Police, Public Order and Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2006

Part 1 — Police

Chapter 1 — The Scottish Police Services Authority

The Scottish Police Services Authority

Establishment of the Scottish Police Services Authority

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Duty to establish and maintain the Agency

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Duty to provide the police support services

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Strategic priorities of the Authority

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Objectives of the Authority

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Annual plans of the Authority

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Annual reports of the Authority

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Provision of information to the Scottish Ministers

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Liability for wrongful acts of certain persons seconded to the Authority

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Grants

10

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Charges by the Authority and other receipts

11

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The Scottish Crime and Drug Enforcement Agency

Members of the Agency

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Strategic priorities of the Agency

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Annual plans of the Agency

14

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Annual reports of the Agency

15

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General functions of Director General of the Agency

16

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Powers of the Agency

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Scottish Ministers' power to modify section 17

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Disclosure of information by the Agency

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Disclosure of information to the Agency

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Direction by Director General of the Agency

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Liability for wrongful acts of police members of the Agency

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Regulations relating to the Agency

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The police support services

The police support services: modification by order

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Use of the police support services

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Inspections

Inspections of the Authority’s services and the Agency

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Inspections of the Authority at request of the Scottish Ministers

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Reports on inspections: powers of the Scottish Ministers

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Revision of inadequate action plan

29

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Miscellaneous and general

Directions

30

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Transfer of staff, property etc.

31

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Interpretation of Chapter 1

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Chapter 2 — Complaints and misconduct

The Police Investigations and Review Commissioner

The Police Complaints Commissioner for Scotland

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• (1) There is to be an officer known as the Police Investigations and Review Commissioner (“the Commissioner”).

• (2) The Commissioner is to be an individual appointed by the Scottish Ministers.

• (3) Schedule 4 (which makes further provision about the Commissioner) has effect.

Supervision of complaints

“Relevant complaint” and “person serving with the police”

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• (1) In this Chapter, “relevant complaint” means a complaint which is made, given or sent by any of the persons mentioned in subsection (6) to the appropriate authority in relation to the complaint.

• (2) In subsection (1), “complaint” means a statement (whether oral, written or electronic) expressing dissatisfaction about an act or omission—

• (a) by the Authority;

• (b) by the Police Service; or

• (f) by a person who, at the time of the act or omission, was a person serving with the police.

• (2A) A “complaint” may relate to—

• (a) any action taken, or failed to be taken, by or on behalf of the subject of the complaint;

• (b) the standard of any service which the subject of the complaint has provided or failed to provide.

• (3) But “ complaint ” does not include—

• (a) any statement made by a person serving with, or who has served with, the police, about the terms and conditions of that person's service with the police; or

• (aa) any statement made by a person serving with the police about an act or omission mentioned in subsection (3A);

• (b) a statement which consists of or includes an allegation of an act or omission which constitutes a crime.

• (3A) An act or omission referred to in subsection (3)(aa) is one which—

• (a) took place in relation to, or adversely affected, the person in the person’s capacity as a person serving with the police, or

• (b) was witnessed by the person (whether or not in that capacity).

• (4) An act or omission need not be one occurring in the course of a person's duty, employment or appointment (as the case may be) in order to fall within subsection (2)(f).

• (5) A complaint need not identify a person serving with the police who is the subject of the complaint in order to fall within subsection (2)(f).

• (6) The persons referred to in subsection (1) are—

• (a) a person who claims to be the person in relation to whom the act or omission took place;

• (b) a person not falling within paragraph (a) who claims to have been adversely affected by the act or omission;

• (c) a person who claims to have witnessed the act or omission;

• (d) a person acting on behalf of a person falling within any of paragraphs (a) to (c).

• (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Examination of manner of handling of complaint

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• (1) The Commissioner may, at the request of —

• (a) the person who made the complaint (“the complainer”); or

• (b) the appropriate authority in relation to the complaint,

examine the manner in which a relevant complaint has been dealt with (such an examination being a “complaint handling review”).

• (2) The Commissioner may carry out a complaint handling review under subsection (1)(b) only if satisfied that the appropriate authority in relation to the complaint has taken reasonable steps to deal with the complaint.

• (3) On completion of a complaint handling review, the Commissioner must—

• (a) inform the persons mentioned in subsection (4) about—

• (i) the conclusions the Commissioner has drawn from the complaint handling review and the reasons for them;

• (ii) what action (if any) the Commissioner proposes to take in consequence of those conclusions;

• (b) draw up a report of the complaint handling review and the conclusions, reasons and proposed action referred to in paragraph (a) and send it to the appropriate authority in relation to the complaint; and

• (c) if the Commissioner considers it appropriate to do so, publish the report drawn up under paragraph (b) in such manner as the Commissioner considers appropriate.

• (4) Those persons are—

• (a) the complainer; and

• (b) where the complaint is in respect of an act or omission by a person mentioned in section 34(2)(f) and identifies the person who is the subject of it, that person.

• (5) The duties imposed by subsection (3)(a) are subject to such exceptions as may be prescribed by regulations made by the Scottish Ministers; but they are to make regulations under this subsection only to the extent that they consider it necessary for the purpose of any of the following—

• (a) preventing the premature or inappropriate disclosure of information that is relevant to, or may be used in, any criminal proceedings or prospective criminal proceedings;

• (b) preventing the disclosure of information in any circumstances in which it has been determined in accordance with the regulations that its non-disclosure—

• (i) is in the interests of national security;

• (ii) is for the purposes of the prevention or detection of crime or the apprehension or prosecution of offenders;

• (iii) is justified on proportionality grounds; or

• (iv) is otherwise necessary in the public interest.

• (6) The non-disclosure of information is justified on proportionality grounds only if its disclosure would cause, directly or indirectly, an adverse effect which would be disproportionate to the benefits arising from its disclosure.

• (7) If, having completed a complaint handling review, the Commissioner is of the opinion that the complaint should be reconsidered, the Commissioner may give a direction requiring the reconsideration of the complaint (a “reconsideration direction”).

• (8) A reconsideration direction may be given—

• (a) to the appropriate authority in relation to the complaint; or

• (b) if the Commissioner thinks it more appropriate to do so, to the Authority where the appropriate authority is the chief constable,

(the person to whom the direction is given being “the reconsidering authority”).

• (9) A reconsideration direction given under subsection (8)(b) must be accompanied by a copy of the report sent to the appropriate authority in relation to the complaint under subsection (3)(b).

• (10) A reconsideration direction may be given as respects so much of the complaint as has been, or is, the subject of procedures made by regulations made under section 48 of the Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012 (asp 8) for dealing with constables whose standard of behaviour or performance is unsatisfactory only in so far as it relates to the extent of compliance with the procedures established by virtue of that provision.

• (11) A reconsideration direction may (either or both)—

• (a) instruct that the reconsideration of the complaint is to have regard to such further information as may have become available (whether or not as a result of the complaint handling review) after the complaint was dealt with;

• (b) contain a requirement that reconsideration of the complaint is to take place under the supervision of the Commissioner (a “supervision requirement”).

• (12) In deciding whether a reconsideration direction should contain a supervision requirement, the Commissioner must have regard to—

• (a) the seriousness of the case; and

• (b) the public interest.

• (13) The Commissioner may at any time issue a direction varying a reconsideration direction by inserting or, as the case may be, deleting a supervision requirement.

• (14) Where a reconsideration direction is varied under subsection (13), the Commissioner may give—

• (a) the reconsidering authority; or

• (b) any person previously appointed to carry out the reconsideration,

such directions as the Commissioner considers appropriate for the purpose of giving effect to the variation.

Duty of Commissioner not to proceed with certain complaint handling reviews

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• (1) If it appears to the Commissioner (whether on an application by the appropriate authority in relation to the complaint or otherwise) that a complaint handling review is or would, if it took place, be one to which subsection (1A) or (2) applies, the Commissioner must discontinue or, as the case may be, not proceed with the review.

• (1A) This subsection applies to a complaint handling review if—

• (a) it relates or, if it took place, would relate to a relevant complaint in respect of which the appropriate authority in relation to the complaint—

• (i) has concluded its consideration of the complaint; and

• (ii) has communicated its findings to the complainer;

• (b) a period of 3 months or longer has elapsed between the date on which those findings were so communicated and the date on which the Commissioner was requested to carry out the complaint handling review; and

• (c) the Commissioner is not satisfied that there are exceptional circumstances which justified the delay in requesting the review.

• (2) This subsection applies to a complaint handling review which relates or, if it took place, would relate to a relevant complaint of a specified description.

• (3) In subsection (2), “specified” means specified in regulations made by the Scottish Ministers.

• (4) Where a complaint handling review is, under this section, discontinued or not proceeded with—

• (a) the Commissioner must notify the appropriate authority in relation to the complaint and the persons mentioned in section 35(4) of that fact;

• (b) the Commissioner may give the appropriate authority in relation to the complaint directions to do any such things as the Commissioner is authorised to direct by regulations made by the Scottish Ministers;

• (c) the Commissioner may himself or herself take any steps of a description specified in regulations so made as the Commissioner considers appropriate for purposes connected with the discontinuance of the complaint handling review or the fact that it is not to take place; and

• (d) subject to paragraphs (b) and (c), the Commissioner is to take no further action in accordance with this Chapter in relation to the review or the complaint to which it relates.

Appointment of person to reconsider complaint

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• (1) The reconsidering authority must appoint a person to reconsider the complaint to which the reconsideration direction relates.

• (2) But where the reconsideration direction contains a supervision requirement, the reconsidering authority must not appoint a person unless the Commissioner has given notice to the authority that the Commissioner approves the person whom the authority proposes to appoint.

• (3) Where the reconsidering authority is the appropriate authority in relation to the complaint, the person appointed must be one who was not previously involved in the consideration of the complaint.

• (4) Where the reconsideration of a complaint is subject to a supervision requirement, the person appointed under this section to reconsider the complaint must comply with all such requirements in relation to the carrying out of that reconsideration as may be imposed by the Commissioner in relation to that reconsideration.

Reconsideration of complaint: duties to keep persons informed

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• (1) This section applies where there is a reconsideration of a complaint in accordance with section 35.

• (2) The reconsidering authority or, where the reconsideration of a complaint is subject to a supervision requirement, the Commissioner must provide the persons mentioned in subsection (3) with all such information as will keep those persons properly informed, while the reconsideration is being carried out and subsequently, of—

• (a) the action (if any) which is taken in respect of the matters dealt with in any report under section 40; and

• (b) the outcome of any such action.

• (3) Those persons are—

• (a) the complainer;

• (b) the appropriate authority in relation to the complaint (except where that authority is the reconsidering authority); and

• (c) where the complaint is in respect of an act or omission by a person mentioned in section 34(2)(f) and identifies the person who is the subject of it, that person.

• (4) Subsections (5) and (6) of section 35 apply in relation to the duties imposed by subsection (2) as they apply to the duties imposed by subsection (3)(a) of that section.

• (5) A person appointed under section 37 to reconsider a complaint must provide the Commissioner with all such information as is reasonably required by the Commissioner for the purposes of the Commissioner's functions.

• (6) Where the reconsideration of a complaint is not subject to a supervision requirement the reconsidering authority must comply with any direction or guidance given by the Commissioner as to how the authority is to perform its functions under this section.

Power of Commissioner to discontinue reconsideration

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• (1) If it appears to the Commissioner (whether on an application by the reconsidering authority or otherwise) that a relevant complaint which is being reconsidered under section 35 is of a specified description, the Commissioner may by order require the discontinuance of the reconsideration.

• (2) In subsection (1), “specified” means specified in regulations made by the Scottish Ministers.

• (3) Where the reconsideration of a complaint is discontinued in accordance with this section—

• (a) the Commissioner must notify the persons mentioned in section 38(3) of that fact;

• (b) the Commissioner must give a copy of the order requiring the discontinuance to the reconsidering authority and the person appointed to reconsider the complaint;

• (c) the Commissioner may give the reconsidering authority or the person appointed to reconsider the complaint directions to do any such things as the Commissioner is authorised to direct by regulations made by the Scottish Ministers;