Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/101 of 15 January 2026 on setting out the technical specifications and other requirements for the decentralised IT system, as referenced in Regulation (EU) 2023/2844 of the European Parliament and of the Council, in relation to the procedures established by the legal acts listed in points 3 and 4 of Annex I, the legal acts listed in points 1, 10 and 11 of Annex II to that Regulation, and to the procedure established by Article 19a of Regulation (EU) 2020/1784 of the European Parliament and of the Council, as introduced by Article 24(3) of Regulation (EU) 2023/2844 of the European Parliament and of the Council for the electronic service of documents through the European electronic access point

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to Regulation (EU) 2023/2844 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2023 on the digitalisation of judicial cooperation and access to justice in cross-border civil, commercial and criminal matters, and amending certain acts in the field of judicial cooperation (1), and in particular Article 10(1), thereof,

Whereas:

(1) In order to ensure secure, efficient, swift, interoperable, confidential and reliable communication between Member States for the purposes of cross-border judicial procedures in civil, commercial and criminal matters, appropriate communication technology should be used, provided that certain conditions relating to the security, integrity and reliability of the document received and the identification of the participants in the communication are met. The decentralised IT system referred to in Regulation (EU) 2023/2844 should be used by default in the communication between competent authorities.

(2) This decentralised IT system should be comprised of back-end systems in the Member States and the relevant Union bodies and agencies, as well as interoperable access points through which those systems are linked using secure interconnections.

(3) Regulation (EU) 2023/2844 mandates the use of qualified electronic signatures and seals as well as electronic identification means with assurance level high. To meet this obligation, it is necessary to ensure that the decentralised IT system is able to operate with qualified electronic signatures, seals, and electronic identification means, such as the European Digital Identity Wallets established pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 (2) (‘EU Digital Identity Framework’).

(4) Regulation (EU) 2022/850 of the European Parliament and of the Council (3) establishes the e-Justice Communication via the Online Data Exchange (e-CODEX) system, which is a tool developed to ensure direct, interoperable, sustainable, reliable and secure cross-border electronic exchange of case-related data between competent authorities. The access points of the decentralised IT system should be based on e-CODEX.

(5) The decentralised IT system under Regulation (EU) 2023/2844 is implemented within a larger e-CODEX-based decentralised IT system referred to as the JUstice Digital EXchange System (JUDEX) requiring an effective exchange of information concerning horizontal developments.

(6) It is necessary to lay down rules to enable Member States as well as Union bodies and agencies to adapt their relevant IT systems for the purpose of connection to the decentralised IT system.

(7) Member States should also be able to use software developed by the Commission (reference implementation software) instead of a national IT system. In order to ensure interoperability with national IT systems, the reference implementation software should be able to implement the digital procedural standards, as defined in Regulation (EU) 2022/850.

(8) Digital procedural standards, as defined in Regulation (EU) 2022/850, should be implemented by the national back-end systems and the authorised e-CODEX access points for the purposes of and in order to support electronic communication for the procedures established by the legal acts listed in points 3 and 4 of Annex I and the legal acts listed in points 1, 10 and 11 of Annex II to Regulation (EU) 2023/2844 and the procedure established by Article 19a of Regulation (EU) 2020/1784 of the European Parliament and of the Council (4), as introduced by Article 24(3) of Regulation (EU) 2023/2844 for the electronic service of documents through the European electronic access point.

(9) Nothing in this Regulation should be interpreted as derogating from the provisions of legal acts listed in Article 1.

(10) In accordance with Commission Decision (EU) 2024/789 (5), Ireland participates in this Regulation only in relation to the legal acts listed in Annexes I and II to Regulation (EU) 2023/2844 in which Ireland participates and by which it is bound. In accordance with Article 3 and Article 4a(1) of Protocol No 21 on the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland in respect of the area of freedom, security and justice, annexed to the Treaty on European Union and to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Ireland has notified their wish to take part in the adoption and application of Regulation (EU) 2020/1784.

(11) In accordance with Articles 1 and 2 of Protocol No 22 on the position of Denmark, annexed to the Treaty on European Union and to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Denmark is not taking part in the adoption of this Regulation and is not bound by it or subject to its application.

(12) The European Data Protection Supervisor was consulted in accordance with Article 42(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council (6) and delivered an opinion on 28 November 2025.

(13) The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Digitalisation of Judicial Cooperation Committee,

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

Article 1

Scope

This Regulation applies to:

(2) Electronic communications in the procedure established by Article 19a of Regulation (EU) 2020/1784, as introduced by Article 24(3) of Regulation (EU) 2023/2844 for the electronic service of documents through the European electronic access point.

Article 2

Technical specifications of the decentralised IT system

The technical specifications, measures and objectives of the decentralised IT system, referred to in Article 10(1), points (a), (b), (c) and (d), of Regulation (EU) 2023/2844 shall be as set out in Annex I to this Regulation.

Article 3

Digital procedural standard for the procedure under Regulation (EC) 1896/2006

The digital procedural standard applicable to electronic communication through the decentralised IT system in the procedure under Regulation (EC) No 1896/2006 shall be as set out in Annex II to this Regulation.

Article 4

Digital procedural standard for the procedure under Regulation (EC) No 861/2007

The digital procedural standard applicable to electronic communication through the decentralised IT system in the procedure under Regulation (EC) No 861/2007 shall be as set out in Annex III to this Regulation.

Article 5

Digital procedural standard for the procedures under Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA

The digital procedural standard applicable to electronic communication through the decentralised IT system in procedures under Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA shall be as set out in Annex IV to this Regulation.

Article 6

Digital procedural standard for the procedures under Directive 2014/41/EU

The digital procedural standard applicable to electronic communication through the decentralised IT system in procedures under Directive 2014/41/EU shall be as set out in Annex V to this Regulation.

Article 7

Digital procedural standard for the procedures under Regulation (EU) 2018/1805

The digital procedural standard applicable to electronic communication through the decentralised IT system in procedures under Regulation (EU) 2018/1805 shall be as set out in Annex VI to this Regulation.

Article 8

Digital procedural standard for the procedure under Article 19a of Regulation (EU) 2020/1784, as introduced by Article 24(3) of Regulation (EU) 2023/2844

The digital procedural standard applicable to electronic communication through the decentralised IT system in the procedure established by Article 19a of Regulation (EU) 2020/1784, as introduced by Article 24(3) of Regulation (EU) 2023/2844 for the electronic service of documents through the European electronic access point shall be as set out in Annex VII to this Regulation.

Article 9

Implementation timetable

The implementation timetable referred to in Article 10(1), point (f), of Regulation (EU) 2023/2844 shall be as set out in Annex VIII of this Regulation.

Article 10

Entry into force

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in the Member States in accordance with the Treaties.

Done at Brussels, 15 January 2026.

For the Commission The President Ursula VON DER LEYEN

(1) OJ L 2023/2844, 27.12.2023, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2844/oj.

(2) Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market and repealing Directive 1999/93/EC (OJ L 257, 28.8.2014, p. 73, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/910/oj).

(3) Regulation (EU) 2022/850 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2022 on a computerised system for the cross-border electronic exchange of data in the area of judicial cooperation in civil and criminal matters (e-CODEX system), and amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1726 (OJ L 150, 1.6.2022, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/850/oj).

(4) Regulation (EU) 2020/1784 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2020 on the service in the Member States of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial matters (service of documents) (OJ L 405, 2.12.2020, p. 40, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2020/1784/oj).

(5) Commission Decision (EU) 2024/789 of 6 March 2024 on confirming the participation of Ireland in Regulation (EU) 2023/2844 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the digitalisation of judicial cooperation and access to justice in cross-border civil, commercial and criminal matters (OJ L, 2024/789, 8.3.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2024/789/oj).

(6) Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 and Decision No 1247/2002/EC (OJ L 295, 21.11.2018, p. 39, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1725/oj).

(7) Regulation (EC) No 1896/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 creating a European order for payment procedure (OJ L 399, 30.12.2006, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2006/1896/oj).

(8) Regulation (EC) No 861/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 establishing a European Small Claims Procedure (OJ L 199, 31.7.2007, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2007/861/oj).

(9) Council Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA of 13 June 2002 on the European arrest warrant and the surrender procedures between Member States – Statements made by certain Member States on the adoption of the Framework Decision (OJ L 190, 18.7.2002, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_framw/2002/584/oj).

(10) Directive 2014/41/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 regarding the European Investigation Order in criminal matters (OJ L 130, 1.5.2014, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/41/oj).

(11) Regulation (EU) 2018/1805 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 November 2018 on the mutual recognition of freezing orders and confiscation orders (OJ L 303, 28.11.2018, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1805/oj).