Miscellaneous Food Additives Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1996

EC No.	Name	Food	Maximum level
E 297	Fumaric acid	(pro memoria) Wine in accordance with Regulation (EEC) No. 1873/84 authorising the offer or disposal for direct human consumption of certain imported wines which may have undergone oenological processes not provided for in Regulation (EEC) No. 337/79
		Fillings and toppings for fine bakery wares	2.5 g/kg
		Sugar confectionery	1 g/kg
		Gel-like desserts; Fruit-flavoured desserts; Dry-powdered dessert mixes	4 g/kg
		Instant powders for fruit based drinks	1 g/l
		Instant tea powder	1 g/l
		Chewing Gum	2 g/kg
	In the following applications, the indicated maximum quantities of phosphoric acid and the phosphates E 338, E 339, E 340, E 341, E 450, E 451 and E 452 may be added individually or in combination (expressed as P₂O₅).	In the following applications, the indicated maximum quantities of phosphoric acid and the phosphates E 338, E 339, E 340, E 341, E 450, E 451 and E 452 may be added individually or in combination (expressed as P₂O₅).	In the following applications, the indicated maximum quantities of phosphoric acid and the phosphates E 338, E 339, E 340, E 341, E 450, E 451 and E 452 may be added individually or in combination (expressed as P₂O₅).
E 338	Phosphoric acid
E 339	Sodium phosphates i Monosodium phosphate ii Disodium phosphate iii Trisodium phosphate
E 340	Potassium phosphates i Monopotassium phosphate ii Dipotassium phosphate iii Tripotassium phosphate
E 341	Calcium phosphates i Monocalcium phosphate ii Dicalcium phosphate iii Tricalcium phosphate
E 450	Diphosphates i Disodium diphosphate ii Trisodium diphosphate iii Tetrasodium diphosphate iv Dipotassium diphosphate v Tetrapotassium diphosphate vi Dicalcium diphosphate vii Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate
E 451	Triphosphates i Pentasodium triphosphate ii Pentapotassium triphosphate
E 452	Polyphosphates i Sodium polyphosphate ii Potassium polyphosphate iii Sodium calcium polyphosphate iv Calcium polyphosphates	Non-alcoholic flavoured drinks	700 mg/l[^f00038]
		Sterilised and UHT milk	1 g/l
		Partly dehydrated milk with less than 28% solids	1 g/kg
		Partly dehydrated milk with more than 28% solids	1.5 g/kg
		Dried milk and dried skimmed milk	2.5 g/kg
		Pasteurised, sterilised and UHT creams	5 g/kg
		Whipped cream and vegetable fat analogues	5 g/kg
		Unripened cheese (except Mozzarella)	2 g/kg
		Processed cheese and processed cheese analogues	20 g/kg
		Meat products	5 g/kg
		Sport drinks and prepared table waters	0.5 g/l
		Dietary supplements	quantum satis
		Salt and its substitutes	10 g/kg
		Vegetable protein drinks	20 g/l
		Beverage whiteners	30 g/kg
		Beverage whiteners for vending machines	50 g/kg
		Edible ices	1 g/kg
		Desserts	3 g/kg
		Dry powdered dessert mixes	7 g/kg
		Fine bakery wares	20 g/kg
		Flour	2.5 g/kg
		Flour, self-raising	20 g/kg
		Soda bread	20 g/kg
		Liquid egg (white, yolk or whole egg)	10 g/kg
		Sauces	5 g/kg
		Soups and broths	3 g/kg
		Tea and herbal infusions	2 g/l
		Cider and perry	2 g/l
		Chewing gum	quantum satis[^f00039]
		Dried powdered foods	10 g/kg[^f00040]
		Chocolate and malt dairy-based drinks	2 g/l
		Alcoholic drinks (excluding wine and beer)	1 g/l
		Breakfast cereals	5 g/kg
		Snacks	5 g/kg
		Surimi	1 g/kg
		Fish and crustacean paste	5 g/kg
		Toppings (syrups for pancakes, flavoured syrups for milkshakes and ice cream; similar products)	3 g/kg
		Special formulae for particular nutritional uses	5 g/kg
		Glazings for meat and vegetable products	4 g/kg
		Sugar confectionery	5 g/kg
		Icing sugar	10 g/kg
		Noodles	2 g/kg
		Batters	5 g/kg
		Fillets of unprocessed fish, frozen and deep-frozen	5 g/kg
		Frozen and deep-frozen crustacean products	5 g/kg
		Processed potato products (including frozen, deep-frozen, chilled and dried processed products)	5 g/kg
E 431	Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate	(pro memoria) Wine in accordance with Reglation (EEC) No. 1873/84 authorising the offer or disposal for direct human consumption of certain imported wines which may have undergone oenological processes not provided for in Regulation (EEC) No. 337/79
E 353	Metatartaric acidE 353	Wine in accordance with Regulations (EEC) No. 822/87, (EEC) No. 4252/ 88, (EEC) No. 2332/92 and (EEC) No. 1873/84 and their implementing regulations
		Made wine	100 mg/l
E 355	Adipic acid
E 356	Sodium adipate
E 357	Potassium adipate	Fillings and toppings for fine bakery wares	2 g/kg
		Dry powdered dessert mixes	1 g/kg
		Gel-like desserts	6 g/kg
		Fruit-flavoured desserts	1 g/kg
		Powders for home preparation of drinks	10 g/l expressed as adipic acid
E 363	Succinic acid	Desserts	6 g/kg
		Soups and broths	5 g/kg
		Powders for home preparation of drinks	3 g/l
E 385	Calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate (Calcium disodium EDTA)	Emulsified sauces	75 mg/kg
		Canned and bottled pulses, legumes, mushrooms and artichokes	250 mg/kg
		Canned and bottled crustaceans and molluscs	75 mg/kg
		Canned and bottled fish	75 mg/kg
		Minarine	100 mg/kg
		Frozen and deep-frozen crustaceans	75 mg/kg
E 405	Propane-1,2-diol alginate	Fat emulsions	3 g/kg
		Fine bakery wares	2 g/kg
		Fillings, toppings and coatings for fine bakery wares and desserts	5 g/kg
		Sugar confectionery	1.5 g/kg
		Water-based edible ices	3 g/kg
		Cereal- and potato-based snacks	3 g/kg
		Sauces	8 g/kg
		Beer	100 mg/l
		Chewing gum	5 g/kg
		Fruit and vegetable preparations	5 g/kg
		Non-alcoholic flavoured drinks	300 mg/l
		Emulsified liqueur	10 g/l
		Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes — Dietetic formulae for weight control intended to replace total daily food intake or an individual meal	1.2 g/kg
		Dietary food supplements	1 g/kg
E 416	Karaya gum	Cereal- and potato-based snacks	5 g/kg
		Nut coatings	10 g/kg
		Fillings, toppings and coatings for fine bakery wares	5 g/kg
		Desserts	6 g/kg
		Emulsified sauces	10 g/kg
		Egg-based liqueurs	10 g/l
		Dietary food supplements	quantum satis
		Chewing gum	5 g/kg
E 420	Sorbitol Sorbitol Sorbitol syrup
E 421	Mannitol
E 953	Isomalt
E 965	Maltitol Maltitol Maltitol syrup
E 966	Lactitol
E 967	Xylitol	Foods in general (except drinks and those foods referred to in Schedules 6, 7 and 8) Frozen and deep-frozen unprocessed fish, crustaceans, molluscs and cephalopods Liqueurs	quantum satis (for purposes other than sweetening)
E 432	Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20)
E 433	Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80)
E 434	Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate (polysorbate 40)
E 435	Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate 60)
E 436	Polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate (polysorbate 65)	Fine bakery wares	3 g/kg
		Fat emulsions for baking purposes	10 g/kg
		Milk and cream analogues	5 g/kg
		Edible ices	1 g/kg
		Desserts	3 g/kg
		Sugar confectionery	1 g/kg
		Emulsified sauces	5 g/kg
		Soups	1 g/kg
		Chewing gum	5 g/kg
		Dietary food supplements	quantum satis
		Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes — Dietetic formulae for weight control intended to replace total daily food intake or an individual meal	1 g/kg Individually or in combination
E 442	Ammonium phosphatides	Cocoa and chocolate products as defined in Directive 73/241/EEC[^f00041]	10 g/kg
		Cocoa-based confectionery	10 g/kg
E 444	Sucrose acetate isobutyrate	Non-alcoholic flavoured cloudy drinks	300 mg/l
E 445	Glycerol esters of wood rosins	Non-alcoholic flavoured cloudy drinks	100 mg/l
E 473	Sucrose esters of fatty acids
E 474	Sucroglycerides	Canned liquid coffee	1 g/l
		Heat-treated meat products	5 g/kg (on fat)
		Fat emulsions for baking purposes	10 g/kg
		Fine bakery wares	10 g/kg
		Beverage whiteners	20 g/kg
		Edible ices	5 g/kg
		Sugar confectionery	5 g/kg
		Desserts	5 g/kg
		Sauces	10 g/kg
		Soups and broths	2 g/kg
		Fresh fruits, surface treatment	quantum satis
		Non-alcoholic aniseed-based drinks	5 g/l
		Non-alcoholic coconut and almond drinks	5 g/l
		Spirituous beverages (excluding wine and beer)	5 g/l
		Powders for the preparation of hot beverages	10 g/l
		Dairy-based drinks	5 g/l
		Dietary food supplements	quantum satis
		Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes — Dietetic formulae for weight control intended to replace total daily food intake or an individual meal	5 g/kg
		Chewing gum	10 g/kg Individually or in combination
E 475	Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids	Fine bakery wares	10 g/kg
		Emulsified liqueurs	5 g/l
		Egg products	1 g/kg
		Beverage whiteners	0.5 g/kg
		Chewing gum	5 g/kg
		Fat emulsions	5 g/kg
		Milk and cream analogues	5 g/kg
		Sugar confectionery	2 g/kg
		Desserts	2 g/kg
		Dietary food supplements	quantum satis
		Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes — Dietetic formulae for weight control intended to replace total daily food intake or an individual meal	5 g/kg
		Granola-type breakfast cereals	10 g/kg
E 476	Polyglycerol polyricinoleate	Low and very low fat spreads and dressings	4 g/kg
		Cocoa-based confectionery, including chocolate	5 g/kg
E 477	Propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids	Fine bakery wares	5 g/kg
		Fat emulsions for baking purposes	10 g/kg
		Milk and cream analogues	5 g/kg
		Beverage whiteners	1 g/kg
		Edible ices	3 g/kg
		Sugar confectionery	5 g/kg
		Desserts	5 g/kg
		Whipped dessert toppings other than cream	30 g/kg
		Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes — Dietetic formulae for weight control intended to replace total daily food intake or an individual meal	1 g/kg
E 479b	Thermally oxidised soya bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids	Fat emulsion for frying purposes	5 g/kg
E 481	Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate
E 482	Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate	Fine bakery wares	5 g/kg
		Quick-cook rice	4 g/kg
		Breakfast cereals	5 g/kg
		Emulsified liqueur	8 g/l
		Spirits with less than 15% alcohol by volume	8 g/l
		Cereal-based snacks	2 g/kg
		Chewing gum	2 g/kg
		Fat emulsions	10 g/kg
		Desserts	5 g/kg
		Sugar confectionery	5 g/kg
		Beverage whiteners	3 g/kg
		Cereal- and potato-based snacks	5 g/kg
		Minced and diced canned meat products	4 g/kg
		Powders for the preparation of hot beverages	2 g/l
		Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes — Dietetic formulae for weight control intended to replace total daily food intake or an individual meal	2 g/kg
		Bread (except that referred to in Schedule 7)	3 g/kg
		Mostarda di frutta	2 g/kg Individually or in combination
E 483	Stearyl tartrate	Bakery wares (except breads referred to in Schedule 7)	4 g/kg
		Desserts	5 g/kg
E 491	Sorbitan monostearate
E 492	Sorbitan tristearate
E 493	Sorbitan monolaurate
E 494	Sorbitan monooleate
E 495	Sorbitan monopalminate	Fine bakery wares	10 g/kg
		Toppings and coatings for fine bakery wares	5 g/kg
		Jelly marmalade	25 mg/kg[^f00042]
		Fat emulsions	10 g/kg
		Milk and cream analogues	5 g/kg
		Beverage whiteners	5 g/kg
		Liquid tea concentrates and liquid and herbal infusions concentrates	0.5 g/l
		Edible ices	0.5 g/kg
		Desserts	5 g/kg
		Sugar confectionery	5 g/kg
		Cocoa-based confectionery, including chocolate	10 g/kg[^f00043]
		Emulsified sauces	5 g/kg
		Dietary food supplements	quantum satis
		Yeast for baking	quantum satis
		Chewing gum	5 g/kg
		Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes — Dietetic formulae for weight control intended to replace total daily food intake or an individual meal	5 g/kg
		(pro-memoria) For E 491 only, wine in accordance with Regulation (EEC) No. 1873/84 authorising the offer or disposal for direct human consumption of certain imported wines which may have undergone oenological processes not provided for in Regulation (EEC) No. 337/79	Individually or in combination
E 512	Stannous chloride	Canned and bottled white asparagus	25 mg/kg as tin
E 520	Aluminium sulphate
E 521	Aluminium sodium sulphate
E 522	Aluminium potassium sulphate
E 523	Aluminium ammonium sulphate	Egg white	30 mg/kg
		Candied, crystallised and glacé fruit and vegetables	200 mg/kg Individually or in combination, expressed as aluminium
E 541	Sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic	Fine bakery wares (scones and sponge wares only)	1 g/kg expressed as aluminium
E 535	Sodium ferrocyanide
E 536	Potassium ferrocyanide
E 538	Calcium ferrocyanide	Salt and its substitutes	20 mg/kg Individually or in combination. expressed as anhydrous potassium ferrocyanide
E 551	Silicon dioxide
E 552	Calcium silicate
E 553a	i Magnesium silicate ii Magnesium trisilicate[^f00044]
E 553b	Talc[^f00044]
E 554	Sodium aluminium silicate
E 555	Potassium aluminium silicate
E 556	Calcium aluminium silicate
E 559	Aluminium silicate (Kaolin)	Dried powdered foods (including sugars)	10 g/kg
		Salt and its substitutes	10 g/kg
		Dietary food supplements	quantum satis
		Foods in tablet and coated tablet form	quantum satis
		Sliced hard cheese and sliced processed cheese	10 g/kg Individually or combination
		Chewing gum Rice Sausages (surface treatment only) Moulded jelly sweets (surface treatment only)	quantum satis[^f00045]
E 579	Ferrous gluconate
E 585	Ferrous lactate	Olives darkened by oxidation	150 mg/kg as iron
E 620	Glutamic acid
E 621	Monosodium glutamate
E 622	Monopotassium glutamate
E 623	Calcium diglutamate
E 624	Monoammonium glutamate
E 625	Magnesium diglutamate	Foods in general (except those referred to in Schedules 6, 7 and 8)	10 g/kg Individually or in combination
		Condiments and seasonings	quantum satis
E 626	Guanylic acid
E 627	Disodium guanylate
E 628	Dipotassium guanylate
E 629	Calcium guanylate
E 630	Inosinic acid
E 631	Disodium inosinate
E 632	Dipotassium inosinate
E 633	Calcium inosinate
E 634	Calcium 5'-ribonucleotides
E 635	Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides	Foods in general (except those referred to in Schedules 6, 7 and 8)	500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid
		Seasonings and condiments	quantum satis
E 900	Dimethyl polysiloxane	Jam, jellies and marmalades as defined in Directive 79/693/EEC and similar fruit spreads, including low calorie products	10 mg/kg
		Soups and broths	10 mg/kg
		Oil and fats for frying	10 mg/kg
		Confectionery (excluding chocolate)	10 mg/kg
		Non-alcoholic flavoured drinks	10 mg/l
		Pineapple juice	10 mg/l
		Canned and bottled fruit and vegetables	10 mg/kg
		Chewing gum (pro memoria) Wine in accordance with Regulation (EEC) No. 1873/84 authorising the offer or disposal for direct human consumption of certain imported wines which may have undergone oenological processes not provided for in Regulation (EEC) No. 337/79	100 mg/kg
		Sød . . . saft	10 mg/l
		Batters	10 mg/kg
E 901	Beeswax, white and yellow
E 902	Candelilla wax
E 903	Carnauba wax
E 904	Shellac	As glacing agents only for: Confectionery (including chocolate) Small products of fine bakery wares coated with chocolate Snacks Nuts Coffee beans	quantum satis
		Dietary food supplements	quantum satis
		Fresh citrus fruits, melons, apples and pears (surface treatment only)	quantum satis
E 912	Montan acid esters
E 914	Oxidised polyethylene wax	Fresh citrus fruits, (surface treatment only)	quantum satis
E 927b	Carbamide	Chewing gum without added sugars	30 g/kg
E 950	Acesulfame-K
E 951	Aspartame
E 957	Thaumatin	Chewing gum with added sugars	800 mg/kg[^f00046] 2500 mg/kg[^f00046] 10 mg/kg[^f00046] (as flavour enhancer only)
E 959	Neohesperidine DC	Chewing gum with added sugars	150 mg/kg[^f00046]
		Margarine
		Minarine
		Meat products
		Fruit jellies
		Vegetable proteins	5 mg/kg (as flavour enhancer only)
E 999 extract	Quillaia extract	Water-based flavoured non-alcoholic drinks	200 mg/l calculated as anhydrous
E 1201	Polyvinylpyrrolidone
E 1202	Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone	Dietary food supplements	quantum satis in tablet and coated tablet form
E 1505	Triethyl citrate	Dried egg white	quantum satis
	Propane[^f00047]
	Butane[^f00047]
	Iso-Butane[^f00047]	Garlic flavoured oil spray for producing garlic bread and pizza Vegetable oil pan spray for professional use only	quantum satis

SCHEDULE 4 — Permitted Carriers and Carrier Solvents

EC No.	Name	Restricted use
	Propane-1,2-diol (propylene glycol)	Colours, emulsifiers, antioxidants and enzymes (maximum 1 g/kg in or on the food)E 422 Glycerol
E 420	Sorbital
E 421	Mannitol
E 953	Isomalt
E 965	Maltitol
E 966	Lactitol
E 967	Xylitol
E 400-404	Alginic acid and its sodium, potassium, calcium and ammonium salts
E 405	Propane-1,2-diol alginate
E 406	Agar
E 407	Carrageenan
E 410	Locust bean gum
E 412	Guar gum
E 413	Tragacanth
E 414	Acacia gum (gum arabic)
E 415	Xanthan gum
E 440	Pectins
E 432	Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolautate (polysorbate 20)	Antifoaming agents, colours and fat-soluble antioxidants
E 433	Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80)	Antifoaming agents, colours and fat-soluble antioxidants
E 434	Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate (polysorbate 40)	Antifoaming agents, colours and fat-soluble antioxidants
E 435	Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate 60)	Antifoaming agents, colours and fat-soluble antioxidants
E 436	Polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate (polysorbate 65)	Antifoaming agents, colours and fat-soluble antioxidants
E 442	Ammonium phosphatides	Antioxidants
E 460	Cellulose (microcrystalline or powdered)
E 461	Methyl cellulose
E 463	Hydroxypropyl cellulose
E 464	Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
E 465	Ethyl methyl cellulose
E 466	Carboxy methyl cellulose Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose
E 322	Lecithins	Colours and fat-soluble antioxidants
E 470b	Magnesium salts of fatty acids	Colours and fat-soluble antioxidants
E 471	Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids	Colours and fat-soluble antioxidants
E 472a	Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids	Colours and fat-soluble antioxidants
E 472c	Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids	Colours and fat-soluble antioxidants
E 472e	Mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids	Colours and fat-soluble antioxidants
E 473	Sucrose esters of fatty acids	Colours and fat-soluble antioxidants
E 475	Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids	Colours and fat-soluble antioxidants
E 491	Sorbitan monostearate	Colours and anti-foaming agents
E 492	Sorbitan tristearate	Colours and anti-foaming agents
E 493	Sorbitan monolaurate	Colours and anti-foaming agents
E 494	Sorbitan monooleate	Colours and anti-foaming agents
E 495	Sorbitan monopalminate	Colours and anti-foaming agents
E 1404	Oxidised starch
E 1410	Monostarch phosphate
E 1412	Distarch phosphate
E 1413	Phosphated distarch phosphate
E 1414	Acetylated distarch phosphate
E 1420	Acetylated starch
E 1422	Acetylated distarch adipate
E 1440	Hydroxy propyl starch
E 1442	Hydroxy propyl distarch phosphate
E 1450	Starch sodium octenyl succinate
E 170	Calcium carbonates
E 263	Calcium acetate
E 331	Sodium citrates
E 332	Potassium citrates
E 341	Calcium phosphates
E 501	Potassium carbonates
E 504	Magnesium carbonates
E 508	Potassium chloride
E 509	Calcium chloride
E 511	Magnesium chloride
E 514	Sodium sulphate
E 515	Potassium sulphate
E 516	Calcium sulphate
E 517	Ammonium sulphate
E 577	Potassium gluconate
E 640	Glycine and its sodium salt
E 1505	Triethyl citrate
E 1518	Glyceryl triacetate (triacetin)
E 551	Silicon dioxide	Emulsifiers and colours, max. 5%
E 552	Calcium silicate	Emulsifiers and colours, max. 5%
E 553b	Talc	Colours, max. 5%
E 558	Bentonite	Colours, max. 5%
E 559	Aluminium silicate (Kaolin)	Colours, max. 5%
E 901	Beeswax	Colours
E 1200	Polydextrose
E 1201	Polyvinylpyrrolidone	Sweeteners
E 1202	Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone	Sweeteners

SCHEDULE 5 — Purity Criteria

Each miscellaneous additive for which specific purity criteria are specified or referred to below shall not contain—

• (a) more than 3 milligrams per kilogram of arsenic;

• (b) more than 10 milligrams per kilogram of lead;

• (c) more than 50 milligrams per kilogram of copper, or 25 milligrams per kilogram of zinc or 50 milligrams per kilogram of any combination of copper and zinc;

except in so far as those specific purity criteria provide otherwise or in the case of E 957 Thaumatin.

Calcium carbonate

E 170(i)

Description	Fine white microcrystalline or amorphous powder
Content	Not less than 97 per centum of CaCO₃ on a volatile matter-free basis
Volatile matter	Not more than 1 per centum (determined by drying at 105°C to constant weight)
Matter insoluble in hydrochloric acid	Shall comply with the requirement for aluminium, iron, phosphate and matter insoluble in hydrochloric acid in the monograph for chalk in the British Pharmacopoeia 1973 at page 93
Arsenic	Not more than 5 mg per kg.
Lead	Not more than 20 mg per kg.
Other inorganic impurities	Not more than 100 mg per kg of any of the following substances, namely antimony, copper, chromium, zinc or barium sulphate, or more than 200 mg per kg of any combination of those substances.

Sorbic acid

E 200

Potassium sorbate

E 202

Calcium sorbate

E 203

Benzoic acid

E 210

Sodium benzoate

E 211

Potassium benzoate

E 212

Calcium benzoate

E 213

Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate

E 214

Synonyms	Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Ethyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid

Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate

E 215

Synonyms	Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate

Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate

E 216

Synonyms	Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Propyl para-hydroxybenzoate n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate

Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate

E 217

Synonyms	Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt Sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate Sodium n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate

Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate

E 218

Synonyms	Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Methyl para-hydroxybenzoate

Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate

E 219

Synonyms	Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt Sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate

Sulphur dioxide

E 220

Sodium sulphite (anhydrous or heptahydrate)

E 221

Sodium hydrogen sulphite

E 222

Synonym	Acid sodium sulphite

Sodium metabisulphite

E 223

• the appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC as amended by Council Directive 67/428/EEC and Council Directive 76/463/EEC.

Potassium metabisulphite

E 224

The appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC as amended by Council Directive 67/428/EEC.	The appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC as amended by Council Directive 67/428/EEC.

Calcium sulphite

E 226

Calcium hydrogen sulphite

E 227

• the appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC as amended by Council Directive 76/463/EEC.

Potassium hydrogen sulphite

E 228

Synonyms	Potassium bisulhite Potassium acid sulphite
The appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC as amended by Council Directive 86/604/EEC[^f00051].	The appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC as amended by Council Directive 86/604/EEC[^f00051].

Biphenyl, diphenyl

E 230

Orthophenyl phenol

E 231

Synonym	2-Hydroxybiphenyl

Sodium orthophenyl phenol

E 232

Synonyms	Sodium biphenyl-2-yl-oxide Sodium orthophenylphenate

Thiabendazole

E 233

Synonyms	2-(Thiazol-4-yl) benzimidazole 2-(4-thiazolyl) benzimidazole
The appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC as amended by Council Directive 76/463/EEC.	The appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC as amended by Council Directive 76/463/EEC.

Nisin

E 234

The criteria in the monograph for nisin contained in the Nutrition Meetings Report Series No. 45A (1969) of the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organisation at page 53.	The criteria in the monograph for nisin contained in the Nutrition Meetings Report Series No. 45A (1969) of the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organisation at page 53.

Hexamethylene tetramine

E 239

Synonym	Hexamine

Potassium nitrite

E 249

• the appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC as amended by Council Directive 76/463/EEC.

• In the case of:—

Sodium nitrite

E 250

Sodium nitrate

E 251

Potassium nitrate

E 252

• the appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC as amended by Council Directive 67/428/EEC and Council Directive 76/463/EEC.

• In the case of:—

Acetic acid

E 260

Potassium acetate

E 261

• the appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC.

Sodium acetate

E 262(i)

Sodium acetate, anhydrous

The criteria in the monograph for sodium acetate, anhydrous contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 718.

Sodium acetate

The criteria in the monograph for sodium acetate contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 717 except that the alkalinity shall be not more than 0.1 per centum (as sodium carbonate, Na₂CO₃).

In the case of:—

Sodium diacetate

E 262(ii)

Synonym	Sodium hydrogen diacetate

Calcium acetate

E 263

• the appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC.

Lactic acid

E 270

The specific purity criteria for lactic acid contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC.	The specific purity criteria for lactic acid contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC.

Propionic acid

E 280

Sodium propionate

E 281

Calcium propionate

E 282

• the appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC as amended by Council Directive 67/428/EEC and Council Directive 76/463/EEC.

Potassium propionate

E 283

The appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC as amended by Council Directive 76/463/EEC.	The appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC as amended by Council Directive 76/463/EEC.

Carbon dioxide

E 290

The specific purity criteria for carbon dioxide contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC. Solid or liquid carbon dioxide shall be of equivalent purity to the gas.	The specific purity criteria for carbon dioxide contained in Council Directive 65/66/EEC. Solid or liquid carbon dioxide shall be of equivalent purity to the gas.

Malic acid

E 296

DL-Malic acid

L-Malic Acid

Fumaric acid

E 297

The criteria in the monograph for fumaric acid contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 331.	The criteria in the monograph for fumaric acid contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 331.

Ascorbic acid

E 300

Sodium ascorbate

E 301

Calcium ascorbate

E 302

Fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid

E 304

Ascorbyl palmitate

E 304(i)

Tocopherol-rich extract

E 306

Alpha-tocopherol

E 307

Gamma-tocopherol

E 308

Delta-tocopherol

E 309

Propyl gallate

E 310

Octyl gallate

E 311

Dodecyl gallate

E 312

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)

E 320

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)

E 321

• the appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 78/664/EEC[^f00052].

Lecithins

E 322

• The specific purity criteria for lecithins contained in Council Directive 78/664/EEC as amended by Article 1.2 of Council Directive 82/712/EEC[^f00053].

Sodium lactate

E 325

Potassium lactate

E 326

Calcium lactate

E 327

Citric acid

E 330

Monosodium citrate

E 331(i)

Synonym	Sodium dihydrogen citrate

Disodium citrate

E 331(ii)

Trisodium citrate

E 331(iii)

Monopotassium citrate

E 332(i)

Synonym	Potassium dihydrogen citrate

Tripotassium citrate

E 332(ii)

Monocalcium citrate

E 333(i)

Dicalcium citrate

E 333(ii)

Tricalcium citrate

E 333(iii)

L-(+)-Tartaric acid

E 334

Monosodium L-(+)-tartrate

E 335(i)

Disodium L-(+)-tartrate

E 335(ii)

Monopotassium L-(+)-tartrate

E 336(i)

Dipotassium L-(+)-tartrate

E336(ii)

Sodium potassium L-(+)-tartrate

E 337

Synonym	Potassium sodium tartrate

Phosphoric acid

E 338

Synonym	Orthophosphoric acid

Monosodium phosphate

E 339(i)

Synonym	Monosodium orthophosphate

Disodium phosphate

E 339(ii)

Synonym	Disodium orthophosphate Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate

Trisodium phosphate

E 339(iii)

Synonym	Trisodium orthophosphate

Monopotassium phosphate

E 340(i)

Synonyms	Monodipotassium orthophosphate Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate

Dipotassium phosphate

E 340(ii)

Synonyms	Dipotassium orthophosphate Dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate

Tripotassium phosphate

E 340(iii)

Synonym	Tripotassium orthophosphate

Monocalcium phosphate

E 341(i)

Synonyms	Monocalcium orthophosphate Calcium tetrahydrogen diorthophosphate

Dicalcium phosphate

E 341(ii)

Synonyms	Dicalcium orthophosphate Calcium hydrogen orthophosphate

Tricalcium phosphate

E 340(iii)

Synonyms	Tricalcium orthophosphate Tricalcium diorthophosphate

• the appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 78/664/EEC.

Sodium malate

E 350(i)

Description	Colourless or almost colourless aqueous solution. Sodium malate may be derived from either DL-malic acid or L-malic acid.
Content	Not less than 59.5 per centum of C₄H₄O₅Na₂.
Maleic acid	Not more than 0.05 per centum calculated on the C₄H₄O₅Na₂ content.

Sodium hydrogen malate

E 350(ii)

Description	White odourless powder. Sodium hydrogen malate may be derived from either DL-malic acid or L-malic acid.
Content	Not less than 99 per centum of C₄H₅O₅Na on a volatile matter-free basis.
Volatile matter	Not more than 2 per centum (determined by drying at 110°C for 3 hours)
Maleic acid	Not more than 0.05 per centum.

Potassium malate

E 351

Description	Colourless or almost colourless aqueous solution. Potassium malate may be derived from either DL-malic acid or L-malic acid.
Content	Not less than 59.5 per centum of C₄H₄O₅K₂
Maleic acid	Not more than 0.05 per centum calculated on the C₄H₄O₅K₂ content.

Calcium malate

E 352(i)

Description	White odourless powder. Calcium malate may be derived from either DL-malic acid or L-malic acid
Content	Not less than 97.5 per centum of C₄H₄O₅Ca on a volatile matter-free basis.
Volatile matter	Not more than 2 per centum (determined by drying at 110°C for 3 hours)
Maleic acid	Not more than 0.05 per centum.
Fluoride	Not more than 30 mg per kg on a volatile matter-free basis

Calcium hydrogen malate

E 352(ii)

Description	White odourless powder. Calcium hydrogen malate may be derived from either DL-malic acid or L-malic acid
Content	Not less than 97.5 per centum of (C₄H₅O₅)₂Ca on a volatile matter-free basis.
Volatile matter	Not more than 2 per centum (determined by drying at 110°C for 3 hours)
Maleic acid	Not more than 0.05 per centum.
Fluoride	Not more than 30 mg per kg on a volatile matter-free basis

Metatartaric acid

E 353

Description	White or yellow powder which consists chiefly of a mixture of polyesters obtained by the controlled dehydration of L-(+)-tartaric acid together with unchanged L-(+)-tartaric acid.
Specific absorption 1 per centum E 1 cm	Not more than 1.5 × 10−2at 430 nm. (determined using a filtered aqueous solution).
Identification	Place 5 to 10 mg of sample in a test tube. Add 2 ml sulphuric acid (about 94 per centum H₂SO₄) plus two drops of resorcinol reagent (2 g. resorcinol dissolved in 100 ml water plus 0.5 ml sulphuric acid) and heat to 150°C. An intense violet colour is produced.
Content	Not less than the equivalent of 105 per centum of tartaric acid (C₄H₆O₆). The esterified tartaric acid content shall be not less than 27 per centum and not more than 38 per centum of the tartaric acid equivalent when determined by the following method: Add three drops of bromothymol blue indicator (0.04 per centum weight/volume solution of bromothymol blue in 95 per centum volume/volume ethanol) to 50 ml of freshly prepared 2 per centum weight/volume cold aqueous solution of metatartaric acid. Titrate with N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to a blue-green colour (T₁ml.). Add a further 20 ml of N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and leave for 2 hours at room temperature. Titrate with N aqueous sulphuric acid solution (T₂ml). Calculations: $Tartaric acid equivalent=7.5(T1+20-T2)per centum$ $Esterfied tartaric acid=100(20-T2)T1=20-T2per centum$
Specific rotation [α] 20°C D	Not less than + 12.5° and not more than + 13.5° (using a filtered 10 per centum weight/volume aqueous solution).
Matter insoluble in water (at about 20°C)	Not more than 2.5 per centum (insoluble matter weighed after drying for 3 hours at 70°C in a vacuum oven).
Pyruvic acid	Not more than 0.5 per centum.

Adipic acid

E 355

The criteria in the monograph for adipic acid contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 21.	The criteria in the monograph for adipic acid contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 21.

Succinic acid

E 363

The criteria in the monograph for succinic acid contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 800.	The criteria in the monograph for succinic acid contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 800.

Triammonium citrate

E 380

Synonym	Ammonium citrate
The criteria in the monograph for ammonium citrate contained in the British Pharmaceutical Codex 1973 at page 830.	The criteria in the monograph for ammonium citrate contained in the British Pharmaceutical Codex 1973 at page 830.

Calcium disodium ethylenediamine — N N N'N' — tetra-acetate

E 385

Synonym	Sodium calciumedate
The criteria in the monograph for sodium calciumedetate contained in the British Pharmacopoeia 1973 at page 425.	The criteria in the monograph for sodium calciumedetate contained in the British Pharmacopoeia 1973 at page 425.

Alginic acid

E 400

Sodium alginate

E 401

Potassium alginate

E 402

Ammonium alginate

E 403

Calcium alginate

E 404

Propane-1,2-diol alginate

E 405

Synonym	Propylene glycol alginate

Agar

E 406

The specific purity criteria for agar contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC.	The specific purity criteria for agar contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC.

Carrageenan

E 407

The specific purity criteria for carrageenan contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC, as amended by Article 1 of Commission Directive 90/612/EEC[^f00056].	The specific purity criteria for carrageenan contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC, as amended by Article 1 of Commission Directive 90/612/EEC[^f00056].

Locust bean gum

E 410

Synonym	Carob gum

Guar gum

E 412

Tragacanth

E 413

Acacia

E 414

Synonym	Gum arabic

Xanthan gum

E 415

The specific purity criteria for xanthan gum contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC, as amended by Article 1.2(b) of Council Directive 82/504/EEC.	The specific purity criteria for xanthan gum contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC, as amended by Article 1.2(b) of Council Directive 82/504/EEC.

Karaya gum

E 416

Synonym	Sterculia gum
The criteria in the monograph for karaya gum contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1981 at page 157.	The criteria in the monograph for karaya gum contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1981 at page 157.

Sorbitol

E 420(i)

Sorbitol syrup

E 420(ii)

Mannitol

E 421

• the appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Commission Directive 95/31/EC[^f00057].

Glycerol

E 422

As set out in the Annex to Council Directive 78/663/EEC.	As set out in the Annex to Council Directive 78/663/EEC.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate

E 432

Synonym	Polysorbate 20
The criteria in the monograph for polysorbate 20 contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1981 at page 234.	The criteria in the monograph for polysorbate 20 contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1981 at page 234.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate

E 433

Synonym	Polysorbate 80
The criteria in the monograph for polysorbate 80 contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1981 at page 236 except that the final sentence of the description (requirement to conform to the regulations of the federal Food and Drug Administration pertaining to specifications for fats or fatty acids derived from edible sources) shall be deleted.	The criteria in the monograph for polysorbate 80 contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1981 at page 236 except that the final sentence of the description (requirement to conform to the regulations of the federal Food and Drug Administration pertaining to specifications for fats or fatty acids derived from edible sources) shall be deleted.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate

E 434

Synonym	Polysorbate 40
The criteria in the monograph for polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate contained in the Food and Nutrition Paper No. 4 (1978) of the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organisation at page 278.	The criteria in the monograph for polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate contained in the Food and Nutrition Paper No. 4 (1978) of the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organisation at page 278.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate

E 435

Synonym	Polysorbate 60
The criteria in the monograph for polysorbate 60 contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1981 at page 235 except that the final sentence of the description (requirement to conform to the regulations of the federal Food and Drug Administration pertaining to specifications for fats or fatty acids derived from edible sources) shall be deleted.	The criteria in the monograph for polysorbate 60 contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1981 at page 235 except that the final sentence of the description (requirement to conform to the regulations of the federal Food and Drug Administration pertaining to specifications for fats or fatty acids derived from edible sources) shall be deleted.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate

E 436

Synonym	Polysorbate 65
The criteria in the monograph for polysorbate 65 contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1981 at page 235 except that the final sentence of the description (requirement to conform to the regulations of the federal Food and Drug Administration pertaining to specifications for fats or fatty acids derived from edible sources) shall be deleted.	The criteria in the monograph for polysorbate 65 contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1981 at page 235 except that the final sentence of the description (requirement to conform to the regulations of the federal Food and Drug Administration pertaining to specifications for fats or fatty acids derived from edible sources) shall be deleted.

Pectin

E 440(i)

Amidated pectin

E 440(ii)

• the appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC.

Ammonium phosphatides

E 442

Description	Ammonium phosphatides exist as an unctuous semi-solid (at 25°C). They consist essentially of a mixture of the ammonium salts of phosphatidic acids derived from partially hardened rapeseed oil together with unreacted partially hardened rape-seed oil.
Matter insoluble in petroleum ether (40°C-60°C)	Total: Not more than 2.5 per centum. Inorganic matter: not more than 0.2 per centum.
pH of an aqueous extract of melted ammonium phosphatides	Not less than 6.0 and not more than 8.0
Phosphorus	Not less than 3.0 per centum and not more than 3.4 per centum.
Ammonium nitrogen	Not less than 1.2 per centum and not more than 1.5 per centum.
Arsenic	Not more than 5 mg per kg.

Disodium diphosphate

E 450(i)

Trisodium diphosphate

E 450(ii)

Tetrasodium diphosphate

E 450(iii)

Tetrapotassium diphosphate

E 450(v)

• the appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC.

Dicalcium diphosphate

E 450(vi)

Synonyms	Dicalcium pyrophosphate Calcium pyrophosphate
The criteria in the monograph for calcium pyrophosphate contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 153.	The criteria in the monograph for calcium pyrophosphate contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 153.

Pentasodium triphosphate

E 451(i)

Pentapotassium triphosphate

E 451(ii)

Sodium polyphosphate

E 452(i)

Potassium polyphosphate

E 452(ii)

• the appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC.

Calcium polyphosphates

E 452(iv)

Description	Calcium polyphosphates exist as a fine white powder or crystals or colourless glassy platelets. They are reproducible heterogeneous mixtures of calcium salts of condensed polyphosphoric acids of general formula: $H(n+2)PnO(3n+1)$ where n shall be not less than 2
Content (expressed as P₂O₅)	Not less than 50 per centum and not more 71 per centum of an anhydrous basis.
pH (1 per centum aqueous solution)	For water soluble phosphates only: not less than 4.0 and not more than 9.0.
Cyclic phosphate	Not more than 8 per centum calculated on the P₂O₅ content.
Fluoride	Not more than 15 mg per kg calculated on the P₂O₅ content.

Microcrystalline cellulose

E 460(i)

The specific purity criteria for microcrystalline cellulose contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC, as amended by Article 1.2(c) of Council Directive 82/504/EEC.	The specific purity criteria for microcrystalline cellulose contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC, as amended by Article 1.2(c) of Council Directive 82/504/EEC.

Powdered cellulose

E 460(ii)

Synonym	Alpha-cellulose
The criteria in the monograph for cellulose, powdered, contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1981 at page 80. Additionally the level of lead present shall not exceed 1 mg per kg.	The criteria in the monograph for cellulose, powdered, contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1981 at page 80. Additionally the level of lead present shall not exceed 1 mg per kg.

Methylcellulose

E 461

Hydroxypropylcellulose

E 463

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose

E 464

Ethylmethylcellulose

E 465

Synonym	Methylethylcellulose

Carboxymethylcellulose

E 466

Synonym	Sodium carboyxmethylcellulose
The specific purity criteria for carboxymethylcellulose contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC, as amended by Article 1 of Commission Directive 90/612/EEC.	The specific purity criteria for carboxymethylcellulose contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC, as amended by Article 1 of Commission Directive 90/612/EEC.

Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids

E 470a

Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids

E 471

Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids

E 472(a)

Synonym	Acetylated mono- and diglycerides

Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids

E 472(b)

Synonyms	Lactylated mono- and diglycerides Lactoglycerides

Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids

E 472(c)

Synonym	Citroglycerides

Tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids

E 472(d)

Mono-and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids

E 472(e)

Synonym	Mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono-and diglycerides

Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids

E 472(f)

• the appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC.

Sucrose esters of fatty acids

E 473

The specific purity criteria for sucrose esters of fatty acids contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC, as amended by Article 1 of Commission Directive 90/612/EEC and Article 1 of Commission Directive 92/4/EEC[^f00058].	The specific purity criteria for sucrose esters of fatty acids contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC, as amended by Article 1 of Commission Directive 90/612/EEC and Article 1 of Commission Directive 92/4/EEC[^f00058].

Sucroglycerides

E 474

The specific purity criteria for sucroglycerides contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC, as amended by Article 1.2(e) of Council Directive 82/504/EEC.	The specific purity criteria for sucroglycerides contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC, as amended by Article 1.2(e) of Council Directive 82/504/EEC.

Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids

E 475

The specific purity criteria for polyglycerol esters of non-polymerised fatty acids contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC.	The specific purity criteria for polyglycerol esters of non-polymerised fatty acids contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC.

Polyglycerol polyricinoleate

E 476

Synonym of castor oil.	Polyglycerol esters of polycondensed fatty acids
Description	The polyglycerol esters of polycondensed fatty acids of castor oil exist as a highly viscous liquid (at 25°C). They are essentially a complex mixture of the partial esters and ethers of polyglycerol with linearly interesterified (polycondensed) fatty acids derived from castor oil. The polycondensed castor oil fatty acids are prepared by condensation in the absence of oxygen and have an average of about 5 fatty acid residues per molecule. The polyglycerol moiety is predominantly di-, tri- and tetra-glycerol and contains not more than 10 per centum of polyglycerols equal to or higher than heptaglycerol.
Refractive index, m⁶⁵D°C	Not less than 1.4630 and not more than 1.4665.
Hydroxyl value	Not less than 80 and not more than 100.
Iodine value	Not less than 72 and not more than 103 (Wijs).
Acid value	Not more than 6 mg KOH per g.

Propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids

E 477

Synonym	Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids.
The specific purity criteria for propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC, as amended by Article 1.2(f) of Council Directive 82/504/EEC.	The specific purity criteria for propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC, as amended by Article 1.2(f) of Council Directive 82/504/EEC.

Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate

E 481

Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate

E 482

Stearyl tartrate

E 483

• the appropriate specific purity criteria contained in Council Directive 78/663/EEC.

Sorbitan monostearate

E 491

The criteria in the monograph for sorbitan monostearate contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1981 at page 307 except that the final sentence of the description (requirement to conform to the regulations of the federal Food and Drug Administration pertaining to specifications for fats or fatty acids derived from edible sources) shall be deleted.	The criteria in the monograph for sorbitan monostearate contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1981 at page 307 except that the final sentence of the description (requirement to conform to the regulations of the federal Food and Drug Administration pertaining to specifications for fats or fatty acids derived from edible sources) shall be deleted.

Sorbitan tristearate

E 492

The criteria in the monograph for sorbitan tristearate contained in the Food and Nutrition Paper No. 4 (1978) of the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organisation at page 297.	The criteria in the monograph for sorbitan tristearate contained in the Food and Nutrition Paper No. 4 (1978) of the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organisation at page 297.

Sorbitan monolaurate

E 493

The criteria in the monograph for sorbitan monolaurate contained in the British Pharmaceutical Codex 1973 at page 465.	The criteria in the monograph for sorbitan monolaurate contained in the British Pharmaceutical Codex 1973 at page 465.

Sorbitan monooleate

E 494

The criteria in the monograph for sorbitan monooleate contained in the British Pharmaceutical Codex 1973 at page 466.	The criteria in the monograph for sorbitan monooleate contained in the British Pharmaceutical Codex 1973 at page 466.

Sorbitan monopalmitate

E 495

The criteria in the monograph for sorbitan monopalmitate contained in the Food and Nutrition Paper No. 4 (1978) of the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organisation at page 293.	The criteria in the monograph for sorbitan monopalmitate contained in the Food and Nutrition Paper No. 4 (1978) of the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organisation at page 293.

Sodium carbonate

E 500(i)

Description	Colourless crystals or white granular or crystalline powder. The anhydrous salt is hygroscopic and the decahydrate is efflorescent.
Content	Not less than 98 per centum of Na₂CO₂ on a volatile matter-free basis.
Volatile matter	Not more than: 2 per centum for the non-hydrated substance; 15 per centum for the monohydrate; 65 per centum for the decahydrate; (determined by the method for loss on drying in the monograph for sodium carbonate in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 731.)
Matter insoluble in dilute ammonia solution	Not more than 0.12 per centum on a volatile matter-free basis, determined by the following method: Boil 5 g of hydrated sodium carbonate, or 2.5 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate, with 50 ml of water and 10 ml of dilute ammonia solution (about 10 per centum NH₃). Filter and wash the residue with water, then ignite to constant weight.
Sulphate	Not more than 0.4 per centum on a volatile matter-free basis.
Chloride	Not more than 0.4 per centum on a volatile matter-free basis
Iron	Not more than 40 mg per kg on a volatile matter-free basis.

Sodium hydrogen carbonate

E 500(ii)

Synonym	Sodium bicarbonate
The criteria in the monograph for sodium bicarbonate contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 727.	The criteria in the monograph for sodium bicarbonate contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 727.

Sodium sesquicarbonate

E 500(iii)

The criteria in the monograph for sodium sesqicarbonate contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 765.	The criteria in the monograph for sodium sesqicarbonate contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 765.

Potassium carbonate

E 501(i)

Description	The anhydrous form is a white granular powder. The hydrated form consists of small white translucent crystals or granules.
Content	Not less than 98 per centum K₂CO₃ on a volatile matter-free basis.
Volatile matter	Not more than: 2 per centum for the non-hydrated substance; 18 per centum for the hydrated substance; (determined by drying at 180°C for 4 hours)

Potassium hydrogen carbonate

E 501(ii)

Synonym	Potassium bicarbonate
The criteria in the monograph for potassium bicarbonate contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 642.	The criteria in the monograph for potassium bicarbonate contained in the Food Chemicals Codex 1972 at page 642.

Ammonium carbonate

E 503(i)