S.I. No. 204/1984 - Solicitors' Accounts Regulations 1984

Type Statutory Instrument
Publication 1984-06-27
Last updated 2005-04-27
State In force superseded text
Text As published
articles 35

This is the act as published. Later amendments are not folded into the text below: each one is a separate act in this repository and an entry in this law's history.

3 amending acts · 2005-04-27, S.I. No. 227/2005 - Central Bank Act 1971 (Approval of Scheme of Transfer Between Barclay…

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S.I. No. 204 of 1984.

SOLICITORS' ACCOUNTS REGULATIONS 1984.

The Incorporated Law Society of Ireland in exercise of the powers conferred on it by Sections 4, 5, 66 and 71 of the Solicitors' Act, 1954, and of every other power enabling it and with the concurrence of the President of the High Court hereby make the following Regulations:

PART I — Preliminary

1.

1.

These Regulations may be cited as the Solicitors Accounts Regulations 1984 and shall come into operation on the 1st day of January 1985. Accountants' Reports under the Second Schedule will apply to accounting periods ending on or after the 1st day of January, 1985 whereupon the Solicitors' Accounts Regulations 1967-1977 shall cease to have effect.

2.

2.

(1) "Accountant" has the meaning given to by Part V 21 (3) of these Regulations;

"Accountants' Certificate" has the meaning given to it by Part V 21 (1) of these Regulations;

"Accounting Date" means the date in each year selected by a solicitor and notified by him to the Society pursuant to Part V 21 (2) of these Regulations;

"Accounting Period" means the period of one year ending on the accounting date;

"Associated Firm" shall mean where the two or more firms have one or more partners in common;

"Bank" shall mean a branch situated in the Republic of Ireland of a bank listed in the First Schedule or any other bank licensed under the Central Bank Acts as the Society may from time to time approve;

"Client" shall mean any person on whose account a solicitor holds or receives Client's money;

"Client Account" shall mean a current or deposit account in the name of the solicitor and in the title of which account the word "client" shall appear, at;

"Client's Money" shall mean money held or received by a solicitor on account of a person for whom he is acting in relation to the holding or receipt of such money either as a solicitor or, in connection with his practice as a solicitor, as agent, stakeholder or in any other capacity; provided that the expression "Client's Money" shall not include—

"Reporting Date" shall mean (i) the date expiring six months after the commencement of the accounting period and (ii) the date of the last day of the accounting period;

"Solicitor" shall mean a solicitor of the Court of Justice and shall include a firm of solicitors;

"Solicitor-Trustee" shall mean a solicitor who is a sole trustee or executor or who is a co-trustee or co-executor only with a partner, clerk or servant of his or with more than one of such persons;

"Trust Bank Account" shall mean a current or deposit account in the title of which the word "trustee" or executor" appears, or which is otherwise clearly designated as a trust account, kept at a bank and kept solely for money subject to a particular trust of which the solicitor is a solicitor-trustee;

"Trust Money" shall mean money held or received by a solicitor which is not client's money and which is subject to a trust of which the solicitor is a trustee whether or not he is a solicitor-trustee of such trust.

PART II — Client Accounts

3.

3.

Subject to the provisions of Regulation 6 hereof, every solicitor who holds or receives client's money or money which under Regulation 4 hereof he is permitted and elects to pay into a client account, shall without delay pay such money into a client account. Any solicitor may keep one client account or as many such accounts as he thinks fit.

4.

4.

There may be paid into a client account—

5.

5.

Where a solicitor holds or receives a cheque or draft which includes client's money or trust money of one or more trusts—

6.

6.

(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of these Regulations, a solicitor shall not be under obligation to pay into a client account client's money held or received by him—

( a ) which is received by him in the form of cash and is without delay paid in cash in the ordinary course of business to the client or on his behalf to a third party; or

( b ) which is received by him in the form of a cheque or draft which is endorsed over without delay in the ordinary course of business to the client or on his behalf to a third party and is not passed by the solicitor through a bank account; or

( c ) which he pays into a separate bank account in the name of the client or of some person designated by the client in writing.

7.

7.

There may be drawn from a client account—

( a ) in the case of client's money—

( b ) in the case of trust money—

( c ) such money, not being money to which either paragraph (a) or paragraph (b) of this Regulation applies, as may have been paid into the account under paragraph (b) of Regulation 4 or paragraph (b) of Regulation 5 of these Regulations and

( d ) money which for any reason may have been paid into the account by mistake;

provided that in any case under paragraph (a) or paragraph (b) of this Regulation the money so drawn shall not exceed the total of the money held for the time being in such account on behalf of such client or trust.

8.

8.

(1) No money drawn from a client account under Regulation 7 (a) (ii), 7 (a) (iv) or 7 (d) shall be drawn except by—

( a ) a cheque drawn in favour of the solicitor; or

( b ) a transfer to a bank account in the name of the solicitor not being a client account.

9.

9.

No sum shall be transferred from the ledger account of one client to that of another except in circumstances in which it would have been permissible under these Regulations to have withdrawn from client account the sum transferred from the first client and to have paid into client account the sum so transferred to the second client.

10.

10.

(1) Every solicitor shall at all times keep proper books of account—

( a ) to show all his dealings with—

( b ) to distinguish separately;

( b ) in a record of sums transferred from the ledger account of one client to that of another; and in addition—

( b ) all dealings of the solicitor relating to his practice as a solicitor other than those referred to in Paragraph (1) (a) of this Regulation shall (subject to compliance with the Regulations contained in Part III hereof) be recorded in such cash book and ledger or such other columns of a cash book and ledger as the solicitor may maintain.

( b ) at the same date or dates extract from his clients' ledger a list of balances due by him to clients and prepare a statement comparing the total of the said balances with the reconciled balance in the client bank account and retain such lists of balances and statements for a period of ten years from the dates they were respectively carried out; and

( c ) at the same date or dates prepare a client (or total) control account containing the totals of all items posted in detail to the debit and credit columns of the clients' ledgers and reconcile the balance therein with:

PART III — Trust Accounts

11.

11.

Subject to the provisions of Regulation 14 of these Regulations, every solicitor-trustee who holds or receives money subject to a trust of which he is a solicitor-trustee, other than money which is paid into a client account as permitted by the Regulations contained in Part II hereof, shall without delay pay such money into the Trust bank account of the particular trust.

12.

12.

A solicitor who is a trustee (not being a solicitor-trustee) and who receives trust money shall, without unnecessary delay, pay such money into a bank account in the names of the trustees kept solely for money subject to the trust, unless such trust money is temporarily paid into a client account.

13.

13.

There may be paid into a trust account—

( a ) money subject to the particular trust;

( b ) such money belonging to the solicitor-trustee or to a co-trustee of his as may be necessary for the purpose of opening or maintaining the account; or

( c ) money to replace any sum which for any reason may have been drawn from the account in contravention of Regulation 18 of these Regulations.

14.

14.

Where a solicitor holds or receives a cheque or draft which includes money subject to a trust or trusts of which the solicitor is solicitor-trustee—

( a ) he shall where practicable split such cheque or draft and, if he does so, shall deal with each part thereof as if he had received a separate cheque or draft in respect of that part; or

( b ) if he does not split the cheque or draft, he may pay it into a client account as permitted by the Regulations contained in Part II hereof.

15.

15.

Notwithstanding the provisions of these Regulations, a solicitor shall not be under obligation to pay into a trust bank account money held or received by him which is subject to a trust of which he is a solicitor-trustee—

( a ) if the money is received by him in the form of cash and is without delay paid in cash in the execution of the trust to a third party; or

( b ) if the money is received by him in the form of a cheque or draft which is without delay endorsed over in the execution of the trust to a third party and is not passed by the solicitor through a bank account.

16.

16.

No money, other than money which under the foregoing Regulations a solicitor is required or permitted to pay into a trust bank account, shall be paid into a trust bank account, and it shall be the duty of a solicitor into whose trust bank account any money has been paid in contravention of this Regulation to withdraw the same without delay on discovery.

17.

17.

There may be drawn from a trust bank account—

( a ) money properly required for a payment in the execution of the particular trust;

( b ) money to be transferred to a client account;

( c ) A record of bank lodgements of monies received lar trust, as may have been paid into the account under paragraph (b) of Regulation 13 of these Regulations; or

( d ) money which may for any reason have been paid into the account by mistake or otherwise in contravention of Regulation 16 of these Regulations.

18.

18.

No money other than money permitted by Regulation 17 of these Regulations to be drawn from a trust bank account shall be so drawn unless the Council upon an application made to them by the solicitor expressly authorise in writing its withdrawal.

19.

19.

(1) Every solicitor-trustee shall at all times keep properly written up such accounts as may be necessary—

( a ) to show separately in respect of each trust of which he is solicitor-trustee all his dealings with money received, held or paid by him on account of that trust; and

( b ) to distinguish the same from money received, held or paid by him on any other account.

PART IV — Books of Accounts

20.

20.

(1) The minimum books which a solicitor shall keep in connection with his practice are:

( a ) A cash book, or books, showing monies received and paid, ruled with separate principal money columns on each side, one for transactions on office account and others for transactions on client account and, where appropriate, trust bank account or, alternatively, at the solicitor's option, separate cash books, one for transactions on office account, and others for transactions on client account and where appropriate transactions on trust client bank account and

( b ) A ledger or ledgers kept so as to distinguish clearly between transactions on client account and trust bank account and transactions on office account and

( c ) A record or bank lodgements of monies received by the solicitor in connection with his practice, distinguishing between lodgements made to client account or trust bank account and lodgements made to other accounts.

PART V — Accountant's Reports.

21.

21.

(1) "Accountant's Certificate". Every solicitor to whom these Regulations apply shall deliver to the Society within six months of the accounting date in each practice year, or within such further period as the Society may permit, a certificate in the form of a report signed by an accountant (in these Regulations referred to as an "Accountant's Report") in the form set out in the Second Schedule hereto or in such other form as may be approved by the Society, in respect of the accounting period.

( a ) he is a member in practice of:

( b ) he has neither been at any time during the accounting period to which the Report relates, nor subsequently, before giving the Report, become a partner, clerk or servant of such solicitor or of any partner of his; and

( c ) Any other persons (approved by the Society) who is considered by the Council to have adequate qualifications or experience in the auditing of accounts;

( d ) he is not subject to the notice of disqualification under paragraph (4) of this Regulation.

22.

22.

(1) For the purpose of giving an Accountant's Report, an accountant shall ascertain from the solicitor particulars of all bank accounts, (including trust bank accounts) kept, maintained or operated by the solicitor in connection with his practice at any time during the accounting period to which his Report relates and subject to paragraph (2) of this Regulation make where applicable the following examination of the books, accounts and other relevant documents of the solicitor—

( a ) so examine the book-keeping system in every office of the solicitor as to enable the accountant to verify that such system complies with Regulations 10 and 20 and in the case of trust accounts Regulation 19 of these Regulations, and is so designed that—

( b ) make test checks of postings to clients' ledger accounts from records of receipts and payments of clients' money and make test checks of the totals of such accounts and records;

( c ) compare a sample of lodgments into and payments from the client account as shown in bank statements with the solicitor's records of receipts and payments of clients' money;

( d ) enquire into and test check the system of recording costs and of making withdrawals in respect of costs from the client account;

( e ) make a test examination of such documents as he shall request the solicitor to produce to him with the object of ascertaining and confirming—

( f ) check extractions of balances on the clients' ledger accounts at the last day of the accounting period under review and at such date—

( g ) make a test examination of the client's ledger accounts in order to ascertain whether payments from the client account have been made on any individual account in excess of money held on behalf of that client;

( h ) examine such office ledger and cash accounts and bank statements as the solicitor maintains with a view to ascertaining whether any client's money has not been paid into a client account;

( i ) satisfy himself that the reconciliations and lists of balances referred to in Regulation 10 (3) of these Regulations have been regularly prepared during the accounting period covered by the Report;

( j ) make test checks of postings to the client's ledger control account;

( k ) Ask for such information and explanations as he may require arising out of sub-paragraphs (a) to (j);

( l ) Regarding trust bank accounts—

Perform such audit tests as may be considered appropriate. Such tests comprising as a minimum the following procedures;

( a ) to extend his enquiries beyond the information contained in the relevant documents relating to any client's matter produced to him supplemented by such information and explanations as he may obtain from the solicitor;

( b ) to enquire into the stocks, shares, other securities or documents of title held by the solicitor on behalf of his clients; or

23.

23.

The solicitor shall produce to the accountant any document which the accountant may consider necessary for him to inspect for the purposes of his examination in accordance with Regulation 22 of these Regulations. It shall not be necessary to disclose a client's entire file to the accountant but the correspondence covering payments/receipts shall be made available to the accountant to enable him to vouch the transactions in the books of account with the supporting files, and where the solicitor declines to make available such correspondence the accountant shall qualify his report to that effect setting out the circumstances.

24.

24.

No Accountant's Report shall be required in the case of a solicitor who—

( b ) is in the whole time service of the State; or

( c ) is in the part time service of the State so far as regards monies received, held or paid by him in the course of such service; or

( d ) has satisfied the Society that he has at no time during the accounting period held or received client's money or trust money.

( a ) for the first time; or

( b ) for the first time, after having for 12 months or more, ceased so to do; or

( c ) has satisfied the Council that either—

25.

25.

(1) In the case of a solicitor who—

( a ) comes under an obligation to deliver his first Accountant's Report; or

( b ) having been exempt under Regulation 24 of these Regulations from delivering an Accountant's Report in the preceding practice year, comes under obligation to deliver an Accountant's Report,

the accounting period shall begin on the date upon which he first held or received client's money or, after such exemption, began again to hold or receive client's money, and may cover less than twelve months, and shall in all other respects comply with the requirements of Section 31 (1) of the Solicitors Acts 1954/60.

26.

26.

(1) In the case of a solicitor who—

( a ) was not exempt under Regulation 24 of these Regulations from delivering an Accountant's Report in the preceeding practice year; and

( b ) since the expiry of the accounting period covered by such Accountant's Report has become, or ceased to be, a member of a firm of solicitors; or

( c ) as a result or in anticipation of a change in the normal date to which his or his firm's accounts are made up, has sought and obtained permission from the Council,

the accounting period may cover more/less than twelve months and shall in all other respects comply with the requirements of Section 31(1) of the Solicitors' Acts 1954/60.

( a ) the Accountant's Report delivered by him to the Society in each practice year should cover all client's money and trust money held or received by him including all monies received by him in the capacity of solicitor-trustee;

( b ) each place of business shall have the same accounting date.

( a ) The Accountant's Report delivered by them to the Society in each practice year should cover all clients' money held or received by them;

( b ) Each firm's Accountant's Report shall be prepared to the same accounting date by the same accountant.

27.

27.

Every notice to be given by the Council under these Regulations to an accountant shall be in writing under the hand of the Director General of the Society and sent by registered post to the address of the accountant as shown on an Accountant's Report or appearing in the records of the professional body of which the accountant is a member, and, when so given and sent, shall be deemed to have been received by the accountant within two working days of the time of posting.

28.

28.

The Council shall have power to waive in writing in any particular case any of the Regulations in this Part.

PART VI — General

29.

29.

(1) In order to ascertain whether these Regulations have been complied with, the Council acting either on their own motion or on a written complaint lodged with them, may approve and appoint an accountant for such purposes as hereinafter mentioned.

30.

30.

Money drawn from a client account for a client or trust shall not exceed the total of the money held for the time being in such account on behalf of such client or trust.

31.

31.

(1) Every solicitor practising on his own account and every solicitor-trustee shall, whenever required by the Council, prepare or cause to be prepared and shall submit to the Council within such time, not being less than seven days, as the Council shall require by notice in writing, such accounting statement as will show in summary form the true balances of all monies received and due in respect of all clients and trusts, and appropriate reconciliations or, if so required in respect of any particular client or trust, and where and how at the date of such statement such balances are held in safe-keeping and available for payment.

( a ) whether or not he is satisfied that the said books, accounts and accounting statements have been properly kept and prepared in accordance with Regulations 10 and 20 and in the case of trust bank accounts Regulation 19 and whether they record truly the financial position of the solicitor towards all clients and trusts,

( b ) if he is not satisfied as aforesaid the matters in respect of which he is not so satisfied and also reporting the balance on the solicitor's client account and any trust bank account.

32.

32.

Each partner of a firm of solicitors shall be responsible for securing compliance by the firm with the provision of these Regulations.

33.

33.

Every requirement, authorisation and notification to be made or given by the Council to a solicitor under these Regulations shall be made in writing under the hand of the Registrar or the Director General of the Society or such person as may be appointed by the Council for the purpose and may, without prejudice, to any other methods of service authorised by the Solicitors Acts, 1954 and 1960 be sent by registered post to the last address of the solicitor appearing on the Register of Solicitors and when so made and sent shall be deemed to have been received by the solicitor within two working days of the time of posting.

34.

34.

Nothing in these Regulation shall deprive a solicitor of any recourse or right, whether by way of lien, set off, counterclaim, charge or otherwise against monies standing to the credit of a client account or a trust bank account.

35.

35.

Subject to the provisions of Section 66 (3) of the Principal Act and of these Regulations, these Regulations apply to every solicitor who receives client's money or trust money.

FIRST SCHEDULE.

Agricultural Credit Corporation Limited

Algemene Bank Nederland (Ireland) Limited

Allied Irish Banks Limited

Allied Irish Finance Company Limited

Allied Irish Investment Bank Limited

Anglo-Irish Bank Limited

Ansbacher & Company Limited

Bank of America

Bank of Ireland

Bank of Ireland Finance Limited

Bank of Nova Scotia

Banque Nationale de Paris (Ireland) Limited

Barclays Bank International Limited

Barclays Commercial Bank Limited

Bowmaker (Ireland) Limited

Citibank N.A.

Chase Bank (Ireland) Limited

City of Dublin Bank Limited

Credit Finance Bank Limited

First National Bank of Chicago

First Southern Bank Limited

Forward Trust (Ireland) Limited

Guinness & Mahon Limited

Hill Samuel & Company (Ireland) Limited

Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation

Industrial Credit Company Limited

Investment Bank of Ireland Limited

Irish Bank of Commerce Limited

Irish Intercontinental Bank Limited

Lombard & Ulster Banking (Ireland) Limited

Mercantile Credit Company of Ireland Limited

Northern Bank Limited

Northern Bank Finance Corporation Limited

Post Office Savings Bank

Standard Chartered Bank Ireland Limited

Trinity Bank Limited

Trustee Savings Banks

Ulster Bank Limited

Ulster Investment Bank Limited

UDT Bank Limited

SECOND SCHEDULE

Accountant's Report

To:
The Director General,
Incorporated Law Society of Ireland,
Blackhall Place,
Dublin 7.
Note 1 Name of Solicitor's Firm _________
Note 2 Names of Partners ______ _____ ______ _____ ______ _____ ______ _____
Note 3 Address of Principal Office ______ _____ ______ _____
Note 4 Addresses of other offices ______ ______ _________
Accounting Period covered by this Report Accounting Period covered by this Report
Beginning on ____
Ending on _______

In compliance with Section 31 of the Solicitors Act, 1960, and the Solicitors' Accounts Regulations 1984 under Section 66 of the Solicitors' Acts 1954/60, and in accordance with Regulation 22 of these Regulations I have examined the books, accounts and documents produced to me in respect of the above practice(s) of the above-named solicitor(s).

1.

Based on this examination in my opinion, he/they have complied with the provisions of parts II, III and IV of the Solicitors' Accounts Regulations 1984 during the above mentioned accounting period, except in so far as concerns:

( a ) certain trivial breaches due to clerical errors or mistakes in bookkeeping, all of which were rectified on discovery and none of which, I am satisfied, resulted in any loss to any client;

( b ) the matters set out in the First Section on the back hereof, in respect of which I have not been able to satisfy myself for the reasons therein stated;

( c ) the matters set out in the Second Section on the back hereof, in respect of which it appears to me that the solicitor has not complied with the provisions of Parts II, III and IV of the Solicitors' Accounts Regulations 1984.

2.

The results of the comparisons required under Regulation 22 (1) of the Solicitors' Accounts Regulations 1984 of the last date of the accounting period under review were as follows:—

( a ) Liabilities to clients as shown by clients' ledger accounts ( a ) Liabilities to clients as shown by clients' ledger accounts ( a ) Liabilities to clients as shown by clients' ledger accounts ( a ) Liabilities to clients as shown by clients' ledger accounts ( a ) Liabilities to clients as shown by clients' ledger accounts ________
( b ) Liabilities to clients as per the clients' ledger control account ( b ) Liabilities to clients as per the clients' ledger control account ( b ) Liabilities to clients as per the clients' ledger control account ( b ) Liabilities to clients as per the clients' ledger control account ( b ) Liabilities to clients as per the clients' ledger control account ________
( c ) Funds held in client account after allowance for outstanding cheques and lodgments cleared after the accounting date ( c ) Funds held in client account after allowance for outstanding cheques and lodgments cleared after the accounting date ( c ) Funds held in client account after allowance for outstanding cheques and lodgments cleared after the accounting date ( c ) Funds held in client account after allowance for outstanding cheques and lodgments cleared after the accounting date ( c ) Funds held in client account after allowance for outstanding cheques and lodgments cleared after the accounting date ________
Where the figures set out in (a), (b) or (c) above do not agree I have set out an explanation of the differences arising in the Third Section on the back hereof. Where the figures set out in (a), (b) or (c) above do not agree I have set out an explanation of the differences arising in the Third Section on the back hereof. Where the figures set out in (a), (b) or (c) above do not agree I have set out an explanation of the differences arising in the Third Section on the back hereof. Where the figures set out in (a), (b) or (c) above do not agree I have set out an explanation of the differences arising in the Third Section on the back hereof. Where the figures set out in (a), (b) or (c) above do not agree I have set out an explanation of the differences arising in the Third Section on the back hereof. Where the figures set out in (a), (b) or (c) above do not agree I have set out an explanation of the differences arising in the Third Section on the back hereof.
3. ( a ) Having retired from active practice as a solicitor the said 3. ( a ) Having retired from active practice as a solicitor the said 3. ( a ) Having retired from active practice as a solicitor the said 3. ( a ) Having retired from active practice as a solicitor the said ________ ________
ceased to hold client's money on ceased to hold client's money on ceased to hold client's money on __________ __________ __________
( b ) Having ceased to practise under the style of ( b ) Having ceased to practise under the style of ( b ) Having ceased to practise under the style of ( b ) Having ceased to practise under the style of ( b ) Having ceased to practise under the style of
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
the said _____________ the said _____________ the said _____________ the said _____________ the said _____________ the said _____________
ceased to hold client's money under that style on ______ ceased to hold client's money under that style on ______ ceased to hold client's money under that style on ______ ceased to hold client's money under that style on ______ ceased to hold client's money under that style on ______ ceased to hold client's money under that style on ______
Particulars of the Accountant Particulars of the Accountant Particulars of the Accountant Particulars of the Accountant Particulars of the Accountant
Firm Name Firm Name _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
Address Address _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
Signature Signature _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
Qualification Qualification _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
Date Date _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

FIRST SECTION

Matters in respect of which the accountant has been unable to satisfy himself and the reasons for that inability:—

SECOND SECTION

Matters (other than trivial breaches) in respect of which it appears to the accountant that the solicitor has not complied with the provisions of the Solicitors' Account Regulations 1984:—

THIRD SECTION

An explanation of any differences arising as between the liabilities to clients as shown by the clients ledger accounts and the funds held in client account and the balance on the clients' ledger control account should be set out in detail and explained fully.

Note 1 Block capitals should be used.

Note 2 If the space provided is inadequate to list all of the partners a separate schedule may be appended to the report.

Note 3 All addresses at which the solicitor practises must be covered by an Accountant's Report. If an address is not so covered the reason must be stated.

Note 4 All addresses at which the associated firms practise must be covered by an Accountant's Report.

Note 5 The original of this report when completed should be lodged with the Society accompanied by a covering letter on the accountant's professional stationery and a copy thereof should be sent to the solicitor.

Note 6 Blank copies of the Accountant's Report may be obtained from the Society on request. The format of the report may be reproduced on the accountant's professional stationery.

DATED this 27th day of June, 1984.

Signed on behalf of the Incorporated

Law Society of Ireland,

FRANK O'DONNELL,

President, Incorporated

Law Society of Ireland.

I concur in the making of the above Regulations.

THOMAS A. FINLAY,

President of the High Court.

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