Verdrag inzake fatsoenlijk werk in de platformeconomie

The General Conference of the International Labour Organization,

Having been convened in Geneva by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office, and having met at its 114th Session on 1 June 2026,

Recognizing that the nature and the growth of the platform economy, notably of digital labour platforms, are significantly transforming the world of work,

Observing that the platform economy has created opportunities for enterprises and business development, opened new pathways for the formalization of work and generated work and income opportunities,

Recognizing existing decent work deficits in the platform economy,

Observing that when digital labour platforms operate across borders, the clients, workers and platforms may be located in different countries,

Underlining that there are specificities of work via digital labour platforms that make it desirable to adopt specific standards that, together with other international labour standards, will contribute to the full realization of decent work in the platform economy,

Acknowledging the role of digital labour platforms and micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, and the need to support an enabling environment for sustainable enterprises and promotion of fair business competition,

Recognizing the differences among Member States regarding the development of the platform economy, as well as the diversity of business models and work arrangements,

Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals related to decent work in the platform economy, which is the fifth item on the agenda of the session, and having determined that these proposals shall take the form of an international Convention,

adopts this 12 June 2026 the following Convention, which may be cited as the Decent Work in the Platform Economy Convention, 2026:

I. DEFINITIONS

Article 1

For the purposes of this Convention:

• a). the term “digital labour platform” means a legal person or, where applicable under national law, natural person that, through digital technologies, using automated decision-making systems:

• (i). organizes and/or facilitates work performed by persons for remuneration or payment, for the provision of service, upon request of the recipient or requestor;

• (ii). regardless of whether that work is performed online or in a specific geographic location;

• b). the term “digital platform worker” means a person employed or engaged to work:

• (i). for the provision of service organized and/or facilitated by a digital labour platform;

• (ii). for remuneration or payment;

• (iii). regardless of their classification of status in employment;

• c). the term “intermediary” means a legal person or, where applicable under national law, natural person that makes available the work of a digital platform worker:

• (i). through contractual relationships with the digital labour platform and with the digital platform worker; or

• (ii). as part of a subcontracting chain between the digital labour platform and the digital platform worker;

• d). the terms “remuneration” or “payment” mean the amount due under national laws and regulations, collective agreements or contractual obligations, to a digital platform worker, according to their classification of status in employment, in exchange for the work performed. Remuneration does not include any compensation for expenses or other costs incurred by digital platform workers in carrying out their work.

II. SCOPE

Article 2

• a). all digital labour platforms;

• b). all digital platform workers, unless otherwise specified in this Convention, whether they are in the formal or informal economy.

• a). limited categories of digital labour platforms; or

• b). limited categories of digital platform workers.

• a). indicate the limited categories of digital labour platforms or of digital platform workers excluded under paragraph 2 of this Article;

• b). give the reasons for such exclusions and the position of its law and practice in respect of the categories excluded, stating the respective positions of the organizations referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article.

III. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND RIGHTS AT WORK

Article 3

Each Member shall take measures to respect, promote and realize, in the platform economy, the fundamental principles and rights at work, namely:

• a). freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining;

• b). the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour;

• c). the effective abolition of child labour;

• d). the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation;

• e). a safe and healthy working environment.

IV. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

Article 4

• a). the complementary character of such responsibilities;

• b). national conditions and practice and the classification of digital platform workers’ status in employment;

• c). the need to assess occupational risks and take adequate preventive and protective actions.

Article 5

Each Member shall take appropriate measures to ensure that digital platform workers have the right to remove themselves from a work situation which they have reasonable justification to believe presents an imminent and serious danger to their life or health, without suffering undue consequences, and that they shall inform the digital labour platform without delay.

V. VIOLENCE AND HARASSMENT

Article 6

Each Member shall take appropriate measures to effectively protect all digital platform workers against violence and harassment in the world of work, including violence and harassment perpetrated online or involving third parties such as clients and customers.

VI. PROMOTION OF DECENT WORK

Article 7

Each Member shall pursue, in their national policies and according to national circumstances, measures to promote the creation of decent work opportunities and to encourage career and skills development in the platform economy.

Article 8

Each Member shall take appropriate measures to facilitate formalization of work via digital labour platforms, including registration of self-employed workers.

VII. CLASSIFICATION OF DIGITAL PLATFORM WORKERS’ STATUS IN EMPLOYMENT

Article 9

Each Member shall take appropriate measures to ensure the correct classification of digital platform workers in respect of the existence or non-existence of an employment relationship, guided mainly by the facts relating to the performance of work, the remuneration or payment of the digital platform worker, among other elements, and considering the specificities of work via digital labour platforms.

VIII. REMUNERATION OR PAYMENT

Article 10

• a). receive remuneration, the amount of which, excluding any tips or other gratuities, is in no case lower than the applicable statutory or negotiated minimum wage, if any;

• b). are compensated, according to national law and practice, for expenses or other costs incurred in the performance of their work.

Article 11

Each Member shall take appropriate measures to require digital labour platforms to provide in a timely manner digital platform workers with accurate and easily understandable information on their remuneration or payment and any deductions made.

IX. SOCIAL SECURITY

Article 12

Each Member shall take measures to ensure that digital platform workers have access to social security protection on terms no less favourable than those applicable to other workers with the same classification of status in employment.

X. IMPACT OF THE USE OF AUTOMATED SYSTEMS

Article 13

Each Member shall require digital labour platforms to inform digital platform workers, before their employment or engagement, and their representatives or representative workers’ organizations and, where they exist, organizations representing digital platform workers, about:

• a). the use of automated systems, based on algorithms or on similar methods, to monitor or evaluate work, or to generate decisions relating to work;

• b). the extent to which the use of such automated systems has an impact on the working conditions of digital platform workers or their access to work.

Article 14

Each Member shall take appropriate measures to ensure responsible use of automated systems by digital labour platforms as defined in Article 1(a), as consistent with Member States’ obligations to respect, promote and realize the fundamental principles and rights at work.

Article 15

• a). a written explanation for significant decisions that adversely impact their working arrangements and access to work;

• b). a review of decisions, as appropriate, that result in the non-disbursement of any amount due to digital platform workers, or the suspension or deactivation of their account, or the termination of their employment or engagement with a digital labour platform.

XI. PROTECTION OF DIGITAL PLATFORM WORKERS’ PERSONAL DATA AND PRIVACY

Article 16

XII. SUSPENSION OR DEACTIVATION OF ACCOUNT AND TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT OR ENGAGEMENT

Article 17

Each Member shall take appropriate measures to prohibit the suspension or deactivation of a digital platform worker’s account, or the termination of their employment or engagement with a digital labour platform, when it is based on discriminatory or otherwise unlawful grounds.

XIII. TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT OR ENGAGEMENT

Article 18

Each Member shall, in accordance with national law and practice, take measures to ensure that digital platform workers receive timely, verifiable and easily understandable information on the terms and conditions of their employment or engagement.

Article 19

The terms and conditions of employment or engagement of digital platform workers shall preferably be governed by the laws and regulations of the country where the work is performed, unless otherwise provided for in national laws and regulations, international instruments or multilateral or bilateral agreements, taking into account the contractual arrangements.

XIV. PROTECTION OF MIGRANTS AND REFUGEES

Article 20

Each Member shall take measures to prevent abuses of, and provide adequate protection to, migrants and refugees in the course of their recruitment or engagement and their work as digital platform workers.

XV. DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND REMEDIES

Article 21

Each Member shall take measures to ensure that digital platform workers and digital labour platforms have easy access to safe, fair and effective dispute resolution mechanisms and to appropriate and effective remedies.

XVI. COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT

Article 22

Each Member shall take measures so that mechanisms are in place for ensuring compliance with and enforcement of relevant national laws and regulations and collective agreements.

XVII. NO LESS FAVOURABLE TREATMENT

Article 23

Each Member shall, in implementing the Convention, take measures to ensure that digital platform workers enjoy protection no less favourable than that enjoyed by other workers with the same classification of status in employment.

XVIII. IMPLEMENTATION

Article 24

XIX. NORMATIVE LANGUAGE

Article 25

For the purposes of this Convention, any use of the generic masculine form shall be construed as non-exclusive and including also women, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

XX. FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 26

The formal ratifications of this Convention shall be communicated to the Director-General of the International Labour Office for registration.

Article 27

Article 28

Article 29

Article 30

The Director-General of the International Labour Office shall communicate to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for registration in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations full particulars of all ratifications, declarations and denunciations that have been registered in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Articles.

Article 31

At such times as it may consider necessary, the Governing Body of the International Labour Office shall present to the General Conference a report on the working of this Convention and shall examine the desirability of placing on the agenda of the Conference the question of its revision.

Article 32

• a). the ratification by a Member of the new revising Convention shall ipso jure involve the immediate denunciation of this Convention, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 28 above, if and when the new revising Convention shall have come into force;

• b). as from the date when the new revising Convention comes into force, this Convention shall cease to be open to ratification by the Members.

Article 33

The English, French and Spanish versions of the text of this Convention are equally authoritative.