Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/1706 of 25 July 2025 laying down rules, procedures and testing methodologies for the application of Regulation (EU) 2024/1257 as regards exhaust and evaporative emission type-approval of vehicles of categories M1 and N1 and amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to Regulation (EU) 2024/1257 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 April 2024 on type-approval of motor vehicles and engines and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, with respect to their emissions and battery durability (Euro 7), amending Regulation (EU) 2018/858 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Regulations (EC) No 715/2007 and (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011, Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151, Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 (1), and in particular Articles 14(3), point (a), and 14(4), points (a), (b), (c), (e), (f), (j), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r), (s), (u) and (v), thereof,

Having regard to Regulation (EU) 2018/858 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on the approval and market surveillance of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, amending Regulations (EC) No 715/2007 and (EC) No 595/2009 and repealing Directive 2007/46/EC (2), and in particular Articles 28(3), 30(3), 36(4), 37(8) and 38(3) thereof,

Whereas:

(1) Regulation (EU) 2024/1257 requires new types of vehicles of categories M1 and N1 and components, systems and separate technical units intended for vehicles of categories M1 or N1 to comply with emission limits and new emission provisions from 29 November 2026 and for new vehicles of categories M1 and N1 and components, systems and separate technical units for those vehicles, from 29 November 2027, with the exception of vehicles of categories M1 and N1 constructed by small-volume manufacturers for which the requirements shall apply as from 1 July 2030. The specific technical provisions necessary to implement Regulation (EU) 2024/1257 should be adopted. Therefore, this Regulation aims at setting the requirements necessary for the Emission type-approval of vehicles that are to be designated as ‘Euro 7’ vehicles, ‘Euro 7G’ vehicles, ‘Euro 7ext’ vehicles or ‘Euro 7Gext’ vehicles in accordance with Articles 4 and 5 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1257.

(2) Simplification is achieved by establishing the testing procedures, methodologies and procedures, tests and checks, in accordance with the requirements specified in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2024/1257 and eliminating tests which are no longer relevant and replacing certification tests with declarations by the vehicle manufacturer, by referring to UN Regulations where applicable, and by ensuring a consistent set of procedures and tests for the various phases of the emission type-approval.

(3) UN Regulations (3), notably UN Regulation No 154 (4), UN Regulation No 168 (5) and UN Regulation No 83 (6) are referred to in this Regulation only in the context of emission type-approval for light-duty vehicles that is covered by Article 14(8)(a) and (b) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1257. Testing procedures, methodologies and procedures, tests and checks that are included in the above-mentioned UN Regulations and relate to M2 and N2 vehicles shall be adopted subsequently under Article 14(9)(a) and (b) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1257.

(4) In order to integrate internationally harmonised technical rules into the emission type-approval system, references should be made to UN Regulation No 154 in accordance with the requirements set out in Table 1 of Annex III to Regulation (EU) 2024/1257 regarding test conditions and administrative provisions that apply to emissions type-approval under laboratory exhaust emission measurement, but also for Model Information Document, Model of Emission Type-Approval certificate and test report ensuring that emission type-approval specificities are set out. References should be made to UN Regulation No 168 in accordance with requirements set out in Table 1 of Annex III to Regulation (EU) 2024/1257 regarding test conditions and administrative provisions that apply to Emissions type-approval under Real Driving Emission (RDE), adding requirements that comply with specific provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/1257 regarding exhaust PN10 emissions. Where appropriate, reference should also be made to UN Regulation No 83 regarding the measurement of crankcase gases, the emissions at low ambient temperature and the in-service conformity methodology. Additionally, UN Regulation No 155 (7) should be referred to for cybersecurity measures and to ensure the secure transmission of data related to emissions.

(5) In order to reflect the average expected lifetime of vehicles in the Union, the tests, methods and procedures should include specific requirements to comply with the durability requirements of vehicles, systems, components and separate technical units under Regulation (EU) 2024/1257, more particularly under Annex IV thereto.

(6) Effective implementation is ensured by setting out roles and responsibilities of respectively manufacturers, Member States type-approval authorities and national authorities, and recognised third parties in accordance with Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2024/1257 for applicable tests and procedures. When required, templates for declaration of compliance shall be made available to manufacturers in accordance with the provisions of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2024/1257, in particular for specific tests applying to (i) crankcase emissions (Type 3 test); (ii) durability of emission control system (Type 5 test); (iii) OBD requirements for the purposes of emission type-approval; (iv) anti-tampering, security and cybersecurity requirements; (v) regeneration; (vi) correct operation of systems using a consumable reagent and pollution control devices; (vii) CO2 ambient temperature correction (ATCT); and (viii) geofencing technologies, where applicable.

(7) In order to ensure that the required type-approval information is consistently presented and for effective implementation as well as increased transparency, the emission type-approval certificate numbering system should be adapted to Regulation (EU) 2024/1257 requirements for applicable tests and procedures, ensuring a harmonised presentation. Templates for type-approval certificates and templates for certificates of conformity should be adapted where necessary and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683 (8) should be amended accordingly.

(8) In order to comply with the obligation provided for in Article 14(7) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1257 that for vehicle types of categories M1 and N1, the methods for measuring pollutant exhaust emissions and evaporative emissions are to reflect those laid down in Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 (9), the relevant methods, requirements and procedures should be specified in accordance with that requirement, notably for the Type 1 test, Type 3 test, Type 4 test, Type 5 test, Type 6 test and OBD requirements.

(9) The use of manipulation devices or manipulation strategies is prohibited under Regulation (EU) 2024/1257. Ensuring an effective implementation and enforcement of such prohibition is essential to safeguard the objectives of that Regulation. Specific methods, procedures, administrative procedures, reporting and documentation obligations should therefore be set out for establishing the absence of manipulation devices and manipulation strategies related to exhaust and evaporative emissions.

(10) A robust framework for the prohibition of manipulation devices and manipulation strategies should ensure that the emissions behaviour of vehicles is not altered between compliance testing and real-world driving, and that data on sensors, fuel or electric energy consumption, electric range, and battery durability remains accurate and reliable. It is therefore appropriate to set out general and technical requirements, as well as specific documentation requirements, to implement the prohibition of manipulation devices and manipulation strategies, and to clarify the roles and responsibilities of manufacturers, type-approval authorities, market surveillance authorities, the Commission and recognised third parties.

(11) At market surveillance stage, screening tests for the presence of manipulation devices and manipulation strategies related to exhaust and evaporative emissions should focus on identifying situations where the vehicle detects test conditions followed by a change in the emissions control strategy and emissions behaviour that is not documented at type-approval. For the effective performance of such screening tests and assessment, it is appropriate that market surveillance authorities performing such tests should use a variety of testing approaches, and be able to evaluate the results of the screening by comparing them not to the emission limits set out in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2024/1257, but to specific thresholds based on technical considerations.

(12) In order to ensure that the required type-approval information is consistently reflected, new examples for the Euro 7 type-approval related certificate numbering system should be introduced. For effective implementation, such as for registration purposes, the templates for the certificates of conformity should be adapted where necessary. Regulation (EU) 2020/683 should be amended accordingly.

(13) In order to provide approval authorities, market surveillance authorities and registration authorities of the Member States and the manufacturers with sufficient time to implement this Regulation regarding Certificate of Conformity, the date of application of Annex XVIII should be deferred.

(14) Whenever the measures provided for in this Regulation entail the processing of personal data, that processing should be carried out in accordance with Regulations (EU) 2016/679 (10) and (EU) 2018/1725 (11) of the European Parliament and of the Council, as well as the relevant national law in accordance with those Regulations.

(15) The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Technical Committee – Motor vehicles (TCMV),

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

Article 1

Scope

This Regulation applies to the emission type-approval with regard to exhaust emissions and evaporative emissions of the motor vehicles belonging to the following vehicle categories:

(1) M1 and N1;

(2) N2 designated as ‘Euro 7ext’ and ‘Euro 7Gext’ in accordance with Article 5 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1257.

Article 2

Definitions

For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:

(2) ‘periodically regenerating system’ means an exhaust emissions control device (e.g. catalytic converter, particulate trap) that requires a periodic regeneration process;

(3) ‘mono fuel vehicle’ means a vehicle that is designed to run primarily on one type of fuel;

(4) ‘mono fuel gas vehicle’ means a mono fuel vehicle that is designed primarily for permanent running on LPG or NG/biomethane or hydrogen, but may also have a petrol system for emergency purposes or starting only, where the nominal capacity of the petrol tank does not exceed 15 litres;

(5) ‘bi fuel vehicle’ means a vehicle with two separate fuel storage systems that is designed to run primarily on only one fuel at a time, however, the simultaneous use of both fuels is permitted in limited amount and duration;

(6) ‘bi fuel gas vehicle’ means a bi fuel vehicle where the two fuels are petrol (petrol mode) and either LPG, NG/biomethane, or hydrogen;

(7) ‘flex fuel vehicle’ means a vehicle with one fuel storage system that can run on different mixtures of two or more fuels;

(8) ‘flex fuel ethanol vehicle’ means a flex fuel vehicle that can run on petrol or a mixture of petrol and ethanol up to an 85 per cent ethanol blend (E85);

(9) ‘malfunction indicator’ or ‘MI’ means a visible or audible indicator that clearly informs the driver of the vehicle in the event of a malfunction of any emission-related component connected to the OBD system, or of the OBD system itself;

(10) ‘deficiency’ means, in the context of the OBD system, that up to two separate components or systems which are monitored contain temporary or permanent operating characteristics that impair the otherwise efficient OBD monitoring of those components or systems or do not meet all of the other detailed requirements for OBD;

(11) ‘net power’ means the power obtained on a test bench at the end of the crankshaft or its equivalent at the corresponding engine or motor speed with the auxiliaries, tested in accordance with Annex XX, and determined under reference atmospheric conditions;

(12) ‘rated engine power’ (Prated) means the maximum net power of the engine or motor in kW measured in accordance with the requirements of Annex XX;

(13) ‘maximum 30 minutes power’ means the maximum net power of an electric drive train at DC voltage as set out in paragraph 5.3.2 of UN Regulation No 85 (12);

(14) ‘Portable Emissions Measurement System’ or ‘PEMS’ means a portable emissions measurement system meeting the requirements specified in Annex 4 to UN Regulation No 168 (13);

(15) ‘permeability factor’ or ‘PF’ means the factor determined on the basis of hydrocarbon losses over a period of time and used to determine the final evaporative emissions;

(16) ‘Base Emission Strategy’ or ‘BES’ means an emission strategy that is active throughout the speed and load operating range of the vehicle unless an Auxiliary Emission Strategy is activated;

(17) ‘Auxiliary Emission Strategy’ or ‘AES’ means an emission strategy that becomes active and replaces or modifies a BES for a specific purpose and in response to a specific set of ambient or operating conditions and only remains operational as long as those conditions exist.

Article 3

Requirements for emission type-approval

In all references to UN Regulation No 154, only the Union related requirements characterised by level 1A shall apply. References to UN Regulation No 154 ‘criteria emissions’ shall be understood as references to ‘pollutant emissions’ in this Regulation.

The granting type-approval authority shall ensure that the type-approval test data are recorded for each Type 1 test and uploaded to the dedicated Commission server in accordance with Article 14 of Regulation (EU) 2021/392 (14).

Bi-fuel gas vehicles shall be tested with petrol and either LPG or NG/biomethane. The tests on LPG or NG/biomethane shall be performed for variation in the composition of LPG or NG/biomethane, as set out in Annex B6 to UN Regulation No 154 for pollutant emissions, and with the fuel used for the measurement of the net power in accordance with Annex XX to this Regulation.

However, the manufacturer shall provide the approval authority with information on the operating strategy of the exhaust gas recirculation system (‘EGR’), including its functioning at low temperatures.Such information shall also include a description of any effects on emissions.

At the request of the Commission, the approval authority shall provide information on the performance of NOx after-treatment devices and EGR system at low temperatures.

Article 4

Requirements for emission type-approval regarding the OBD system

The manufacturer shall ensure that the OBD system fulfils the requirements set out in Annex XI.

Article 5

Requirements for emission type-approval regarding on-board fuel and electric energy consumption monitoring devices