Local Government (Scotland) Act 1966

Part I — Grants

Increase of general grant for 1966-67 and discontinuance of general grants and Exchequer Equalisation Grants

Increase of general grant for 1966-67 and discontinuance of general grants and Exchequer Equalisation Grants.

1

Rate support grants for local authorities

Rate support grants.

2

Rate support grant orders.

3

Variation of orders etc.

4

Reduction of grants in case of default.

5

Supplemental.

6

Reduction of rates on dwellings by reference to the domestic element.

7

Specific grants

Grants for development by planning authorities.

8

Grants for public open spaces.

9

Grants for reclamation of derelict land.

10

Grants for certain expenditure due to immigrant population.

11

• (1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the Secretary of State may pay to local authorities which in his opinion are required to make special provision in the exercise of any of their functions in consequence of the presence within their area of persons belonging to ethnic minorities whose language or customs differ from those of the rest of the community, grants of such amounts as he may, with the consent of the Treasury, determine on account of expenditure in respect of the employment of staff.

• (2) No grant shall be paid under this section in respect of expenditure incurred before 1st April 1993.

Part II — Rates

Local authority apportionments etc.

Apportionments, allocations etc. relating to local authorities.

12

Amendment of the Act of 1963.

13

As respects the year 1967-68 and subsequent years the Act of 1963 shall have effect as follows—

• (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (b) Section 9(5) of the Act of 1963 (which relates to the determination of weighted population) shall be amended by substituting for the words “in accordance with the provisions of Schedule 2 to this Act” the words “in such manner as may be prescribed by a rate support grant order made under section 3 of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1966”.

• (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Effect of alteration of boundaries on apportionments etc.

14

Valuation and Rating

Valuation according to tone of roll.

15

• (1) For the purposes of any new or altered entry to be made in a valuation roll after the passing of this Act for a year other than a year of revaluationat any time the valuation roll is in force, the value or altered value to be ascribed to lands and heritages shall not exceed the value which would have been ascribed thereto in that roll if the lands and heritages to which the entry relates had for valuation purposes been subsisting throughout the year before the last year of revaluation, on the assumptions that at the time by reference to which that value would have been ascertained—

• (a) the lands and heritages were in the same state as at the time of valuation and any relevant factors (as defined by subsection (2) of this section) were those subsisting at the last-mentioned time; and

• (b) the locality in which the lands and heritages are situated was in the same state, so far as concerns the other premises situated in that locality and the occupation and use of those premises, the transport services and other facilities available in the locality, and other matters affecting the amenities of the locality, as at the time of valuation.

• (2) In this section “relevant factors” means any of the following, so far as material to the valuation of lands and heritages, namely—

• (a) the mode or category of occupation of the lands and heritages;

• (b) the quantity of minerals or other substances in or extracted from the lands and heritages;

• (c) the volume of trade or business carried on on the lands and heritages.

• (3) References in this section to the time of valuation are references to the time by reference to which the valuation of lands and heritages would have fallen to be ascertained if this section had not been enacted.

• (4) This section does not apply to lands and heritages which are occupied by a public utility undertaking and of which the value falls to be ascertained by reference to the profits of the undertaking carried on therein.

Determination of cumulo rateable value and rateable value pertaining to water undertakings.

16

For the purposes of the levying of rates in respect of the year 1967-68 and of any subsequent year the cumulo rateable value and the rateable value of lands and heritages occupied for the purposes of a water undertaking shall be taken to be the values respectively determined in accordance with the provisions of Schedule 2 to this Act.

Payments in lieu of rates by Electricity Boards.

17

Rating of certain office premises of nationalised boards.

18

Gas and Electricity Boards: rating of showrooms.

19

• (1) For the year 1967-68 and subsequent years, an authority to which this section applies shall, notwithstanding anything in Part V of the Local Government Act 1948, section 24(2) of the Valuation and Rating (Scotland) Act 1956 . . . , be liable to be rated in respect of any shop, room or other place occupied and used by the authority wholly or mainly for the sale, display or demonstration of apparatus or accessories for use by consumers of gas or, as the case may be, electricity; and accordingly any such shop, room or other place shall be included in the valuation roll for the area in which it is situated.

• (2) In determining whether any such shop, room or other place is wholly or mainly occupied and used as aforesaid, use for the receipt of payments for gas or electricity consumed shall be disregarded.

• (3) This section applies to the following authorities, that is to say, the British Gas Corporation, the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board and the South of Scotland Electricity Board.

Amendment of section 42 of the Lands Valuation (Scotland) Act 1854.

20

Amendment of section 22 of the Valuation and Rating (Scotland) Act 1956.

21

In section 22(1) of the Valuation and Rating (Scotland) Act 1956 (which relates to the exemption of churches, etc. from rates) for the paragraphs (a) and (b) there shall be substituted the words “any premises to which this subsection applies, which belong to or are held by a religious body, so long as the use of the premises is wholly or mainly for purposes connected with that body and no profit is derived by that body from the use of the premises for any other purpose.

Complaints regarding omissions from the valuation roll.

22

• (1) Any person interested may complain to the First-tier Tribunal for Scotland for a valuation area (which terms in this section have the same meaning as in the Valuation and Rating (Scotland) Act 1956) to the effect—

• (a) that particular lands and heritages are not included in the valuation roll for that area and that they ought to be so included; or

• (b) that lands and heritages consisting of a pitch for a caravan have been treated as part of a single unit of lands and heritages by virtue of section 3(1) of the Rating (Caravan Sites) Act 1976 and ought to be separately entered in such valuation roll;

...

• (2) After hearing a complaint under this section the First-tier Tribunal for Scotland may dismiss it or may direct that such entry be made in the Valuation roll as respects the lands and heritages concerned as may be specified in the direction.

• (3) A decision made under the last foregoing subsection shall be subject to appeal by way of stated case in the manner provided by section 7 of the Valuation of Lands (Scotland) Amendment Act 1879.

Amendment of section 7 of the Valuation of Lands (Scotland) Amendment Act 1879.

23

• (1) Any application for a stated case under section 7 of the Valuation of Lands (Scotland) Amendment Act 1879 may be made in writing within the prescribed period from the date of the decision of the Valuation Appeal Committee or the First-tier Tribunal for Scotland, or if the decision was made in the absence of any party intending to make such an application, within the prescribed period from the date of receipt by him of the notification of the decision, and accordingly in the said section 7 the words “and shall then declare himself dissatisfied with such determination” shall cease to have effect.

• (2) In this section “the prescribed period” means the period for the time being prescribed by virtue of section 6 of the Rating and Valuation (Scotland) Act 1952 within which grounds of appeal relating to a stated case under the said section 7 may be lodged.

Rating of unoccupied property

Liability to be rated in respect of certain unoccupied property.

24

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Provisions supplementary to section 24.

25

• (1) The provisions of Schedule 3 to this Act shall have effect, for the purposes of any scheme under section 3A of the Local Government (Financial Provisions etc.) (Scotland) Act 1962 which provides for the rates leviable in respect of lands and heritages to be reduced or remitted by virtue of the lands and heritages being unoccupied, with respect to . . . the treatment of newly erected and altered buildings and the other matters there mentioned.

• (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Application of section 27.

26

Notification of unoccupied dwelling-houses.

27

• (1) Subject to subsection (3) below, the owner of every dwelling-house which has remained unoccupied for a period of two months shall, within 14 days thereafter, give to the rating authority for the area in which the house is situated notice in writing of the date when the house became unoccupied, or in the case of a newly erected dwelling-house (including a dwelling-house produced by the structural alteration of a building), notice in writing of the date when it became available for occupation.

• (2) Any person who fails to give a notice which is required to be given under the foregoing subsection shall, subject to the next following subsection, be liable to be rated under section 24 above in respect of the dwelling-house as if he were in occupation of the dwelling-house; and no reduction shall be made under section 7 above in respect of rates payable by virtue of this subsection.

• (3) A rating authority may, if in all the circumstances it seems to them fair and reasonable so to do, reduce the amount of rates payable in respect of any dwelling-house for any period by virtue of subsection (2) above to the amount payable by virtue of section 24(2) above.

• (4) This section does not apply to a dwelling-house owned by a rating authority or to a dwelling-house which was last occupied by the owner thereof or to a dwelling-house which falls within any of the categories of lands and heritages described in section 25(3) above or which is for the time being exempted from rates under section 24 above by virtue of regulations made under section 25(4) above.

Part III — Roads

Grants towards construction and improvement of roads

Road grants and classifications.

28

Lighting of road

Provision of lighting by highway authorities.

29

• (1) The Secretary of State and every local highway authority shall have power to provide lighting for the purposes of any road or proposed road for which they are or will be the highway authority, and may for that purpose—

• (a) contract with any persons for the supply of gas, electricity or other means of lighting ; and

• (b) construct and maintain such lamps, posts and other works as they consider necessary.

• (2) A highway authority may alter or remove any works constructed by them under this section or vested in them under the following provisions of this Part of this Act.

• (3) A highway authority shall pay compensation to any person who sustains damage by reason of the execution of works authorised by this section.

• (4) Subject to the last preceding subsection, the provisions of section 99 of the Burgh Police (Scotland) Act 1892 relating to the fixing of lamp irons, lamp posts and lamps shall apply to a highway authority, not being a body to which the said provisions would otherwise apply, as they apply to such a body.

• (5) For the purposes of section 8 of the Development and Road Improvement Funds Act 1909 the expression " improvement of roads " shall include the lighting of roads under the power conferred by this section.

Powers of existing lighting authorities.

30

• (1) Subject to subsection (2) of this section, the powers of a lighting authority shall not be exercised, after the commencement of this Part of this Act, for purposes of the lighting of any road for which they are not the highway authority except with the consent of the highway authority (which consent may be given either generally or in respect of any particular road or length of road, and either without conditions or subject to such conditions as the highway authority think fit).

• (2) Subsection (1) of this section does not apply to the exercise of powers for the purpose only of the operation or maintenance of a lighting system which is not transferred to the highway authority under the following provisions of this Part of this Act.

• (3) If a lighting authority are aggrieved by the refusal of a local highway authority to give their consent for the purposes of this section, or by any conditions subject to which such consent is given, they may appeal to the Secretary of State, who may give such directions in the matter as he thinks fit.

• (4) In this Part of this Act " lighting authority " means a council or other body authorised to provide lighting under section 99 of the Burgh Police (Scotland) Act 1892, section 149 of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1947 or section 23 of the Road Traffic Act 1934 (as applied to Scotland by section 41(8) of that Act) or any corresponding local enactments; and references to the powers of a lighting authority are references to their powers under the said enactments.

Delegation of lighting functions of highway authorities.

31

• (1) A highway authority may agree with the lighting authority for the delegation to the lighting authority of any of the functions of the highway authority with respect to the lighting of any road or part of a road within the area of the lighting authority.

• (2) A lighting authority shall, for the discharge of any functions delegated to them under subsection (1) of this section, act as agents for the highway authority; and it shall be a condition of the delegation—

• (a) that any works to be executed or expenditure to be incurred by the lighting authority in the discharge of the delegated functions shall be subject to the approval of the highway authority ;

• (b) that the lighting authority shall comply with any requirements of the highway authority as to the manner in which any such works are to be carried out, and with any directions of the highway authority as to the terms of contracts to be entered into for the purposes of the discharge of the delegated functions; and

• (c) that any such works shall be completed to the satisfaction of the highway authority.

• (3) If at any time the highway authority are satisfied that a lighting system in respect of which the functions of that authority are delegated under this section is not in proper repair or condition, they may give notice to the lighting authority requiring them to place it in proper repair or condition, and if the notice is not complied with within a reasonable time may themselves do anything which seems to them necessary to place the system in proper repair or condition.

• (4) A highway authority may agree with a lighting authority for the carrying out by the lighting authority of any works in connection with a lighting system provided or to be provided by the highway authority within the area of the lighting authority; and subsections (2) and (3) of this section shall apply to the conditions to be included in and to the discharge of functions pursuant to any such agreement, as they apply to the conditions to be attached to a delegation of functions under subsection (1) of this section and the discharge of functions so delegated.

• (5) A delegation to a lighting authority under this section may be determined by notice given to that authority by the highway authority, and functions delegated to a lighting authority under this section may be relinquished by notice given by that authority to the highway authority; but a notice under this subsection shall not take effect until 16th May in the calendar year following that in which it is given, and shall not be given during the last three months of a calendar year.

Transfer of road lighting systems.

32

• (1) On the date of the commencement of this Part of this Act there shall be transferred to the highway authority for any road for which a road lighting system was then provided by a lighting authority other than the highway authority—

• (a) all lamps, lamp-posts and other apparatus which, immediately before that date, were vested in the lighting authority as part of that system ;

• (b) except as provided by subsection (2) of this section, all other property or rights which, immediately before that date, were vested in the lighting authority for the purposes of that system, and all liabilities incurred by that authority for those purposes and not discharged before that date.

• (2) There shall not be transferred to a highway authority by virtue of this section any right or liability of a lighting authority in respect of work done, services rendered, goods (including gas and electricity) supplied or money due for payment before the said date, and there shall not be transferred to the Secretary of State by virtue of this section any liability of a lighting authority in respect of loans or loan charges.

• (3) A highway authority and a lighting authority, or any two or more highway authorities, may make agreements with respect to the transfer of property, rights and liabilities under this section, including agreements for defining the property, rights and liabilities thereby transferred to the highway authority or any of those authorities, and for the transfer or retention of property, rights or liabilities held or incurred for the purposes of two or more road lighting systems, or partly for the purposes of such a lighting system and partly for other purposes ; and any dispute between the authorities concerned as to the property,

rights or liabilities transferred by this section shall be determined—

• (a) where the Secretary of State is one of those authorities, by arbitration;

• (b) in any other case, by the Secretary of State.

• (4) If at any time after the commencement of this Part of this Act a road lighting system is provided by a lighting authority for the purposes of a road for which they are not the highway authority, the foregoing provisions of this section shall apply as if for references to the date of the commencement of this Part of this Act there were substituted a reference to such date as may be determined by agreement between the lighting authority and the highway authority or, in default of such agreement, as the Secretary of State may direct.

• (5) In this Part of this Act " road lighting system " means a lighting system which is not a footway lighting system.

Special provision as to footway lighting systems.

33

• (1) In this part of this Act " footway lighting system " means a system of lighting, provided for a road, which satisfies the following conditions, that is to say that either—

• (a) no lamp is mounted more than thirteen feet above ground level; or

• (b) no lamp is mounted more than twenty feet above ground level and there is at least one interval of more than fifty yards between adjacent lamps in the system,

or such other conditions as may be prescribed by order of the Secretary of State in substitution for the said conditions.

Any statutory instrument containing an order made under this subsection shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

• (2) Where a footway lighting system maintained by a lighting authority other than the highway authority becomes a road lighting system—

• (a) in consequence of any order made by the Secretary of State under subsection (1) of this section; or

• (b) in consequence of any alterations effected by the lighting authority,

section 32 of this Act shall apply in relation to that system as if for references in subsections (1) and (2) to the date of the commencement of. this Part of this Act there were substituted references to such date as may be agreed upon between the lighting authority and the highway authority or, in default of such agreement, as the Secretary of State may direct.

• (3) If in the case of a road or part of a road in which a footway lighting system is maintained by a lighting authority other than the highway authority the highway authority propose to provide a road lighting system (either as a separate system or by means of alterations of the footway lighting system), they may give notice to that effect to the lighting authority; and where such notice is given section 32 of this Act shall apply in relation to the footway lighting system as if for references in subsections (1) and (2) to the date of the commencement of this Part of this Act there were substituted references to such date as may be specified for the purpose in the notice.

Supplemental

Commencement of Part III.

34

This Part of this Act shall come into force on 16th May 1967.

Part IV

Miscellaneous and General

Placing of staff etc. of local authority at disposal of Secretary of State or of another local authority.

35

• (1) A local authority within the meaning of section 227(1) of the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 may enter into an agreement with the Secretary of State or another local authority for the placing at his or their disposal, for the purposes of any function of a party to the agreement under any enactment (including an enactment in any local Act) or any instrument whether passed or made before or after the passing of this Act, on such terms as may be provided by the agreement, of the services of persons employed by the local authority and of any premises, equipment and other facilities under their control.

• (1A) A local authority within the meaning of section 33 of the Vehicle and Driving Licences Act 1969 may enter into an agreement with the Minister of Transport for the placing at his disposal, for the purpose of any of the relevant functions within the meaning of the said Act of 1969, on such terms as may be provided by the agreement, of the services of persons employed by the local authority and of any premises, equipment and other facilities under their control.

• (2) For the avoidance of doubt it is hereby declared that for superannuation purposes, in the absence of agreement to the contrary, service rendered by a person whose services are placed by a local authority at the disposal of the Secretary of State or the Minister of Transport or another local authority in pursuance of this section is service rendered to the first-mentioned local authority.

• (3) In this section . . . “premises” includes land and buildings.

Amendment of section 119 of the Local Government Act 1948.

36

Limitation on expenditure of local authorities under section 132 of the Local Government Act 1948.

37

The limitation applicable to the expenditure of a local authority in Scotland under section 132 of the Local Government Act 1948 (which relates to the provision of entertainments) shall be the same as that applicable to the expenditure of a local authority in England under that section, and accordingly subsection (10)(d) of that section shall cease to have effect.

Amendment of section 187 of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1947.

38

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Amendment of section 339 of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1947.

39

Interpretation of "public utility undertaking" in section 379(1) of Local Government (Scotland) Act 1947.

40

For the avoidance of doubt it is hereby declared that the definition of “public utility undertaking” in section 379(1) of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1947 does not include an aerodrome undertaking or any business ancillary thereto.

Payments by local authorities to offset effect of selective employment tax.

41

A local authority within the meaning of the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 may make to any person such payments as the authority consider appropriate for the purpose of offsetting, either wholly or in part, payments by way of the selective employment tax made by that person in respect of persons employed for the purposes of any contract entered into by the authority before 4th May 1966.

Amendment of certain enactments relating to licences.

42

• (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (2) The enactments mentioned in the first column of Part II of Schedule 4 to this Act (which specify fees or maximum fees for licences, certificates or permits to which those enactments relate or for registration under those enactments) may be amended, by an order made by the Minister or department specified in relation to the enactment in question in the second column of the said Part II, so as to vary any sum specified by that enactment or so as to provide that any sum payable under that enactment shall cease to be so payable; and an order under this subsection may be limited to such cases as may be specified by the order and may make different provision for different cases specified by the order.

• (3) Any statutory instrument containing an order under this section shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

Dog licences.

43

Game licences.

44

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Orders and regulations.

45

• (1) Any power conferred on the Secretary of State by this Act to make an order or regulations shall be exercisable by statutory instrument.

• (2) Any power conferred by this Act to make an order includes the power to vary or revoke the order by a subsequent order made in the like manner and subject to the like conditions.

General interpretation.

46

• (1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—

• “the Act of 1963” means the Local Government (Financial Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1963;

• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• “housing revenue account” has the same meaning as in section 203 of the Housing (Scotland) Act 1987;

• “joint board” includes a combination or joint committee of local authorities;

• “land” includes land covered by water and any interest in or right over land;

• “local authority” means a council constituted under section 2 of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994;

• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• “ product of a rate of one new penny in the pound ” and “ standard penny rate product ” have the meanings assigned to them by section 9 of the Act of 1963;

• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• “ rating authority ” has the meaning assigned to it by section 30 of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994;

• “ road ”has the same meaning as in the Roads (Scotland) Act 1984;

• “Valuation Acts” means the Lands Valuation (Scotland) Act 1854, . . . the Acts amending that Act and any other enactment relating to valuation;

• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• “water undertaking” means an undertaking for the supply of water carried on by Scottish Water;

• “year” has the meaning assigned to it by section 26(2) of the Act of 1963; and

• “year of revaluation” has the meaning assigned to it by section 37 of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1975.

• (2) References in this Act to any enactment are references to that enactment as amended by or under any subsequent enactment including this Act.

Expenses.

47

There shall be defrayed out of moneys provided by Parliament—

• (a) any sums required for the payment of grants under this Act or of other expenses of the Secretary of State under this Act; and

• (b) any increase attributable to the provisions of this Act in the sums payable out of such moneys under any other Act.

Amendments and repeals.

48

• (1) The enactments mentioned in Schedule 5 to this Act shall have effect subject to the amendments there specified, being amendments consequential on the provisions of this Act.

• (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Short title and extent.

49

• (1) This Act may be cited as the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1966.

• (2) This Act shall extend to Scotland only.

SCHEDULE 1 . . .

Part I — The Needs Element

Apportionment

1

The amount of the needs element of rate support grants payable for any year, or such part thereof as may be determined by the Secretary of State, shall be apportioned to all regions, islands areas and districts on such basis as may be prescribed.

2

• (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 above, the Secretary of State may, as respects any year, make provision for the apportionment of a prescribed part of the needs element among authorities incurring extraordinary expenses, by reference to so much of the estimated extraordinary expenses of each such authority as he may determine to be appropriate to be taken into account for the purposes of this paragraph.

• (2) In this paragraph “extraordinary expenses” means expenses of such categories and for such purposes as the Secretary of State, after consultation with such associations of local authorities as appear to him to be concerned, may determine should be supported by an apportionment under this paragraph; and in determining the amount of the estimated extraordinary expenses of an authority to be taken into account for any year, the Secretary of State—

• (a) shall have regard to the expected income of that authority for that year; and

• (b) may have regard to the extent by which the extraordinary expenses for a previous year exceeded or fell short of the estimated extraordinary expenses of the authority for that year.

3

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 above the Secretary of State may, as respects any year, make provision for the apportionment of the needs element or any part thereof among such classes of local authorities and on such basis as may be prescribed or of a prescribed amount of the needs element to such classes of authorities or to any such authority as may be prescribed.

Adjustment of the needs element payable to local authorities

4

The needs element for any year shall be reduced by the expenditure incurred in that year by the Secretary of State in making any payments to the universities of Scotland under section 75(2) of the Education (Scotland) Act 1962.

5

• (1) The needs element for any year shall be subject to adjustment, in accordance with regulations made under this paragraph, in respect of expenditure to which this paragraph applies.

• (2) The Secretary of State may after consultation with such associations of local authorities as appear to him to be concerned by regulations subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament, provide for ascertaining the aggregate of such expenditure for the year in question of all local authorities and joint county councils of which local authorities are constituent councils, for apportioning the aggregate among the local authorities, and for giving effect to the apportionment by means of increases or decreases in the needs element payable to each authority of such amounts as may be ascertained in accordance with the regulations.

• (3) This paragraph applies to such expenditure incurred as may be specified in regulations made under this paragraph.

Part II — The Resources Element

1

No payment in respect of the resources element shall be made to a local authority for any year unless in that year the product of a rate of one penny in the pound for the authority’s area is less than the standard penny rate product for the area.

2

Subject to . . . paragraph 3 below, the amount of the resources element payable to a local authority for any year shall be the product of—

• (a) the number of pence in the pound of the regional, general or district rate, as the case may be or, where the Secretary of State is, as regards the local authority, satisfied—

• (i) that they have fixed a rate higher than that required to provide the sufficient moneys mentioned in section 108(2) of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973; or

• (ii) as is mentioned in subsection (1)(c), as read with subsection (1A), of section 5 of this Act,

such lesser number of pence in the pound of that rate as the Secretary of State considers appropriate, and

• (b) the difference between the rate products mentioned in paragraph 1 above.

3

• (1) If, after the amount of the resources element payable to a local authority for any year has been determined under paragraph 2 above—

• (a) the rateable values of lands and heritages in the authority’s area are reduced with effect from a date on or before that which is relevant for determining the product of a rate of one penny in the pound for the authority’s area for that year; and

• (b) the effect of that reduction is to produce a reduction in the said product which is of such a magnitude that, expressed as a percentage of the initially ascertained figure, it exceeds such percentage as may be specified for the purposes of this paragraph in regulations made by the Secretary of State; and

• (c) the authority by notice in writing request the Secretary of State to give a direction under this paragraph; the Secretary of State shall direct that the amount of the resources element payable to the authority for that year shall be recalculated in accordance with the following provisions of this paragraph and a further payment on account of that element shall be made to the local authority accordingly.

• (2) Where sub-paragraph (1) above applies—

• (a) the product of a rate of one penny in the pound for the local authority’s area for the year concerned shall be recalculated by treating the initially ascertained figure as reduced by the amount of the excess referred to in sub-paragraph (1)(b) above,

• (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , paragraph 2 above shall have effect accordingly for the purpose of determining the amount which, on the basis of that recalculation, would have been payable to the authority for that year.

• (3) The further payment referred to in sub-paragraph (1) above shall be an amount equal to the difference between the amount previously paid to the authority for the year concerned on account of the resources element and the amount determined as mentioned in sub-paragraph (2)(b) above.

• (4) In this paragraph “the initially ascertained figure”, in relation to any year, means the product of a rate of one penny in the pound ascertained for the purposes of paragraph 2 above.

• (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

• (1) Where for any year the actual rent income of a county council or town council is less than the council's notional rent income, the relevant local expenditure of the council shall be calculated for the purposes of this Part of this Schedule as if the council's notional rent income were substituted for the council's actual rent income.

• (2) In this paragraph " actual rent income " has the same meaning as in section 3(3)(a) of the Act of 1963, and the notional rent income of a council shall be calculated on such basis as may be prescribed.

5

For the purposes of this Part of this Schedule the relevant local expenditure in relation to any area for any year is so much of the total expenditure for the year as would fall to be met out of moneys raised by rates levied in the area if no resources element were payable to the local authority concerned.

Part III — The Domestic Element

1

There shall for each year be prescribed, for the purposes of section 7 of this Act, an amount in the pound which in the opinion of the Secretary of State corresponds to the amount of the domestic element prescribed for that year in pursuance of section 2(4) of this Act and different amounts in the pound may be so prescribed for the areas of different rating authorities.

2

The amount of the domestic element payable to a rating authority for any year shall be determined in the manner provided by regulations made by the Secretary of State after consultation with such associations of local authorities as appear to him to be concerned.

3

Any amounts payable to a rating authority in respect of the domestic element shall be taken into account for the purposes of this and any other Act as if they were payable on account of rates and in computing the product of a new penny rate; and any reduction made in pursuance of section 7 of this Act shall be disregarded in computing the product of a new penny rate for those purposes.

SCHEDULE 2

Part I — Determination of Cumulo Rateable Value

1

The Assessor of Public Undertakings (Scotland) (hereinafter referred to as “the Assessor”) shall for the year 1967-68 and each subsequent year determine in accordance with the following provisions of this and the next succeeding Part of this Schedule the cumulo rateable value of lands and heritages occupied for the purposes of a water undertaking, other than excepted premises, and shall enter such value in the valuation roll.

2

The Secretary of State may by order make provision for determining the national average rateable value per unit per day calculated on the basis of the aggregate potential output of water, for a year specified in the order, of all the water undertakings whose values are for the year 1967-68 to be entered in the valuation roll referred to indetermined by the Assessor in accordance with paragraph 1 above, and such value so determined, or as modified under paragraph 3 below, is in this Schedule known as “the norm”.

3

Having regard to the changes in the rateable values of other lands and heritages, the Secretary of State shall keep the norm under review and may, in the year 1971-72 and each year of revaluation thereafter, by order make such adjustments in the provisions for determining the norm as appear to him to be appropriate.

4

Not later than 31st Decembersuch date as may be prescribed in any calendar year, commencing with the year 1966, each local water authority shall as respects the previous year ascertain and certify to the Assessor, to the nearest ten units, the average number of units per day of the various categories of water described in sub-paragraphs (a) to (f) of paragraph 5 below.

5

For the year 1967-68 the cumulo rateable value of the lands and heritages occupied for the purposes of a water undertaking shall be the aggregate of the following—

• (a) the average number of units per day of potable water produced by the undertaking and supplied for use within the limits of supply of the local water authority carrying on the undertaking in the year 1965-66, multiplied by the norm;

• (b) one half of the average number of units per day of potable water supplied by them in bulk for distribution or use outwith the limits of supply of the local water authority carrying on the undertaking in the year 1965-66, multiplied by the norm;

• (c) one half of the average number of units per day of potable water supplied to them in bulk in the year 1965-66, multiplied by the norm;

• (d) the average number of units per day of non-potable water supplied by them in bulk for distribution or use outwith the limits of supply of the local water authority carrying on the undertaking in the year 1965-66, multiplied by such fraction of the norm as may be prescribed by order made by the Secretary of State;

• (e) the average number of units per day of non-potable water produced by them and supplied for use within the limits of supply of the local water authority carrying on the undertaking in the year 1965-66, multiplied (subject to paragraph 6 below) by such fraction of the norm as may be prescribed by order made by the Secretary of State; and

• (f) the average number of units per day of non-potable water supplied to them in bulk in the year 1965-66 multiplied by such fraction of the norm as may be prescribed by order made by the Secretary of State.

6

The fraction prescribed by order made under paragraph 5(e) above may, for the purpose of the application of that sub-paragraph to a particular water undertaking, be varied by the Assessor within such limits as may be specified in the order, if in the opinion of the Assessor exceptional circumstances exist in relation to that undertaking.

7

• (1) The Assessor shall, in respect of each year of revaluation, determine anew the cumulo rateable value pertaining to each water undertaking and for that purpose shall apply the provisions of paragraph 5 above, so however that for the reference in that paragraph to the year 1967-68 there shall be substituted a reference to the year of revaluation, and for any reference in that paragraph to the year 1965-66 there shall be substituted a reference to the year last but one before the year of revaluation.

• (2) Where as respects any year (in this paragraph referred to as “the relevant year”) the average number of units per day supplied by a water undertaking, as certified under paragraph 4 above, exceeds or falls short of the average number of units so supplied and certified for the purposes of valuation for the base year by more than such percentage as may be prescribed by order made by the Secretary of State, the Assessor shall determine anew the cumulo rateable value pertaining to that undertaking and for that purpose shall apply the provisions of paragraph 5 above, so however that for the reference in that paragraph to the year 1967-68 there shall be substituted a reference to the year second succeeding the relevant year, and for any reference in that paragraph to the year 1965-66 there shall be substituted a reference to the relevant year.

• (3) In this paragraph “base year” means the year for which the valuation pertaining to a water undertaking was last determined by the Assessor.

Part II — Determination of Cumulo Rateable Value in Respect of Amalgamated Undertakings and of New Undertakings

8

Where an amalgamation of water undertakings takes place, the provisions of paragraphs 9 to 14 below shall apply for the purposes of determining the cumulo rateable value pertaining to the amalgamated undertaking.

9

For the year in which the amalgamation takes place the amalgamated water undertaking shall be treated as consisting of the separate water undertakings which comprise it, and accordingly the cumulo rateable values relating to the separate undertakings shall continue to apply.

10

For the first year succeeding that in which the amalgamation took place (in paragraph 14 below referred to for the purposes of this paragraph as “the valuation year”) the cumulo rateable value pertaining to the amalgamated water undertaking shall be determined under paragraph 5 above on the basis of an aggregation of the various figures for the separate undertakings comprising the amalgamated undertaking certified to the Assessor under paragraph 4 above in respect of the year prior to that in which the amalgamation took place (in paragraph 14 below referred to for the purposes of this paragraph as “the base year”).

11

Where the amalgamated water undertaking has been in existence for less than two complete years then for the second year succeeding that in which the amalgamation took place (in paragraph 14 below referred to for the purposes of this paragraph as “the valuation year”) the cumulo rateable value pertaining to the water undertaking shall be determined under paragraph 5 above on the basis of an aggregation of the various figures for the separate undertakings comprising the amalgamated undertaking and the various figures for the amalgamated undertaking certified to the Assessor under paragraph 4 above in respect of the year in which the amalgamation took place (in paragraph 14 below referred to for the purposes of this paragraph as “the base year”).

12

Where an amalgamation takes place which involves the division of an existing water undertaking into separate parts the cumulo rateable value pertaining to each part shall, for the years referred to in paragraphs 9 to 11 above, be determined in such manner as may be directed by the Secretary of State, and in those paragraphs any reference to a separate undertaking shall be construed as including a reference to the part comprised in the amalgamated undertaking.

13

Where the amalgamated water undertaking has been in existence for two complete years then for the second year succeeding that in which the amalgamation took place (in paragraph 14 below referred to for the purposes of this paragraph as “the valuation year”) the cumulo rateable value pertaining to the water undertaking shall be determined under paragraph 5 above on the basis of the figures for that undertaking certified to the Assessor under paragraph 4 above in respect of the year in which the amalgamation took place (in paragraph 14 below referred to for the purposes of this paragraph as “the base year”).

14

For the purposes of paragraphs 10, 11 and 13 above paragraph 5 above shall apply as if for the reference to the year 1967-68 there were substituted a reference to the valuation year and for the references to the year 1965-66 there were substituted references to the base year.

15

• (1) No rateable value shall be attributable to any new water undertaking until the year (in this paragraph referred to as “the valuation year”) second succeeding that in which it commences to supply water to consumers, and accordingly for the purposes of this paragraph paragraph 5 above shall apply as if for the reference to the year 1967-68 there were substituted a reference to the valuation year and for the references to the year 1965-66 there were substituted references to the year in which the undertaking so commences to supply water.

• (2) This paragraph applies only to new water undertakings and accordingly does not apply to a part of an undertaking which consists in an addition to an existing water undertaking.

Part III — Determination of Rateable Value

16

In the case of a water undertaking wholly situated within a rating area the cumulo rateable value for the year 1967-68 or any subsequent year, as ascertained under the foregoing provisions of this Schedule, shall be taken to be the rateable value of that undertaking for that year and the Assessor shall give a direction under section 5 of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1975 to the local assessor to enter that value in the valuation roll.

17

In the case of a water undertaking situated within more than one rating area the Assessor shall for the year 1967-68 and each subsequent year determine in accordance with the following provisions of this Part of this Schedule the rateable value attributable to a water undertaking in respect of such parts of the undertaking as are situated within such an area, and shall give a direction under section 5 of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1975 to the local assessor to enter that value in the valuation roll.

18

For the purposes of this Part of this Schedule the capital works of each water undertaking shall be divided into productive and distributive parts in such manner as may be prescribed by order made by the Secretary of State.

19

Not later than 31st Decembersuch date as may be prescribed in any calendar year, commencing with the year 1966, each water authority shall ascertain and certify to the Assessor—

• (a) the capital expenditure in respect of the productive part of the undertaking in each of the rating areas . . . in which the undertaking is situated; and

• (b) the income for the previous year from public water rate, domestic water rate and water charges derived from each rating area in which any portion of the distributive part of the undertaking is situated.

20

The cumulo rateable value of each water undertaking, as ascertained under the foregoing provisions of this Schedule, shall then be apportioned between the productive and distributive parts of the undertaking in such proportion as the Secretary of State may, in such manner as he thinks fit, by order determine.

21

• (1) The amount of the cumulo rateable value apportioned to the productive part of the undertaking shall be apportioned among the rating areas in which any portion of that part is situated in such proportion as the capital cost of that portion bears to the capital cost of that part.

• (2) The amount of the cumulo rateable value apportioned to the distributive part of the undertaking shall be apportioned among the rating areas in which any portion of that part is situated in such proportion as the aggregate income from the public water rate, domestic water rate and water charges derived from a rating area bears to such income derived from the whole of the area in which the distributive part of the undertaking is situated.

• (3) The aggregate of the amounts duly apportioned as aforesaid in respect of each water undertaking shall then be taken to be the rateable value attributable to that undertaking in the rating area concerned.

22

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23

The Assessor shall no longer be required under section 23 of the Lands Valuation (Scotland) Act 1854 to apportion the cumulo rateable value of a water undertaking as between the various parishes in which the undertaking is situated or to enter such apportioned value in the valuation roll.

Part IV — Miscellaneous

Transitional Provisions

24

The Secretary of State may, as respects any year from 1967-68 to 1971-72, by order provide for the modification of the cumulo rateable values pertaining to all or any water undertakings.

Orders

25

Before making an order under this Schedule the Secretary of State shall consult with such associations of local authorities or other bodies or associations as appear to him to be concerned.

26

Any statutory instrument containing an order made under paragraph 2 or 3 of this Schedule shall not have effect unless approved by a resolution of the Commons House of Parliament, and any statutory instrument containing an order made under any other provision of this Schedule shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

Interpretation

27

For the purposes of this Schedule—

• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• “limits of supply” has the meaning assigned to it by section 5(3) of the Water (Scotland) Act 1946;

• “public water rate” and “domestic water rate” have the meanings assigned to them by section 1 of the Water (Scotland) Act 1949;

• “rating area” means the area of an islands council or of a district council;

• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• “unit” means a thousand gallons of water;

• “ valuation roll ” means the roll made up by the Assessor under the Valuation Acts;

references to the supply of water in bulk are references to a supply taken by a local water authority for augmenting or constituting the supply to be given by them.

SCHEDULE 3

Determination of rateable values

1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Completion of newly erected or constructed buildings

2

For the purposes of any scheme under section 3A of the Local Government (Financial Provisions etc.) (Scotland) Act 1962 which provides for the rates leviable in respect of lands and heritages to be reduced or remitted by virtue of the lands and heritages being unoccupied, a newly erected building which is not occupied on the date determined under the following provisions of this Schedule as the date on which the erection of the building is completed shall be deemed to become unoccupied on that date.

3

• (1) Where a rating authority is of opinion—

• (a) that the erection of a building within their area has been completed; or

• (b) that the work remaining to be done on a building within their area is such that the erection of the building can reasonably be expected to be completed within three months,

. . . the authority may serve on the owner of the building a notice (in this Schedule referred to as “a completion notice”) stating that the erection of the building is to be treated for the purposes of this Schedule as completed on the date of service of the notice or on such later date as may be specified by the notice; and the authority shall along with the completion notice send to the owner a notice of his right of appeal by virtue of sub-paragraph (4) below.

• (2) If a person on whom a completion notice is served agrees in writing with the authority by whom the notice was served that the erection of the building to which the notice relates shall be treated for the purposes of this Schedule as completed on a date specified by the agreement, it shall be treated for those purposes as completed on that day and the notice shall be deemed to be withdrawn.

• (3) Where a rating authority has served a completion notice on any person, the authority may withdraw the notice by a subsequent notice served on that person; and a notice under this sub-paragraph may be served—

• (a) at any time before an appeal in pursuance of sub-paragraph (4) of this paragraph is brought against the completion notice; and

• (b) with the agreement of the person aforesaid, at any time thereafter and before the appeal is determined.

• (4) A person on whom a completion notice is served may, during the period of twenty-one days beginning with the date of service of the notice, appeal to the sheriff against the notice on the ground that the erection of the building to which the notice relates has not been, or, as the case may be, cannot reasonably be expected to be, completed by the date specified by the notice.

• (5) If a completion notice served in respect of a building is not withdrawn and no appeal is brought in pursuance of sub-paragraph (4) of this paragraph against the notice or such an appeal is abandoned or dismissed, the erection of the building shall be treated for the purposes of this Schedule as completed on the date specified by the notice; and if such an appeal is brought and is not abandoned or dismissed and the completion notice in question is not withdrawn, the erection of the building shall be treated for those purposes as completed on such date as the sheriff shall determine.

• (6) In the application of section 192 of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 to the service of notices under this paragraph, any reference to sending a notice by post shall be construed as a reference to sending it by registered post or by the recorded delivery service.

4

In the case of a building to which work remains to be done of a kind which is customarily done to a building of the type in question after the erection of the building has been substantially completed, it shall be assumed for the purposes of paragraph 3 of this Schedule that the erection of the building has been or can reasonably be expected to be completed at the expiration of such period, beginning with the date of its completion apart from the work, as is reasonably required for carrying out the work.

5

Where by reason of the structural alteration of any building ... lands and heritages become or become part of different lands and heritages, the ... lands and heritages shall be deemed for the purposes of this Schedule to have ceased to exist on the date (as determined in pursuance of the foregoing provisions of this Schedule) of the completion of the structural alteration and, in particular, to have been omitted on that date from any valuation roll in which they were then included; but nothing in this paragraph shall be construed as affecting any liability for rates ... in respect of the lands and heritages for any period before that date.

Supplemental

6

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

In this Schedule—

• “building” includes part of a building;

• “owner”, in relation to a building, means the person entitled to possession of the building; and

• . . .

and references to a newly erected building include references to a building produced by the structural alteration of a building . . .which by virtue of paragraph 5 of this Schedule has ceasedor will cease to exist on the completion of the structural alteration and, in relation to a building so produced, references to erection of a building shall be construed as references to the structural alteration producing it.

9

The provisions of this Schedule relating to newly erected buildings shall apply to buildings which are being improved by the owner and are thereby rendered temporarily unsuitable for occupation, and references to erection of a building shall be construed as references to improvements; and those provisions shall so apply with any other necessary modifications.

SCHEDULE 4

Part I — . . .

1

The Gun Licence Act 1870.

2

The Hawkers Act 1888.

3

In Section 275 of the Burgh Police (Scotland) Act 1892, the word "porters ".

4

Sections 341 to 352 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1894, in section 365(1) of that Act paragraph (d) and the words ' (e) emigrant runners ', and section 23 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1906.

Part II — Variation of Fees for Licences, Registration, etc.

SCHEDULE 5

The Local Government Act 1948

1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2

After section 94(2) there shall be inserted the following subsection—

(2AA) In ascertaining the gross charge aforesaid for Scotland for any year the Secretary of State shall treat the aggregate amount of the domestic element of rate support grants for that year as an amount required to be paid by virtue of the rates levied for that year by authorities in Scotland.

The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1947

3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Housing (Scotland) Act 1950

4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1959

5

In section 54(1), in the definition of “grant-aided function”, for the words “Local Government and Miscellaneous Financial Provisions (Scotland) Act 1958” there shall be substituted (in relation to the year 1967-68 and subsequent years) the words “section 2 of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1966”.

SCHEDULE 6

Lands and heritages partly unoccupied for a short time.

Liability of owners of unoccupied lands and heritages

Certain lands and heritages to be treated as unoccupied.

24A

• (1) If it appears to the rating authority that part of any lands and heritages included in the valuation roll is unoccupied but will remain so for a short time only, the authority may request the assessor to apportion the rateable value between the occupied and unoccupied parts and on being thus requested the assessor shall apportion the rateable value accordingly.

• (2) As from whichever is the later of the following—

• (a) the date on which lands and heritages the rateable value of which has been apportioned under subsection (1) above became partly occupied;

• (b) the commencement of the financial year in which the request under that subsection relating to those lands and heritages was made,

until whichever of the events specified in subsection (3) below first occurs, the value apportioned to the occupied part of the lands and heritages shall ... be treated for rating purposes as if it were the rateable value ascribed to the lands and heritages in the valuation roll.

• (3) The events mentioned in subsection (2) above are—

• (a) the reoccupation of any of the unoccupied part;

• (b) the end of the financial year in which the request was made;

• (c) a further apportionment of the value of the lands and heritages taking effect under subsection (1) above;

• (d) the lands and heritages to which the apportionment relates becoming completely unoccupied.

• (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (5) Notwithstanding paragraph (b) of subsection (3) above, if it appears to the rating authority that the part of the lands and heritages which was unoccupied at the date of an apportionment of the rateable value thereof under subsection (1) above has continued after the end of the financial year referred to in that paragraph to be unoccupied but will remain so for a short time only, the authority may direct that the apportionment shall continue to have effect for the next financial year; and subsections (2) and (3)(a), (c) and (d) above shall have effect in relation to that year accordingly.

• (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (7) In this section “ financial year ” has the meaning assigned to it by section 96(5) of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973.

24B

• (1) For the purposes of section 24A of this Act, a part of lands and heritages shall be treated as unoccupied if, apart from this section, the part would fall to be treated as occupied by reason only of there being kept on the part plant, machinery or equipment—

• (a) which was last used on the part of the lands and heritages when it was last in use; or

• (b) which is intended for use on the part.

• (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Exemption from payment of rates

25A

Every rating authority may, on the application of any person liable to pay any rate levied by the authority, remit payment (in whole or in part) of the rate if the authority are satisfied that—

• (a) the person would sustain hardship if the authority did not do so; and

• (b) it is reasonable for the authority to do so, having regard to the interests of persons liable to pay council tax set by them.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lands and heritages partly unoccupied for a short time.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2A

3A

Without prejudice to sections 5 and 5A of this Act or to the generality of paragraphs 1 and 3 above, the Secretary of State may, in prescribing a basis for apportionment under either of those paragraphs or in providing for apportionment under paragraph 3 above, have regard to the extent to which, in his opinion, either or both—

• (a) the actual expenditure of an individual authority has conformed (whether or not in the year for which the amount of the needs element is payable);

• (b) the estimated expenditure of such an authority conforms, with any guidance issued by him, before the start of the year to which the expenditure relates, as to what that expenditure ought to be.

4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

• (1) The needs element for any year shall be subject to adjustment, in accordance with regulations made under this paragraph, in respect of expenditure to which this paragraph applies.

• (2) The Secretary of State may after consultation with such associations of local authorities as appear to him to be concerned by regulations subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament, provide for ascertaining the aggregate of such expenditure for the year in question of all local authorities, for apportioning the aggregate among such classes of local authority as may be specified in the regulations, and for giving effect to the apportionment by means of increases or decreases in the needs element payable to such authorities as may be so specified of such amounts as may be ascertained in accordance with the regulations.

• (3) This paragraph applies to such expenditure incurred as may be specified in regulations made under this paragraph.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Editorial notes