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Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2163 of 14 August 2024 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of biodiesel originating in the People's Republic of China

Type Implementing Regulation
Publication 2024-08-16
State In force
Text As published
Department European Commission, TRADE
Source EUR-Lex
articles 4

This is the act as published. Later amendments are not folded into the text below: each one is a separate act in this repository and an entry in this law's history.

Reform history JSON API
  • (394) The Commission therefore concluded that the imposition of the measures would be in the interest of the Union industry.

8.1.   Interest of unrelated importers, traders and distributors

  • (395) Few traders and distributors registered as interested parties in the proceeding. They made no representations.
  • (396) Companies involved in fossil diesel production and distribution also involved in the mandatory blending of fossil diesel with biodiesel were invited to complete questionnaires upon initiation. Two of them replied to the questionnaire. One opposed the imposition of measures, while the other remained neutral. For the two respondents, biodiesel was a very small part of their overall business activity. In light of this and the fact that none of them provided most of the information at the required level of detail, i.e. limited to those activities involving (Chinese) biodiesel, the Commission concluded that there was no indication that measures would have a material impact on them. If a duty increased the price of biodiesel, it is expected that any increase would be passed on automatically to their customers.
  • (397) Moreover, alternative sources of supplies are available. This is evidenced by the significant market share of imports from third countries.
  • (398) The Commission therefore concluded that the imposition of the measures would not entail a significant detriment to the interest of importers, traders and distributors. These economic operators are part of the supply chain and are expected to pass on costs increase derived from the measures, if any, to users and consumers.

8.2.   Interest of users, consumers and suppliers

  • (399) There are no indications that the existing measures on biodiesel from other origins already in force have negatively affected the Union users of biodiesel. There is no evidence that any of the existing measures had an adverse impact on their profitability.
  • (400) The new anti-dumping measures are likely to increase prices of biodiesel for users and consumers, but to a very limited extent. It is noted that final fuel prices rather follow the price of fossil crude oil 176 and that around 40% the price of diesel in petrol stations in the EU is taxes 177, which can be modulated depending on the various interests or needs. Also, incentives for using biodiesel may apply. 178 Bearing in mind these facts and the small percentage of biodiesel (no more than 10%) that is generally mixed into the fossil diesel, no evidence was found that the imposition of measures would be clearly against the interests of either users or consumers.

8.3.   Other factors

  • (401) Some parties claimed that restricting imports of Chinese biodiesels, especially those produced from feedstocks listed in Annex IX of the RED II, would be counterproductive and hamper achieving the EU's green energy goals and the renewable energy targets for transport for 2030. The Commission dismissed the claims because, further to the justified need to restore a level playing in the Union, Union producers have enough capacity to satisfy the current demand and even spare capacity to satisfy future needs. Closures of Union biodiesel manufacturers would increase dependency on biodiesel from third countries imported from geographically distant locations, which is counterproductive in terms of reducing the Union’s carbon footprint.
  • (402) In addition, the Commission considered that imposition of measures will boost sustainability and GHG 179 emission reduction efforts in the supply chain and will have a positive effect on the supplier industry in the Union as revenue and capacity utilisation will increase. It should be noted that, during a hearing held in May 2024, FEDIOL (the European federation representing the interests of the European vegetable oil and protein meal industry) stated that market conditions in the upstream agricultural sector in the Union were dramatic. A fall in prices of rapeseed oil (which main use is biodiesel) from around 625€/tonne (end of 2022) to around 410€/tonne (mid-2023, at planting decision time) deterred production in 2024 and lowered farmers’ revenue. This had a discouraging effect on EU sustainability- objectives and GHG emission reduction efforts.
  • (403) In CCCMC’s view, given the current turmoil in worldwide economies, increasing raw materials costs for users of biodiesel by restricting supplies from China would have a negative effect on inflation and inflationary expectations. As section 8.2 concludes that measures are not likely to result in significant raw material costs increases for users, CCCMC’s claim is dismissed.

8.4.   Conclusion on Union interest

  • (404) On the basis of the above, the Commission concluded that there were no compelling reasons that it was clearly not in the Union interest to impose measures on imports of biodiesel originating in the PRC at this stage of the investigation.
  • (405) The biodiesel market is the result of legal mandates at supra-national and national level. Consequently, relevant economic operators are bound to comply with the mandates in question for the benefit of helping the Union meet its greenhouse gas reduction targets.

9. PROVISIONAL ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES

  • (406) On the basis of the conclusions reached by the Commission on dumping, injury, causation, level of measures and Union interest, provisional measures should be imposed to prevent further injury being caused to the Union industry by the dumped imports.
  • (407) Provisional anti-dumping measures should be imposed on imports of biodiesel originating in China, in accordance with the lesser duty rule in Article 7(2) of the basic Regulation. The Commission compared the injury margins and the dumping margins. The amount of the duties was set at the level of the lower of the dumping and the injury margins.
  • (408) On the basis of the above, the provisional anti-dumping duty rates, expressed on the CIF Union border price, customs duty unpaid, should be as follows:
Company Provisional anti-dumping duty (%)
EcoCeres Group: — ECO Biochemical Technology (Zhangjiagang) Co. Ltd. — EcoCeres Limited 12,8
Jiaao Group: — Zhejiang EastRiver Energy S&T Co., Ltd. — Zhejiang Jiaao Enproenergy Co., Ltd. — Jiaao International Trading (SINGAPORE) PTE. Ltd. 36,4
Zhuoyue Group: — Longyan Zhuoyue New Energy Co. Ltd. — Xiamen Zhuoyue Biomass Energy Co., Ltd. 25,4
Other cooperating companies 23,7
All other imports originating in the People’s Republic of China 36,4
  • (409) The individual company anti-dumping duty rates specified in this Regulation were established on the basis of the findings of this investigation. Therefore, they reflect the situation found during this investigation with respect to these companies. These duty rates are exclusively applicable to imports of the product concerned originating in the country concerned and produced by the named legal entities. Imports of the product concerned produced by any other company not specifically mentioned in the operative part of this Regulation, including entities related to those specifically mentioned, should be subject to the duty rate applicable to ‘all other imports originating in the People’s Republic of China’. They should not be subject to any of the individual anti-dumping duty rates.
  • (410) To minimise the risks of circumvention due to the difference in duty rates, special measures are needed to ensure the application of the individual anti-dumping duties. The companies with individual anti-dumping duties must present a valid commercial invoice to the customs authorities of the Member States. The invoice must conform to the requirements set out in Article 1(3) of this regulation. Imports not accompanied by that invoice should be subject to the anti-dumping duty applicable to ‘All other imports originating in the People’s Republic of China’.
  • (411) While presentation of this invoice is necessary for the customs authorities of the Member States to apply the individual rates of anti-dumping duty to imports, it is not the only element to be taken into account by the customs authorities. Indeed, even if presented with an invoice meeting all the requirements set out in Article 1(3) of this regulation, the customs authorities of Member States must carry out their usual checks and may, like in all other cases, require additional documents (shipping documents, etc.) for the purpose of verifying the accuracy of the particulars contained in the declaration and ensure that the subsequent application of the lower rate of duty is justified, in compliance with customs law.
  • (412) Should the exports by one of the companies benefiting from lower individual duty rates increase significantly in volume after the imposition of the measures concerned, such an increase in volume could be considered as constituting in itself a change in the pattern of trade due to the imposition of measures within the meaning of Article 13(1) of the basic Regulation. In such circumstances and provided the conditions are met an anti-circumvention investigation may be initiated. This investigation may, inter alia, examine the need for the removal of individual duty rate(s) and the consequent imposition of a country-wide duty.

10. INFORMATION AT PROVISIONAL STAGE

  • (413) In accordance with Article 19a of the basic Regulation, the Commission informed interested parties about the planned imposition of provisional duties. This information was also made available to the general public via DG TRADE’s website. Interested parties were given three working days to provide comments on the accuracy of the calculations specifically disclosed to them.

11. FINAL PROVISIONS

  • (414) In the interests of sound administration, the Commission will invite the interested parties to submit written comments and/or to request a hearing with the Commission and/or the Hearing Officer in trade proceedings within a fixed deadline.
  • (415) The findings concerning the imposition of provisional duties are provisional and may be amended at the definitive stage of the investigation,

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

Article 1

1.

A provisional anti-dumping duty is imposed on imports of fatty-acid mono-alkyl esters and/or paraffinic gasoils obtained from synthesis and/or hydro-treatment, of non-fossil origin, commonly known as ‘biodiesel’, in pure form or as included in a blend, currently falling under CN codes ex 1516 20 98 (TARIC codes 1516 20 98 21, 1516 20 98 22, 1516 20 98 23, 1516 20 98 29, 1516 20 98 31, 1516 20 98 32 and 1516 20 98 39), ex 1518 00 91 (TARIC codes 1518 00 91 21, 1518 00 91 22, 1518 00 91 23, 1518 00 91 29, 1518 00 91 31, 1518 00 91 32 and 1518 00 91 39), ex 1518 00 95 (TARIC code 1518 00 95 10, 1518 00 95 11 and 1518 00 95 19), ex 1518 00 99 (TARIC codes 1518 00 99 21, 1518 00 99 22, 1518 00 99 23, 1518 00 99 29, 1518 00 99 31, 1518 00 99 32 and 1518 00 99 39), ex 2710 19 43 (TARIC codes 2710 19 43 21, 2710 19 43 22, 2710 19 43 23, 2710 19 43 29, 2710 19 43 31, 2710 19 43 32 and 2710 19 43 39), ex 2710 19 46 (TARIC codes 2710 19 46 21, 2710 19 46 22, 2710 19 46 23, 2710 19 46 29, 2710 19 46 31, 2710 19 46 32 and 2710 19 46 39), ex 2710 19 47 (TARIC codes 2710 19 47 21, 2710 19 47 22, 2710 19 47 23, 2710 19 47 29, 2710 19 47 31, 2710 19 47 32 and 2710 19 47 39), 2710 20 11 , 2710 20 16 , ex 3824 99 92 (TARIC codes 3824 99 92 10, 3824 99 92 11, 3824 99 92 13, 3824 99 92 14, 3824 99 92 15, 3824 99 92 16, and 3824 99 92 19), 3826 00 10 and ex 3826 00 90 (TARIC codes 3826 00 90 11, 3826 00 90 12, 3826 00 90 13, 3826 00 90 19, 3826 00 90 31, 3826 00 90 32 and 3826 00 90 39), excluding sustainable aviation fuel meeting the requirements of ASTM D7566-22 Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons, currently falling under CN codes ex 2710 19 43 (TARIC additional code 89FT), ex 2710 19 46 (TARIC additional code 89FT), ex 2710 19 47 (TARIC additional code 89FT), ex 2710 20 11 (TARIC additional code 89FT) and ex 2710 20 16 (TARIC additional code 89FT), and originating in the People’s Republic of China.

2.

The rates of the provisional anti-dumping duty applicable to the net, free-at-Union-frontier price, before duty, of the product described in paragraph 1 and produced by the companies listed below shall be as follows:

Company Provisional anti-dumping duty (%) TARIC additional code
EcoCeres Group: — ECO Biochemical Technology (Zhangjiagang) Co. Ltd. — EcoCeres Limited 12,8 89ED
Jiaao Group: — Zhejiang EastRiver Energy S&T Co., Ltd. — Zhejiang Jiaao Enproenergy Co., Ltd. — Jiaao International Trading (SINGAPORE) PTE. Ltd. 36,4 89EE
Zhuoyue Group: — Longyan Zhuoyue New Energy Co. Ltd. — Xiamen Zhuoyue Biomass Energy Co., Ltd. 25,4 89EF
Other cooperating companies listed in the Annex 23,7
All other imports originating in the People’s Republic of China 36,4 C999
3.

The application of the individual duty rates specified for the companies mentioned in paragraph 2 shall be conditional upon presentation to the Member States’ customs authorities of a valid commercial invoice, on which shall appear a declaration dated and signed by an official of the entity issuing such invoice, identified by his/her name and function, drafted as follows: ‘I, the undersigned, certify that the (volume) of biodiesel sold for export to the European Union covered by this invoice was manufactured by (company name and address) (TARIC additional code) in the People’s Republic of China. I declare that the information provided in this invoice is complete and correct.’ If no such invoice is presented, the duty applicable to all other companies shall apply.

4.

The release for free circulation in the Union of the product referred to in paragraph 1 shall be subject to the provision of a security deposit equivalent to the amount of the provisional duty.

5.

Unless otherwise specified, the provisions in force concerning customs duties shall apply.

Article 2

1.

Interested parties shall submit their written comments on this regulation to the Commission within 15 calendar days of the date of entry into force of this Regulation.

2.

Interested parties wishing to request a hearing with the Commission shall do so within 5 calendar days of the date of entry into force of this Regulation.

3.

Interested parties wishing to request a hearing with the Hearing Officer in trade proceedings are invited to do so within 5 calendar days of the date of entry into force of this Regulation. The Hearing Officer may examine requests submitted outside this time limit and may decide whether to accept to such requests if appropriate.

Article 3

This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

Article 1 shall apply for a period of six months.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels, 14 August 2024.

For the Commission

The President

Ursula VON DER LEYEN

7

TotalEnergies Raffinage Chimie reported [190 000-300 000] tonnes of HVO production (standing reply t23.006839). Eni group reported [300 000-600 000] tonnes of HVO production (standing reply t23.006819). EcoCeres stated that Neste had a HVO capacity of 1,4 million tonnes in Rotterdam (t24.000069). Total EU industry production volume of biodiesel, as reported in the complaint (page 35), was around 12 million tonnes.

8

Saipol reported [700 000-1 000 000] tonnes of biodiesel products (standing reply t23.006964).

9

EcoCeres noted that a chart by the CME Group showed more than 5 million HVO production in the EU in 2022 already, as shown in https://www.cmegroup.com/articles/whitepapers/biofuel-feedstocks-in-the-european-union.html.

10

Source: Argus Media Group's "Renewable diesel refinery database" dated December 2023 and attached to t24.000069 (sensitive annex I).

12

Anhui Tianyi Environmental Protection Tech Co. Ltd; Beijing Haixin Energy Technology Co. Ltd.; Changzhou City Jintan District Weige Biological Tehnology Co. Ltd.; Chongquing Yubang New Energy Technology Co., Ltd; Dezhou Rongguang Biotechnology Co. Ltd.; Guangzhou Leo-King Environmental Technology Co. Ltd.; Hebei Huide Renewable Resources Co. Ltd.; Hebei Jingu Plasticizer Co. Ltd.; Hebei Jinrui Lvyuan Biological Technology Co. Ltd.; Hebei Nanhong New Energy Technology Pte.Ltd.; Henan Junheng Industrial Group Biotechnology Company Ltd; Hubei Tianji Bioenergy Co. Ltd.; Huizhou Huilong Jinyi Oil and Fat Energy Co. Ltd.; Jiukiang Oasis Energy Technology Co. Ltd.; Longyan Zhuoyue New Energy Co., Ltd.; Maoming Hongyu Energy Technology Co., Ltd.; Ningbo Jiesen Green Fuel Co. Ltd; Shandong Ding-Yu Biotech Energy Co. Ltd.; Shandong Huidong New Energy Co. Ltd.; Shandong Zhonghai Fine Chemical Industry Co. Ltd; Shangdong Fenghui New Energy Co. Ltd.; Sichuan Lampan New Energy Technology Co. Ltd.; Tanghe Jinhai Biological Technology Co. Ltd; Tangshan Jinlihai Biodiesel Co. Ltd.; Wenzhou Zhongke New Energy Technology Co. Ltd.; Yangzhou Jianyuan Biotechnology Co. Ltd; Zhejiang Jiaao Enprotech Stock Co. Ltd.

13

Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast), OJ L 328 21.12.2018, p. 82. ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2018/2001/oj.

14

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/111 of 18 January 2023 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of fatty acid originating in Indonesia, recitals (101)-(102) (OJ L 18 of 19.1.2023, p.1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2023/111/oj.

15

Regulation (EU) 2023/2405 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 October 2023 on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport (ReFuelEU Aviation) (recast) (OJ L 2405, 31.10.2023, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2405/oj).

16

See point 6.2 of EcoCeres’ submission t24.000061, in which EcoCeres recognises that HVO is technically covered by the product definition in past investigations.

17

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1266 of 29 July 2021 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of biodiesel originating in the United States of America following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 277, 2.8.2021, p. 34, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2021/1266/oj).

18

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1266 of 29 July 2021 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of biodiesel originating in the United States of America following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 277, 2.8.2011, p. 34, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2021/1266/oj).

19

For an example of FAME with -20° CFPP, see the product range offered in https://www.muenzer.at/en/biodiesel.html.

20

Recital (38) of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1266 of 29 July 2021 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of biodiesel originating in the United States of America following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 277, 2.8.2011, p. 34, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2021/1266/oj)

21

For an example, see https://oleo100.com/actualites/article/b100-exclusif/. See also page 18 of EcoCeres’ submission t24.000061 quoting a leading engine manufacturer.

22

t24.001865.

23

Commission Staff Working Document on Significant Distortions in the Economy of the People’s Republic of China for the purposes of Trade Defence Investigations, 20 December 2017, SWD(2017) 483 final/2.

24

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/983 of 17 June 2021 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of aluminium converter foil originating in the People’s Republic of China (OJ L 216, 18.6.2021, p. 142, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2021/983/oj), recital (93), (99), (140); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/2011 of 17 November 2021 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of optical fibre cables originating in the People’s Republic of China (OJ L 410, 18.11.2021, p. 51, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2021/2011/oj), recitals (93), (106), (126), (129), (138)-(139); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1693 of 9 October 2019 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of steel road wheels originating in the People’s Republic of China (OJ L 259, 10.10.2019, p. 15, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/1693/oj), recitals (82), (86), (93), (100), (108)-(109); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1198 of 12 July 2019 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of ceramic tableware and kitchenware originating in the People’s Republic of China following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) No 2016/1036 (OJ L 189, 15.7.2019, p. 8, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/1198/oj), recitals (70)-(75), (80), (114); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/687 of 2 May 2019 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain organic coated steel products originating in the People’s Republic of China following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 116, 3.5.2019, p. 5, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/687/oj), recitals (65), (68), (89); Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 215/2013 of 11 March 2013 imposing a countervailing duty on imports of certain organic coated steel products originating in the People’s Republic of China (OJ L 73, 15.3.2013, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2013/215/oj), recital (142).

25

USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, Global Agricultural Information Network (GAIN) Report – Biofuels Annual, China, 1 September 2023, p. 2.

26

Beijing Haixin Energy Technology Co., Ltd, Annual Report (2022).

27

Ibid., p. 34.

28

Statement of the Chinese National Energy Administration, 16 August 2021.

29

China Report – para. 10.1.1. and 10.2.1.1.

30

See at: https://www.sohu.com/a/681644605_120988533 (accessed on 25 June 2024).

31

Report – p. 203, 216.

32

Zhao Huimiao, Lame-duck bankruptcy institutions under government intervention in reorganisation of listed companies in China, Part 1 (2016), p. 1.

33

For instance, Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/2011 of 17 November 2021 imposing a definitive anti-Dumping duty on imports of optical fibre cables originating in the People’s Republic of China (OJ L 410, 18.11.2021, p. 51, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2021/2011/oj), recital (126).

34

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/2011 of 17 November 2021 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of optical fibre cables originating in the People’s Republic of China (OJ L 410, 18.11.2021, p. 51, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2021/2011/oj), recital (129); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1693 of 9 October 2019 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of steel road wheels originating in the People’s Republic of China (OJ L 259, 10.10.2019, p. 15, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/1693/oj), recital (100).

35

Commission Staff Working Document on Significant Distortions in the Economy of the People’s Republic of China for the purposes of Trade Defence Investigations, 10 April 2024, SWD(2024) 91 final.

36

Updated Report – Chapter 2, p. 7

37

Updated Report – Chapter 2, p. 7-8.

38

Updated Report – Chapter 2, p. 10, 18.

39

Available at: http://www.npc.gov.cn/zgrdw/englishnpc/Constitution/node_2825.htm (accessed on 25 June 2024).

40

Updated Report – Chapter 2, p. 29-30.

41

Updated Report – Chapter 4, p. 57, 92.

42

Updated Report – Chapter 6, p. 149-150.

43

Updated Report – Chapter 6, p. 153 -171.

44

Updated Report – Chapter 7, p. 204-205.

45

Updated Report – Chapter 8, p. 207-208, 242-243.

46

Updated Report – Chapter 2, p. 19-24, Chapter 4, p. 69, p. 99-100, Chapter 5, p. 130-131.

47

Updated Report –Chapter 5, p. 120-131.

48

Art. 33 of the CCP Constitution, Article 19 of the Chinese Company Law. See updated Report – Chapter 3, p. 47-50.

50

The company is part of the Zhuoneng Group. See http://www.zyxny.com/ (accessed on 25 June 2024). See the company’s 2022 Annual Report, p. 65, available at https://q.stock.sohu.com/newpdf/202352616191.pdf (accessed on 25 June 2024). The company has five wholly owned subsidiaries, namely Xiamen Excellence Biomass Energy Co., Ltd., Fujian Zhishang Biomass Materials Development Co., Ltd., Longyan Excellence Bio-based Materials Co., Ltd., Longyan Excellence Synthetic Resin Co., Ltd. and Longyan Zhishang New Materials Co., Ltd. (see p. 32 of the 2022 Annual Report).

51

The company is part of the Jiaao Group. See http://jiaaoenprotech.com/ (accessed on 25 June 2024). For the list of shareholders, see the company’s 2023 Annual Report, p. 58, available at http://file.finance.sina.com.cn/211.154.219.97:9494/MRGG/CNSESH_STOCK/2024/2024-4/2024-04-27/10102811.PDF (accessed on 25 June 2024).

52

See at: www.hxnk.com (accessed on 25 June 2024).

53

See the company’s 2022 Annual Report, p. 105, available at https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2023-04-07/1216342322.PDF (accessed on 25 June 2024).

55

Ibid., II. Main objectives.

56

Ibid., III. Pilot demonstration content.

58

Updated Report – Chapter 2, p. 24-27.

59

See http://www.cpcif.org.cn/ (accessed on 25 June 2024).

63

See https://www.beipa.org.cn/hyqy (accessed on 25 June 2024).

64

See https://www.beipa.org.cn/glbf (accessed on 25 June 2024).

65

Updated Report – Chapter 3, p. 40.

66

See for example: Blanchette, J. - Xi's Gamble: The Race to Consolidate Power and Stave off Disaster; Foreign Affairs, vol. 100, no. 4, July/August 2021, pp. 10-19.

67

Updated Report – Chapter 3, p. 41.

69

General Office of CCP Central Committee’s Guidelines on stepping up the United Front work in the private sector for the new era: www.gov.cn/zhengce/2020-09/15/content_5543685.htm (accessed on 25 June 2024).

70

Financial Times (2020) - Chinese Communist Party asserts greater control over private enterprise: https://on.ft.com/3mYxP4j (accessed on 25 June 2024).

71

See the company’s 2022 annual report, available at https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2023-04-07/1216342322.PDF (accessed on 25 June 2024).

73

See the company’s 2023 annual report, p. 10, available at http://file.finance.sina.com.cn/211.154.219.97:9494/MRGG/CNSESH_STOCK/2024/2024-4/2024-04-27/10102811.PDF (accessed on 25 June 2024).

74

See the company’s 2023 annual report, p. 34 and followings, available at http://www.sinopec.com/listco/Resource/Pdf/2024032406.pdf (accessed on 25 June 2024).

75

See http://www.sinopecgroup.com/group/gywm/ddjs.shtml (accessed on 25 June 2024).

76

Updated Report – Chapter 14, Sections 14.1 to 14.3.

77

Updated Report – Chapter 4, p. 56-57, 99-100.

79

Ibid., p. 16-17.

81

Ibid., Section III.4.

82

Ibid., Section IV.4.

84

Ibid., Section III Key tasks.

85

Ibid., Table 1, p. 16.

86

See the 2019 Guidance Catalogue, p. 9 and p. 72 for encouraged sectors, p. 81 for restricted ones (in force until 31 January 2024), available at https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-11/06/content_5449193.htm (accessed on 25 June 2024). See the 2024 Guidance Catalogue, p. 19 and p. 42 for encouraged sectors and p. 85 for restricted ones (in force as of 1 February 2024) available at https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/fzggwl/202312/t20231229_1362999.html (accessed on 25 June 2024).

88

See https://www.nea.gov.cn/2021-08/31/c_1310158873.htm (accessed on 25 June 2024).

89

See the Circular of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on the exemption of consumption tax on the production of pure biodiesel from waste animal and vegetable oils, available at https://guangdong.chinatax.gov.cn/gdsw/zjfg/2011-02/23/content_6fd5be578a1d42a8b9d5929caf78ed85.shtml (accessed on 25 June 2024). For more clarification, see also the Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on clarifying the scope of application of consumption tax exemption for the production of pure biodiesel from waste animal and vegetable oils, available at http://www.mof.gov.cn/gkml/caizhengwengao/2011caizhengwengao/wg201109/201112/t20111229_620030.htm (accessed on 25 June 2024).

90

See 国家税务总局上海市税务局 (accessed on 25 June 2024).

91

See https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-12/29/content_5665116.htm, Annex 2, line 3.6 (accessed on 25 June 2024).

92

See http://www.jsjnw.org/news/210918-2614.html (accessed on 25 June 2024).

93

Ibid., p. 16.

95

Ibid., Art. 5.

96

Ibid., Art. 6.

99

Updated Report – Chapter 6, p. 171-179.

100

Updated Report – Chapter 9, p. 260-261.

101

Updated Report – Chapter 9, p. 257-260.

102

Updated Report – Chapter 9, p. 252-254.

103

Updated Report – Chapter 13, p. 360-361, 364-370.

104

Updated Report – Chapter 13, p. 366.

105

Updated Report – Chapter 13, p. 370-373.

106

Updated Report – Chapter 6, p. 137-140.

107

Updated Report – Chapter 6, p. 146-149.

108

Updated Report – Chapter 6, p. 149.

109

See official policy document of the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission of 28 August 2020: Three-year action plan for improving corporate governance of the banking and insurance sectors (2020-2022): http://www.cbirc.gov.cn/cn/view/pages/ItemDetail.html?docId=925393&itemId=928 (accessed on 25 June 2024). The Plan instructs to “

further implement the spirit embodied in General Secretary Xi Jinping’s keynote speech on advancing the reform of corporate governance of the financial sector’. Moreover, the Plan’s section II aims at promoting the organic integration of the Party’s leadership into corporate governance: “we shall make the integration of the Party’s leadership into corporate governance more systematic, standardised and procedure-based […] Major operational and management issues must have been discussed by the Party Committee before being decided upon by the Board of Directors or the senior management”.

110

See CBIRC’s Notice on the Commercial banks performance evaluation method, issued on 15 December 2020: http://jrs.mof.gov.cn/gongzuotongzhi/202101/t20210104_3638904.htm (accessed on 25 June 2024).

111

Updated Report – Chapter 6, p. 157-158.

112

Updated Report – Chapter 6, p. 150-152, 156-160, 165-171.

113

OECD (2019), OECD Economic Surveys: China 2019, OECD Publishing, Paris. p. 29, available at:

https://doi.org/10.1787/eco_surveys-chn-2019-en (accessed on 25 June 2024).

115

See https://zfxxgk.nea.gov.cn/2023-11/13/c_1310751363.htm, V, Policy Support (accessed on 25 June 2024).

116

Appellate Body Report, para. 354.

117

Judgement of 11 July 2017, Viraj Profiles v Council, T-67/14, EU:T:2017:481, para. 98.

118

World Bank Open Data – Upper Middle Income, https://data.worldbank.org/income-level/upper-middle-income.

119

OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2022-2031. Available at https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (last viewed 10 January 2024). The data used by OECD and FAO to develop the projections are those available as of January 2021.

120

APM: How Fuel Prices Are Calculated in Malaysia. Available at https://paultan.org/2009/02/15/how-fuel-prices-are-calculated-in-malaysia/ (last viewed 4 July 2024).

121

How is Petrol Pricing Calculated? Available at https://mypf.my/lifestyle/petrol/ (last viewed 4 July 2024).

122

A Citizens’ Guide to Energy Subsidies in Malaysia (p. 7-10). Available at https://www.iisd.org/gsi/sites/default/files/ffs_malaysia_czguide.pdf (last viewed 4 July 2024).

123

Idem, p. 10.

127

Idem, p. 15.

129

Access2Markets. Available at https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-to-markets (last viewed 4 July 2024).

130

National Institute for the Defence of Competition and Protection of Intellectual Property, Antidumping and Countervailing Duties Commission, Resolution N° 265-2021/CDB-INDECOPI, issued on 3 November 2021. Available at https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/2358456/Resoluci%C3%B3n%20N%C2%B0%20265-2021-CDB-INDECOPI.pdf (last viewed 6 March 2024).

131

National Institute for the Defence of Competition and Protection of Intellectual Property, Antidumping and Countervailing Duties Commission, Resolution N° 266-2021/CDB-INDECOPI, issued on 3 November 2021. Available at https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/2358480/Resoluci%C3%B3n%20N%C2%B0%20266-2021-CDB-INDECOPI.pdf (last viewed 6 March 2024).

132

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2019/244 of 11 February 2019 imposing a definitive countervailing duty on imports of biodiesel originating in Argentina (OJ L 40, 12.2.2019, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/244/oj).

133

International Trade Administration, “Biodiesel From Argentina and Indonesia: Continuation of Antidumping Duty Orders and Countervailing Duty Orders”. Published on 15 June 2023. Available at https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/06/15/2023-12827/biodiesel-from-argentina-and-indonesia-continuation-of-antidumping-duty-orders-and-countervailing (last viewed 6 March 2024).

134

International Trade Administration, “Biodiesel From Argentina and Indonesia: Continuation of Antidumping Duty Orders and Countervailing Duty Orders”. Published on 15 June 2023. Available at https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/06/15/2023-12827/biodiesel-from-argentina-and-indonesia-continuation-of-antidumping-duty-orders-and-countervailing

135

National Institute for the Defence of Competition and Protection of Intellectual Property, Antidumping and Countervailing Duties Commission, Resolution N° 97-2020/CDB-INDECOPI, issued on 18 December 2020. Available at https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/dispositivo/NL/1914236-1 (last viewed 3 July 2024).

136

Global Trade Atlas by S&P. Available at https://connect.ihsmarkit.com/gta/home/.

139

Energy Commission. Available at https://www.st.gov.my/eng/web/consumer/details/2/10.

141

Regulation (EU) 2015/755 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 on common rules for imports from certain third countries (OJ L 123, 19.5.2015, p. 33, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2015/755/oj). Article 2(7) of the basic Regulation considers that domestic prices in those countries cannot be used for the purpose of determining normal value.

142

Market Access Map by the International Trade Centre. Available at https://www.macmap.org/en/query/customs-duties (last viewed 5 July 2024).

143

Malaysian Investment Development Authority. Cheaper green hydrogen energy in the pipeline. Available at https://www.mida.gov.my/mida-news/cheaper-green-hydrogen-energy-in-the-pipeline/ (last viewed 15 May 2024).

144

Idem.

146

See https://www.ilmia.gov.my/index.php/en/labour-cost (last viewed 13 May 2024).

148

See https://rshiny.ilo.org/dataexplorer8/ (last viewed 13 May 2024).

150

See https://www.st.gov.my/eng/web/consumer/details/2/10 (last viewed 13 May 2024).

151

Benchmark the Fuel Cost of Steam Generation. Available at https://www.energy.gov/eere/amo/articles/benchmark-fuel-cost-steam-generation (last viewed 13 May 2024).

152

GMES. Annual report 2023. Available at www.gasmalaysia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Annual-Report-2023.pdf (last viewed 13 May 2024).

154

Code 2014 – Manufacture of other organic basic chemicals of the industry classification NACE Rev. 2.

155

Recital (49) Commission Regulation (EU) No 490/2013 of 27 May 2013 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of biodiesel originating in Argentina and Indonesia (OJ L 141, 28.5.2013, p. 6, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2013/490/oj).

156

t24.000702.

157

Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1239/2013 of 2 December 2013 imposing a definitive countervailing duty on imports of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules and key components (i.e., cells) originating in or consigned from the People's Republic of China (OJ L 325, 5.12.2013, p. 66, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2013/1239/oj).

158

Case C-478/21 P, CCCME and Others v Commission, para. 167-169.

159

t24.001457.

163

Source: point 25 of the complaint and GAIN Biofuels Annual – China, 19 October 2023 (available at https://fas.usda.gov/data/china-biofuels-annual-9 and https://fas.usda.gov/data/european-union-biofuels-annual-3)

164

See note to the file t24.000784.

165

t24.001022

166

(166)  Estimates by the complainant for the IP (based on ‘Stratas’ data for 2022 and 2023)

167

(167)  As noted in recital (57), SAF was excluded from the product scope and SAF volumes excluded. Thus, from EBB’s macro response, the Commission deducted the estimated production of SAF (i.e. 75 000 tonnes in 2022 and 150 000 tonnes in the IP) and the estimated capacity for SAF.

168

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/731 of 12 May 2022 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1266 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of biodiesel originating in the United States of America and Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1267 imposing definitive countervailing duties on imports of biodiesel originating in the United States of America (OJ L 136, 13.5.2022, p. 3, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2022/731/oj).

169

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2019/244 of 11 February 2019 imposing a definitive countervailing duty on imports of biodiesel originating in Argentina (OJ L 40, 11.2.2019, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/244/oj).

170

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2092 of 28 November 2019 imposing a definitive countervailing duty on imports of biodiesel originating in Indonesia (OJ L 317, 9.12.2019, pages 42–95, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/2092/oj).

172

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/244 of 11 February 2019 imposing a definitive countervailing duty on imports of biodiesel originating in Argentina (OJ L 40, 11.2.2019, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/244/oj), recital (394).

173

(173)  Comext data for pure biodiesel and its blends.

174

(174)  Comext data for pure biodiesel only. Data for code 2710 19 43 29 for Singapore. Data for code 3826 00 10 for Argentina, UK and other third countries. Data for codes 2710 19 43 29 and 3826 00 10 for other countries excluding China (for the UK share included in other countries excluding China, only code 3826 00 10 was considered).

175

The 11% target profit was established in 2013 (Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1194/2013 of 19 November 2013 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and collecting definitively the provisional duty imposed on imports of biodiesel originating in Argentina and Indonesia, OJ L315, 19.11.2013, p.22, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2013/1194/oj). This target profit was also deemed reasonable in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/244 of 11 February 2019 imposing a definitive countervailing duty on imports of biodiesel originating in Argentina (OJ L 40, 11.2.2019, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/244/oj).

177

In its Weekly Oil Bulletin, the Commission provides an overview per EU member state of the average prices for diesel and petrol (Euro Super-95) and the tax share of the final price. See https://energy.ec.europa.eu/data-and-analysis/weekly-oil-bulletin_en

179

GHG = Greenhouse gas.

ANNEX

Cooperating exporting producers not sampled

Name TARIC additional code
Anhui Tianyi Environmental Protection Tech. Co., Ltd. 89EG
Baoshun (Henan) New Carbon Material Co., Ltd. 89EH
Bemay (Hubei) New Energy Company Ltd. 89FU
Changzhou City Jintan District Weige Biological Technology Co., Ltd. 89EI
Chongqing CH Bio Energy Co., Ltd. 89EJ
Chongqing Yubang New Energy Technology Co., Ltd 89EK
Dezhou Rongguang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 89EL
Guangxi Guiping Guangran Energy Technology Co. Ltd. 89EM
Guangzhou Hongtai New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. 89EN
Guangzhou Leo-king Environmental Technology Co., Ltd. 89EO
Hainan Huanyu New Energy Co., Ltd. 89EP
Hebei Hui De Renewable Resources Co., Ltd. 89EQ
Hebei Jingu Plasticizer Co., Ltd. 89ER
Hebei Jingu Recycling Resources Development Co. Ltd. 89ES
Hebei Longhai Bioenergy Co., Ltd. 89ET
Hebei Nanhong New Energy Technology Pte, Ltd. 89EU
HENAN JUNHENG INDUSTRIAL GROUP BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANY., LTD. 89EV
Hubei Tianji Bioenergy Co., Ltd. 89EW
Huizhou City Huilong Jinyi Oil Energy Co.,LTD 89EX
Huizhou Excellent and Innovation Bioenergy Technology Co., Ltd. 89EY
Hunan Xinhui Bioenergy Co., Ltd. 89EZ
Jiangxi Zunchuang New Energy Co., Ltd. 89FA
Jiujiang Oasis Energy Technology Co., Ltd. 89FB
Kunming Decheng Renewable Resources Technology Co. Ltd. 89FC
Linyi Huibang New Energy Co., Limited 89FD
Long Chang City Yuanju Oil and Greas Co. Ltd. 89FE
Maoming Hongyu Energy Technology Co., Ltd. 89FF
Ningbo Jiesen Green Fuel Co., Ltd. 89FG
Shandong Baoshun Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. 89FH
Shandong Ding-Yu Biotech Energy Co., Ltd. 89FI
SHANDONG HUIDONG NEW ENERGY CO., LTD. 89FJ
Shandong Sanju Bioenergy Co., Ltd. 89FK
Shanghai Zhongqi Environment Technology Inc. 89FL
Shenzhen Leoking Biotechnology Co., Ltd 89FM
Sichuan Huisheng New Technology Co Ltd. 89FN
Sichuan Lampan New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. 89FO
Tanghe Jinhai Biological Technology Co., Ltd. 89FP
Tangshan Jinlihai Biodiesel Co., Ltd. 89FQ
Wenzhou Zhongke New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. 89FR
YANGZHOU JIANYUAN BIOTECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. 89FS

ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/2163/oj

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