Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2386 of 27 November 2025 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of ironing boards originating in the People’s Republic of China following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council

• (142) Average prices increased by 33 % between 2020 and the review investigation period. This increase follows the sharp rise of costs of production, namely for the most important input material steel, as a consequence of the outbreak of the war in Ukraine [^ntr58-L_202502386EN.000101-E0058]. The Union industry managed to increase prices, also in the context of a general rise of inflation in the EU caused by the disruption of supply chains as a consequence of the outbreak of the war in Ukraine. However, this trend of price increases following the rise of input material costs ended in the course of the year of 2023. In the review investigation period, the Union industry did not raise the price level anymore also in a context of increasing imports as set out in recitals (109) and (118). Prices even decreased slightly compared with the year 2023.

5.4.3.2.   Labour costs

• (143) The average labour costs of the sampled Union producers developed over the period considered as follows:

Table 10

Average labour costs per employee

• (144) The average labour costs increased steadily during the period considered, overall by about 30 %. This increase reflects the overall trend in the EU with nominal wages rising in order to respond to rising costs of living including of energy costs, especially following the outbreak of the war in Ukraine [^ntr59-L_202502386EN.000101-E0059].

5.4.3.3.   Inventories

• (145) Stock levels of the sampled Union producers developed over the period considered as follows:

Table 11

Inventories

• (146) The level of stocks expressed as a percentage of the production volume remained overall stable during the period considered with an increase of the closing stock from 3 % in 2022 to 4 % in 2023.

5.4.3.4.   Profitability, cash flow, investments, return on investments and ability to raise capital

• (147) Profitability, cash flow, investments and return on investments of the sampled Union producers developed over the period considered as follows:

Table 12

Profitability, cash flow, investments and return on investments

• (148) The Commission established the profitability of the sampled Union producers by expressing the pre-tax net profit of the sales of the like product to unrelated customers in the EU as a percentage of the turnover of those sales. During the period considered the profitability of the Union industry fluctuated. It first increased between 2020 and 2021 from 3,69 % to 4,61 %, then decreased in 2022 to 3,27 % and increased again in 2023 to 6,85 %. In the review investigation period profitability dropped slightly to 6,52 %. Overall, profitability increased from 3,69 % in 2020 to 6,52 % in the review investigation period, which represented an increase of 2,83 percentage points. Despite the increasing trend, the level of profits did not reach the target profit that was considered adequate for this industry in the previous expiry review (i.e. 7,0 %) [^ntr60-L_202502386EN.000101-E0060], except in 2023 where profitability levels were close to this threshold. This is mainly due to the increase in production cost, as set out in recital (142), which was more pronounced from 2020 to 2022 than the increase of sales prices in the same period. In 2023 and in review investigation period, this trend reversed, and sales prices increased more rapidly than the costs which was also reflected in the profitability of these years that increased significantly as compared to 2022.

• (149) The net cash flow from operating activities follows the same trend as profitability. The net cash flow decreased between 2020 and 2022, and especially between 2021 and 2022. This occurred during a period of increasing sales prices, but also increasing costs of production. From 2023 onwards, the net cash flow improved being also substantially higher than at the beginning of the period considered.

• (150) Overall, the amount of annual investment declined by about half between 2020 and 2022. Following this sharp decline, investment levels recovered in 2023 and the review investigation period, while remaining at relatively low levels. Thus, compared with 2020, there was still a fall by 43 %. In the previous expiry review, the Commission observed that the high amounts of annual investment were preceded by high profit rates [^ntr61-L_202502386EN.000101-E0061]. This is confirmed in the current expiry review. The low profit rates at the beginning of the period considered were followed by a decreasing amount of annual investments, leading to a significant scaling down of investment activities of the Union industry.

• (151) The return on investments is the profit in percentage of the net book value of investments. Between 2020 and 2022, the percentage increased with the net book value of investment decreasing while profits remained stable. From 2023 onwards, the rates of return on investment were the highest, where the annual investment amounts were increasing. This shows that the Union industry was able and willing to increase investments, once the profitability was sufficiently high.

5.5.   Conclusion on injury

• (152) The main injury indicators, such as market share, sales prices as well as profitability and other financial indicators such as investment showed a positive trend. None of the injury indicators showed significantly negative trends. However, profitability remained well below the target profit of 7 % until 2022 and only just reached around this threshold in 2023 and the review investigation period.

• (153) The Union industry’s capacity to increase its sales prices was limited due to the unfair competition of imports from the PRC which, despite the antidumping measures in force, increased in volume during the review investigation period at prices undercutting those of the Union industry. As such, the Union industry was unable to increase its prices sufficiently to compensate for the increase in the cost of production that occurred during the period considered.

• (154) In view of the above, it can be concluded that the situation of the Union industry did not deteriorate during the period considered and that the measures were effective to a certain extent, in particular, in a situation of increasing production costs, and served as a safety net preventing a significant increase of the low priced imports from China which allowed the Union industry to realise some profits and not become loss-making.

• (155) It is therefore considered that the Union industry did not suffer material injury during the review investigation period. However, given the increase in production costs during the period considered, the low level of investments and the profitability that, albeit increasing, remained below the target profit, it can be considered that the Union industry still needs time to consolidate its positive development and is therefore still in a vulnerable situation.

• (156) Overall, on the basis of the above, the Commission concluded that the Union industry did not suffer material injury within the meaning of Article 3(5) of the basic Regulation during the review investigation period.

5.6.   Likelihood of recurrence of injury

5.6.1.   Preliminary remark

• (157) Given the findings and conclusions outlined in recitals (152) to (156), the Commission assessed, in accordance with Article 11(2) of the basic Regulation, whether there would be a likelihood of recurrence of injury originally caused by the dumped imports from the PRC if the measures were allowed to lapse. To this end, the Commission examined the following elements: the production capacity and spare capacities in the PRC, the attractiveness of the EU market, the price behaviour of Chinese exporting producers and likely price levels to the EU should measures be repealed and the effect of future imports on the Union industry’s situation.

5.6.2.   Production capacity and spare capacity in the PRC

• (158) As set out in recitals (91) to (94) based on the information available in accordance with Article 18 of the basic Regulation, the Chinese producers of ironing boards have significant spare capacity and are capable of adding further production capacity.

5.6.3.   The attractiveness of the EU market

• (159) As set out in recitals (95) to (101), the Union market remained attractive for Chinese imports as evidenced by the fact that they still entered the Union market in significant quantities representing a market share of 6 % during the review investigation period despite the measures in force.

• (160) While the overall import quantity decreased during the period considered, as mentioned in recital (108), the quantity of imports of stainless-steel ironing boards increased, yielding higher prices than other product types, as pointed out in recital (110) and (113). This trend of increasing imports is expected to accelerate in case measures are repealed. Stainless steel is precisely an area where the producers in the PRC enjoy an advantage over foreign competitors due to persistent government intervention, as already pointed out in the Report.

5.6.4.   Price behaviour of Chinese exporting producers and likely price level to the EU

• (161) For the likely price levels of imports from the PRC in the absence of anti-dumping measures, it was considered that the Chinese imports were already undercutting the Union industry during the review investigation period. The undercutting margin without taking into consideration the anti-dumping measures amounted to 26 % which was considered as a reasonable estimate of possible future price levels of Chinese imports should the measures be repealed.

5.6.5.   Impact on the Union industry

• (162) Given the above considerations, should measures be allowed to lapse, the Union industry will be confronted with an important increase of Chinese imports, significantly undercutting the Union industry’s prices. If, in an attempt to remain profitable, the Union industry would maintain its current price levels, it is likely that it would lose sales volume and market share rapidly, even in case of increasing consumption. Losing sales volume would lead to lower capacity utilisation rates and an increase in the average cost of production. This in turn would lead to a deterioration of the financial situation of the Union industry and to a decrease of its profitability which was already below the target profit during the period considered.

• (163) In the alternative, if the Union industry would try to match the lower price levels of the imports in an attempt to keep its sales volume and market share, this would have an immediate negative impact on its profitability level which is currently still below the target profit. There would also be a negative effect on the investments that in any event had not fully recovered during the period considered and also a negative impact on the financial indicators of the Union industry. This situation would have a serious impact on the Union industry’s capacity for its further development. Ultimately, this would lead to a decrease in sales volume and market share and the loss of employment on the Union market.

5.6.6.   Conclusion

• (164) On this basis, it is concluded that the absence of measures would in all likelihood result in a significant increase of dumped imports from the PRC at injurious prices and material injury would be likely to recur.

6. UNION INTEREST

• (165) In accordance with Article 21 of the basic Regulation, the Commission examined whether the maintenance of the existing anti-dumping measures would not be against the interest of the Union as a whole. The determination of the Union interest was based on an appreciation of the various interests involved, including those of the Union industry, importers, retailers, consumers and users.

• (166) The Commission recalls that, in the previous investigations, the adoption or maintaining of measures was considered not to be against the interest of the Union. Furthermore, the fact that the present investigation is a review, thus analysing a situation in which anti-dumping measures have already been in place, allows for the assessment of any undue negative impact on the parties concerned by the current anti-dumping measures. On that basis, it was examined whether, despite the conclusions on the likelihood of a continuation or recurrence of dumping and injury, compelling reasons existed which would lead to the conclusion that it is not in the Union interest to maintain measures in this particular case.

6.1.   Interest of the Union industry

• (167) As set out in recitals (162) and (163), the investigation showed that the expiry of the measures would likely have a significant negative effect on the Union industry. On the other hand, the continuation of measures would allow the Union industry to maintain or even increase its current price levels and reach sustainable profit margins, thus avoiding periods of financial deterioration. This would allow the Union industry to continue and increase its investments and thus maintain and develop its position on the EU market.

• (168) Therefore, it is concluded that maintaining the anti-dumping measures in force is in the interest of the Union industry.

6.2.   Interest of unrelated importers, retailers and interest of consumers (households)

• (169) No unrelated importers cooperated in the investigation. None of the other potential interested parties made themselves known during the investigation. Like in the previous investigation, no parties representing the interests of end-users, such as associations of consumers, came forward or cooperated in the investigation.

• (170) Based on the findings of the previous expiry review, there were no indications that maintaining the measures would have a significant negative impact on the importers or users that would outweigh the positive impact of the measures on the Union industry. The current review did not bring into light any information that would challenge these findings.

• (171) Furthermore, as set out in recital (116), imports from other third countries not subject to anti-dumping duties accounted for approximately one third of the Union market share contributing to price competition and choice of supply on the market. Therefore, it is concluded that there is no evidence suggesting that the measures in force considerably affected the importers of the product under review or other interested parties.

6.3.   Conclusion on Union interest

• (172) On the basis of the above, the Commission concluded that there were no compelling reasons of Union interest against maintaining the anti-dumping measures in force.

7. ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES

• (173) On the basis of the conclusions reached by the Commission on likelihood of continuation of dumping, likelihood of recurrence of injury and Union interest, in accordance with Article 11(2) of the basic Regulation, the anti-dumping measures on imports of ironing boards from China should be maintained.

• (174) To minimise the risks of circumvention due to the difference in duty rates, special measures are needed to ensure the application of the individual anti-dumping duties. The application of individual anti-dumping duties is only applicable upon presentation of a valid commercial invoice to the customs authorities of the Member States. The invoice must conform to the requirements set out in Article 1(3) of this regulation. Until such invoice is presented, imports should be subject to the anti-dumping duty applicable to ‘all other imports originating in the People’s Republic of China’.

• (175) While presentation of this invoice is necessary for the customs authorities of the Member States to apply the individual rates of anti-dumping duty to imports, it is not the only element to be taken into account by the customs authorities. Indeed, even if presented with an invoice meeting all the requirements set out in Article 1(3) of this regulation, the customs authorities of Member States must carry out their usual checks and may, like in all other cases, require additional documents (shipping documents etc.) for the purpose of verifying the accuracy of the particulars contained in the declaration and ensure that the subsequent application of the lower rate of duty is justified, in compliance with customs law.

• (176) Should the exports by one of the companies benefiting from lower individual duty rates increase significantly in volume after the imposition of the measures concerned, such an increase in volume could be considered as constituting in itself a change in the pattern of trade due to the imposition of measures within the meaning of Article 13(1) of the basic Regulation. In such circumstances and provided the conditions are met an anti-circumvention investigation may be initiated. This investigation may, inter alia, examine the need for the removal of individual duty rate(s) and the consequent imposition of a country-wide duty.

• (177) The individual company anti-dumping duty rates specified in this Regulation are exclusively applicable to imports of the product under review originating in China and produced by the named legal entities. Imports of the product under review produced by any other company not specifically mentioned in the operative part of this Regulation, including entities related to those specifically mentioned, should be subject to the duty rate applicable to ‘all other imports originating in China’. They should not be subject to any of the individual anti-dumping duty rates.

• (178) A company may request the application of these individual anti-dumping duty rates if it changes subsequently the name of its entity. The request must be addressed to the Commission [^ntr62-L_202502386EN.000101-E0062]. The request must contain all the relevant information enabling to demonstrate that the change does not affect the right of the company to benefit from the duty rate which applies to it. If the change of name of the company does not affect its right to benefit from the duty rate which applies to it, a regulation about the change of name will be published in the Official Journal of the European Union.

• (179) Statistics of ironing boards are frequently expressed in pieces. However, there is no such supplementary unit for ironing boards specified in the Combined Nomenclature laid down in Annex I to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 of 23 July 1987 on the tariff and statistical nomenclature and on the Common Customs Tariff [^ntr63-L_202502386EN.000101-E0063]. It is therefore necessary to provide that not only the weight in kg or tonnes but also the number of pieces for the imports of ironing boards must be entered in the declaration for release for free circulation. Pieces should be indicated for TARIC codes 3924 90 00 10, 4421 99 99 10, 7323 93 00 10, 7323 99 00 10, 8516 79 70 10 and 8516 90 00 51.

• (180) All interested parties were informed of the essential facts and considerations on the basis of which it was intended to recommend that the existing measures be maintained. They were also granted a period to make representations subsequent to this disclosure. No comments were received.

• (181) In view of Article 109 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 of the European Parliament and of the Council [^ntr64-L_202502386EN.000101-E0064] when an amount is to be reimbursed following a judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the interest to be paid should be the rate applied by the European Central Bank to its principal refinancing operations, as published in the C series of the Official Journal of the European Union on the first calendar day of each month.

• (182) The measures provided for in this regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Committee established by Article 15(1) Regulation (EU) 2016/1036,

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

Article 1

Member States shall, on a monthly basis, inform the Commission of the number of pieces imported under TARIC codes 3924 90 00 10, 4421 99 99 10, 7323 93 00 10, 7323 99 00 10, 8516 79 70 10 and 8516 90 00 51.

Article 2

This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels, 27 November 2025.

For the Commission

The President

Ursula VON DER LEYEN

[^ntr1-L_202502386EN.000101-E0001]: OJ L 176, 30.6.2016, p. 21, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/1036/oj.

[^ntr2-L_202502386EN.000101-E0002]: Council Regulation (EC) No 452/2007 of 23 April 2007 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and collecting definitively the provisional duty imposed on imports of ironing boards originating in the People’s Republic of China and Ukraine (OJ L 109, 26.4.2007, p. 12, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2007/452/oj).

[^ntr3-L_202502386EN.000101-E0003]: Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1243/2010 of 20 December 2010 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of ironing boards originating in the People’s Republic of China produced by Since Hardware (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd (OJ L 338, 22.12.2010, p. 22, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2010/1243/oj).

[^ntr4-L_202502386EN.000101-E0004]: Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 77/2010 of 19 January 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 452/2007 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of ironing boards originating, inter alia, in the People’s Republic of China (OJ L 24, 28.1.2010, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2010/77/oj).

[^ntr5-L_202502386EN.000101-E0005]: Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 270/2010 of 29 March 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 452/2007 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of ironing boards originating, inter alia, in the People’s Republic of China (OJ L 84, 31.3.2010, p. 13, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2010/270/oj).

[^ntr6-L_202502386EN.000101-E0006]: Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 805/2010 of 13 September 2010 re-imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of ironing boards originating in the People’s Republic of China, manufactured by Foshan Shunde Yongjian Housewares and Hardware Co. Ltd, Foshan (OJ L 242, 15.9.2010, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2010/805/oj).

[^ntr7-L_202502386EN.000101-E0007]: Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 1 October 2009, Foshan Shunde Yongjian Housewares & Hardware Co. Ltd v Council of the European Union, C-141/08 P, ECLI:EU:C:2009:598.

[^ntr8-L_202502386EN.000101-E0008]: Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 987/2012 of 22 October 2012 reimposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of ironing boards originating in the People’s Republic of China, manufactured by Zhejiang Harmonic Hardware Products Co. Ltd (OJ L 297, 26.10.2012, p. 5, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2012/987/oj).

[^ntr9-L_202502386EN.000101-E0009]: Judgment of the General Court (Fourth Chamber) of 8 November 2011, Zhejiang Harmonic Hardware Products v Council, Case T-274/07 (OJ C 223, 22.9.2007, p. 15, CELEX: 62007TA0274).

[^ntr10-L_202502386EN.000101-E0010]: Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 695/2013 of 15 July 2013 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of ironing boards originating in the People’s Republic of China, and repealing the anti-dumping measures on imports of ironing boards originating in Ukraine following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) and a partial interim review pursuant to Article 11(3) of Regulation (EC) No 1225/2009 (OJ L 198, 23.7.2013, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2013/695/oj).

[^ntr11-L_202502386EN.000101-E0011]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1662 of 1 October 2019 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of ironing boards originating in the People’s Republic of China following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 252, 2.10.2019, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/1662/oj).

[^ntr12-L_202502386EN.000101-E0012]: Notice of the impending expiry of certain anti-dumping measures (OJ C, C/2024/788, 16.01.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2024/788/oj).

[^ntr13-L_202502386EN.000101-E0013]: Notice of initiation of an expiry review of the anti-dumping measures applicable to imports of ironing boards originating in the People’s Republic of China (OJ C, C/2024/5916, 1.10.2024, ELI: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2024/5916/oj).

[^ntr15-L_202502386EN.000101-E0015]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1662.

[^ntr16-L_202502386EN.000101-E0016]: Commission Staff Working Document on Significant Distortions in the Economy of the People’s Republic of China for the purposes of Trade Defence Investigations (‘ Report ’), 10 April 2024, SWD(2024) 91 final – Section 5.5, p. 120.

[^ntr17-L_202502386EN.000101-E0017]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1662, recital (64).

[^ntr18-L_202502386EN.000101-E0018]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1662, recital (60).

[^ntr19-L_202502386EN.000101-E0019]: Report – Section 3.3.2, p. 47.

[^ntr20-L_202502386EN.000101-E0020]: Report – Section 12.10, p. 357.

[^ntr21-L_202502386EN.000101-E0021]: Report – Section 11.2.2, p. 299.

[^ntr22-L_202502386EN.000101-E0022]: Report – Section 14.8, p. 416.

[^ntr23-L_202502386EN.000101-E0023]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1662, recital (81).

[^ntr24-L_202502386EN.000101-E0024]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1662, recital (84).

[^ntr25-L_202502386EN.000101-E0025]: Report – Section 6.8, p. 181.

[^ntr26-L_202502386EN.000101-E0026]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1666 of 6 June 2024 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of steel ropes and cables originating in the People’s Republic of China as extended to imports of steel ropes and cables consigned from Morocco and the Republic of Korea, whether declared as originating in these countries or not, following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council, http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/1666/oj; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444 of 11 July 2023 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of steel bulb flats originating in the People’s Republic of China and Türkiye; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100 of 11 January 2023 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of stainless steel refillable kegs originating in the People’s Republic of China, http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2023/1444/oj; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068 of 26 October 2022 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain cold-rolled flat steel products originating in the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council, http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2022/2068/oj; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191 of 16 February 2022 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain iron or steel fasteners originating in the People’s Republic of China, http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2022/191/oj.

[^ntr27-L_202502386EN.000101-E0027]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1666, recital (76); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444, recital (66); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100, recital (58); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068, recital (80); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191, recital (208).

[^ntr28-L_202502386EN.000101-E0028]: See Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1666, recital (60); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444, recital (45); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100, recital (38); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068, recital (64); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191, recital (192).

[^ntr29-L_202502386EN.000101-E0029]: See Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1666, recitals (66) to (68); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444, recital (58); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100, recital (40); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068, recital (66); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191, recitals (193) and (194). While the right to appoint and to remove key management personnel in SOEs by the relevant State authorities, as provided for in the Chinese legislation, can be considered to reflect the corresponding ownership rights, CCP cells in enterprises, state owned and private alike, represent another important channel through which the State can interfere with business decisions. According to the PRC’s company law, a CCP organisation is to be established in every company (with at least three CCP members as specified in the CCP Constitution) and the company shall provide the necessary conditions for the activities of the party organisation. In the past, this requirement appears not to have always been followed or strictly enforced. However, since at least 2016 the CCP has reinforced its claims to control business decisions in SOEs as a matter of political principle. The CCP is also reported to exercise pressure on private companies to put ‘patriotism’ first and to follow party discipline. In 2017, it was reported that party cells existed in 70 % of some 1,86 million privately owned companies, with growing pressure for the CCP organisations to have a final say over the business decisions within their respective companies. These rules are of general application throughout the Chinese economy, across all sectors, including to the producers of the product under review and the suppliers of their inputs.

[^ntr30-L_202502386EN.000101-E0030]: See Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1666, recitals (61) to (65); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444, recital (59); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100, recital (43); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068, recital (68); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191, recitals (195) to (201).

[^ntr31-L_202502386EN.000101-E0031]: See Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444, recital (62); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100, recital (52); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068, recital (74); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191, recital (202).

[^ntr32-L_202502386EN.000101-E0032]: See Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1666, recital (72); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444, recital (45); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100, recital (33); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068, recital (75); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191, recital (203).

[^ntr33-L_202502386EN.000101-E0033]: See Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1666, recital (73); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1444, recital (64); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/100, recital (54); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068, recital (76); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191, recital (204).

[^ntr34-L_202502386EN.000101-E0034]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1662, recitals (99) and (100).

[^ntr35-L_202502386EN.000101-E0035]: World Bank Open Data – Upper Middle Income, https://data.worldbank.org/income-level/upper-middle-income.

[^ntr36-L_202502386EN.000101-E0036]: If there is no production of the product under review in any country with a similar level of development, production of a product in the same general category and/or sector of the product under review may be considered.

[^ntr38-L_202502386EN.000101-E0038]: Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT).

[^ntr39-L_202502386EN.000101-E0039]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1662, recital (127).

[^ntr41-L_202502386EN.000101-E0041]: Regulation (EU) 2015/755 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 on common rules for imports from certain third countries (OJ L 123, 19.5.2015, p. 33, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2015/755/oj). Article 2(7) of the basic Regulation considers that domestic prices in those countries cannot be used for the purpose of determining normal value.

[^ntr42-L_202502386EN.000101-E0042]: NACE Rev. 2 – Statistical classification of economic activities – Products Manuals and Guidelines – Eurostat.

[^ntr43-L_202502386EN.000101-E0043]: Request for review, Section 6.2.

[^ntr44-L_202502386EN.000101-E0044]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1662, recital (134).

[^ntr45-L_202502386EN.000101-E0045]: Request for review, Section 6.2. and Annexes 8 and 9.

[^ntr46-L_202502386EN.000101-E0046]: Request, Section 8.3.

[^ntr47-L_202502386EN.000101-E0047]: P. I-20, Investigation No 731-TA-1047 (Third Review), Ironing Tables and Certain Parts Thereof from China, August 2021, available at https://www.usitc.gov/publications/701_731/pub5221.pdf.

[^ntr48-L_202502386EN.000101-E0048]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1662, recital (197).

[^ntr49-L_202502386EN.000101-E0049]: Ironing tables and certain parts thereof from China; Inv. No 731-TA-1047 (Third Review): https://ids.usitc.gov/case/1585/investigation/5133 (last accessed 26 June 2025).

[^ntr50-L_202502386EN.000101-E0050]: Ironing tables and certain parts thereof from China; Inv. No 731-TA-1047 (Review): https://ids.usitc.gov/case/1585/investigation/2972, and 2010-15631.pdf (last accessed 26 June 2025).

[^ntr51-L_202502386EN.000101-E0051]: Ironing tables and certain parts thereof from China; Inv. No 731-TA-1047 (Second Review): https://ids.usitc.gov/case/1585/investigation/4271, and 2016-05172.pdf (last accessed 26 June 2025).

[^ntr52-L_202502386EN.000101-E0052]: US International Trade Commission, Investigation No 731- TA-1047 (Third Review), Ironing Tables and Certain Parts Thereof from China, August 2021, available here: pub5221.pdf (last accessed 26 June 2025).

[^ntr53-L_202502386EN.000101-E0053]: Federal Register / Vol. 88, No 75 / Wednesday, 19 April 2023, available here: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-04-19/pdf/2023-08232.pdf (last accessed 26 June 2025).

[^ntr54-L_202502386EN.000101-E0054]: Notice of determination 2020/35: anti-dumping duty on ironing boards originating in the People’s Republic of China, available here: Notice of determination 2020/35: anti-dumping duty on ironing boards originating in the People’s Republic of China – GOV.UK. Anti-dumping duties stemming from the previous expiry review Regulation and then transitioned into the UK were to expire on 3 October 2024. Pursuant to the Notice of Initiation Transition Review No TD0063 Anti-Dumping duty on ironing boards originating in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Initiation of a Transition Review of Anti-Dumping Measure, the UK Trade Remedies Authority (‘TRA’) initiated a transition review on 30 September 2024, available here: https://www.trade-remedies.service.gov.uk/public/case/TD0063/submission/1c3d51b7-04e4-4b1f-b546-5c1760ffbb0b/.

[^ntr55-L_202502386EN.000101-E0055]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1662, recital (134).

[^ntr56-L_202502386EN.000101-E0056]: Request, para. 98.

[^ntr57-L_202502386EN.000101-E0057]: Request, para. 14.

[^ntr58-L_202502386EN.000101-E0058]: Request, para. 98.

[^ntr59-L_202502386EN.000101-E0059]: Labour market and wage developments in Europe 2024 – Publications Office of the EU, p. 47.

[^ntr60-L_202502386EN.000101-E0060]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1662, recital (194).

[^ntr61-L_202502386EN.000101-E0061]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1662, recital (188).

[^ntr62-L_202502386EN.000101-E0062]: European Commission, Directorate-General for Trade, Directorate G, Rue de la Loi 170, 1040 Bruxelles/Brussel, BELGIQUE/BELGIË.

[^ntr63-L_202502386EN.000101-E0063]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2522 of 23 September 2024 amending Annex I to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 on the tariff and statistical nomenclature and on the Common Customs Tariff (OJ L, 2024/2522, 31.10.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/2522/oj).

[^ntr64-L_202502386EN.000101-E0064]: Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 September 2024 on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union (OJ L, 2024/2509, 26.9.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2509/oj).

ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/2386/oj

ISSN 1977-0677 (electronic edition)