Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/780 of 16 April 2025 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of steel track shoes originating in the People’s Republic of China

(7) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1666 of 6 June 2024 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of steel ropes and cables originating in the People’s Republic of China as extended to imports of steel ropes and cables consigned from Morocco and the Republic of Korea, whether declared as originating in these countries or not, following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council, http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/1666/oj; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444 of 11 July 2023 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of steel bulb flats originating in the People’s Republic of China and Türkiye; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100 of 11 January 2023 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of stainless steel refillable kegs originating in the People’s Republic of China, http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2023/1444/oj; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068 of 26 October 2022 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain cold-rolled flat steel products originating in the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council, http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2022/2068/oj; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191 of 16 February 2022 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain iron or steel fasteners originating in the People’s Republic of China, http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2022/191/oj.

(8) See Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1666, recital 76; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444, recital 66; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100, recital 58; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068, recital 80; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191, recital 208.

(9) See Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1666, recital 60; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444, recital 45; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100, recital 38; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068, recital 64; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191, recital 192.

(10) See Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1666, recitals 66-68; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444, recital 58; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100, recital 40; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068, recital 66; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191, recitals 193-194. While the right to appoint and to remove key management personnel in SOEs by the relevant State authorities, as provided for in the Chinese legislation, can be considered to reflect the corresponding ownership rights, CCP cells in enterprises, state-owned and private alike, represent another important channel through which the State can interfere with business decisions. According to the PRC’s company law, a CCP organisation is to be established in every company (with at least three CCP members as specified in the CCP Constitution) and the company shall provide the necessary conditions for the activities of the party organisation. In the past, this requirement appears not to have always been followed or strictly enforced. However, since at least 2016 the CCP has reinforced its claims to control business decisions in SOEs as a matter of political principle. The CCP is also reported to exercise pressure on private companies to put ‘patriotism’ first and to follow party discipline. In 2017, it was reported that party cells existed in 70 % of some 1,86 million privately owned companies, with growing pressure for the CCP organisations to have a final say over the business decisions within their respective companies. These rules are of general application throughout the Chinese economy, across all sectors, including to the producers of the product under review and the suppliers of their inputs.

(11) See Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1666, recitals 61-65; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444, recital 59; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100, recital 43; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068, recital 68; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191, recitals 195-201.

(12) See Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444, recital 62; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100, recital 52; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068, recital 74; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191, recital 202.

(13) See Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1666, recital 72; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444, recital 45; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100, recital 33; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068, recital 75; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191, recital 203.

(14) See Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1666, recital 73; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444, recital 64; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100, recital 54; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068, recital 76; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191, recital 204.

(15) Commission staff working document SWD (2024) 91, 10 April 2024, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=SWD(2024)91&lang=en.

(16) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/492 of 1 April 2020 imposing definitive anti-dumping duties on imports of certain woven and/or stitched glass fibre fabrics originating in the People’s Republic of China and Egypt, recitals 139-141.

(17) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/492 of 1 April 2020 imposing definitive anti-dumping duties on imports of certain woven and/or stitched glass fibre fabrics originating in the People’s Republic of China and Egypt, recital 143.

(18) See: http://www.juningjixie.com/en/index.html (accessed on 10 February 2025).

(19) See: http://www.liaoan.com.cn/gy/2672.html (accessed on 10 February 2025).

(20) See: XCMG 2022 Annual Report, p. 89; available at: http://file.finance.sina.com.cn/211.154.219.97:9494/MRGG/CNSESZ_STOCK/2023/2023-4/2023-04-29/9182574.PDF (accessed on 7 February 2025).

(21) See: http://wap.sasac.gov.cn/n2588045/n27271785/n27271792/c14159097/content.html (accessed on 6 February 2025).

(22) See: http://wap.sasac.gov.cn/n2588045/n27271785/n27271792/c14159097/content.html (accessed on 6 February 2025).

(23) See: https://www.baoganggf.com/gsjj (accessed on 6 February 2025).

(24) See: https://www.shougang.com.cn/en/ehtml/CompanyProfile.html (accessed on 6 February 2025).

(25) See: https://www.shougang.com.cn/sgweb/html/index.html (accessed on 6 February 2025).

(26) See: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-02/08/content_5672513.htm (accessed on 6 February 2025).

(27) Ibid.

(28) See Section IV, Subsection 3 of the 14th FYP on Developing the Raw Materials Industry.

(29) See: https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/tz/art/2023/art_2a4233d696984ab59610e7498e333920.html (accessed on 6 February 2025).

(30) See: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202309/content_6901732.htm (accessed on 6 February 2025).

(31) See the Hebei Province’s Three Year Action Plan on Cluster Development in the Steel Industry Chain, Chapter II, Section 3.8; available at: https://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20200717/1089773.shtml (accessed on 6 February 2025).

(32) Ibid, Chapter I, Section 2.

(33) Ibid, Chapter I, Section 3.2.

(34) See the Henan Implementation Plan for the Transformation and Upgrade of the Steel Industry during the 14th FYP, Chapter II, Section 3; available at: https://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20211210/1192881.shtml (accessed on 6 February 2025).

(35) Jiangsu Province’s Work Plan Steel Sector Transformation and Upgrade and Layout Optimisation 2019-2025; available at: http://www.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2019/5/5/art_46144_8322422.html (accessed on 6 February 2025).

(36) Shandong Province’s 14 FYP on the Steel Industry Development; available at: https://m.mysteel.com/21/1119/11/DFD9D26D73D90F7D_abc.html (accessed on 6 February 2025).

(37) Shanxi Province’s 2020 Steel Industry Transformation and Upgrade Action Plan; available at: https://m.mysteel.com/20/0715/11/7BF7729C99CEB3EA_abc.html (accessed on 6 February 2025).

(38) Zhejiang Province’s Action Plan to Foster a High Quality Development of the Steel Industry: ‘ Foster enterprise mergers and reorganisation, accelerate the concentration process, reduce the number of steel smelting enterprises to approximately 10 enterprises ’; available at: https://www.jiaxing.gov.cn/art/2022/4/20/art_1228922756_59529426.html (accessed on 6 February 2025).

(39) See: http://www.ansteel.cn/dangdejianshe/dangjiandongtai/2023-03-17/12429.html (accessed on 6 February 2025).

(40) See XCMG’s 2022 Annual Report, p. 45; available at: http://file.finance.sina.com.cn/211.154.219.97:9494/MRGG/CNSESZ_STOCK/2023/2023-4/2023-04-29/9182574.PDF (accessed on 7 February 2025).

(41) See: https://www.xcmg.com/aboutus/news-detail-1127478.htm (accessed on 7 February 2025).

(42) See Baoshan Iron and Steel Ltd.’s 2023 Annual Report, page 41 https://static.sse.com.cn/disclosure/listedinfo/announcement/c/new/2024-04-27/600019_20240427_B5D4.pdf (accessed on 7 February 2025).

(43) See: https://www.wuganggroup.cn/people/3143 (accessed on 7 February 2025).

(44) See: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5Njg2NjIwMQ==&mid=2654952836&idx=1&sn=505b807e2826f1e3e6f08ba15b727722&chksm=bd294c728a5ec5641240246649545fda2b2065c015f861fa599249b2165962ca848a25a1faa2&token=1369557425&lang=zh_CN#rd (accessed on 7 February 2025).

(45) See: https://www.baoganggf.com/ggry (accessed on 7 February 2025).

(46) See: https://www.shougang.com.cn/sgweb/html/gsld.html (accessed on 7 February 2025).

(47) Updated Report – Chapter 2, p. 24-27.

(48) See: http://www.cncma.org/ (accessed on 10 February 2025).

(49) See: http://www.cncma.org/col/jieshao (accessed on 10 February 2025).

(50) See: http://www.cncma.org/article/472 (accessed on 10 February 2025).

(51) Ibid.

(52) See the list of CCMA’s members, available at: http://www.cncma.org//article/478?pageTitle=%E4%BC%9A%E5%91%98%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95 (accessed on 10 February 2025).

(53) Report, Part III, Chapter 14, p. 346 ff.

(54) See the People's Republic of China 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives for 2035, Part III, Article VIII, available at: https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/china-14th-five-year-plan/ (accessed on 10 February 2025).

(55) See in particular Sections I and II of the 14th FYP on Developing the Raw Materials Industry.

(56) See: https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/tz/art/2023/art_2a4233d696984ab59610e7498e333920.html (accessed on 10 February 2025).

(57) See: at: http://gxt.shandong.gov.cn/module/download/downfile.jsp?classid=0&filename=1f79d908601e479f83707e67b133e347.pdf (accessed on 10 February 2025).

(58) See: https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202406/19/content_WS6672c84ac6d0868f4e8e8531.html (accessed on 10 February 2025).

(59) Ibid.

(60) See: https://gxt.ln.gov.cn/gxt/tztg/9ACE8DDADE4648FB8A0C25B8BEB7E55D/index.shtml (accessed on 10 February 2025).

(61) See Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444, recital 63; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100, recital 33.

(62) World Bank Open Data – Upper Middle Income, https://data.worldbank.org/income-level/upper-middle-income.

(63) t24.010082.

(64) Regulation (EU) 2015/755 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 on common rules for imports from certain third countries (OJ L 123, 19.5.2015, p. 33, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2015/755/oj) as amended by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/749 of 24 February 2017 (OJ L 113, 29.4.2017, p. 11, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2017/749/oj).

(65) https://www.globaltradealert.org/data_extraction.

(66) https://www.macmap.org/.

(67) Regulation (EU) 2015/755 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 on common rules for imports from certain third countries (OJ L 123, 19.5.2015, p. 33, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2015/755/oj). Article 2(7) of the basic Regulation considers that domestic prices in those countries cannot be used for the purpose of determining normal value.

(68) http://www.turkstat.gov.tr => Press releases => select Labour Cost Statistics.

(69) http://www.turkstat.gov.tr => Press releases => select Labour Cost index.

(70) EMRA | Energy Market Regulatory Authority (epdk.gov.tr) => Press releases => select Electricity electricity market board decisions.

(71) 1 Kuruş corresponds to 0,01 Turkish lira.

(72) http://www.turkstat.gov.tr => Press releases => select Producer Price Index.

(73) https://www.searates.com/.

(74) https://terminal.freightos.com/fbx-11-china-to-northern-europe/.

(75) See Annex 27 of the complaint.

(76) Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machinery of heading 8426 , 8429 or 8430 , of cast iron or cast steel.

(77) https://terminal.freightos.com/fbx-11-china-to-northern-europe/.

(78) See Table 7 of the open version of the complaint.

(79) Annex 26 of the complaint - Report - Europe Crawler Earthmoving Machines Market (2024) - Mordor Intelligence.

(80) t25.003968.