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Criminal Justice (Mutual Assistance) Act 2008

Type Act

Publication 2008-04-28

Last updated 2025-05-20

State Partially repealed

Text Latest available text

Source Irish Statute Book

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articles 714

This is the most recent text the official source publishes. It is not a snapshot of the law as it stood on the date of each change.

32 amending acts · 2025-05-20, revised-IE-2008-act-7@2025-05-20

— (a) to enable effect to be given in the State to provisions of the following international instruments relating to mutual assistance in criminal matters: (i) the European Union Convention of 29 May 2000, the Protocol thereto of 16 October 2001 and the Agreement of 19 December 2003 between the European Union and the Republic of Iceland and the Kingdom of Norway on the application of certain provisions of the convention and protocol, (ii) Council Framework Decision 2003/577/JHA of 22 July 2003 concerning orders freezing property or evidence, (iii) the Second Additional Protocol of 8 November 2001 to the European Convention of 20 April 1959, (iv) the Treaty of 18 January 2001 between the United States of America and Ireland, as applied by the instrument contemplated by Article 3(2) of the Agreement of 25 June 2003 between the European Union and the United States of America and done at Dublin on 14 July 2005; (b) to give effect to Council Decision (2002/192/EC) of 28 February 2002 concerning Ireland's request to take part in some of the provisions of the Schengen Acquis, in so far as those provisions relate to mutual assistance in criminal matters; (c) to repeal and re-enact, with amendments, Part VII (International Co-operation) of the Criminal Justice Act 1994; and to provide for related matters

Reform history JSON API

(ii) that the defendant appeared or was represented at the proceedings in which the order was made or, if not, the date on which the court proceedings began and the date on which the defendant received notice of them,

(d) any other information required by the relevant international instrument, and

(e) a request for forfeiture of the property concerned and its disposal.

59. Transmission of external forfeiture order to State for enforcement.

59.— (1) An external forfeiture order may be transmitted by or on behalf of the court that made it to the Central Authority with a request for its enforcement.

(2) The external forfeiture order shall be accompanied by—

(a) a duly certified copy of the order,

(b) a statement by or on behalf of the court that made the order—

(i) that it is in force and not subject to appeal, and

(ii) that, if the person against whom it was made did not appear in the proceedings concerned, notice thereof was received by the person in good time to defend the proceedings,

(d) any required translations,

and shall include any further information required by the relevant international instrument.

60. Forfeiture co-operation order.

60.— (1) The Central Authority, on receipt of an external forfeiture order and accompanying documents, may cause an application to be made to the High Court for an order (a “forfeiture co-operation order”) for the forfeiture of realisable property in the State to which the external forfeiture order relates.

(2) The application shall be accompanied by the request, the accompanying documents and any other related documents or by copies thereof.

(3) On the application the Court may, subject to subsection (4), make a forfeiture co-operation order.

(4) The Court may not make a forfeiture co-operation order unless—

(a) it is satisfied—

(i) that the application is made with the consent of the Minister,

(ii) as to the matters mentioned in section 59(2)(b),

(iii) that the conduct which resulted in the making of the external forfeiture order constitutes criminal conduct, and

(iv) that the making of the order is otherwise in accordance with the relevant international instrument,

and

(b) an opportunity has been given to any person claiming to own, or have an interest in, the property subject to the external forfeiture order to show cause why the order should not be made.

(5) A forfeiture co-operation order operates to deprive the defendant in the proceedings in which the external forfeiture order was made of any right or interest in the property and to vest the property in the Commissioner of the Garda Síochána.

(6) The forfeited property or the proceeds of any sale of the property shall be disposed of for the benefit of the Exchequer in accordance with the directions of the Minister for Finance, unless, on request by or on behalf of the designated state concerned and in accordance with the relevant international instrument, the Court provides otherwise.

(7) The Court—

(a) may vary or discharge a forfeiture co-operation order on the application of any person claiming to own or have an interest in the property concerned or to be otherwise affected by the order and may in that connection consult the court which made the external forfeiture order, and

(b) shall—

(i) vary a forfeiture co-operation order in accordance with any variation in the external forfeiture order, and

(ii) if satisfied that the external forfeiture order has been revoked, discharge it.

(8) The Police (Property) Act 1897 does not apply to property which vests in the Commissioner of the Garda Síochána by virtue of this section.

(9) This section applies to any property which is in the possession of the Garda Síochána under section 61(4) of the Act of 1994.

(10) Nothing in this section affects any enactment whereby property is, or may be ordered to be, forfeited as a result of a conviction for an offence.

F59[PART 4A Financial Penalties]

60A. F60[Interpretation

60A.— In this Part—

"appropriate court", in relation to an external financial penalty order, means a court in the State that has jurisdiction to impose a financial penalty of the same amount as the sum mentioned in the external financial penalty order;

"certificate" means the certificate provided for in Article 4 of the 2005 Framework Decision, the standard form of which is provided for in the Annex to that Framework Decision;

"competent authority", in relation to a member state, means—

(a) the issuing judicial authority in the member state, or

(b) the authority in the member state that the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union has, in accordance with Article 2 of the 2005 Framework Decision, been informed is to be the competent authority in that member state;

"executing state", in relation to a financial penalty order, means the member state to which the order is transmitted for enforcement;

"external financial penalty order" means a financial penalty order that is made by an issuing judicial authority in an issuing state;

"financial penalty", in relation to a defendant, means an obligation for the defendant to pay, further to a conviction for an offence, in an issuing state or the State—

(a) a fine, costs or any other sum of money to the issuing state or the State, as the case may be,

(b) a sum as compensation for the benefit of a victim of the offence, or

"financial penalty order", means an order of—

(a) a court in the State imposing a financial penalty, or

(b) an issuing judicial authority in an issuing state imposing a financial penalty that is enforceable under the law of that state;

"issuing judicial authority", in relation to an external financial penalty order, means a judicial authority in an issuing state, as defined in the law of that state, which makes, validates or in any way confirms the external financial penalty order;

"issuing state", in relation to an external financial penalty order, means the member state in which that order was made.]

60B. F61[Request for execution of financial penalty order in member state

60B.— (1) If a financial penalty order relates to a defendant who has property or income, or is normally resident, in a member state, the registrar or clerk of the court concerned shall, on request of the prosecuting authority and subject to any conditions that may be specified by rules of court, give to the Central Authority—

(a) a duly authenticated copy of the order, and

(b) a certificate signed by the registrar or clerk and stating that the prescribed time for lodging an appeal has expired or, as the case may be, will expire on a specified date.

(2) If the financial penalty which is the subject of the financial penalty order has not been paid in whole or in part, the Central Authority may transmit to the competent authority in the member state concerned—

(a) the documents mentioned in subsection (1),

(b) a certificate, and

(3) Where the Central Authority makes a request under subsection (2) —

(a) if all or part of the financial penalty order has not been executed in the State or in another member state, stating the amount paid and requesting that the amount to be paid in the member state concerned not exceed the difference between the amount specified in the financial penalty order and the amount paid, and

(b) if the defendant has made any voluntary payment in respect of the financial penalty order after it was transmitted, stating the amount of that voluntary payment and requesting that the amount to be paid to the member state concerned not exceed the difference between the amount specified in the financial penalty order and the amount paid voluntarily, and

(4) If—

(a) an amount is paid to the member state concerned in pursuance of a request under subsection (2), and

(b) the amount paid is less than, or equal to, the amount ordered to be paid under the financial penalty order,

the amount so ordered under the financial penalty order is deemed to be reduced by an amount equal to the amount paid or, as the case may be, the financial penalty order is deemed to be discharged.

(5) In any proceedings a certificate purporting to be issued by a competent authority in a member state and stating—

(a) the amount of any payment made to the member state pursuant to the request, and

(b) the date of that payment,

is admissible, without further proof, as evidence of those matters.

(6) Transmission of documents referred to in subsections (2) and (3) shall be by any means capable of producing a written record under conditions which allow the competent authority concerned to establish the documents’ authenticity.]

60C. F62[Transmission to State of external financial penalty order

60C.— (1) An external financial penalty order may be transmitted by the competent authority of an issuing state to the Central Authority with a request for its execution.

(2) The external financial penalty order shall be accompanied by—

(a) a certificate signed and certified as accurate by the competent authority in the issuing state and any supporting documentation, and

(b) any required translations,

and shall include any further information required by the 2005 Framework Decision.

(3) Transmission of the documents referred to in subsections (1) and (2) shall be by any means capable of producing a written record under conditions which allow the Central Authority or the appropriate court to establish the documents’ authenticity.

(4) Subsection (3) is deemed to have been complied with if facsimile copies of those documents and any translation thereof are transmitted in compliance with any regulations that may be made under subsection (6).

(5) If the Central Authority or the appropriate court is not satisfied that a facsimile copy of a document transmitted in accordance with this section corresponds to the document of which it purports to be such a copy, the Central Authority or the appropriate court shall—

(a) request the competent authority in the issuing state to cause the original or a copy of the document to be transmitted to the Central Authority, and

(b) agree with that competent authority regarding the manner in which the original or copy is to be so transmitted.

(6) The Minister may, if he or she considers it necessary for the purposes of ensuring the accuracy of documents transmitted in accordance with this section, make regulations—

(a) prescribing procedures to be followed in connection with the transmission of documents in accordance with this section, and

(b) specifying features to be present in any equipment being used in that connection.]

60D. F63[External financial penalty orders

60D.— (1) Where the Central Authority receives an external financial penalty order that has been transmitted by a competent authority in an issuing state, it shall proceed to the execution of that order as though it were an order of an appropriate court.

(2) Where the Central Authority considers that there are grounds for refusal, variation or termination of the execution of an external financial penalty order transmitted to it in accordance with the 2005 Framework Decision, the Central Authority shall cause an application to be made to the appropriate court for an order under section 60E, 60F or 60G.

(3) Where the Central Authority proceeds to execute an external financial penalty order that has been transmitted by a competent authority in an issuing state, the Fines (Payment and Recovery) Act 2014 shall apply to the execution of that financial penalty order as though it were an order of an appropriate court.

(4) Where a sum of money payable or remaining to be paid under an external financial penalty order is expressed in a currency other than euro, the external financial penalty order shall require payment of an equivalent euro amount, calculated at the baseline rate of exchange prevailing between that currency and the euro on the date of the making of the external financial penalty order.]

60E. F64[Refusal to execute external financial penalty order

60E.— (1) On application made under section 60D(2) and without prejudice to section 3, the appropriate court shall make an order refusing the execution of an external financial penalty order made by an issuing judicial authority if—

(a) a financial penalty order has been made in the State against the defendant in respect of the conduct which resulted in the making of the external financial penalty order,

(b) a financial penalty order has been made in a state other than the issuing state or the State, in respect of the conduct which resulted in the making of the external financial penalty order, and has been executed,

(d) the execution of the financial penalty order is statute barred in the State,

(e) the criminal conduct concerned was either committed outside the territory of the issuing state concerned or committed wholly or partly in the State,

(f) there is immunity or privilege under the law of the State which makes it impossible to execute the external financial penalty order,

(g) the defendant could not have been convicted in the State of an offence in respect of the conduct which resulted in the making of the external financial penalty order because of his or her age,

(h) the defendant did not appear in person at the proceedings resulting in the external financial penalty order, unless the certificate from the issuing judicial authority states that—

(i) he or she was summonsed to attend in person the proceedings, or he or she was otherwise made aware, by official notification, of the time when, and the place at which, those proceedings were to take place, and he or she was informed that an external financial penalty order could be made even if he or she did not appear,

(ii) he or she was aware of the proceedings concerned and was represented at those proceedings by a lawyer whom he or she appointed,

(iii) after having been served with the external financial penalty order and expressly informed of his or her right to a retrial or an appeal at which he or she would have been able to participate (and which would have been an examination of the case on its merits, including the possibility of adducing fresh evidence), and which could have led to a reversal of the original decision, he or she—

(I) expressly stated that he or she did not contest the external financial penalty order, or

(II) did not request the retrial or appeal within the time limit for exercising that right,

(iv) where he or she was not personally served with the external financial penalty order, an undertaking has been given by the issuing state concerned that he or she will be personally served with the external financial penalty order without delay and will be expressly informed of his or her right to a retrial or an appeal in which he or she will be able to participate (and which will be an examination of the case on its merits, including the possibility of adducing fresh evidence), and which could lead to a reversal of the order, and of the time limit for exercising that right,

(i) the amount of the financial penalty the subject of the external financial penalty order is less than €70.

(2) If the certificate did not accompany the external financial penalty order, or is incomplete or manifestly does not correspond to the external financial penalty order, the appropriate court—

(a) may permit the certificate, or a completed or corrected certificate, to be produced by or on behalf of the court concerned in accordance with a specified deadline, or

(b) may refuse to execute the external financial penalty order, unless it is satisfied, by the production of an equivalent document or otherwise, that the information provided by or on behalf of the court concerned is sufficient.]

60F. F65[Variation of amount payable under external financial penalty order

60F.— On application made under section 60D(2) and without prejudice to section 3, the appropriate court may make an order—

(a) where that court is satisfied that, had the conduct which was the subject of the conviction on which that external financial penalty order was made been carried out in the State, the maximum amount of a penalty that could have been imposed was less than the sum mentioned in that order, reducing the amount that the defendant is to pay to that maximum amount,

(b) where the court is satisfied that there has been partial payment of the sum mentioned in the external financial penalty order, reducing the amount that the defendant is to pay to the difference between the sum mentioned in the order and the amount already paid, or

(c) where the court is satisfied that, in all the circumstances, the defendant should be excused from paying all or part of the sum mentioned in the external financial penalty order, ordering that the amount be so reduced.]

60G. F66[Termination of execution of external financial penalty order

60G.— Where an external financial penalty order has been transmitted to the Central Authority for execution in the State, the execution of the external financial penalty order shall terminate as soon as may be after the Central Authority is informed by the competent authority of the issuing state concerned that that external financial penalty order has ceased to be enforceable or has been withdrawn by that issuing state or where the court is satisfied on an application made under section 60D(2) that, in all the circumstances, the defendant should be excused from paying all or part of the sum mentioned in the external financial penalty order, ordering that the amount be so reduced.]

60H. F67[Central Authority to inform competent authority

60H.— The Central Authority shall inform, by any means capable of producing a written record, the competent authority in the issuing state that transmitted an external financial penalty order of the following:

(a) the Central Authority has received the external financial penalty order, as soon as may be after the Central Authority receives it;

(b) an order refusing the execution of the financial penalty order under section 60E, or reducing the amount to be paid on foot of it under section 60F, has been made, as soon as may be after it is made;

(c) an order terminating the execution of the external financial penalty order has been made, as soon as may be after it is made;

(d) the execution of the external financial penalty order is complete, as soon as may be after it is complete; or

(e) imprisonment or another alternative sanction has been imposed by a court in the State on the defendant in accordance with Article 10 of the 2005 Framework Decision, as soon as may be after it is imposed.]

60I. F68[Amounts to accrue to Exchequer

60I.— An amount paid on foot of an external financial penalty order shall be paid into or disposed of for the benefit of the Exchequer in such manner as the Minister for Finance may direct, unless an agreement is made between the Central Authority and the competent authority in the issuing state concerned that all or part of that amount will be paid to that issuing state.]

PART 5 Provision of Evidence

Chapter 1 Interpretation

61. Interpretation (Part 5).

61.— In this Part—

“evidence” does not include information provided under Part 2 in relation to financial transactions;

“place” includes premises;

“witness” includes an expert witness and a person suspected of the offence which has given rise to the request concerned.

Chapter 2 Taking of Evidence

62. Evidence from person in designated state.

62.— (1) Where it appears to a judge at a sitting of any court that criminal proceedings have been instituted or a criminal investigation is taking place in the State, the judge may issue a letter (a “letter of request”) requesting assistance in obtaining from a person in a designated state such evidence as is specified in the letter for use in the proceedings or investigation.

(2) Application for a letter of request may be made by the Director of Public Prosecutions or a person charged in any such proceedings that have been instituted.

(3) The letter of request shall be sent to the Central Authority for transmission to the appropriate authority.

(4) Notwithstanding subsections (1) to (3), where proceedings in respect of an offence have been instituted or a criminal investigation is taking place, the Director of Public Prosecutions may issue and transmit a letter of request directly to the appropriate authority.

(5) The letter of request shall include—

(a) a statement that the evidence is required for the purpose of criminal proceedings or a criminal investigation,

(b) a brief description of the conduct constituting the offence concerned, and

(6) Evidence obtained by virtue of this section shall not, without the consent of the appropriate authority, be used for any purpose other than that permitted by the relevant international instrument or specified in the letter of request.

(7) When any such evidence is no longer required for that purpose (or for any other purpose for which such consent has been obtained), it shall be returned to the appropriate authority unless the authority indicates that it need not be returned.

(8) A statement of the evidence of a witness—

(a) taken in accordance with a letter of request, and

(b) certified by or on behalf of the court, tribunal or authority by which it was taken to be an accurate statement of the evidence,

is admissible, without further proof, in proceedings relating to the offence concerned as evidence of any fact stated therein of which oral evidence would be so admissible.

(9) A court, when considering whether any evidence taken from a person pursuant to a letter of request should be excluded in the exercise of its discretion to exclude evidence otherwise admissible, shall, where appropriate, have regard to—

(a) whether the law of the state concerned allowed the person and any other party concerned, when the evidence was being taken, to be legally represented and cross-examined, and

(b) any other respects in which the taking of the evidence may have differed from the taking of comparable evidence in the State.

(10) Nothing in this section prevents the Director of Public Prosecutions from issuing a letter of request for assistance in obtaining a statement of evidence or taking possession of material evidence in a designated state for the purposes of criminal proceedings or a criminal investigation where the witness or witnesses concerned will give evidence in those proceedings or any proceedings that may be instituted after the investigation.

(11) In this section, “appropriate authority”, in relation to the place where the evidence is to be obtained, means—

(a) a court or tribunal specified in the letter of request and exercising jurisdiction in that place, or

(b) any other authority recognised by the government of the state concerned as the appropriate authority for receiving the letter.

63. Evidence for use in designated state.

63.— (1) This section applies, subject to section 64, in relation to a request for assistance in obtaining evidence in the State from a person (in this section referred to as a “witness”) for the purpose of criminal proceedings, or a criminal investigation, in a designated state.

(2) On receipt of such a request the Minister, if of opinion that this section applies in relation to it, may, subject to subsection (3)—

(a) request the President of the District Court to nominate a judge of that Court to receive the evidence to which the request relates, and

(b) send the judge a copy of the request and of any accompanying or related documents.

(3) The Minister shall not exercise the power conferred by subsection (2) unless an assurance is given by the requesting authority that any evidence that may be supplied in response to the request will not, without the consent of the nominated judge or the witness, be used for any purpose other than that permitted by the relevant international instrument or specified in the letter of request.

(4) For the purposes of this section the nominated judge—

(a) has the powers of the District Court in criminal proceedings, including its powers—

(i) in relation to securing the attendance of witnesses, the production of documents or other articles, taking evidence on oath, compelling witnesses to give evidence or to produce documents or other things and the conduct generally of the proceedings for the taking of evidence, and

(ii) under any enactment or rule of law relating to the protection of witnesses against intimidation,

(b) may direct that the evidence, or any part of it, be received otherwise than in public if of opinion that such a direction is necessary to protect—

(i) the witness or other person, or

(ii) confidential or sensitive information, and

(5) The evidence may be given through a live television link in any case where it may be so given in proceedings under any enactment.

(6) Any person who is summoned to give evidence and who, without reasonable excuse, does not answer any question or comply with a requirement to produce any document or other thing is guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding €2,500 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or both.

(7) The Bankers’ Books Evidence Act 1879 applies to proceedings under this section as it applies to other proceedings before a court.

(8) No order for costs may be made in the proceedings.

64. Privilege of witnesses.

64.— (1) A person is not compelled to give any evidence in proceedings under section 63 which he or she could not be compelled to give—

(a) in criminal proceedings in the State, or

(b) subject to subsection (2), in criminal proceedings in the state concerned.

(2) Subsection (1)(b) does not apply unless the claim of the person to be exempt from giving the evidence is conceded by the requesting authority.

(3) Where the claim is not conceded, the person may (subject to the other provisions of this section) be required to give the evidence to which the claim relates, but the evidence shall not be transmitted to the requesting authority if a court in the state concerned, on the matter being referred to it, upholds the claim.

(4) Without prejudice to subsection (1), a person may not be compelled under this section to give any evidence—

(a) in his or her capacity as an officer or servant of the State, or

(b) if to do so would be prejudicial to the security of the State.

(5) In any proceedings referred to in subsection (1) a certificate purporting to be signed by or on behalf of the Minister to the effect that it would be prejudicial to the security of the State for a person to give any evidence is admissible, without further proof, as evidence of that fact.

(6) In this section references to giving evidence include references to answering any question and to producing any document or other thing, and the reference in subsection (3) to the transmission of evidence given by a person is to be construed accordingly.

Evidence of prisoners

65. Transfer of prisoner to give evidence or assist criminal investigation in State.

65.— (1) In this section, “prisoner” means a person who is detained in custody in a designated state—

(a) under a sentence or order of a court exercising criminal jurisdiction in that state, or

(b) having been transferred there from the State under section 5 (issue of warrants for the transfer of sentenced prisoners outside State) of the Transfer of Sentenced Prisoners Act 1995 F69[or under section 22 (transfer warrant for removal of sentenced person from State) of the Criminal Justice (Mutual Recognition of Custodial Sentences) Act 2023].

(2) Where—

(a) a witness order has been made or a witness summons issued in criminal proceedings in respect of a prisoner, or

(b) it appears to the Minister that it is desirable for a prisoner to be identified in, or otherwise to assist by his or her presence, such proceedings or a criminal investigation,

the Minister, at the request of the Director of Public Prosecutions or a person charged in any such proceedings, may issue a warrant providing for the prisoner to be transferred to the State.

(3) A warrant shall not be issued unless the appropriate authority in the designated state concerned provides a written statement by the prisoner consenting to be transferred for that purpose.

(4) A warrant issued under this section shall be transmitted by the Central Authority to the authority in the designated state that appears to the Central Authority to be the appropriate authority for receiving it, together with a request for the transfer of the prisoner to the State.

(5) The warrant is authority for—

(a) bringing the prisoner to the State,

(b) taking the prisoner to, and detaining him or her in, a prison,

(d) returning the prisoner in custody to the designated state.

(6) A prisoner is deemed to be in lawful custody while in the State.

(7) A prisoner who escapes from custody or is unlawfully at large may be arrested without warrant by a member of the Garda Síochána and taken in custody to a prison.

(8) A person (other than a member of the Garda Síochána) who is authorised to have custody of a prisoner by or for the purposes of a warrant under this section is deemed to be such a member for the purposes of this section.

(9) The law relating to—

(a) the control of entry into the State of non-nationals (within the meaning of the Immigration Act 1999),

(b) the duration and conditions of their stay in the State,

(d) their removal from the State,

does not apply in relation to a prisoner who is a non-national while he or she is present in the State in pursuance of a warrant under this section but, if the warrant ceases to have effect while the prisoner is so present, that law shall thereupon apply, with any necessary modifications, in relation to him or her.

(10) A prisoner while in the State pursuant to the warrant may not be proceeded against, sentenced, detained or subjected to any other restriction on his or her personal freedom in respect of any offence committed before arriving in the State.

66. Transfer of prisoner to give evidence or assist investigation outside State.

66.— (1) The Minister may, on receipt of a request in that behalf, issue a warrant for the transfer of a person serving a sentence of imprisonment in a prison (a “prisoner”) to a designated state for the purpose of—

(a) giving evidence in criminal proceedings, or assisting in a criminal investigation, in that state, or

(b) being identified in, or otherwise assisting by his or her presence, such proceedings or investigation.

(2) A warrant may be issued only if the prisoner has made a written statement consenting to his or her being transferred for that purpose.

(3) Where, by reason of the prisoner’s youth or physical or mental condition, it appears to the Minister inappropriate for the prisoner to act for himself or herself, the consent shall be given by a person appearing to the Minister to be an appropriate person to act on the prisoner’s behalf.

(4) A warrant is authority for—

(a) taking the prisoner from the prison and delivering him or her into the custody of a person representing the requesting authority concerned at a place of departure from the State,

(b) detaining the prisoner in the designated state, and

(5) A warrant may not be issued unless an assurance is given by the requesting authority that the prisoner will not be proceeded against, sentenced, detained or subjected to any other restriction on his or her personal freedom in respect of any offence under the law of the designated state committed before the prisoner’s departure from the State.

(6) The period spent in custody under the warrant is included in the period of imprisonment or detention to be served by the prisoner in the State.

(7) A prisoner is deemed to be in lawful custody when being taken from or to a prison under the warrant.

(8) A prisoner who escapes from custody or is unlawfully at large may be arrested without warrant by a member of the Garda Síochána and taken in custody to a prison.

(9) A person (other than a member of the Garda Síochána) who is authorised to have custody of a prisoner by or for the purposes of a warrant under this section is deemed to be such a member for the purposes of this section.

Evidence through television link

67. Evidence through television link for use in State.

67.— (1) This section applies where—

(a) criminal proceedings have been instituted in the State against a person,

(b) a witness in the proceedings is in a designated state, and

(2) Where this section applies, an application may be made by or on behalf of the Director of Public Prosecutions or the accused to a judge of the court of trial at a sitting of the court to issue a letter (a “letter of request”) requesting the provision of facilities in the designated state concerned to enable the witness to give evidence in the proceedings through a live television link.

(3) The judge may grant the application if satisfied that it is not desirable or F70[practicable] for the witness to give evidence in person.

(4) The letter of request shall be accompanied by a document signed by the judge and stating—

(a) the name, address and, if known, the nationality of the witness,

(b) the court which is to hear the evidence,

(d) why it is not desirable or F70[practicable] for the witness to give evidence in person, and

(e) the likely date of the hearing.

(5) The request shall be sent to the Central Authority for transmission—

(a) in urgent cases, to the court or tribunal specified in the request, or

(b) in any other case, to any authority recognised by the state concerned as the appropriate authority for receiving such requests.

(6) If the name of the judge conducting the hearing is not available at the time the letter of request is issued, it shall be sent to the Central Authority for such transmission as soon as it becomes available.

(7) The accused shall be given an opportunity to cross-examine and re-examine the witness at the hearing.

(8) Evidence given through the live television link at the hearing shall be videorecorded.

(9) The videorecording of the evidence or, if the accused consents, an edited version of it, is admissible at the trial of the offence as evidence of any fact of which direct oral evidence would be admissible, unless the trial judge is of the opinion that to do so would not be in the interests of justice.

(10) The provisions of the relevant international instrument concerning a hearing through a live television link, in so far as they relate to a requesting state and are not incorporated in this section, have effect in the State, with the necessary modifications, in relation to a hearing under this section.

(11) A witness who makes a statement which is material in the proceedings and which he or she knows to be false or does not believe to be true is guilty of an offence and liable—

(a) on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding €2,500 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or both, or

(b) on conviction on indictment, to a fine not exceeding €10,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or both.

(12) Proceedings for an offence under subsection (11) may be taken, and the offence may for all incidental purposes be treated as having been committed, in any place in the State.

(13) In this section “videorecording” means any recording, on any medium, from which a moving image may be produced and includes the accompanying soundtrack, and cognate words shall be construed accordingly.

68. Request for evidence through television link for use outside State.

68.— (1) This section applies to a request for a witness who is present in the State to give evidence through a television link in criminal proceedings before a court or tribunal in a designated state.

(2) The request shall include the following information:

(a) the name, address and, if known, the nationality of the witness;

(b) the court or authority making the request;

(d) a statement as to why it is not desirable or F71[practicable] for the witness to give evidence in person;

(e) the likely date of the hearing.

69. Action on request.

69.— The Minister, if of opinion—

(a) that it is not desirable or F72[practicable] for the witness to give evidence in person in the state concerned, and

(b) that the request complies with section 68,

may request the President of the District Court to nominate a judge of that Court to summon the witness to attend at a suitable venue within the judge’s district for the purpose of giving effect to the request.

70. Taking of the evidence.

70.— (1) The nominated judge of the District Court shall summon the witness concerned to give evidence through a live television link at a suitable venue within the district to which the judge is assigned.

(2) For the purpose of ensuring compliance with the request the nominated judge has the powers of the District Court in criminal proceedings, including its powers—

(a) in relation to securing the attendance of the witness, taking evidence on oath and compelling the witness to give evidence or to produce documents or other things, and

(b) under any enactment or rule of law relating to the protection of witnesses against intimidation.

(3) The evidence shall be given in accordance with the laws and procedures of the requesting state to the extent that they do not contravene the fundamental principles of the law of the State.

(4) In particular, the witness may not be compelled to give any evidence which he or she could not be compelled to give in criminal proceedings in the State or the designated state.

(5) Where necessary for the protection of the witness and in agreement with the requesting authority, the evidence may be taken otherwise than in public.

(6) Subject to subsection (7), the proceedings shall be conducted directly by, or under the direction of, a judge of the designated state in accordance with its own laws.

(7) Where the nominated judge is of opinion that the taking of evidence is not in accordance with the fundamental principles of the law of the State, he or she shall take immediate action to ensure that those principles are complied with.

(8) The nominated judge and the witness shall be assisted by an interpreter, where necessary.

(9) When the evidence has been taken, the nominated judge shall send a record of the evidence given by the witness to the Minister for transmission to the requesting authority, indicating—

(a) the date and place of the taking of the evidence,

(b) the name of the witness,

(d) whether an oath was administered to the witness, and

(e) the technical conditions under which the proceedings took place.

(10) A witness who—

(a) makes a statement material in the proceedings which he or she knows to be false or does not believe to be true, or

(b) does not testify when under an obligation to do so,

is guilty of an offence and liable—

(i) on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding €2,500 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or both, or

(ii) on conviction on indictment, to a fine not exceeding €10,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or both.

Evidence by telephone link for use outside State

71. Request for evidence by telephone link.

71.— (1) This section applies to a request for a witness who is present in the State to give evidence by telephone link in criminal proceedings before a court or tribunal in a designated state.

(2) The request shall include the following information:

(a) the name, address and, if known, the nationality of the witness;

(b) the court or tribunal which is to hear the evidence;

(d) a statement that the witness is willing to give evidence by telephone link in the proceedings;

(e) the likely date of the hearing.

72. Taking of evidence.

72.— (1) The Minister, if of opinion that the witness is willing to give evidence by telephone link in the proceedings concerned, may request the President of the District Court to nominate a judge of that Court to summon the witness to attend at a suitable venue within the judge’s district for the purpose of giving effect to the request.

(2) Before the evidence is taken, the witness shall be asked to confirm that he or she is willing to give the evidence by telephone link.

(3) Section 70 applies in relation to taking evidence under this section by telephone link as it applies in relation to taking evidence under that section by television link.

Search for evidence

73. Search for evidence at place in designated state.

73.— (1) Where it appears to a judge at a sitting of any court that—

(a) criminal proceedings have been instituted or a criminal investigation is taking place, and

(b) evidence for the purposes of the proceedings or investigation may be obtained at a place in a designated state,

the judge may, in accordance with the relevant international instrument, issue a letter (a “letter of request”) requesting assistance in obtaining the evidence.

(2) Application for a letter of request may be made by the Director of Public Prosecutions or a person charged in any such proceedings that have been instituted.

(3) The letter of request shall be sent to—

(a) the Central Authority for transmission to the appropriate authority, or

(b) in urgent cases, directly to that authority.

(4) Notwithstanding subsections (1) to (3), where proceedings for an offence have been instituted or an offence is being investigated, the Director of Public Prosecutions may issue and transmit a letter of request directly to the appropriate authority.

(5) The letter of request shall include—

(a) a statement that the evidence is required for the purpose of criminal proceedings or a criminal investigation and will be returned to the appropriate authority when no longer required for that purpose, unless the authority indicates otherwise,

(b) information relating to the nature and location of the evidence concerned,

(d) any other available information that may assist the appropriate authority in complying with the letter of request.

(6) Evidence obtained by virtue of this section shall not, without the consent of the appropriate authority, be used for any purpose other than that permitted by the relevant international instrument or specified in the letter of request.

(7) When any such evidence is no longer required for that purpose (or for any other purpose for which such consent has been obtained), it shall be returned to the appropriate authority unless the authority indicates that it need not be returned.

(8) In any proceedings relating to the offence—

(a) evidence (other than documentary evidence) which purports—

(i) to have been obtained as a result of a request under this section, and

(ii) to be certified by or on behalf of the appropriate authority to be such evidence,

is admissible without further proof, and

(b) documentary evidence which purports—

(i) to have been so obtained, and

(ii) to be so certified,

is admissible, without further proof, as evidence of any fact stated in it of which oral evidence would be admissible.

(9) In this section, “appropriate authority” means—

(a) a court or tribunal exercising criminal jurisdiction in the place in a designated state where the evidence referred to in the letter of request is to be obtained, or

(b) any other body or authority recognised by the government of that state as the appropriate authority for receiving the letter.

74. Search for evidence for use outside State (general).

74.— (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), this section applies to a request for assistance in obtaining evidence for the purposes of criminal proceedings, or a criminal investigation, in a designated state, where there is power under any enactment to issue a warrant for the search of a place in respect of an offence constituted by the conduct giving rise to the request.

(2) This section does not apply to such a request from a member state unless the act is punishable—

(a) under the law of the State and the member state by imprisonment for a maximum period of at least 6 months, or

(b) under the law of the State by such imprisonment and under the law of the member state by virtue of being an infringement of the rules of law which is being prosecuted by the administrative authorities and where the decision may give rise to proceedings before a court having jurisdiction in particular in criminal matters.

(3) This section does not apply to such a request from a designated state (other than a member state) unless the conduct giving rise to the request is punishable under both the law of the State and the law of that state.

(4) The Minister, if of opinion that this section applies to the request, may, subject to subsection (5), send the request and any accompanying and related documents to the Commissioner of the Garda Síochána to arrange for the request to be complied with.

(5) In the case of a request from a designated state, the Minister may not proceed in accordance with subsection (4) unless an assurance is given by the requesting authority—

(a) that any evidence that may be supplied in response to the request will not, without the Minister’s prior consent, be used for any purpose other than that permitted by the relevant international instrument or specified in the request, and

(b) that the evidence will be returned when no longer required for the purpose so specified (or any other purpose for which such consent has been obtained), unless the Minister indicates that its return is not required.

(6) A member of the Garda Síochána shall not enter any place in furtherance of the request without the consent of the occupier or the entry being authorised by a warrant under this section.

(7) Unless the evidence sought is already in the possession of the Garda Síochána, a member of the Garda Síochána not below the rank of inspector shall, on production of a copy of the request and of any accompanying or related documents, apply to the judge of the District Court for the district where the place concerned is situated for a warrant under subsection (8).

(8) If, on the application, the judge is satisfied that this section applies to the request and it appears to him or her that there are reasonable grounds for believing that entry to any place is necessary for the purposes of complying with it, the judge may issue a warrant for the search of the place and any persons found there.

(9) The warrant shall be expressed and operate to authorise a named member of the Garda Síochána, accompanied by such other members or persons or both as the member thinks necessary—

(a) to enter the place named in the warrant at any time or times within one week of the date of its issue, on production, if so requested, of the warrant and, if necessary, by the use of reasonable force,

(b) to search it and any person found there,

(c) to access, examine, seize, take away and retain any material found there, or in the possession of a person present there at the time of the search—

(i) which the member reasonably believes to be evidence of, or relating to, the commission of the offence concerned or assets or proceeds deriving from criminal conduct in the designated state or their identity or whereabouts, or

(ii) whose retention is necessary to comply with the request,

(d) to make a copy of any document so seized and to take the copy away, and

(e) to take such other steps as appear to the member to be necessary for preserving any such material and preventing interference with it.

(10) Where material referred to in subsection (9) consists of or includes information in non-legible form, the warrant has effect as an order to produce the material, or to give access to it, in a form which is legible and in which it can be taken away.

(11) The warrant—

(a) does not confer any right to examine, seize, take away or retain documents which are subject to legal privilege or to have them produced or to be given access to them, and

(b) subject to paragraph (a) and subsection (14), has effect notwithstanding any other obligation as to secrecy or other restriction on the disclosure of information under any enactment or rule of law.

(12) A member acting under the warrant may—

(a) require any person present at the place where the search is being carried out to give his or her name and address to the member, and

(b) arrest without warrant any person who—

(i) obstructs or attempts to obstruct the member in carrying out his or her duties,

(ii) does not comply with a requirement under paragraph (a), or

(iii) gives a name or address which the member has reasonable cause for believing is false or misleading.

F73[(12A) Where the evidence sought is already in the possession of the Garda Síochána, or where material referred to in subsection (9) is obtained on foot of a warrant under this section, the Commissioner of the Garda Síochána shall arrange for the evidence to be transmitted, to the requesting authority—

(a) without delay,

(b) in accordance with the request, and

F73[(12B) Any evidential material taken away by a member of the Garda Síochána under this section may be dealt with in accordance with the request.]

(13) A person who—

(a) obstructs or attempts to obstruct a member acting under the authority of a warrant under this section,

(b) does not comply with a requirement under subsection (12)(a), or

is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding €2,500 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or both.

(14) Where—

(a) material has been supplied to a Government department or other authority by or on behalf of the government of another state, and

(b) an undertaking was given that the material would be used only for a particular purpose or purposes,

an order under this section does not have the effect of requiring or permitting the production of, or the giving of access to, the material for any other purpose without the consent of that government.

(15) The power to issue a warrant under this section is without prejudice to any other power conferred by statute to issue a warrant for the search of any place or person.

(16) In this section—

“evidence” includes evidence of or relating to assets or proceeds deriving from criminal conduct in the designated state concerned or their identity or whereabouts;

“member state” includes the Swiss Confederation.

75. Search for particular evidence for use outside State.

75.— (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), this section applies to a request for assistance in obtaining specified evidential material or evidential material of a specified description for the purposes of criminal proceedings, or a criminal investigation, in a designated state, where there is power under any enactment to issue a warrant for the search of a place in respect of an offence constituted by the conduct giving rise to the request.

(2) This section does not apply to such a request from a member state unless the act is punishable—

(a) under the law of the State and the member state by imprisonment for a maximum period of at least 6 months, or

(b) under the law of the State by such imprisonment and under the law of the member state by virtue of being an infringement of the rules of law which is being prosecuted by the administrative authorities and where the decision may give rise to proceedings before a court having jurisdiction in particular in criminal matters.

(3) This section does not apply to such a request from a designated state (other than a member state) unless the conduct giving rise to the request is punishable under both the law of the State and the law of that state.

(4) This section also applies to such a request from a member state which is made in connection with a request under Part 4 for the freezing of evidence in proceedings for an offence which may be punished in that state by imprisonment for a term of not less than 3 years.

(5) The Minister, if of opinion that this section applies to the request, may, subject to subsection (6), send the request and any accompanying and related documents to the Commissioner of the Garda Síochána to arrange for the request to be complied with.

(6) The Minister shall not proceed in accordance with subsection (5) unless an assurance is given by the requesting authority—

(a) that any material that may be furnished in response to the request will not, without his or her prior consent, be used for any purpose other than that permitted by the relevant international instrument or specified in the request, and

(b) that the material will be returned when no longer required for the purpose so specified (or any other purpose for which such consent has been obtained), unless he or she indicates that its return is not required.

(7) A member of the Garda Síochána shall not enter any place in furtherance of the request without the consent of the occupier or the entry being authorised by an order under this section.

(8) Unless the material sought is already in the custody of the Garda Síochána, a member of the Garda Síochána not below the rank of inspector shall, on production of a copy of the request and of any accompanying or related documents, apply to the judge of the District Court for the district where the evidential material is situated for an order under subsection (10).

F74[(8A) Where the material sought is already in the custody of the Garda Síochána or has been obtained on foot of an order under subsection (10), the Commissioner of the Garda Síochána shall arrange for the material to be transmitted to the requesting authority—

(a) without delay,

(b) in accordance with the request, and

(9) If, on the application, the judge is satisfied that this section applies to the request and it appears to him or her that there are reasonable grounds for believing that the person named in the request possesses the evidential material, the judge may make an order under subsection (10).

(10) An order under this subsection—

(a) shall require any person who appears to the judge to be in possession of the evidential material—

(i) to produce it to a named member of the Garda Síochána so that he or she may take it away, or

(ii) to give the member access to it, either immediately or within a period specified in the order,

(b) may, if the order relates to evidential material at any place and on application by a member of the Garda Síochána, require any person who appears to the judge to be entitled to grant entry to the place to allow the member to enter it to obtain access to the material,

(i) to enter the place, accompanied by such other members or persons or both as the member thinks necessary, on production if so requested of the order and, if necessary, by the use of reasonable force,

(ii) to search the place and any persons present there,

(iii) to access, examine, seize, take away and retain any evidential material which is found at the place or in the possession of a person so present and which the member reasonably believes to be the material concerned, and

(iv) to take such other steps as appear to the member to be necessary for preserving the evidential material and preventing interference with it.

(11) Where the evidential material consists of information contained in a computer, an order under this section has effect as an order to produce the material, or to give access to it, in a form which is legible and comprehensible or can be made so and in which it can be taken away.

(12) Such an order—

(a) in so far as it may empower a member of the Garda Síochána to take away a document or to be given access to it, authorises him or her to make a copy of it and to take the copy away,

(b) does not confer any right to production of, or access to, any evidential material subject to legal privilege, and

(c) subject to paragraph (b) and subsection (17), has effect notwithstanding any other obligation as to secrecy or other restriction on disclosure of information imposed by statute or otherwise.

(13) Any evidential material taken away by a member of the Garda Síochána under this section shall be dealt with in accordance with the request.

(14) A judge of the District Court may at a sitting of the Court vary or discharge an order under this section on the application of a member of the Garda Síochána or of any person to whom the order relates.

(15) A member searching a place under the authority of an order under subsection (10) may—

(a) require any person present at the place where the search is being carried out to give his or her name and address to the member, and

(b) arrest without warrant any person who—

(i) obstructs or attempts to obstruct the member in carrying out his or her duties,

(ii) fails to comply with a requirement under paragraph (a), or

(iii) gives a name or address which the member has reasonable cause for believing is false or misleading.

(16) A person who—

(a) obstructs or attempts to obstruct a member of the Garda Síochána acting under the authority of an order under this section,

(b) fails to comply with a requirement in an order under this section, or

is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding €2,500 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or both.

(17) Where—

(a) material has been supplied to a Government department or other authority by or on behalf of the government of another state,

(b) an undertaking was given that the material would be used only for a particular purpose or purposes,

(18) This section is without prejudice to section 74.

(19) In this section—

“evidential material” includes any such material relating to assets or proceeds deriving from criminal conduct in the designated state concerned or their identity or whereabouts;

“member state” includes the Swiss Confederation.

75A. F75[Powers of officers of Revenue Commissioners

75A.— Where a request under section 74 or 75 is in relation to a revenue offence, the powers of a member of the Garda Síochána may also be exercised by an officer of the Revenue Commissioners authorised by them in writing to exercise the powers conferred by this section, and sections 74 and 75 apply, subject to the following and any other necessary modifications:

(a) a reference to the "Commissioner of the Garda Síochána" shall be read, in relation to such a request, as a reference to the "Revenue Commissioners";

(b) a reference to a "member", in relation to the Garda Síochána, shall be read, in relation to such a request, as including a reference to an "officer of the Revenue Commissionersauthorised by them in writing to exercise the powers conferred by this section";

(c) a reference to evidence being "in the possession of the Garda Síochána" shall be read, in relation to such a request, as including a reference to its being "in the possession of the Revenue Commissioners";

(d) a reference to "a member of the Garda Síochána not below the rank of inspector" shall be read, in relation to such a request, as including a reference to "an officer of the Revenue Commissioners not below the rank of Higher Executive Officer";

(e) a reference to material being "in the custody of the Garda Síochána" shall be read as including a reference to its being "in the custody of the Revenue Commissioners".]

Chapter 3 Identification evidence

76. Definitions (Chapter 3).

76.—F76[(1)] In this Chapter—

F77["Act of 2014" means the Criminal Justice (Forensic Evidence and DNA Database System) Act 2014;]

“bodily sample” means any of the following:

(a) a sample of blood, hair, urine or saliva;

(b) a nail or any material found under a nail;

(d) a footprint or a similar impression of any part of the body, including a dental impression;

F77["child" means a person who has not attained the age of 18 years;

F78["controller" means a controller within the meaning of Part 5 of the Data Protection Act 2018;]

"data controller" has the meaning it has in section 1(1) of the Data Protection Act 1988;]

“dentist” means a person whose name is entered for the time being in the Register of Dentists maintained under the Dentists Act 1985;

F77["DNA" means deoxyribonucleic acid;

"DNA profile", in relation to a person, means information comprising a set of identification characteristics of the non-coding part of DNA derived from an examination and analysis of a bodily sample or DNA sample from the person and that is capable of comparison with similar information derived from an examination and analysis of another sample of biological material for the purpose of determining whether or not that other sample could relate to that person;

"DNA sample", in relation to a person, means a sample of hair other than pubic hair of the person or a swab from the mouth (including the inside of the mouth) of the person;]

“doctor” means a person whose name is entered for the time being in the General Register of Medical Practitioners established under section 26 of the Medical Practitioners Act 1978;

F77["guardian", in relation to a child (including a protected person who is a child), has the meaning it has in the Act of 2014;]

F79["identification evidence", in relation to a person, means—

(a) a fingerprint, palm print or photograph of the person,

(b) a bodily sample from the person or the DNA profile of the person generated from such a sample, or

and includes any related records;]

F77["inadequately labelled" and "insufficient", in relation to a DNA sample, have the meanings they have in the Act of 2014;]

F77["non-coding part of DNA", in relation to a person, means the chromosome regions of the person’s DNA that are not known to provide for any functional properties of the person;]

“nurse” means a person whose name is entered for the time being in the register of nurses established under section 27 of the Nurses Act 1985.

F77["parent", in relation to a protected person or a child, has the meaning it has in the Act of 2014;

"protected person" means, subject to subsection (2), a person (including a child) who, by reason of a mental or physical disability—

(a) lacks the capacity to understand the general nature and effect of the taking of identification evidence from him or her, or

(b) lacks the capacity to indicate (by speech, sign language or any other means of communication) whether or not he or she consents to identification evidence being taken from him or her;

"relevant offence" has the meaning it has in the Act of 2014.]

F80[(2) The reference in the definition of "protected person" in subsection (1) to a mental or physical disability in relation to a person (including a child) shall be construed as not including a reference to the person being under the intoxicating influence of any alcoholic drink, drug, solvent or any other substance or combination of substances.

(3) In the application of this Chapter in relation to a protected person or a child who is married, the references in sections 79 and 79B to a parent or guardian of the person or child, as the case may be, shall be construed as references to his or her spouse.]

77. Identification evidence for use in State.

77.— (1) Where it appears to a judge of any court that—

(a) criminal proceedings have been instituted or a criminal investigation is taking place, and

(b) identification evidence for the purposes of the proceedings or investigation may be obtained from an authority in a designated state,

the judge may issue a letter (a “letter of request”) requesting assistance in obtaining the evidence.

(2) Application for a letter of request may be made by the Director of Public Prosecutions or a person charged in any proceedings that have been instituted.

(3) The letter of request shall be sent to—

(a) the Central Authority for transmission to the appropriate authority, or

(b) in urgent cases, directly to that authority.

(4) Notwithstanding subsections (1) to (3), where proceedings for an offence have been instituted or an offence is being investigated, the Director of Public Prosecutions may issue and transmit a letter of request directly to the appropriate authority.

(5) The letter of request shall include—

(a) a statement that the evidence is required for the purpose of criminal proceedings or a criminal investigation and will be returned to the appropriate authority when no longer required for that purpose, unless the authority indicates otherwise,

(b) a brief description of the conduct constituting the offence concerned, F81[…]

F82[(ba) in the case of a request pursuant to Article 7 of the 2008 Council Decision, or that Article insofar as it is applied by Article 1 of the 2009 Agreement with Iceland and Norway, F83[or, in the case of a request pursuant to Article 532 of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement,] for the DNA profile of a person who is suspected of having committed the offence concerned whose DNA profile is not in the possession of the appropriate authority, a statement issued by the Commissioner of the Garda Síochána or the Director of Public Prosecutions, as may be appropriate, confirming that the requirements for the taking of a DNA sample from the person under the law of the State would be complied with if the person were in the State, and]

(6) Evidence obtained by virtue of this section shall not, without the consent of the appropriate authority, be used for any purpose other than that specified in the letter of request.

(7) When any such evidence is no longer required for that purpose (or for any other purpose for which such consent has been obtained), it shall be returned to the appropriate authority unless the authority indicates that it need not be returned.

(8) In any proceedings a document purporting to be—

(a) a report of the taking of the identification evidence in the designated state and to be signed by, and to state the rank or other qualification of, the person who took the evidence, or

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