |
| 2 | … |
Appendix 3
In the case of an aerodynamic device certified in accordance with Annex V to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362, the device or the devices shall bear:
1.1.the name or trade mark of the manufacturer of the aerodynamic device;
1.2.the make and identifying type indication as recorded in the information referred to in point 0.2 and 0.3 of Appendix 2 to Annex V to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362;
1.3.The certification mark as a rectangle surrounding the lower-case letter ‘e’ followed by the distinguishing number of the Member State which has granted the certificate:
1 for Germany;
2 for France;
3 for Italy;
4 for the Netherlands;
5 for Sweden;
6 for Belgium;
7 for Hungary;
8 for Czechia;
9 for Spain;
12 for Austria;
13 for Luxembourg;
17 for Finland;
18 for Denmark;
19 for Romania;
20 for Poland;
21 for Portugal;
23 for Greece;
24 for Ireland;
25 for Croatia;
26 for Slovenia;
27 for Slovakia;
29 for Estonia;
32 for Latvia;
34 for Bulgaria;
36 for Lithuania;
49 for Cyprus;
50 for Malta
1.4.The certification mark shall also show in the vicinity of the rectangle the ‘base certification number’ as specified for Section 4 of the type-approval number set out in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2020/683 preceded by the two figures indicating the sequence number assigned to the latest technical amendment to this Regulation and by a character 'P' indicating that the approval has been granted for airdrag.
For this Regulation, the sequence number shall be 00.
1.5.Example and dimensions of the certification mark
The above certification mark affixed to an aerodynamic device shows that the type concerned has been certified in Hungary (e7), pursuant to this Regulation. The first two digits (02) are indicating the sequence number assigned to the latest technical amendment to this Regulation. The following letter indicates that the certificate was granted for aerodynamic device (P). The last five digits (00005) are those allocated by the approval authority to the air drag as the base certification number.
1.6.The markings, labels, plates or stickers shall be durable for the useful life of the aerodynamic device, clearly legible and indelible. The manufacturer shall ensure that the markings, labels, plates or sticker cannot be removed without destroying or defacing them.
1.7.The certification mark shall be visible when the aerodynamic device is mounted on the vehicle shall be affixed to a part necessary for normal operation and not normally requiring replacement during component life.
1.8.The certification mark shall also be affixed to the front of the trailer including a list indicated all relevant separate element of the aerodynamic device that have a certification mark. The manufacturer of the aerodynamic device shall provide markings in the form of labels, plates or stickers to the vehicle manufacturer.
1.9.In case non-certified aerodynamic devices are used for the CO2 certification of the trailer, the vehicle manufacturer shall affix a label, plate or sticker to the front of the vehicle indicating the name of the manufacturer of the aerodynamic device and the list of aerodynamic devices used for the certification.
1.10.The markings, labels, plates or stickers shall be durable for the useful life of the vehicle, clearly legible and indelible. The vehicle manufacturer shall ensure that the label, plate or sticker cannot be removed without destroying or defacing them.
2.Numbering
2.1.Certification number for air drag shall comprise the following:
eXYYYY/YYYYZZZZ/ZZZZP00000*00
| section 1 | section 2 | section 3 | Additional letter to section 3 | section 4 | section 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indication of country issuing the certificate | HDV CO2 certification for (semi-)trailers | Latest amending Regulation (ZZZZ/ZZZZ) | P =Air drag | Base certification number 00000 | Extension 00 |
Appendix 4
1. General
An aerodynamic device family is characterised by design and performance parameters. Those parameters shall be common to all members within the family. The manufacturer of the aerodynamic devices may decide which aerodynamic devices belong to a family, as long as the criteria listed in point 4 of this Appendix are respected. The Approval Authority shall approve aerodynamic device family. The manufacturer of the aerodynamic devices shall provide the Approval Authority with the appropriate information about the members of the family.
2. Special cases
2.1.In some cases, there may be interaction between parameters. The manufacturer of the aerodynamic devices shall identify those cases and take them into consideration to ensure that only aerodynamic devices with similar characteristics are included within the same family. The manufacturer of the aerodynamic devices shall notify those cases to the approval authority to take them into account as a criterion for creating a new aerodynamic device family.
2.2.The manufacturer shall identify parameters which are not listed in point 3 and which have a strong influence on the level of performance on the basis of good engineering practice and notify those parameters to the approval authority.
3. Parameters defining an aerodynamic device family
(a) shape and working principle;
(b) main dimensions;
(c) applicability on different trailer categories/types/groups.
4. Criteria for the choice of the parent aerodynamic device
4.1.The manufacturer of the aerodynamic device shall select the parent aerodynamic device of each family in accordance with the following criteria:
(a) the aerodynamic device fits the applicable generic geometry laid down in Appendix 4 of this Annex;
(b) all members of the family have an equal or higher air drag reduction than the Δ(CD×A) declared for the parent aerodynamic device;
(c) the applicant for a certificate can demonstrate, based on CFD, wind tunnel results or good engineering practice, that the selection of the parent aerodynamic device meets the criteria laid down in Point 4.1.(b).
Point (c) shall apply for all aerodynamic device variants that can be simulated by CFD as described in this Annex.
Appendix 5
1. Standard values
1.1.In case the aerodynamic devices are not certified in accordance with the method referred to in Point 3 of this Annex, the vehicle manufacturer shall use standard values. To use the standard values for vehicle certification, the aerodynamic device shall meet the geometry criteria listed in Table 1 to Table 6.
1.2.The standard values for aerodynamic reductions are allocated automatically by the simulation tool. For that purpose, the vehicle manufacturer shall use the input parameter T022 specified in Table 1 of Annex III.
1.3.In case of DA trailers, the vehicle manufacturer shall only use standard values for aerodynamic devices if the trailer is equipped with the following standard aerodynamic device configurations:
(a) short side covers;
(b) long side covers;
(c) short rear flaps;
(d) tall rear flaps;
(e) short side covers and short rear flaps;
(f) short side covers and tall rear flaps;
(g) long side covers and short rear flaps;
(h) long side covers and tall rear flaps.
1.4.In case of DB and DC trailers, the vehicle manufacturer shall only use standard values for aerodynamic devices if the trailer is equipped with the following standard aerodynamic device configurations:
(a) short side covers;
(b) short rear flaps;
(c) tall rear flaps;
(d) short side covers and short rear flaps;
(e) short side covers and tall rear flaps.
1.5.The vehicle manufacturer shall not combine standard values with the providing of input data for a certified aerodynamic device.
2. Geometry criteria
2.1.The dimensions laid down in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 and Table 6 refer to the minimum criteria an aerodynamic device shall meet to be classified under the relevant category.
To prevent significant air flow between the bodywork and the rear flaps, the vehicle manufacturer shall attach the rear flaps to the bodywork in such a way that the gap between the flaps and the bodywork does not exceed 4 mm in open position.
| Specification | Unit | External dimension (tolerance) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Length | [mm] | (*) | (*) Enough to cover from the landing gear to the rear end |
| Height | [mm] | ≥760 | In the case of a volume-oriented semi-trailer, the height shall be equal to or larger than 490mm. |
| Fillet radius | [mm] | ≤100 | As shown in Figure 6 |
| Specification | Unit | External dimension (tolerance) | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Length | [mm] | (**) | (**) Enough to cover from the landing gear to the beginning of the first wheel |
| Height | [mm] | ≥760 | In the case of a volume-oriented semi-trailer, the height shall be equal to or larger than 490mm. |
| Fillet radius | [mm] | ≤100 | As shown in Figure 5 |
| Specification | Unit | External dimension (tolerance) | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tapering angle | [o] | 13 ±2 | For top and side panels |
| Length | [mm] | ≥400 | |
| Height | [mm] | ≥2 000 | |
| Fillet radius | [mm] | ≤200 | As shown in Figure 1 |
| Specification | Unit | External dimension (tolerance) | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tapering angle | [o] | 13 ±2 | For top and side panels |
| Length | [mm] | ≥400 | |
| Height | [mm] | ≥2 850 | Alternatively, if the height of the panel covers the entire height of the body with a tolerance of ±3% of the total height of the body, the device can be considered tall rear flaps |
| Fillet radius | [mm] | ≤200 | A shown in Figure 3 |
| Specification | Unit | External dimension (tolerance) | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Length | [mm] | (***) | (***) Enough to cover the area between the wheels |
| Height | [mm] | ≥ 860 | In the case of a volume-oriented trailer, the height shall be equal to or larger than 540mm. |
| Fillet radius | [mm] | ≤100 | As shown in Figure 7 |
| Specification | Unit | External dimension (tolerance) | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Length | [mm] | () | () Enough to cover the entire length of the vehicle with the exception of the area of the wheels |
| Height | [mm] | TPMLM axle assembly ≤13,5 tonnes: ≥ 680 TPMLM axle assembly >13,5 tonnes: ≥ 860 | In the case of a volume-oriented trailer, the height shall be equal to or larger than 490mm |
| Fillet radius | [mm] | ≤100 | As shown in Figure 8 |
2.2.The drawings in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, and Figure 8 show examples for the aerodynamic devices:
Figure 1
Short rear flaps, lateral view
Figure 2
Short rear flaps, top view
Figure 3
Tall rear flaps, lateral view
Figure 4
Tall rear flaps, top view
Figure 5
Short side covers for DA trailers, lateral view
Figure 6
Long side covers for DA trailers, lateral view
Figure 7
Short side covers for DB trailers, lateral view
Figure 8
Short side covers for DC trailers, lateral view
Appendix 6
1. Introduction
This Appendix describes the list of parameters to be provided by the aerodynamic device manufacturer as input to the simulation tool. The applicable XML schema as well as example data are available at the dedicated electronic distribution platform.
2. Definitions
(1) ‘Parameter ID’: Unique identifier as used in the simulation tool for a specific input parameter or set of input data.
(2) ‘Type’: Data type of the parameter: string sequence of characters in ISO8859-1 encoding token sequence of characters in ISO8859-1 encoding, no leading/trailing whitespace date date and time in UTC time in the format: YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ with italic letters denoting fixed characters e.g. ‘2002-05-30T09:30:10Z’ integer value with an integral data type, no leading zeros, e.g. ‘1800’ double, X fractional number with exactly X digits after the decimal sign (‘.’) and no leading zeros e.g. for ‘double, 2’: ‘2 345,67 ’; for ‘double, 4’: ‘45,6780’
(3) ‘Unit’ physical unit of the parameter
3. Set of input parameters
| Parameter name | Parameter ID | Type | Unit | Description/Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacturer | T028 | token | [-] | |
| Model | T029 | token | [-] | |
| Certification number | T030 | token | [-] | |
| Date | T031 | date | [-] | Date and time when the component hash is created |
| Certified aerodynamic reduction | T032 | (double, 2)x4 | [%] | Percent reduction in air drag compared to standard aerodynamic configuration for yaw angles 0°, 3°, 6° and 9° as to be calculated in accordance with point 3.4. of Annex V |
| Applicable vehicle group | T033 | string | [-] | One entry per vehicle group for which the aerodynamic reduction has been certified |
In case standard values in accordance with Appendix 5 are used in the simulation tool, no input data need be provided for aerodynamic device component. The standard values shall be automatically allocated according to the vehicle group and aerodynamic device configuration scheme.
ANNEX VI
(1) Annex I is amended as follows: (a) the following explanatory notes are added: ‘(175)Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 (3) (176)As defined in Point (6) of Annex I, to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 (177)Drawn up in accordance with the model set out in Part I of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 (178)Drawn up in accordance with the model set out in Part II of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 (179)As indicated in point 3.1. of the customer information file drawn up in accordance with the model set out in Part II of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation 2022/1362 (180)As indicated in point 3.4. of the customer information file drawn up in accordance with the model set out in Part II of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation 2022/1362 (181)As indicated in point 1.2.5. of the customer information file drawn up in accordance with the model set out in Part II of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation 2022/1362 (182)In accordance with the tables set out in Annex I to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 (b) the following points 3.5.11., 3.5.11.1. and 3.5.11.2. are inserted: ‘3.5.11.Environmental performance assessment (of heavy-duty trailers, as specified in Article 3 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 (176) 3.5.11.1.Simulation tool license number: … 3.5.11.2.Volume oriented heavy goods vehicle: yes/no (4) (176)’;
(2) in Annex II, in Part I, B (Category O), the following points 3.5.11., 3.5.11.1. and 3.5.11.2 are inserted: ‘3.5.11.Environmental performance assessment (of heavy-duty trailers, as specified in Article 3 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 3.5.11.1Simulation tool licence number: … 3.5.11.2.Volume oriented heavy goods vehicle: yes/no (4) (176)’;
(3) in Annex III, Appendix 1, Categories O3/O4, the following is inserted after point 45.1.: ‘ Environmental performance 49.1.Cryptographic hash of the manufacturer’s records file: … (177) 49.4.Cryptographic hash of the customer information file: … (178) 49.6.Weighted payload value … t (179) 49.7.Vehicle group …(182) 49.9.Cargo volume …m3(181) 49.10.Volume orientation: yes/no (4) (176) 49.11.Efficiency ratios: … (180) 49.11.1.Efficiency ratio – kilometre based:… 49.11.2.Efficiency ratio – ton-kilometre based:… 49.11.3.Efficiency ratio – m3-kilometre based:…’;
(4) in Annex VIII, Appendix, PART I, PART 2 VEHICLE CATEGORIES O3 and O4 (complete and completed vehicles) the following points are inserted after point 45.1.: ‘ Environmental performance 49.1.Cryptographic hash of the manufacturer’s records file: … (177) 49.4.Cryptographic hash of the customer information file: … (178) 49.6.Weighted payload value … t (179) 49.7.Vehicle group …(182) 49.9.Cargo volume …m3(181) 49.10.Volume orientation: yes/no (4) (176) 49.11.Efficiency ratios: … (180) 49.11.1.Efficiency ratio – kilometre based:… 49.11.2.Efficiency ratio – ton-kilometre based:… 49.11.3.Efficiency ratio – m3-kilometre based:…’