Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2023 concerning batteries and waste batteries, amending Directive 2008/98/EC and Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 and repealing Directive 2006/66/EC (Text with EEA relevance)

• The technical documentation shall specify the applicable requirements and cover, as far as relevant for the assessment, the design, manufacture and operation of the battery.

• The technical documentation shall, where applicable, contain at least the following elements:

• (a) a general description of the battery and its intended use;

• (b) the conceptual design and manufacturing drawings and schemes of components, sub-assemblies and circuits;

• (c) the descriptions and explanations necessary for the understanding of the drawings and schemes referred to in point (b) and the operation of the battery;

• (d) a specimen of the label required in accordance with Article 13;

• (e) a list of the harmonised standards referred to in Article 15, the common specifications referred to in Article 16, or of both, applied, and, in the event of partly applied harmonised standards, common specifications, or both, an indication of which parts have been applied;

• (f) a list of other relevant technical specifications used for measurement or calculation purposes and descriptions of the solutions adopted to meet the applicable requirements referred to in point 1 or to verify the conformity of batteries with those requirements, where harmonised standards, common specifications, or both, have not been applied or are not available;

• (g) the results of design calculations made and the examinations carried out, and the technical or documentary evidence used;

• (h) a study supporting the carbon footprint values and class referred to in Article 7, containing the calculations made in accordance with the methodology set out in the delegated act adopted pursuant to Article 7(1), fourth subparagraph, point (a), and the evidence and information determining the input data for those calculations;

• (i) a study supporting the recycled content share referred to in Article 8, containing the calculations made in accordance with the methodology set out in the delegated act adopted pursuant to Article 8(1), second subparagraph, and the evidence and information determining the input data for those calculations; and

• (j) the test reports.

• 2.The manufacturer shall keep the technical documentation at the disposal of the national authorities for 10 years after the battery has been placed on the market.

• 3.Manufacturing

• The manufacturer shall take all measures necessary so that the manufacturing process and the monitoring thereof ensure that the manufactured battery is in conformity with the applicable requirements referred to in point 1.

• 4.Verification

• 1. A notified body chosen by the manufacturer shall carry out appropriate examinations, calculations, measurements and tests, as set out in the relevant harmonised standards referred to in Article 15, common specifications referred to in Article 16, or both, or equivalent tests, to check the conformity of the battery with the applicable requirements referred to in point 1, or have them carried out. In the absence of such a harmonised standard or common specification, the notified body concerned shall decide on the appropriate examinations, calculations, measurements and tests to be carried out. The notified body shall issue a certificate of conformity in respect of the examinations, calculations, measurements and tests carried out and shall affix its identification number to the approved battery, or have it affixed under its responsibility.

• 1. The manufacturer shall keep the certificates of conformity at the disposal of the national authorities for 10 years after the battery has been placed on the market.

• 5.CE marking and EU declaration of conformity

• The manufacturer shall affix the CE marking and, under the responsibility of the notified body referred to in point 4, the latter’s identification number to each battery that meets the applicable requirements referred to in point 1, or, where that is not possible or is not warranted due to the nature of the battery, to the packaging and the documents accompanying the battery.

• The manufacturer shall draw up an EU declaration of conformity in accordance with Article 18 for each battery and keep it at the disposal of the national authorities for 10 years after the battery has been placed on the market. The EU declaration of conformity shall identify the battery for which it has been drawn up.

• A copy of the EU declaration of conformity shall be made available to the national authorities upon request.

• 6.Manufacturer’s authorised representative

• The manufacturer’s obligations set out in points 2.2, 4.2 and 5 may be fulfilled by the manufacturer’s authorised representative, on the manufacturer’s behalf and under the manufacturer’s responsibility, provided that they are specified in the mandate.

ANNEX IX

EU DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY No* …

* (identification number of the declaration)

• 1.Battery model (product, category, and batch or serial number):

• 2.Name and address of the manufacturer and, where applicable, its authorised representative:

• 3.This declaration of conformity is issued under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer.

• 4.Object of the declaration (description of the battery and identification allowing traceability, and which may, where appropriate, include an image of the battery):

• 5.The object of the declaration described in point 4 is in conformity with the relevant Union harmonisation legislation: … (reference to the other Union acts applied).

• 6.References to the relevant harmonised standards or the common specifications used or references to the other technical specifications in relation to which conformity is declared:

• 7.The notified body … (name, address, number) … performed … (description of intervention) … and issued the certificate(s): … (details, including its date, and, where appropriate, information on the duration of and conditions for its validity).

• 8.Additional information

• Signed for and on behalf of:

• (place and date of issue):

• (name, function) (signature)

ANNEX X

LIST OF RAW MATERIALS AND RISK CATEGORIES

• 1.Raw materials:

• (a) cobalt;

• (b) natural graphite;

• (c) lithium;

• (d) nickel;

• (e) chemical compounds based on the raw materials listed in points (a) to (d), which are necessary for the manufacturing of the active materials of batteries.

• 2.Social and environmental risk categories:

• (a) environment, climate and human health, considering direct, induced, indirect and cumulative effects, including:
• (i) air, including air pollution such as greenhouse gas emissions,
• (ii) water, including seabed and marine environment, and including water pollution, water use, water quantities (flooding or droughts) and access to water,
• (iii) soil, including soil pollution, soil erosion, land use and land degradation,
• (iv) biodiversity, including damage to habitats, wildlife, flora and ecosystems, including ecosystem services,
• (v) hazardous substances,
• (vi) noise and vibration,
• (vii) plant safety,
• (viii) energy use,
• (ix) waste and residues;

• (b) human rights, labour rights and industrial relations, including:
• (i) occupational health and safety,
• (ii) child labour,
• (iii) forced labour,
• (iv) discrimination,
• (v) trade union freedoms;

• (c) community life, including that of indigenous peoples.

• 3.The international instruments covering the risks referred to in point 2 include:

• (a) the Ten Principles of the United Nations Global Compact;

• (b) the UNEP Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products;

• (c) the Convention on Biological Diversity, in particular Decision COP VIII/28 – Voluntary guidelines on Biodiversity-Inclusive impact assessment;

• (d) the UN Paris Agreement;

• (e) the eight fundamental ILO Conventions as defined under the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work;

• (f) any other international environmental conventions that are binding upon the Union or its Member States;

• (g) the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work;

• (h) the International Bill of Human Rights, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

• 4.The internationally recognized due diligence instruments applicable to the due diligence requirements laid down in Chapter VII of this Regulation:

• (a) the International Bill of Human Rights, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights;

• (b) the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights;

• (c) the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises;

• (d) the ILO Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy;

• (e) the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct;

• (f) the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas.

ANNEX XI

CALCULATION OF COLLECTION RATES FOR WASTE PORTABLE BATTERIES AND WASTE LMT BATTERIES

• 1.Producers of the relevant category of batteries or, where appointed in accordance with Article 57(1), producer responsibility organisations, and Member States shall calculate the collection rate as the percentage obtained by dividing the weight of waste batteries, collected in accordance with Articles 59, 60 and 69, respectively, in a given calendar year in a Member State by the average weight of such batteries that producers either make available on the market directly to end-users or deliver to third parties in order to make them available on the market to end-users in that Member State during the three preceding calendar years. The collection rate shall be calculated for portable batteries in accordance with Article 59, and for LMT batteries in accordance with Article 60 respectively.

Year	Data collection	Data collection	Calculation	Reporting requirement
Year 1	Sales in year 1 (S1)
Year 2	Sales in year 2 (S2)
Year 3	Sales in year 3 (S3)
Year 4	Sales in year 4 (S4)	Collection in year 4 (C4)	Collection rate (CR4) = 3*C4/(S1+S2+S3)	CR4
Year 5	Sales in year 5 (S5)	Collection in year 5 (C5)	Collection rate (CR5) = 3*C5/(S2+S3+S4)	CR5
Etc.	Etc.	Etc.	Etc.

• 2.Producers of the relevant category of batteries or, where appointed in accordance with Article 57(1), producer responsibility organisations, and Member States shall calculate the annual sales of batteries to end-users in a given year, as the weight of such batteries made available on the market for the first time within the territory of the Member State in the year concerned, excluding any batteries that have left the territory of that Member State in that year, before being sold to the end-users. Those sales shall be calculated separately for portable batteries and for LMT batteries.

• 3.For each battery, only the first time it is made available on the market in a Member State shall be counted.

• 4.The calculation provided for in points 1 and 2 shall be based on collected data or statistically significant estimates based on collected data.

ANNEX XII

STORAGE AND TREATMENT, INCLUDING RECYCLING, REQUIREMENTS

Part A: Storage and treatment requirements

• 1.Treatment shall, as a minimum, include removal of all fluids and acids.

• 2.Treatment and any storage, including temporary storage, at treatment facilities, including recycling facilities, shall take place in sites with impermeable surfaces and suitable weatherproof covering or in suitable containers.

• 3.Waste batteries in treatment facilities, including recycling facilities, shall be stored in such a way that they are not mixed with waste from conductive or combustible materials.

• 4.Special precautions and safety measures shall be in place for the treatment of waste lithium-based batteries during handling, sorting and storage. Such measures shall include protection from exposure to:

• (a) excessive heat, such as high temperatures, fire or direct sunlight;

• (b) water, such as precipitation and flooding;

• (c) any crushing or physical damage.

• Waste lithium-based batteries shall be stored in their normally installed orientation, that is, never inverted, and in well-ventilated areas and they shall be covered with a high voltage rubber isolation. Storage facilities for waste lithium-based batteries shall be marked with a warning sign.

• 5.Mercury shall be separated during treatment into an identifiable stream, which is safely immobilised and disposed of and cannot cause adverse effects on human health or the environment.

• 6.Cadmium shall be separated during treatment into an identifiable stream, which is given a safe destination and cannot cause adverse effects on human health or the environment.

Part B: Targets for recycling efficiency

• 1.No later than 31 December 2025, recycling shall achieve at least the following targets for recycling efficiency:

• (a) recycling of 75 % by average weight of lead-acid batteries;

• (b) recycling of 65 % by average weight of lithium-based batteries;

• (c) recycling of 80 % by average weight of nickel-cadmium batteries;

• (d) recycling of 50 % by average weight of other waste batteries.

• 2.No later than 31 December 2030, recycling shall achieve at least the following targets for recycling efficiency:

• (a) recycling of 80 % by average weight of lead-acid batteries;

• (b) recycling of 70 % by average weight of lithium-based batteries.

Part C: Targets for recovery of materials

• 1.No later than 31 December 2027, all recycling shall achieve at least the following targets for recovery of materials:

• (a) 90 % for cobalt;

• (b) 90 % for copper;

• (c) 90 % for lead;

• (d) 50 % for lithium;

• (e) 90 % for nickel.

• 2.No later than 31 December 2031, all recycling shall achieve at least the following targets for recovery of materials:

• (a) 95 % for cobalt;

• (b) 95 % for copper;

• (c) 95 % for lead;

• (d) 80 % for lithium;

• (e) 95 % for nickel.

ANNEX XIII

INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN THE BATTERY PASSPORT

1. PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE INFORMATION RELATING TO THE BATTERY MODEL

A battery passport shall include the following information relating to the battery model, which shall be accessible to the public:

• (a) the information specified in Part A of Annex VI;

• (b) the material composition of the battery, including its chemistry, hazardous substances present in the battery, other than mercury, cadmium or lead, and critical raw materials present in the battery;

• (c) the carbon footprint information referred to in Article 7(1) and (2);

• (d) information on responsible sourcing as indicated in the report on battery due diligence policy referred to in Article 52(3);

• (e) recycled content information as contained in the documentation referred to in Article 8(1);

• (f) the share of renewable content;

• (g) rated capacity (in Ah);

• (h) minimal, nominal and maximum voltage, with temperature ranges when relevant;

• (i) original power capability (in Watts) and limits, with temperature range when relevant;

• (j) expected battery lifetime expressed in cycles, and reference test used;

• (k) capacity threshold for exhaustion (only for electric vehicle batteries);

• (l) temperature range the battery can withstand when not in use (reference test);

• (m) period for which the commercial warranty for the calendar life applies;

• (n) initial round trip energy efficiency and at 50 % of cycle-life;

• (o) internal battery cell and pack resistance;

• (p) c-rate of relevant cycle-life test.

• (q) the marking requirements laid down in Article 13(4) and (5);

• (r) the EU declaration of conformity referred to in Article 18;

• (s) the information regarding the prevention and management of waste batteries laid down in Article 74(1), points (a) to (f).

2. INFORMATION RELATING TO THE BATTERY MODEL ACCESSIBLE ONLY TO PERSONS WITH A LEGITIMATE INTEREST AND THE COMMISSION

A battery passport shall include the following information relating to the battery model, which shall be accessible only to persons with a legitimate interest and the Commission:

• (a) detailed composition, including materials used in the cathode, anode and electrolyte;

• (b) part numbers for components and contact details of sources for replacement spares;

• (c) dismantling information, including at least:
• — exploded diagrams of the battery system/pack showing the location of battery cells,
• — disassembly sequences,
• — type and number of fastening techniques to be unlocked,
• — tools required for disassembly,
• — warnings if risk of damaging parts exist,
• — amount of cells used and layout;

• (d) safety measures.

3. INFORMATION ACCESSIBLE ONLY TO NOTIFIED BODIES, MARKET SURVEILLANCE AUTHORITIES AND THE COMMISSION

A battery passport shall include the following information relating to the battery model, which shall be accessible only to notified bodies, market surveillance authorities and the Commission:

• — results of test reports proving compliance with the requirements laid down in this Regulation or any delegated or implementing act adopted pursuant to this Regulation.

4. INFORMATION AND DATA RELATING TO AN INDIVIDUAL BATTERY ACCESSIBLE ONLY TO PERSONS WITH A LEGITIMATE INTEREST

A battery passport shall include the following specific information and data relating to an individual battery, which shall be accessible only to persons with a legitimate interest:

• (a) the values for performance and durability parameters referred to in Article 10(1), when the battery is placed on the market and when it is subject to changes in its status;

• (b) information on the state of health of the battery pursuant to Article 14;

• (c) information on the status of the battery, defined as ‘original’, ‘repurposed’, ‘re-used’, ‘remanufactured’ or ‘waste’;

• (d) information and data resulting from its use, including the number of charging and discharging cycles and negative events, such as accidents, as well as periodically recorded information on the operating environmental conditions, including temperature, and on the state of charge.

ANNEX XIV

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SHIPMENTS OF USED BATTERIES

• 1.In order to distinguish between used and waste batteries, where the holder, meaning the natural or legal person in possession of the used batteries or the waste batteries, claims that it intends to ship or is shipping used batteries and not waste batteries, that holder shall be required to have available the following to substantiate that claim:

• (a) a copy of the invoice and contract relating to the sale or transfer of ownership of the batteries which states that the batteries are destined for direct re-use and that they are fully functional;

• (b) evidence of evaluation or testing in the form of a copy of the records, such as the certificate of testing, proof of functionality for every battery or fraction thereof in the consignment, and the protocol containing all information on the record in accordance with point 3;

• (c) a declaration made by the holder that none of the material or equipment within the consignment is waste as defined by Article 3, point (1), of Directive 2008/98/EC; and

• (d) appropriate protection against damage during transportation, loading and unloading, in particular through sufficient packaging and appropriate stacking of the load.

• 2.Point 1(a) and (b) and point 3 shall not apply where it is demonstrated by documentary proof that the shipment is taking place in the framework of a business-to-business transfer agreement and that:

• (a) the used battery is sent back to the producer or a third party acting on its behalf for repair under warranty with the intention of re-use; or

• (b) if the used battery is for professional use, it is sent to the producer or a third party acting on its behalf or a third-party facility in countries to which OECD Council Decision C(2001)107/Final on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Wastes Destined for Recovery Operations applies, for refurbishment or repair under a valid contract with the intention of re-use; or

• (c) if the used battery is for professional use and is defective, it is sent to the producer or a third party acting on its behalf for root cause analysis under a valid contract, in cases where such an analysis can only be conducted by the producer or third parties acting on its behalf.

• 3.In order to demonstrate that the batteries being shipped constitute used batteries, rather than waste batteries, its holder shall carry out the following steps for testing and record-keeping:

Step 1: Testing

• (a) the battery shall be tested for its state of health and the presence of hazardous substances shall be evaluated;

• (b) the results of the evaluation and testing referred to in point (a) shall be recorded.

Step 2: Record

• (a) the record shall be fixed securely but not permanently on either the used battery itself, if the used battery has not been packed, or on the packaging, so it can be read without removing the packaging;

• (b) the record shall contain the following information:
• — name of the battery or fraction thereof,
• — identification number of the battery or fraction thereof, where applicable,
• — year of production, if available,
• — name and address of the company responsible for testing the state of health,
• — types of tests performed for step 1,
• — result of the tests performed for step 1, including the date of the tests.

• 4.In addition to the documentation required in points 1, 2 and 3, every load, for example shipping container or lorry, of used batteries shall be accompanied by:

• (a) a relevant transport document; and

• (b) a declaration of responsibility by the person liable.

• 5.In the absence of proof that an object is a used battery, and not a waste battery, in the form of the appropriate documentation required in points 1, 2, 3 and 4, and of appropriate protection against damage during transportation, loading and unloading, in particular through sufficient packaging and appropriate stacking of the load, which are the obligations of the holder that arranges the transport, the object shall be considered waste and it shall be presumed that the load comprises an illegal shipment. In such cases, the load shall be dealt with in accordance with Articles 24 and 25 of Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006.

ANNEX XV

CORRELATION TABLE

Directive 2006/66/EC	This Regulation
Article 1	Article 1
Article 1, first paragraph, point 1	Article 1(1)
Article 1, first paragraph, point 2	Article 1(1)
Article 1, second paragraph	—
Article 2	Article 1(3), (4) and (5)
Article 2(1)	Article 1(3) and (4)
Article 2(2)	Article 1(5)
Article 2(2), point (a)	Article 1(5), point (a)
Article 2(2), point (b)	Article 1(5), point (a)
Article 3	Article 3
Article 3, point 1	Article 3(1), point 1
Article 3, point 2	Article 3(1), point 2
Article 3, point 3	Article 3(1), point 9
Article 3, point 4	—
Article 3, point 5	Article 3(1), point 12
Article 3, point 6	Article 3(1), point 13
Article 3, point 7	Article 3(1), point 50
Article 3, point 8	Article 3(2), point (a)
Article 3, point 9	—
Article 3, point 10	Article 3(1), point 53
Article 3, point 11	Article 3(1), point 26
Article 3, point 12	Article 3(1), point 47
Article 3, point 13	Article 3(1), point 65
Article 3, point 14	Article 3(1), point 16
Article 3, point 15	Article 3(1), point 22
Article 3, point 16	—
Article 3, point 17	—
Article 4	Article 6
Article 4(1)	Annex I
Article 4(1), point (a)	Annex I, entry 1
Article 4(1), point (b)	Annex I, entry 2
Article 4(2)	—
Article 4(3)	—
Article 4(3), point (a)	—
Article 4(3), point (b)	—
Article 4(3), point (c)	—
Article 4(4)	—
Article 5	—
Article 6	Article 4
Article 6(1)	Article 4(1)
Article 6(2)	—
Article 7	Article 2
Article 8	Articles 59 to 62 and 64 to 67
Article 8(1)	Article 59
Article 8(1), first subparagraph, point (a)	Article 59(1), point (a) Article 59(1), point (b)
Article 8(1), first subparagraph, point (b)	Article 62
Article 8(1), first subparagraph, point (c)	Article 61(1) Article 62(1)
Article 8(1), first subparagraph, point (d)	Article 59(2), point (a)(ii) Article 61(1), point (c)
Article 8(1), second subparagraph	Article 59(5)
Article 8(2)	Article 59(1) and Article 59(2)
Article 8(2), point (a)	Article 59(1) and Article 59(2)
Article 8(2), point (b)	Article 59(2)
Article 8(2), point (c)	—
Article 8(3)	Article 61
Article 8(4)	Article 61
Article 9	—
Article 10	Articles 59, 60 and 69
Article 10(1)	—
Article 10(1), second subparagraph	Article 75(4)
Article 10(2)	Articles 59 and 60
Article 10(2), point (a)	—
Article 10(2), point (b)	Article 59(3) and Article 60(3)
Article 10(3)	Article 69(2) and Article 76(1), second subparagraph
Article 10(4)	—
Article 11	Article 11
Article 11, first paragraph	Article 11(1)
Article 11, second paragraph	Article 11(3)
Article 12	Article 70
Article 12(1)	Article 70(2)
Article 12(1), first subparagraph, point (a)	Article 59(1), point (f), Article 60(1), point (f), and Article 61(3), point (c)
Article 12(1), first subparagraph, point (b)	Article 71(1)
Article 12(1), second subparagraph	—
Article 12(1), third subparagraph	—
Article 12(2)	Article 71(4)
Article 12(3)	Article 70(3)
Article 12(4)	Article 71(2) and (3)
Article 12(5)	Article 75(5), point (c), and Article 76(1), point (d)
Article 12(6)	Article 71(4)
Article 13	—
Article 13(1)	—
Article 13(2)	—
Article 14	Article 70(1)
Article 15	Article 72
Article 15(1)	Article 72(1)
Article 15(2)	Article 72(3)
Article 15(3)	Article 72(4)
Article 16	Article 56
Article 16(1)	Article 56(1) and (4)
Article 16(1), point (a)	Article 56(4), point (a)
Article 16(1), point (b)	Article 56(4), point (a)
Article 16(2)	—
Article 16(3)	Article 56(1), point (c)
Article 16(4)	Article 74(5)
Article 16(5)	—
Article 16(6)	—
Article 17	Article 55
Article 18	Article 57(2), point (c)
Article 18(1)	—
Article 18(2)	—
Article 18(3)	—
Article 19	Article 59(1), Article 60(1), Article 61(1), Article 62 and Articles 64 to 67
Article 19(1)	Article 59(2), Article 60(2), Article 61(1) and Articles 62, 65, 66 and 67
Article 19(2)	Article 57(2), point (c)
Article 20	Article 74
Article 20(1)	Article 74(1)
Article 20(1), point (a)	Article 74(1), point (f)
Article 20(1), point (b)	Article 74(1), point (b)
Article 20(1), point (c)	Article 74(1), point (c)
Article 20(1), point (d)	Article 74(1), point (b)
Article 20(1), point (e)	Article 74(1), point (e)
Article 20(2)	Article 74
Article 20(3)	Article 74(4)
Article 21	Article 20 Article 13, Annex VI, Part A, B and C
Article 21(1)	Article 13(4)
Article 21(2)	Article 13(2)
Article 21(3)	Article 13(5)
Article 21(4)	Article 13(4)
Article 21(5)	Article 13(4)
Article 21(6)	—
Article 21(7)	—
Article 22a	—
Article 23	Article 94
Article 23(1)	Article 94(1)
Article 23(2)	Article 94(2)
Article 23(2), point (a)	—
Article 23(2), point (b)	Article 94(2), first subparagraph, point (e)
Article 23(2), point (c)	Article 71(5) and (6)
Article 23(3)	Article 94(2), second subparagraph
Article 23a	Article 89
Article 23a(1)	Article 89(1)
Article 23a(2)	Article 89(2)
Article 23a(3)	Article 89(3)
Article 23a(4)	Article 89(5)
Article 23a(5)	Article 89(6)
Article 24	Article 90
Article 24(1)	Article 90(1)
Article 24(2)	Article 90(3)
Article 24(2), second subparagraph	Article 90(3), second subparagraph
Article 25	Article 93
Article 26	—
Article 27	—
Article 28	Article 95
Article 29	Article 96
Article 30	—
Annex I	Annex XI
Annex II	Annex VI, Part B
Annex III	Annex XII
Annex III, Part A	Annex XII, Part A
Annex III, Part B	Annex XII, Part B
Annex IV	Article 55

[^E0001]: Council Directive 2009/71/Euratom of 25 June 2009 establishing a Community framework for the nuclear safety of nuclear installations (OJ L 172, 2.7.2009, p. 18).

[^E0002]: Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles (OJ L 60, 2.3.2013, p. 52).

[^E0003]: Directive 2004/109/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004 on the harmonisation of transparency requirements in relation to information about issuers whose securities are admitted to trading on a regulated market and amending Directive 2001/34/EC (OJ L 390, 31.12.2004, p. 38).

[^E0004]: Regulation (EU) 2019/943 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 June 2019 on the internal market for electricity (OJ L 158, 14.6.2019, p. 54).

[^E0005]: Directive 2008/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 September 2008 on the inland transport of dangerous goods (OJ L 260, 30.9.2008, p. 13).

[^E0006]: Regulation (EU) 2024/1781 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 on establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for sustainable products, amending Directive (EU) 2020/1828 and Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 and repealing Directive 2009/125/EC (OJ L, 2024/1781, 28.6.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj).

[^E0007]: Regulation (EU) 2016/425 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on personal protective equipment and repealing Council Directive 89/686/EEC (OJ L 81, 31.3.2016, p. 51).

[^E0008]: Regulation (EU) 2016/426 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on appliances burning gaseous fuels and repealing Directive 2009/142/EC (OJ L 81, 31.3.2016, p. 99).

[^E0009]: Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2023 concerning batteries and waste batteries, amending Directive 2008/98/EC and Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 and repealing Directive 2006/66/EC (OJ L 191, 28.7.2023, p. 1).’;

[^E0010]: Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2023 concerning batteries and waste batteries, amending Directive 2008/98/EC and Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 and repealing Directive 2006/66/EC (OJ L 191, 28.7.2023, p. 1).’.

[^E0015]: IEC mentions charge and capacity. Both represent the same physical quantity (charge); the only difference is that charge is expressed in C = As whereas capacity is expressed in Ah. In practice, capacity is used in most cases.