Trade Marks Act 1963

PART I. Preliminary and General.

1 Short title and commencement.

1.—(1) This Act may be cited as the Trade Marks Act, 1963.

(2) This Act shall come into operation on such date as the Minister may by order appoint.

2 Interpretation.

2.—(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—

“the Act of 1927” means the Industrial and Commercial Property (Protection) Act, 1927;

“assignment” means assignment by act of the parties concerned;

“the Controller” means the Controller of Industrial and Commercial Property appointed under the Act of 1927;

“the Court” means the High Court;

“the Journal” means the Official Journal of Industrial and Commercial Property;

“limitations” means any limitations of the exclusive right to the use of a trade mark given by the registration of a person as proprietor thereof, including limitations of that right as to mode of use, as to use in relation to goods to be sold (or otherwise traded in) in any place within the State, or as to use in relation to goods to be exported to any market outside the State;

“mark” includes a device, brand, heading, label, ticket, name, signature, word, letter, numeral, or any combination thereof;

“the Minister” means the Minister for Industry and Commerce;

“the Office” means the Industrial and Commercial Property Registration Office established under the Act of 1927;

“partnership” has the meaning assigned to it by section 1 of the Partnership Act, 1890;

“permitted use” has the meaning assigned to it by paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of section 36 of this Act;

“prescribed” means, in relation to proceedings before the Court, prescribed by rules of court, and, in other cases, prescribed by this Act or the rules;

“the register” means the register of trade marks kept under this Act;

“registered trade mark” means a trade mark that is actually on the register;

“registered user” means a person who is for the time being registered as such under section 36 of this Act;

“the rules” means rules made by the Minister under section 3 or section 44 of this Act;

“trade mark” means, except in relation to a certification trade mark, a mark used or proposed to be used in relation to goods for the purpose of indicating, or so as to indicate, a connection in the course of trade between the goods and some person having the right either as proprietor or as registered user to use the mark, whether with or without any indication of the identity of that person, and means, in relation to a certification trade mark, a mark registered or deemed to have been registered under section 45 of this Act;

“transmission” means transmission by operation of law, devolution on the personal representative of a deceased person, and any other mode of transfer not being assignment.

(2) (a) In this Act references to the use of a mark shall be construed as references to the use of a printed or other visual representation of the mark, and references to the use of a mark in relation to goods shall be construed as references to the use thereof upon, or in physical or other relation to, goods.

(b) In any other Act references to a trade mark shall be construed as references to a trade mark under this Act.

3 Power of Minister to make rules.

3.—(1) The Minister may from time to time make such rules, prescribe such forms and generally do such things as he thinks expedient—

(a) for regulating the practice under this Act, including the service of documents;

(b) for classifying goods for the purposes of registration of trade marks;

(c) for making or requiring duplicates of trade marks and other documents;

(d) for securing and regulating the publishing and selling or distributing, in such manner as the Minister thinks fit, of copies of trade marks and other documents;

(e) generally, for regulating the business of the Office in relation to trade marks and all things by this Act placed under the direction or control of the Controller or of the Minister;

(f) for prescribing any matter referred to in this Act as prescribed or to be prescribed.

(2) Rules made under this Act shall, while in force, be of the same effect as if they were contained in this Act.

(3) Every rule made under this Act shall be advertised twice in the Journal, and shall be laid before each House of the Oireachtas as soon as may be after it is made and if a resolution annulling the rule is passed by either House within the next subsequent twenty-one days on which that House has sat after the rule is laid before it, the rule shall be annulled accordingly but without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done thereunder.

4 Fees.

4.—(1) There shall be paid in respect of applications, registrations, notices, notifications, statements, counter-statements, amendments, renewals, cancellations, declarations, certificates, certified copies, entries and other matters in relation to trade marks under this Act such fees as may from time to time be prescribed by the Minister with the sanction of the Minister for Finance.

(2) All fees prescribed under this section shall be collected and accounted for in such manner as the Minister with the sanction of the Minister for Finance shall direct.

(3) The Public Offices Fees Act, 1879, shall not apply in respect of any fees payable under this Act.

5 Exercise of powers of Minister.

5.—All things required or authorised under this Act to be done by, to or before the Minister may be done by, to or before the secretary of the Department of Industry and Commerce or any person authorised in that behalf by the Minister.

6 Excluded days.

6.—Whenever the last day fixed by this Act for doing anything under this Act falls on a day which is specified by the rules as an excluded day, the rules may provide that the thing may be done on the next subsequent day which is not specified by the rules as an excluded day.

7 Expenses.

7.—The expenses incurred by the Minister in the administration of this Act shall, to such extent as may be sanctioned by the Minister for Finance, be paid out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas.

8 Repeal and savings.

8.—(1) The following sections of the Act of 1927, namely, sections 3 and 9 (in so far as they refer to trade marks), 80 to 123, and (in so far as they refer to trade marks) 124, 125, 127 to 138, and 140 to 153, are hereby repealed.

(2) Nothing in this Act shall affect any order, rule, regulation or requirement made, table of fees or certificate issued, notice, decision, determination, direction or approval given, application made, thing done or trade mark or mark registered under the Act of 1927; and every such order, rule, regulation, requirement, table of fees, certificate, notice, decision, determination, direction, approval, application, thing, trade mark or mark, shall, if in force at the commencement of this Act, continue in force and shall, so far as it could have been made, issued, given, done or registered under this Act, have effect as if made, issued, given or done under the corresponding section of this Act.

(3) Any document referring to any enactment repealed by this Act shall be construed as referring to the corresponding section of this Act.

PART II. Provisions Relating to Registration.

9 The register of trade marks.

9.—(1) There shall continue to be kept at the Office for the purposes of this Act a book called the register of trade marks, wherein shall be entered all registered trade marks with the names, addresses and descriptions of their proprietors, notifications of assignments and transmissions, the names, addresses and descriptions of all registered users, disclaimers, conditions, limitations, and such other matters relating to registered trade marks as may be prescribed.

(2) The register shall continue to consist of two parts called respectively Part A and Part B.

(3) The register shall at all convenient times be open to the inspection of the public, subject to such regulations as may be prescribed.

(4) The register shall be kept under the control and management of the Controller.

(5) The register may, in lieu of being kept in the form of a book, be kept in such other form of record as may from time to time be approved by the Minister.

10 No action for infringement of unregistered trade mark.

10.—No person shall be entitled to institute any proceeding to prevent, or to recover damages for, the infringement of an unregistered trade mark, but nothing in this Act shall be deemed to affect rights of action against any person for passing off goods as the goods of another person or the remedies in respect thereof.

11 Registration to be in respect of particular goods.

11.—A trade mark must be registered in respect of particular goods or classes of goods, and any question arising as to the class within which any goods fall shall be decided by the Controller.

12 Right given by registration in Part A and infringement thereof.

12.—(1) Subject to this section, and to sections 15 and 16 of this Act, the registration (whether before or after the commencement of this Act) of a person in Part A of the register as proprietor of a trade mark (other than a certification trade mark) in respect of any goods shall, if valid, give or be deemed to have given to that person the exclusive right to the use of the trade mark in relation to those goods and, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing words, that right shall be deemed to be infringed by any person who, not being the proprietor of the trade mark or a registered user thereof using by way of the permitted use, uses a mark identical with it or so nearly resembling it as to be likely to deceive or cause confusion, in the course of trade, in relation to any goods in respect of which it is registered, and in such manner as to render the use of the mark likely to be taken either—

(a) as being use as a trade mark; or

(b) in a case in which the use is use upon the goods or in physical relation thereto or in an advertising circular or other advertisement issued to the public, as importing a reference to some person having the right either as proprietor or as registered user to use the trade mark or to goods with which such a person as aforesaid is connected in the course of trade.

(2) The right to the use of a trade mark given by registration as aforesaid shall be subject to any conditions or limitations entered on the register, and shall not be deemed to be infringed by the use of any such mark as aforesaid in any mode, in relation to goods to be sold or otherwise traded in in any place, in relation to goods to be exported to any market, or in any other circumstances, to which, having regard to any such limitations, the registration does not extend.

(3) The right to the use of a trade mark given by registration as aforesaid shall not be deemed to be infringed by the use of any such mark as aforesaid by any person—

(a) in relation to goods connected in the course of trade with the proprietor or a registered user of the trade mark if, as to those goods or a bulk of which they form part, the proprietor or the registered user conforming to the permitted use has applied the trade mark and has not subsequently removed or obliterated it, or has at any time expressly or impliedly consented to the use of the trade mark; or

(b) in relation to goods adapted to form part of, or to be accessory to, other goods in relation to which the trade mark has been used without infringement of the right given as aforesaid or might for the time being be so used, if the use of the mark is reasonably necessary in order to indicate that the goods are so adapted and neither the purpose nor the effect of the use of the mark is to indicate otherwise than in accordance with the fact a connection in the course of trade between any person and the goods.

(4) The use of a registered trade mark, being one of two or more registered trade marks that are identical or nearly resemble each other, in exercise of the right to the use of that trade mark given by registration as aforesaid, shall not be deemed to be an infringement of the right so given to the use of any other of those trade marks.

13 Right given by registration in Part B and infringement thereof.

13.—(1) Except as provided by subsection (2) of this section, the registration (whether before or after the commencement of this Act) of a person in Part B of the register as proprietor of a trade mark in respect of any goods shall, if valid, give or be deemed to have given to that person the like right in relation to those goods as if the registration had been in Part A of the register, and the provisions of section 12 of this Act shall have effect in like manner in relation to a trade mark registered in Part B of the register as they have effect in relation to a trade mark registered in Part A of the register.

(2) In any action for infringement of the right to the use of a trade mark given by registration as aforesaid in Part B of the register, otherwise than by an act that is deemed to be an infringement by virtue of section 14 of this Act, no injunction or other relief shall be granted to the plaintiff if the defendant establishes to the satisfaction of the Court that the use of which the plaintiff complains is not likely to deceive or cause confusion or to be taken as indicating a connection in the course of trade between the goods and some person having the right either as proprietor or as registered user to use the trade mark.

14 Infringement by breach of certain restrictions.

14.—(1) Where, by a contract in writing made with the proprietor or a registered user of a registered trade mark, a purchaser or owner of goods enters into an obligation to the effect that he will not do, in relation to the goods, an act to which this section applies, any person who, being the owner for the time being of the goods and having notice of the obligation, does that act, or authorises it to be done, in relation to the goods, in the course of trade or with a view to any dealing therewith in the course of trade, shall be deemed thereby to infringe the right to the use of the trade mark given by the registration thereof, unless that person became the owner of the goods by purchase for money or money's worth in good faith before receiving notice of the obligation or by virtue of a title derived through another who so became the owner thereof.

(2) The acts to which this section applies are—

(a) the application of the trade mark upon the goods after they have suffered alteration in any manner specified in the contract as respects their state or condition, get-up or packing;

(b) in a case in which the trade mark is upon the goods, the alteration, part removal or part obliteration thereof;

(c) in a case in which the trade mark is upon the goods, and there is also thereon other matter, being matter indicating a connection in the course of trade between the proprietor or registered user and the goods, the removal or obliteration, whether wholly or partly, of the trade mark unless that other matter is wholly removed or obliterated;

(d) in a case in which the trade mark is upon the goods, the application of any other trade mark to the goods;

(e) in a case in which the trade mark is upon the goods, the addition to the goods of any other matter in writing that is likely to injure the reputation of the trade mark.

(3) In this section references in relation to any goods to the proprietor, to a registered user, and to the registration, of a trade mark shall be construed, respectively, as references to the proprietor in whose name the trade mark is registered, to a registered user who is registered, and to the registration of the trade mark, in respect of those goods, and “upon” includes in relation to any goods a reference to physical relation thereto.

15 Saving for vested rights.

15.—Nothing in this Act shall entitle the proprietor or a registered user of a registered trade mark to interfere with or restrain the use by any person of a trade mark identical with or nearly resembling it in relation to goods in relation to which that person or a predecessor in title of his has continuously used that trade mark from a date anterior—

(a) to the use of the first-mentioned trade mark in relation to those goods by the proprietor or a predecessor in title of his; or

(b) to the registration of the first-mentioned trade mark in respect of those goods in the name of the proprietor or a predecessor in title of his;

whichever is the earlier, or to object (on such use being proved) to that person being put on the register for that identical or nearly resembling trade mark in respect of those goods under subsection (2) of section 20 of this Act.

16 Saving for use of name, address or description of goods.

16.—No registration of a trade mark shall interfere with—

(a) any bona fide use by a person of his own name or of the name of his place of business, or of the name, or of the name of the place of business, of any of his predecessors in business; or

(b) the use by any person of any bona fide description of the character or quality of his goods, not being a description that would be likely to be taken as importing any such reference as is mentioned in paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of section 12, or in paragraph (b) of subsection (3) of section 45, of this Act.

17 Distinctiveness requisite for registration in Part A.

17.—(1) In order for a trade mark (other than a certification trade mark) to be registrable in Part A of the register, it must contain or consist of at least one of the following essential particulars:—

(a) the name of a company, individual, or firm, represented in a special or particular manner;

(b) the signature of the applicant for registration or some predecessor in his business;

(c) an invented word or invented words;

(d) a word or words having no direct reference to the character or quality of the goods, and not being according to its ordinary signification a geographical name or a surname;

(e) any other distinctive mark, but a name, signature, or word or words, other than such as fall within the descriptions in paragraphs (a), (b), (c) and (d) of this subsection, shall not be registrable under this paragraph except upon evidence of its distinctiveness.

(2) For the purposes of this section “distinctive” means adapted, in relation to the goods in respect of which a trade mark is registered or proposed to be registered, to distinguish goods with which the proprietor of the trade mark is or may be connected in the course of trade from goods in the case of which no such connection subsists, either generally or, where the trade mark is registered or proposed to be registered subject to limitations, in relation to use within the extent of the registration.