Legalize / United Kingdom / Public General Act

Civil Aviation Act 1982

Type Public General Act

Publication 1982-05-27

Last updated 2024-01-01

State In force

Department Statute Law Database

Source legislation.gov.uk

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(8) Nothing in this section shall operate, in relation to any building, structure or erection, so as to restrict the doing of any work for the purpose of repairing, altering, demolishing or removing the building, structure or erection if—

(a) notice of the doing of that work is given as soon as may be to the proprietor of the aerodrome; and

(b) the giving of warning of the presence of the building, structure or erection in the manner provided by any order under this section in force in relation thereto is not interrupted.

(9) The following provisions shall have effect, without prejudice to the general application of subsections (4) and (5) above, for the protection of statutory undertakers—

(a) any order made under this section affecting any property held by such undertakers for the purposes of their undertaking shall be so framed as to avoid interference with the proper carrying on of the undertaking;

(b) no person shall, except in a case of emergency, enter, in pursuance of such an order, upon any land held by such undertakers for the purposes of their undertaking, unless he has given to the undertakers at least three clear days’ notice of his intention so to do, and any person so entering on any such land shall comply with any reasonable directions given to him by or on behalf of the undertakers for preventing interference with the proper carrying on of the undertaking;

(c) if any such undertakers show that, by reason of the operation of such an order, they have been obliged to take special measures for the purpose of ensuring the safety of persons so entering on any such land or otherwise acting under the order in relation to any property of the undertakers, the amount of any expenses reasonably incurred by the undertakers in taking such measures shall be paid to them by the proprietor of the aerodrome to which the order relates, and any dispute as to whether any sum is payable under this paragraph, or as to the amount of any sum so payable, shall unless the parties otherwise agree, be referred for determination to a single arbitrator appointed by the Lord Chief Justice or, in Scotland, to a single arbiter appointed by the Lord President of the Court of Session.

(10) In this section—

“authorised aerodrome” means any aerodrome for the time being authorised to operate by a certificate under the Aerodromes Regulation, but does not include any premises belonging to the Secretary of State;

“licensed aerodrome” means any premises which, by virtue of an Air Navigation Order, are for the time being licensed as an aerodrome for public use, but does not include any premises belonging to the Secretary of State;

“proprietor of the aerodrome” means, in relation to any premises used or appropriated for use as an aerodrome, the person carrying on or entitled to carry on the business of an aerodrome in those premises;

and nothing in section 104(1) below shall affect the construction of the references in the definitions of “authorised aerodrome” and “licensed aerodrome to premises belonging to the Secretary of State.

48

(1) Subject to subsection (2) below, the Secretary of State may if he is satisfied that it is necessary to do so in order to secure the safe and efficient use for civil aviation purposes (including the testing of aircraft designed for civil aviation) of any land vested in the Secretary of State , the CAA or a licence holder, or of any land which the Secretary of State , the CAA or a licence holder proposes to acquire, by order authorise the stopping-up or diversion of any highway.

(2) The power conferred by subsection (1) above shall, in Northern Ireland, be exercisable by the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland (in this section referred to as “the Department”) instead of by the Secretary of State, and notwithstanding anything in section 104(1) below, the reference in subsection (1) above to land which is vested in the Secretary of State or which the Secretary of State proposes to acquire shall include a reference to land which is vested in him, or which he proposes to acquire, as the case may be, in connection with the exercise of the following functions, that is to say—

(a) his functions under the Supply Powers Act 1975; and

(b) the related functions which by virtue of the Ministry of Supply (Transfer of Powers) (No. 1) Order 1939 became exercisable by the Minister of Supply and which have subsequently become vested in the Secretary of State.

(3) An order under subsection (1) above may provide for all or any of the following matters, that is to say—

(a) for securing the provision or improvement of any highway so far as the Secretary of State or, as the case may be, the Department thinks such provision or improvement necessary or desirable in consequence of any such stopping-up or diversion as aforesaid;

(b) for directing that any highway to be provided or improved in pursuance of the order shall—

(i) in England and Wales, be a highway which for the purposes of the Highways Act 1980 is maintainable at public expense;

(ii) in Scotland, be maintained and managed by a regional, islands or district council; and

(iii) in Northern Ireland be a public road within the meaning of the Roads (Northern Ireland) Order 1993;

(i) in England and Wales or Northern Ireland, the highway authority which is to be the highway authority for any highway to be provided or improved in pursuance of the order; and

(ii) in Scotland, the council which is to be responsible for the maintenance and management referred to in paragraph (b)(ii) above;

(d) for directing that any highway to be provided or improved in consequence of the stopping-up or diversion of a trunk road under the order shall itself be a trunk road for all or any of the purposes of the enactments relating to trunk roads;

(e) for the retention or removal of any cables, mains, sewers, pipes, wires or similar apparatus placed along, across, over or under any highway stopped up or diverted under the order, and for the extinguishment, modification or preservation of any rights as to the use or maintenance of that apparatus;

(f) if any highway is to be provided or improved under the order, for authorising or requiring the provision of any such apparatus as aforesaid along, across, over or under that highway, in lieu of any apparatus removed from a highway in pursuance of the order, and for conferring rights as to the use or maintenance of apparatus so provided;

(g) for requiring the Secretary of State or the department or any other specified authority or person—

(i) to pay, or to make contributions in respect of, the cost of doing any work provided for by the order or any increased expenditure to be incurred which is ascribable to the doing of any such work; or

(ii) to repay, or to make contributions in respect of, any compensation paid by a highway authority in England and Wales or Scotland in respect of restrictions imposed under section 1 or 2 of the Restriction of Ribbon Department Act 1935 as respects any highway stopped up or diverted under the order.

(4) An order under subsection (1) above may contain such consequential, incidental and supplemental provisions as appear to the Secretary of State or, as the case may be, the Department to be necessary or expedient for the purposes of the order.

(5) An order under subsection (1) above shall, if made in respect of land in England and Wales or Scotland, be subject to special parliamentary procedure; and—

(a) if the order was made in respect of land in England and Wales, Schedule 1 to the Statutory Orders (Special Procedure) Act 1945 (which sets out the notices to be given and the other requirements to be complied with before an order is made), and

(b) if the order was made in respect of land in Scotland, section 2 of that Act (which contains comparable provision for Scotland), as that section applies by virtue of section 10 of that Act to Scotland,

shall apply in relation to the order, but in their application in relation thereto, shall have effect as if paragraph 1 of the said Schedule 1 or subsection (1) of the said section 2, as the case may be, included the provisions set out in subsection (6) below.

(6) The said provisions are provisions—

(a) requiring notice of the order as proposed to be made to be displayed in a prominent position at the ends of so much of any highway as is proposed to be stopped up or diverted under the order;

(b) requiring notice of the order as proposed to be made to be sent to every local authority in whose area any highway to be stopped up or diverted under the order, or any highway to be provided or improved under the order, is or will be situated; and

(c) requiring notice of the order as proposed to be made to be served upon any water, gas electricity undertakers having any cables, mains, sewers, pipes or wires laid along, across, under or over any highway to be stopped up or diverted under the order.

(7) In subsection (6) above—

(a) the reference in paragraph (b) to a local authority shall include a reference to a parish council in England, to a parish meeting of a parish in England not having a separate parish council, to a council of a community in Wales . . .; and

(b) the reference in paragraph (c) to electricity undertakers shall be deemed to include references to . . . the operator of an electronic communications code networkand

(c) the reference in paragraph (c) to water undertakers is a reference to the National Rivers Authority, a water undertaker or a sewerage undertaker or, in Northern Ireland, a water or sewerage undertaker (within the meaning of the Water and Sewerage Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006) .

(8) The powers of the Secretary of State and of the Department under subsection (1) above shall include power to make an order authorising the stopping-up or diversion of any highway which is temporarily stopped up or diverted under any other enactment; and the provisions of this section shall not prejudice any power conferred upon the Secretary of State or the Department by any other enactment to authorise the stopping-up or diversion of a highway.

(9) The following provisions (which relate to telegraphic lines of British Telecommunications affected by the stopping-up, diversion or improvement of a highway), that is to say—

(a) in England and Wales, subsections (1) to (4) of section 256 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990;

(b) in Scotland, subsections (1) and (2) of section 209 of the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1972; and

shall have effect as if references in those subsections to an order under section 247 of the said Act of 1990 and to an order under section 198 of the said Act of 1972 and in that paragraph to an order under Article 40 of the said Order of 1980 included references to an order made under subsection (1) above in relation to land which is vested in the CAA or a licence holderor which the CAA or a licence holder proposes to acquire.

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(1) The Secretary of State may be authorised to purchase land in Great Britain compulsorily for the purpose of providing or improving any highway which is to be provided or improved in pursuance of an order under section 48(1) above or for any other purpose for which land is required in connection with such an order.

(2) The Acquisition of Land Act 1981 shall apply, in relation to land in England and Wales, to a compulsory purchase under subsection (1) above.

(3) The CAA’s power of acquiring land compulsorily under this Act may be exercised for the purpose of providing or improving any highway which is to be provided or improved in pursuance of an order made under section 48(1) above in relation to land which is vested in the CAA or which the CAA proposes to acquire or for any other purpose for which land is required in connection with such an order.

(3A) A licence holder’s power of acquiring land compulsorily under this Act may be exercised for the purpose of providing or improving any highway which is to be provided or improved in pursuance of an order made under section 48(1) above in relation to land which is vested in the licence holder or which the licence holder proposes to acquire or for any other purpose for which land is required in connection with such an order.

(4) The powers of compulsory acquisition of land exercisable by the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland under Articles 110 and 113 of the Roads (Northern Ireland) Order 1993 shall include the power to acquire lands compulsorily in accordance with the provisions of that Article for the purpose of providing or improving any highway which is to be provided or improved in pursuance of an order under section 48(1) above or for any other purpose for which land is required in connection with such an order; and the said Order of 1993 shall have effect accordingly.

(5) The powers conferred on the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland by subsection (4) above shall be exercisable in relation to any land notwithstanding that the land is the property of a statutory undertaker or is declared by any other enactment to be inalienable

50

(1) This section applies—

(a) where the Secretary of State has confirmed or is considering the confirmation of an order authorising the CAA or a licence holder to acquire land in Great Britain compulsorily;

(b) where the CAA or a licence holder proposes to acquire land in Northern Ireland compulsorily;

(c) where the Secretary of State has made or has under consideration the making of an order under section 44 above providing for the creation in favour of the CAA or a licence holder of easements or servitudes over land or of other rights in or in relation to land;

(d) where the Secretary of State has made, or has under consideration the making of, an order under section 46(1) above in respect of the CAA , a licence holder (within the meaning of section 105(1) below), or the licensee of an aerodrome licensed under an Air Navigation Order or a person who holds a certificate under the Aerodromes Regulation authorising the operation of an aerodrome, being an order declaring that an area of land shall be subject to control by directions; and

(e) in any case not falling within paragraphs (a) to (d) above where the Secretary of State has made an order under or in pursuance of this Part of this Act—

(i) authorising the compulsory purchase of land,

(ii) providing for the creation in favour of a particular person of a right in or in relation to land, or

(iii) declaring that an area of land shall be subject to control by directions.

(f) in any case not falling within paragraphs (a) to (d) above where the Secretary of State is considering making an order under or in pursuance of this Part of this Act—

(i) authorising the compulsory purchase of land in Scotland or Northern Ireland,

(ii) providing for the creation in favour of a particular person of a right in or in relation to land in Scotland or Northern Ireland, or

(iii) declaring that an area of land in England and Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland shall be subject to control by directions.

(2) Where this section applies any person authorised in writing by the Secretary of State may at all reasonable times on producing if so required evidence of his authority for the purpose enter upon any of the land in question in order to make a relevant survey.

(3) In subsection (2) above “a relevant survey” means—

(a) in a case falling within subsection (1)(a) above, any survey which the Secretary of State , the CAA or a licence holder requires to be made for the purpose of any steps to be taken in consequence of the order, or, as the case may be, for the purpose of determining whether the order should be confirmed;

(b) in a case falling within subsection (1)(b) above, any survey which the Secretary of State , the CAA or a licence holder requires to be made for the purpose of ascertaining whether the land would be suitable for the purposes for which it is proposed to acquire it;

(c) in a case falling within subsection (1)(c) above, any survey which the Secretary of State , the CAA or a licence holder requires to be made for the purpose of any steps to be taken in consequence of the order or, as the case may be, for the purpose of determining whether the order should be made;

(d) In a case falling within subsection (1)(d) above, any survey which the Secretary of State or the person in respect of whom the order under the said section 46(1) has been, or is to be, made requires to be made for the purpose of any steps to be taken in consequence of that order or, as the case may be, for the purpose of determining whether the order should be made;

(e) in a case falling within subsection (1)(e) or (f) above, any survey which the Secretary of State requires to be made for the purpose of any steps to be taken in consequence of the order in question or, as the case may be, for the purpose of determining whether the order should be made.

(4) Admission shall not, by virtue of subsection (2) above, be demanded as of right to any land which is occupied unless the following notice of the intended entry has been served on the occupier, that is to say—

(a) in a case falling within subsection (1) (a) to (d) above, eight days’ notice; and

(b) in a case falling within subsection (1)(e) or (f) above, twenty-four hours’ notice.

(5) If any person obstructs a person authorised as mentioned in subsection (2) above in the exercise of any power conferred by this section he shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 2 on the standard scale.

(6) Proceedings for an offence under this section shall not be instituted—

(a) in England and Wales, except by or with the consent of the Secretary of State or by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions;

(b) in Northern Ireland, except by or with the consent of the Secretary of State or by the Attorney General for Northern Ireland,

except that in England and Wales and in Northern Ireland such proceedings may be instituted without such consent, in a case falling within subsection (1)(a) to (c) above, by the CAA and, in a case falling within subsection (1)(d) above, by the person in respect of whom the order in question has been, or is to be, made.

(7) Where any land is damaged in the exercise of a power of entry conferred in pursuance of an authority given under this section, or in the making of any survey for the purpose of which any such power of entry has been conferred—

(a) in a case falling within subsection (1)(a) to (c) above in respect of the CAA , the CAA ,

(aa) in a case falling within subsection (1)(a) to (c) above in respect of a licence holder, the licence holder,

(b) in a case falling within subsection (1)(d) above, the person in respect of whom the order in question has been, or is to be, made,

shall pay such compensation to the persons interested in the land as may be just; and where any dispute arises as to whether compensation is payable under this subsection, or as to the amount of any such compensation or as to the persons to whom it is payable, the dispute shall be referred to and determined by the appropriate tribunal.

Supplemental

51

(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the compensation to be paid to a statutory undertaker—

(a) in respect of the compulsory purchase in pursuance of this Part of this Act, otherwise than under section 30, of any land held by the undertaker for the purposes of the carrying on of his undertaking,

(b) in respect of the creation, by virtue of an order made under this Part of this Act, otherwise than under section 30 above, of any easement or servitude over any such land or of any other right in or in relation to any such land,

(c) in respect of any direction under section 46 above which affects any building, structure or apparatus held or used by him for the purposes of his undertaking, or which affects any of his rights to install or maintain apparatus for those purposes or which affects any right of way enjoyed by him for those purposes,

shall, in default of agreement, be assessed by the appropriate tribunal; but this subsection shall not apply to any compensation payable by virtue of section 42 above.

(2) Subject to those provisions, the amount of any compensation payable as mentioned in subsection (1) above shall be an amount calculated in accordance with the following enactments, that is to say—

(a) if the land is in England and Wales, section 280(2) to (5), (7) and (8) of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990; and

(b) if the land is in Scotland, section 233(2) to (5), (7) and (8) of the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997.

(3) Subsection (4) below applies in relation to compensation payable as so mentioned in respect of a compulsory purchase.

(4) If, before the expiration of two months from the date on which notice to treat is served in respect of the interest of the person by whom the statutory undertaking is carried on, that person gives notice in writing to the Secretary of State that he elects that as respects all or any of the land comprised in the purchase the compensation shall be ascertained in accordance with the enactments, other than Rule (5) of the Rules set out in section 5 of the Land Compensation Act 1961 and section 12(1) of the Land Compensation (Scotland) Act 1963, which would be applicable apart from subsection (2) above, the compensation shall be so ascertained.

(5) Subsections (2) to (5), (7) and (8) of the said section 280 andsubsections (2) to (5), (7) and (8) of the said section 233 shall have effect for the purposes of this section with the following modifications, that is to say—

(a) in subsection (2)(c) of the said section 280 the words “is under section 279(2) or (3) of this Act and” and in subsection (2)(c) of the said section 233 the words “is under section 232(2) or (3) of this Act and” shall be omitted;

(b) after subsection (2)(c) of each of the said sections there shall be inserted the following paragraph:—

(d) in respect of the imposition of a requirement to demolish a building or structure either wholly or in part, any expense reasonably incurred by the person carrying on the undertaking in complying with the requirement, reduced by the value to that person of any materials derived from the demolished building or structure, or from the demolished part of the building or structure, as the case may be;

;

(c) in subsection (8) of the said section 280 and subsection (8) of the said section 233 any reference to the imposition of a requirement shall include a reference to anything which may be done by virtue of an order made, otherwise than by virtue of section 42 above, under this Part of this Act.

(6) The preceding provisions of this section as to the assessment of compensation shall not have effect—

(a) in the case of the compulsory purchase of land, unless the Secretary of State has, upon a representation made to him before the expiration of the time within which objections may be made to the compulsory purchase order, certified that the land is in respect of its nature or situation of such a kind that it is comparable less with the generality of land than with land held for the purpose of the carrying on of statutory undertakings;

(b) in the case of the creation of any easement or servitude over land or any other right in or in relation to land, unless the Secretary of State has, upon a representation made to him before the expiration of the time within which objections may be made to the order providing for the creation of that easement, servitude or right, certified that the land in question is of such a kind as aforesaid; and

(c) in the case of any direction which affects a building or structure, unless the Secretary of State has, upon a representation made to him before the expiration of the time within which an application may be made to the court with respect to the direction in accordance with the provisions of Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act, certified that the building or structure is in respect of its nature or situation comparable less with the generality of buildings or structures than with buildings or structures held for the purpose of the carrying on of statutory undertakings.

(7) Schedule 10 to this Act (which broadly corresponds to sections 275 to 277 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 and sections 228 to 230 of the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997) shall have effect for the purpose of making any adjustments of the functions of statutory undertakers which may be necessary in consequence of the provisions of this Part of this Act; but in that Schedule references to an order made or proposed to be made in pursuance of this Part of the Act—

(a) shall, in relation to an order for the compulsory purchase of land by the CAA or a licence holder, have effect as references to an order confirmed or, as the case may be, proposed to be confirmed by the Secretary of State; but

(b) shall be deemed not to include a reference to an order made or, as the case may be, proposed to be made in pursuance of section 30 above or under any enactment conferring a power exercisable by statutory instrument.

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(1) This section applies where—

(a) the Secretary of State has acquired land for purposes connected with the exercise of his functions relating to civil aviation;

(b) the Secretary of State (in a case not falling within paragraph (a) above) or the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland has acquired land in pursuance of this Part of this Act;

(ca) a licence holder has acquired land for purposes connected with the carrying out of the activities authorised by the licence;

(d) the Secretary of State gives a direction in relation to any land in pursuance of an order made under section 46(1) above;

and the use of the land by the person who has acquired it for the purpose for which he acquired it or, as the case may be, the execution of the direction will involve the displacement of persons residing in premises on the land.

(2) Where this section applies, the following, that is to say—

(a) in a case falling within paragraph (a), (b) , (c) or (ca) of subsection (1) above, the person who has acquired the land,

(b) in a case falling within paragraph (d) of that subsection where the person in respect of whom the order was made is the Secretary of State or Eurocontrol, the Secretary of State, and

shall be under a duty, in so far as there is no other residential accommodation available on reasonable terms to the persons who require it in consequence of the displacement, being residential accommodation suitable to the reasonable requirements of those persons, to secure the provision of such accommodation.

(3) A person required under subsection (2) above to secure the provision of accommodation shall secure its provision in advance of the displacement unless—

(a) in a case falling within paragraph (a), (c) , (ca) or (d) of subsection (1) above, the Secretary of State is satisfied that for reasons of exceptional public importance it is essential that the displacement should be effected before such accommodation as aforesaid can be found; or

(b) in a case falling within paragraph (b) of that subsection, the Secretary of State or, as the case may be, the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland is so satisfied.

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(1) A local planning authority (in this section referred to as “a planning authority”) shall be entitled to recover from the relevant person a sum equal to any compensation which the planning authority has become liable to pay, if—

(a) it has become so liable under section 107, 108, . . .144(2) or 279(1) of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 or section 76, 77, 95(2) or 232(1) of the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 (which relate to compensation for certain planning restrictions, for purchase notices which do not take effect and in respect of undertakers’ operational land); and

(b) the liability is attributable to a planning decision which would not have been taken, or, in the case of compensation under the said section 107 or the said section 76 to an order under section 97 of the said Act of 1990 or section 65 of the said Act of 1997 which would not have been made, but for the need—

(i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) to secure the safe and efficient operation of apparatus which is in the possession of a licence holder and is provided for the purpose of the activities authorised by the licence.

(2) Where a sum equal to any compensation is payable or paid to a planning authority in pursuance of subsection (1) above, the planning authority shall refund to the person who paid that sum any amount received by the planning authority in respect of the compensation under sections 111 and 112 of the said Act of 1990 or section 82 of the said Act of 1997 (which relate to the recovery of compensation on subsequent development).

(3) Where a purchase notice is served under section 137 of the said Act of 1990 or section 88 of the said Act of 1997 in respect of a planning decision which would not have been taken but for a need referred to in subsection (1)(b)(iii), any local authority who are deemed under section 139(3) or 143(1) of the said Act of 1990 or section 90(3) or 94(1) of the said Act of 1997 to have served a notice to treat in respect of the interest to which the purchase notice relates may, by notice in writing given to the relevant person not later than one month from the time when the amount of compensation payable by the local authority for the interest is agreed or determined, require the relevant person to purchase the interest from the local authority for a sum equal to the amount of compensation so agreed or determined.

(4) Where a notice in writing is given to the relevant person under subsection (3) above, the relevant person shall, subject to any agreement between it and the local authority, be deemed to have contracted with the local authority to purchase the interest at that price.

(5) Any dispute as to whether a planning decision would not have been taken or an order under the said section 97 or the said section 65 would not have been made but for such a need as is mentioned in subsection (1) above shall be referred to and determined by the Secretary of State.

(6) In the preceding provisions of this section “planning decision” means a decision made on an application under Part III of the said Act of 1990 or Part III of the said Act of 1997; and references in those provisions to a local planning authority include, in relation to England and Wales, references to any authority to whom functions of a local planning authority are delegated.

(7) Where by reason of a planning decision taken under the Planning Acts (Northern Ireland) 1931 and 1944 by a planning authority in Northern Ireland or under the Planning Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 by the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland or the Planning Appeals Commission—

(a) the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland becomes liable to pay compensation to any person; and

(b) the decision would not have been taken but for the need to secure the safe and efficient operation of apparatus which is in the possession of a licence holder and is provided for the purpose of the activities authorised by the licence,

the Department shall be entitled to recover from the licence holder a sum equal to that compensation.

(8) Where a sum equal to any compensation is payable or paid to the said Department in pursuance of subsection (7) above, the Department shall pay the licence holder any amount received by the Department in respect of the compensation under section 24 of the Land Development Values (Compensation) Act (Northern Ireland) 1965 (which relates to the recovery of compensation on subsequent development).

(9) In subsection (7) above, “planning decision” includes a revocation or modification of planning permission under section 3 of the Planning (Interim Development) Act (Northern Ireland) 1944.

(10) The relevant person for the purposes of this section is—

(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) in a case to which subsection (1)(b)(iii) applies, the licence holder.

Consecrated land and burial grounds.

54

(1) Subject to subsection (2) below, sections 238 to 240 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 and section 197 of the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 (consecrated land and burial grounds) shall have effect in relation—

(a) to land acquired by the Secretary of State for purposes connected with the exercise of his functions relating to civil aviation, and

(b) to land acquired by the Secretary of State in pursuance of this Part of this Act and otherwise than as mentioned in paragraph (a) above,

as if the Secretary of State had acquired that land under Part IX of the said Act of 1990 or, as the case may be, Part VIII of the said Act of 1997.

(2) The said sections 238 to 240and 197 shall have effect in relation to any land—

(a) acquired by the CAA, or

(b) acquired by a licence holder for purposes connected with the carrying out of the activities authorised by the licence,

as they have effect in relation to land acquired by statutory undertakers under Part IX of the said Act of 1990 or, as the case may be, Part VIII of the said Act of 1997.

55

(1) The following shall be local land charges in England and Wales:—

(a) a right in or in relation to land granted or agreed to be granted on or after 25th October 1968 and enforceable by virtue of section 43 above;

(b) the following instruments when operative that is to say

(i) an order under section 44 above;

(ii) an order under section 45 above, other than an order for the imposition of prohibitions or restrictions on the use of water; and

(iii) an order under section 46(1) above or any direction given under such an order.

(2) A grant or agreement made as respects land in Scotland shall not be enforceable by virtue of section 43 above against a third party who shall have in good faith and for value acquired a right (whether completed by infeftment or not) to the land prior to the grant or agreement being registered in the Land Register of Scotland or against any person deriving title from such third party.

(3) In Scotland where any such instrument as is mentioned in subsection (1)(b) above becomes operative it shall be registered as a deed in the said Land Register, and on being so registered shall be enforceable against any person having or subsequently acquiring any estate or interest , and on being registered shall be enforceable against any person having or subsequently acquiring any right in the land to which the order or direction relates.

(4) For the purposes of the recording of a deed in the Register of Sasines under section 8 of the Land Registration (Scotland) Act 1979 or of the application of subsection (2) or (3) above in relation to any area in respect of which section 29(2) of that Act (modification of references to Register of Sasines) is not yet in force, any reference in subsections (2) and (3) above to the registration of any grant, agreement or instrument in the Land Register of Scotland shall have effect as a reference to the recording of the grant, agreement or instrument in the Register of Sasines.

References in—

(a) subsection (2) above to registering a grant or agreement, or

(b) subsection (3) above to registering an instrument,

are to registering it in the Land Register of Scotland or, as the case may be, to recording it in the Register of Sasines.

(5) A right in or in relation to land in Northern Ireland granted or agreed to be granted to the CAA or a licence holder shall not be enforceable by virtue of section 43 above against a purchaser for money or money’s worth of any estate or interest in the land to which the grant or agreement in question relates unless before the completion of the purchase the grant or agreement is registered in the Statutory Charges Register pursuant to Part X of the Land Registration Act (Northern Ireland) 1970; and accordingly such a grant or agreement shall be included among the matters which are required to be registered in that Register.

(6) Where any such instrument as is mentioned in subsection (1)(b) above adversely affects land in Northern Ireland, then—

(a) if the land is registered land to which the Land Registration Act (Northern Ireland) 1970 applies, the instrument on the lodgment by the relevant authority of a copy thereof with the Registrar of Titles shall, notwithstanding anything in the said Act or rules made thereunder, be registered as a burden affecting the land and created after the first registration of the land, and may be so registered without the concurrence of the registered owner of the land or the production of the land certificate, without prejudice, however, to the power of the registering authority to order the production of the land certificate; and

(b) if the land is not registered land to which that Act applies, the instrument shall, on lodgment by the relevant authority of a copy thereof with the Registrar of Deeds for Northern Ireland, be registered in the Registry of Deeds, Northern Ireland, as an instrument affecting the lands to which the instrument relates.

(7) In subsection (6) above “the relevant authority” means—

(a) in the case of an order under section 44 above—

(i) if the order is made in favour of the Secretary of State or Eurocontrol, the Secretary of State; . . .

(ii) if the order is made in favour of the CAA, the CAA; and

(iii) if the order is made in favour of a licence holder, the licence holder; and

(b) in the case of an order under section 45 above , the Secretary of State

(i) if the order is made in respect of the CAA, the CAA;

(ia) if the order is made in respect of a licence holder, the licence holder;

and

(ii) in any other case, the Secretary of State.

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(1) Any notice required to be served on any person for the purposes of any provision to which this section applies may be served on him either by delivering it to him or by leaving it at his proper address, or by post, so however that the notice shall not be duly served by post unless it is sent by registered letter or by the recorded delivery service.

(2) Any such notice required to be served upon an incorporated company or body shall be duly served if it is served on the secretary or clerk of the company or body.

(3) For the purposes of this section and of section 7 of the Interpretation Act 1978, the proper address of any person upon whom any such notice is to be served shall, in the case of the secretary or clerk of any incorporated company or body, be that of the registered or principal office of the company or body and in any other case be the last known address of the person to be served, except that, where the person to be served has furnished an address for service, that address shall be his proper address for those purposes.

(4) If it is not practicable after reasonable inquiry to ascertain the name or address of any owner, lessee or occupier of land on whom any such notice is to be served, the notice may be served by addressing it to him by the description of “owner”, “lessee” or “occupier” of the land (describing it) to which the notice relates, and by delivering it to some person on the premises or, if there is no person on the premises to whom it can be delivered, by affixing it, or a copy of it, to some conspicuous part of the premises.

(5) In the application to Scotland of any provision to which this section applies and which requires notice to be served on the owners, lessees or occupiers of any land, that requirement shall be deemed to be complied with if notice is served on all the persons appearing from the valuation roll to have an interest in the land, and any reference in this Part of this Act to “owners”, “lessees” or “occupiers” shall be construed accordingly.

(6) Service of a notice under subsection (5) above on any person appearing from the valuation roll to have an interest in land may be effected by sending the notice either—

(a) in a registered letter addressed to him at his address as entered in that roll; or

(b) by the recorded delivery service to him at that address.

(7) This section applies to any provision of this Part of this Act except section 42 above and so much of section 50 above as relates to the service of a notice under the said section 50 otherwise than by the Secretary of State.

(8) In this section “owner”—

(a) in relation to any land in England and Wales, means a person, other than a mortgagee not in possession, who is for the time being entitled to dispose of the fee simple of the land, whether in possession or in reversion, and includes also a person holding or entitled to the rents and profits under a lease or agreement, the unexpired term whereof exceeds three years;

(b) in relation to any land in Scotland or Northern Ireland, includes any person who under the Lands Clauses Acts would be enabled to sell and convey the land to the promotors of an undertaking and includes also a lessee under a lease the unexpired period of which exceeds three years.

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(1) Any two justices of the peace may appoint such persons as may be nominated for the purpose by the Secretary of State to be special constables on any premises for the time being vested in or under the control of the Secretary of State.

(2) Every person so appointed shall be sworn in by the justices duly to execute the office of a constable on those premises and when so sworn in shall, on those premises, have the powers and privileges and be liable to the duties and responsibilities of a constable.

(3) Special constables appointed under this section shall be under the exclusive control of the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of State shall have power to suspend or terminate the appointment of any such special constable.

(4) In the application of this section to Scotland references to two justices of the peace shall be construed as references to a single justice of the peace, and references to swearing in shall be construed as references to making a declaration in the terms prescribed under section 10 of the Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012.

58

59

(1) Any expenses incurred by the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland under this Part of this Act shall, to such extent as the Treasury may direct, be defrayed by the Secretary of State.

(2) Stamp duty shall not be payable on any conveyance of land, or on any instrument creating or disposing of any right in or in relation to land being a conveyance or instrument to which the Secretary of State is a party if he certifies that the duty would fall to be defrayed as part of his expenses and either—

(a) that the expenses as part of which the duty would fall to be defrayed are his expenses in connection with the performance of his functions relating to civil aviation; or

(b) in a case not falling within paragraph (a) above of a conveyance of land, that the conveyance is made for the purpose of this Part of this Act.

(3) Stamp duty shall not be payable on any conveyance of land to which the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland is a party if that Department certifies that the conveyance is made for the purpose of this Part of this Act and that the duty would fall to be defrayed as part of that Department’s expenses.

Part III — Regulation of Civil Aviation

General

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(1) Subject to section 11(7) above, Her Majesty may by Order in Council under this section (in this Act referred to as “an Air Navigation Order”) make such provision as is authorised by subsections (2) and (3) below or otherwise by this Act or any other enactment.

(2) An Air Navigation Order may contain such provision as appears to Her Majesty in Council to be requisite or expedient—

(a) for carrying out the Chicago Convention, any Annex thereto relating to international standards and recommended practices (being an Annex adopted in accordance with the Convention) and any amendment of the Convention or any such Annex made in accordance with the Convention; or

(b) generally for regulating air navigation.

(3) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (2) above or to any other provision of this Act, an Air Navigation Order may contain provision—

(a) as to the registration of aircraft in the United Kingdom;

(b) for prohibiting aircraft from flying unless certificates of airworthiness issued or validated under the Order are in force with respect to them and except upon compliance with such conditions as to maintenance or repair as may be specified in the Order;

(c) for the licensing, inspection and regulation of aerodromes, for access to aerodromes and places where aircraft have landed, for access to aircraft factories for the purpose of inspecting work therein carried on in relation to aircraft or parts thereof and for prohibiting or regulating the use of unlicensed aerodromes;

(d) for prohibiting persons from engaging in, or being employed in or (except in the maintenance at unlicensed aerodromes of aircraft not used for or in connection with commercial, industrial or other gainful purposes) in connection with, air navigation in such capacities as may be specified in the Order except in accordance with provisions in that behalf contained in the Order, and for the licensing of those employed at aerodromes licensed under the Order in the inspection or supervision of aircraft;

(e) as to the conditions under which, and in particular the aerodromes to or from which, aircraft entering or leaving the United Kingdom may fly, and as to the conditions under which aircraft may fly from one part of the United Kingdom to another;

(f) as to the conditions under which passengers . . . may be carried by air and under which aircraft may be used for other commercial, industrial or gainful purposes, . . .

(ff) as to the conditions under which goods may be carried by air, for prohibiting the carriage by air of goods of such classes as may be specified in the Order, and for conferring, on such persons as may be so specified, powers relating to the enforcement of any such condition or prohibition (including powers to examine, take samples of, seize and detain any goods, powers to open any baggage or packages containing goods or to require them to be opened and powers to require the production of any documents);

(g) for minimizing or preventing interference with the use or effectiveness of apparatus used in connection with air navigation, and for prohibiting or regulating the use of such apparatus as aforesaid and the display of signs and lights liable to endanger aircraft;

(h) generally for securing the safety, efficiency and regularity of air navigation and the safety of aircraft and of persons and property carried therein, for preventing aircraft endangering other persons and property and, in particular, for the detention of aircraft for any of the purposes specified in this paragraph;

(ha) for safeguarding the health of persons on board aircraft;

(i) for requiring persons engaged in, or employed in or in connection with, air navigation to supply meteorological information for the purposes of air navigation;

(j) for regulating the making of signals and other communications by or to aircraft and persons carried therein;

(k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(l) for prohibiting aircraft from flying over such areas in the United Kingdom as may be specified in the Order;

(m) for applying, adapting or modifying the enactments for the time being in force relating to customs or excise in relation to aerodromes and to aircraft and to persons and property carried therein and for preventing smuggling by air, and for permitting in connection with air navigation, subject to such conditions as appear to Her Majesty in Council to be requisite or expedient for the protection of the revenue, the importation of goods into the United Kingdom without payment of duty;

(n) as to the manner and conditions of the issue, validation, renewal, extension or variation of any certificate, licence or other document required by the Order (including the examinations and tests to be undergone), and as to the form, custody, production, cancellation, suspension, endorsement and surrender of any such document;

(o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(p) for specifying, subject to the consent of the Treasury, the fees to be paid in respect of the issue, validation, renewal, extension or variation of any certificate, licence or other document or the undergoing of any examination or test required by the Order and in respect of any other matters in respect of which it appears to Her Majesty in Council to be expedient for the purpose of the Order to charge fees:

(q) for exempting from the provisions of the Order or any of them any aircraft or persons or classes of aircraft or persons;

(r) for prohibiting aircraft from taking off or landing in the United Kingdom unless there are in force in respect of those aircraft such certificates of compliance with standards as to noise as may be specified in the Order and except upon compliance with the conditions of those certificates; and

(s) for regulating or prohibiting the flight of aircraft over the United Kingdom at speeds in excess of Flight Mach 1.

(4) An Air Navigation Order may make different provision with respect to different classes of aircraft, aerodromes, persons or property and with respect to different circumstances and with respect to different parts of the United Kingdom but shall, so far as practicable, be so framed as not to discriminate in like circumstances between aircraft registered in the United Kingdom operated on charter terms by one air transport undertaking and such aircraft so operated by another such undertaking.

(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(6) In this section a reference to goods shall include a reference to mails or animals.

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(1) An Air Navigation Order may, for the purpose of securing compliance with its provisions, provide—

(a) subject to subsection (2) below, for persons to be guilty of offences in such circumstances as may be specified in the Order and to be liable on conviction of those offences to such penalties as may be so specified; and

(b) in the case of a provision having effect by virtue of paragraph (l) of subsection (3) of section 60 above, for the taking of such steps (including firing on aircraft) as may be specified in the Order.

(2) The power conferred by virtue of subsection (1)(a) above shall not include power—

(a) to provide for offences to be triable only on indictment;

(b) to authorise the imposition, on summary conviction of any offence, of any term of imprisonment or of a fine exceeding the statutory maximum;

(c) to authorise the imposition, on conviction on indictment of an offence, of a term of imprisonment exceeding two years.

(2A) Subsection (2)(c) above shall have effect with the substitution of five years for “two years” in the case of a provision about endangering an aircraft or a person in an aircraft.

(3) Without prejudice to section 127(2) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 or to Article 19(2) of the Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (no time limit for offences triable either way), summary proceedings for an offence against an Air Navigation Order,or any regulations made by virtue of such an Order, may be instituted at any time within twelve months from the commission of the offence if—

(a) it was committed in connection with the flight of an aircraft in the course of which an accident occurred; and

(b) not more than six months after the commission of the offence—

(i) public notice has been given that an investigation into the accident is being carried out in accordance with regulations under section 75 below; or

(ii) the Secretary of State (acting alone or with any government department) has directed that a public inquiry into the accident be held in accordance with those regulations.

(4) In subsection (3) above “accident” has the same meaning as it has for the time being for the purposes of section 75 below; and for the purposes of that subsection, the flight of an aircraft shall be deemed to include any period from the moment when the power is applied for the purpose of the aircraft taking off on a flight until the moment when the landing run (if any) at the termination of that flight ends.

(5) The fact that any such direction as is mentioned in subsection (3)(b)(ii) above has been given on any date may be proved by the production of a certificate to that effect purporting to be signed by an officer of the Secretary of State.

(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(7) There shall be paid out of moneys provided by Parliament—

(a) any sums payable by Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom by way of contribution to the expenses of the International Civil Aviation Organisation under the Chicago Convention;

(b) such expenses of any delegate, representative or nominee of Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom appointed for any purposes connected with the Chicago Convention as may be approved by the Treasury; and

(c) any expenses incurred by Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom for the purposes of Chapter XV of the Chicago Convention (which relates to the provision of airports and other air navigation facilities).

(8) There shall be paid into the Consolidated Fund—

(a) all sums received by Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom by way of repayment of expenses incurred for the purposes of the said Chapter XV; and

(b) all sums received by way of fees paid under an Air Navigation Order.

War and emergencies

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63

Air transport, etc.

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(1) No aircraft shall be used for the carriage for reward of passengers or cargo on a flight to which this subsection applies unless—

(a) the operator of the aircraft holds a licence granted to him by the CAA in pursuance of section 65 below (in this Act referred to as an “air transport licence”) authorising him to operate aircraft on such flights as the flight in question; and

(b) the terms of the licence are complied with so far as they relate to that flight and fall to be complied with before or during the flight.

(2) Subsection (1) above applies to any flight in any part of the world by an aircraft registered in the United Kingdom and to any flight beginning or ending in the United Kingdom by an aircraft registered in a relevant overseas territory . . ., except that it does not apply to—

(a) a flight of a description specified in an instrument made by the CAA for the purposes of this paragraph and in force in accordance with subsection (3) below;

(b) a particular flight or series of flights specified in an instrument made by the CAA for the purposes of this paragraph;

(d) a flight for the undertaking of carriage by air for which a valid operating licence issued in accordance with the Operation of Air Services in the Community Regulation is required.

(3) An instrument made in pursuance of paragraph (a) of subsection (2) above shall not come into force until it is published in the prescribed manner, and it shall be the duty of the CAA forthwith after making an instrument in pursuance of paragraph (b) of that subsection to publish the instrument in the prescribed manner; and an instrument made in pursuance of paragraph (a) or (b) of that subsection may be revoked or varied by a subsequent instrument made in pursuance of that paragraph.

(4) Where an aircraft is used for the carriage of passengers or cargo in pursuance of an arrangement made between a member of an incorporated or unincorporated body of persons and that body or another member of it, then, if by reason of relationships arising from membership of the body the carriage is not apart from this subsection carriage for reward, it shall be treated for the purposes of this section as carriage for reward.

(5) Where an aircraft is used on a flight in contravention of subsection (1) above or, after an aircraft has been used in pursuance of an air transport licence on a flight to which that subsection applies, any term of the licence relating to the flight and falling to be complied with at or after the end of the flight by the operator of the aircraft or by another person who made available such accommodation as is mentioned in paragraph (b) of this subsection is contravened, then—

(a) if before the flight began the operator of the aircraft knew or ought to have known that the use of the aircraft on that flight was likely to be in contravention of that subsection or, as the case may be, that the term in question was likely to be contravened, he shall be guilty of an offence under this subsection; and

(b) if any other person, either by negotiating a contract or otherwise howsoever, made available accommodation for the carriage of passengers or cargo on the aircraft on the flight when he knew or ought to have known before the flight began that the acommodation was likely to be provided on an aircraft when used on a flight in contravention of the said subsection (1) or, as the case may be, that such a term as the term in question was likely to be contravened, that person shall be guilty of an offence under this subsection;

but a person shall not (except in pursuance of section 99(1) below or the law relating to persons who aid, abet, counsel or procure the commission of offences) be guilty of an offence by virtue of paragraph (b) above in consequence of the contravention by another person of a term of a licence.

(6) For the purpose of determining in pursuance of subsection (5) above whether an offence relating to a flight has been committed by the operator of the aircraft used on the flight, it is immaterial that the relevant contravention mentioned in that subsection occurred outside the United Kingdom if when it occurred the operator—

(a) was a United Kingdom national, or

(b) was a body incorporated under the law of any part of the United Kingdom or the law of a relevant overseas territory . . ., or

(c) was a person (other than a United Kingdom national or such a body) maintaining a place of business in the United Kingdom;

and for the purpose of determining in pursuance of that subsection whether an offence relating to a flight has been committed by a person who made available such accommodation as is mentioned in that subsection it is immaterial that the relevant contravention there mentioned occurred outside the United Kingdom and that at any relevant time that person was not a United Kingdom national or such a body as aforesaid if any part of the negotiations resulting in the making available of the accommodation in question took place, whether by means of the post or otherwise, in the United Kingdom.

(7) Where the CAA has reason to believe that an aircraft is intended to be used in contravention of subsection (1) above on a particular flight beginning in the United Kingdom or that any term of an air transport licence relating to such a flight and falling to be complied with at or after the end of the flight may not be complied with, the CAA may—

(a) give to the person appearing to it to be in command of the aircraft a direction that he shall not permit the aircraft to take off until it has informed him that the direction is cancelled;

(b) whether or not it has given such a direction, detain the aircraft until it is satisfied that the aircraft will not be used on the flight in contravention of the said subsection (1) or, as the case may be, that the term aforesaid will be complied with;

and a person who fails to comply with a direction given to him in pursuance of this subsection shall be guilty of an offence under this subsection.

(8) A person guilty of an offence under subsection (5) or (7) above shall be liable—

(a) on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum; and

(b) on conviction on indictment, to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both.

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(1) An application for the grant of an air transport licence must be made in writing to the CAA and contain such particulars with respect to such matters as the CAA may specify in a notice published in the prescribed manner; and where an application is made for the grant of an air transport licence the CAA shall either grant a licence to the applicant in the terms requested in the application or in those terms with such modifications as the CAA thinks fit or refuse to grant a licence.

(2) The CAA shall refuse to grant an air transport licence in pursuance of an application if it is not satisfied that —

(a) the applicant is, having regard to—

(i) his and his employees’ experience in the field of aviation and his and their past activities generally, and

(ii) where the applicant is a body corporate, the experience in the field of aviation and the past activities generally of the persons appearing to the CAA to control that body,

a fit person to operate aircraft under the authority of the licence which, apart from this subsection, the CAA considers should be granted to him in pursuance of the application; or

(b) the resources of the applicant and the financial arrangements made by him are adequate for discharging his actual and potential obligations in respect of the business activities in which he is engaged (if any) and in which he may be expected to engage if he is granted the licence which, apart from this subsection, the CAA connsiders should be granted to him in pursuance of the application.

(3) If the CAA is not satisfied that an applicant for an air transport licence is—

(a) a United Kingdom national; or

(b) a body which is incorporated under the law of any part of the United Kingdom or the law of a relevant overseas territory . . . and is controlled by United Kingdom nationals,

it shall refuse to grant a licence in pursuance of his application unless the Secretary of State consents to the grant of the licence; and where the CAA proposes to refuse to grant a licence by reason only of the preceding provisions of this subsection it shall be the duty of the CAA to give the Secretary of State notice of the proposal and to postpone its decision on the application until the Secretary of State’s consent is given or refused.

(4) Nothing in the provisions of subsections (2) and (3) above shall be construed as prejudicing the CAA’s power in its discretion to refuse an air transport licence otherwise than in pursuance of any of those provisions.

(5) An air transport licence may contain such terms as the CAA thinks fit; and (without prejudice to the generality of the CAA’s power to decide those terms) the terms may—

(a) be or include terms settled by a person other than the CAA and include provision for any of the terms to have effect with such modifications as the CAA or another person may from time to time determine; and

(b) include terms as to the charges which are to be made and the goods, services and other benefits which are and are not to be furnished by any person whatsoever under or in connection with any contract which includes provision for the making available of accommodation on flights to which the licence relates.

(6) If the holder of a current air transport licence applies for the grant of another air transport licence in continuation of or in substitution for the current licence and does so not later than such time before the expiration of the term of the current licence as the CAA may specify in a notice published in the prescribed manner, then, unless the appliction is withdrawn and without prejudice to the CAA’s power to revoke, suspend or vary the current licence, the current licence shall not cease to be in force by reason only of the expiration of that term—

(a) until the CAA gives its decision on the application;

(b) if in pursuance of the application the CAA decides to refuse a licence or to grant a licence otherwise than in the terms requested in the application, until the expiration of the time during which an appeal to the Secretary of State against the decision may be brought in pursuance of regulations made by virtue of section 67(5) below and, if such an appeal is brought, until the appeal is determined or abandoned;

(c) if such an appeal against a decision to refuse a licence or to grant one otherwise than in the terms aforesaid is successful, until the date when the licence granted in consequence of the appeal comes into force.

(7) A notice published in pursuance of subsection (1) or subsection (6) above may be altered or cancelled by subsequent notice published in pursuance of that subsection.

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(1) An application for the revocation, suspension or variation of an air transport licence may be made to the CAA at any time by a person of a prescribed description.

(2) The CAA may at any time revoke, suspend or vary an air transport licence if it considers it appropriate to do so, whether or not an application with respect to the licence has been made in pursuance of subsection (1) above.

(3) It shall be the duty of the CAA to revoke or suspend or vary an air transport licence (whichever it thinks appropriate in the circumstances) if it is not or is no longer satisfied—

(a) that the holder of the licence is, having regard to—

(i) his and his employees’ experience in the field of aviation and his and their past activities generally, and

(ii) where the holder of the licence is a body corporate, the experience in the field of aviation and the past activities generally of the persons appearing to the CAA to control that body,

a fit person to operate aircraft under the authority of the licence; or

(b) that the resources of the holder of the licence and the financial arrangements made by him are adequate for discharging his actual and potential obligations in respect of the business activities in which he is engaged;

and if the CAA has reason to believe that the holder of a licence is neither a United Kingdom national nor such a body as is mentioned in paragraph (b) of subsection (3) of section 65 above it shall be the duty of the CAA to inform the Secretary of State accordingly and, if he so directs, to revoke the licence.

(4) The provisions of subsections (2) and (3) above conferring on the CAA power to suspend an air transport licence shall be construed as conferring on the CAA power to provide, by a notice in writing served in the prescribed manner on the holder of the licence, that subject to subsection (5) below the licence shall not be effective during a period specified in the notice; and while a licence is ineffective by virtue of such a notice the CAA may, by a further notice in writing served in the prescribed manner on the holder of the licence, provide that the licence shall be effective on and after a date specified in the further notice, but the further notice shall not prejudice the CAA’s powers to suspend the licence again or to revoke or vary it.

(5) Subject to subsection (6) below, if a licence is revoked, suspended or varied by the CAA otherwise than on the application of the holder of the licence and otherwise than in consequence of a direction given in pursuance of subsection (3) above, the revocation, suspension or variation shall not take effect before the expiration of the period prescribed in pursuance of subsection (5) of section 67 below for the bringing of an appeal against the CAA’s decision nor, if such an appeal is brought during that period, before the determination or abandonment of the appeal.

(6) Notwithstanding anything in subsection (5) above, the CAA may—

(a) direct that so much of the variation of a licence as relates to any tariff provision of the licence,

(b) with the consent of the holder of the licence, direct that so much of the variation of a licence as relates to any other matter,

shall to a specified extent take effect on a specified day earlier than is permitted by that subsection.

In this subsection “tariff provision” means, in relation to any licence, any term of that licence being a term such as is mentioned in section 65(5)(b) above.

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(1) Regulations made by the Secretary of State may make provision as to the circumstances in which an air transport licence shall or may be transferred or treated as if granted to a person other than the person to whom it was granted.

(2) Where the CAA takes a decision to grant, refuse to grant, vary, suspend or revoke an air transport licence it shall be the duty of the CAA, subject to subsection (3) below, to furnish a statement of its reasons for the decision to the applicant for the licence or, as the case may be, to the holder or former holder of it and to any other person who in accordance with regulations made by the Secretary of State has entered an objection in the case or requested such a statement, so however that no statement of reasons need be furnished in pursuance of this subsection in a case in which—

(a) no such objection has been entered and no such request has been made; and

(b) the decision is taken in pursuance of, and is in the terms requested in, an application for the grant of a licence or an application by the holder of a licence for the variation, suspension or revocation of it.

(3) If the CAA has reason to believe that the furnishing of a statement reasons in pursuance of subsection (2) above might be contrary to the interests of national security or might affect adversely the relations of the United Kingdom with any other country or territory, it shall be the duty of the CAA to give notice of the case to the Secretary of State and, if he so directs, to refrain from furnishing the statement in question or to exclude from the statement such matter as is specified in the direction; and the CAA may—

(a) refrain from furnishing a statement of reasons in pursuance of subsection (2) above to a person (hereafter in this subsection referred to as a “relevant person”) who is an applicant for or holder or former holder of an air transport licence or has in accordance with regulations made by the Secretary of State entered an objection in the case or requested such a statement, or

(b) exclude matter from a statement furnished in pursuance of that subsection to a relevant person,

if the CAA considers it necessary to do so for the purpose of withholding from the relevant person information which in the opinion of the CAA relates to the commercial or financial affairs of another person and cannot be disclosed to the relevant person without disadvantage to the other person which, by comparison with the advantage to the public and the relevant person of its disclosure to him, is unwarranted.

(4) The CAA may publish in such manner as it thinks fit particulars of, and of its reasons for, any decision taken by it with respect to an air transport licence or an application for such a licence.

(5) The Secretary of State shall make regulations—

(a) conferring on persons of prescribed descriptions a right to appeal to the Secretary of State from any decision of the CAA with respect to or to an application for an air transport licence;

(b) authorising the Secretary of State on such an appeal to direct the CAA to reverse or vary the decision in question and in consequence to do or refrain from doing such other things as may be specified in the direction; and

(c) containing such provisions as the Secretary of State thinks fit with respect to such appeal, which (without prejudice to the generality of the preceding provisions of this paragraph) may include provisions as to—

(i) the time within which an appeal must be brought,

(ii) the persons in addition to the appellant who are to be parties to an appeal, and

(iii) the liability of any of the parties in respect of costs or expenses incurred in connection with an appeal;

and the Secretary of State shall, when considering whether to give a direction in pursuance of regulations made by virtue of paragraph (b) of this subsection and when considering the terms of any such direction, have regard in particular to the duties imposed on the CAA by section 4 above and section 68 below.

(6) A person who, for the purpose of obtaining for himself or another person either an air transport licence or a variation of an air transport licence or the cancellation of the suspension of an air transport licence, knowingly or recklessly furnishes the CAA or the Secretary of State with any information which is false in a material particular shall be guilty of an offence and liable—

(a) on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum; and

(b) on conviction on indictment, to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both.

68

(1) It shall be the duty of the CAA to perform its air transport licensing functions in the manner which it considers is best calculated to ensure that British airlines compete as effectively as possible with other airlines in providing air transport services on international routes; and in performing those functions the CAA shall also have regard—

(a) to any advice received from the Secretary of State with respect to the likely outcome of negotiations with the government of any other country or territory for the purpose of securing any right required for the operation by a British airline of any air transport services outside the United Kingdom; and

(b) to the need to secure the most effective use of airports within the United Kingdom.

(2) In considering whether to grant any air transport licence, it shall be the duty of the CAA to have regard to the effect on existing air transport services provided by British airlines of authorising any new services the applicant proposes to provide under the licence, and in any case where those existing services are similar (in terms of route) to the proposed new services or where two or more applicants have applied for licences under which each proposes to provide similar services, the CAA shall have regard in particular to any benefits which may arise from enabling two or more airlines to provide the services in question.

(3) Subject to section 4 above and to subsections (1) and (2) above, it shall be the duty of the CAA in performing its air transport licensing functions to have regard to the need to minimise so far as reasonably practicable—

(a) any adverse effects on the environment, and

(b) any disturbance to the public,

from noise, vibration, atmospheric pollution or any other cause attributable to the use of aircraft for the purpose of civil aviation.

(4) In addition to the duties with respect to particular matters imposed on the CAA by the preceding provisions of this section, it shall be the duty of the CAA to perform its air transport licensing functions in the manner which it considers is best calculated to impose on the civil air transport industry of the United Kingdom and on the services it provides for users of air transport services the minimum restrictions consistent with the performance by the CAA of its duties under sections 4, 65 and 66 above and the preceding provisions of this section.

(5) In this section—

(a) references to the air transport licensing functions of the CAA are references to its functions under sections 64 to 66 above and any functions conferred on it by regulations made under subsection (1) of section 67 above; and

(b) “British airline” has the same meaning as in section 4(1) above.

69

(1) It shall be the duty of the CAA to publish from time to time a statement of the policies it intends to adopt in performing its functions under sections 64 to 68 above.

(2) If the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to do so, he may by notice in writing require the CAA to publish a statement of the policy it intends to adopt with respect to any particular matter in performing the functions mentioned in subsection (1) above (or any of them); and it shall be the duty of the CAA to publish any statement required by a notice under this subsection within six months of the date of the notice.

(3) Before publishing any statement under this section the CAA shall consult such persons as appear to it to be representative respectively—

(a) of the civil air transport industry of the United Kingdom; and

(b) of users of air transport services.

(4) The manner of publication of any statement under this section shall be as the CAA may determine.

69A

(1) No aircraft shall be used for the carriage for reward of passengers or cargo on a flight to which this subsection applies unless—

(a) the operator of the aircraft holds a licence granted to him by the CAA in pursuance of section 65 as applied by subsection (6) below (in this Act referred to as a “route licence”) authorising him to operate aircraft on such flights as the flight in question; and

(b) the terms of the licence are complied with so far as they relate to that flight and fall to be complied with before or during the flight.

(2) Subsection (1) above applies to any flights to which section 64(1) above applies (apart from the exceptions) where the aircraft is used by a UK air carrier, except that it does not apply to—

(a) a flight of a description specified for the purposes of paragraph (a) of section 64(2) as applied by subsection (6) below;

(b) a particular flight or series of flights specified for the purposes of paragraph (b) of section 64(2) as so applied;

(d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3) No route licence shall be granted by the CAA so as to permit the carriage for reward of passengers or cargo on a route access to which is denied to the aircraft operator concerned by virtue of exceptions contained in article 16 of the Operation of Air Services in the Community Regulation.

(4) The CAA shall refuse to grant a route licence in pursuance of an application under section 65 as applied by subsection (6) below if it is not satisfied that the applicant possesses a valid operating licence.

(5) Where a person holds—

(a) an operating licence granted by the CAA, and

(b) a route licence,

and his operating licence is revoked or suspended by the CAA (and that revocation or suspension takes effect), the route licence shall, as from the date when the revocation or suspension takes effect, cease to be in force or, in the case of suspension, not be effective during the period of suspension of the operating licence.

(6) Subject to subsections (3) to (5) above, sections 64(2)(a), (b) and (c), (3) to (8) and 65 to 69 above shall apply in relation to route licences (and route licensing functions) as they apply in relation to air transport licences (and air transport licensing functions) subject to the modifications specified in subsection (7) below.

(7) Those modifications are—

(a) the omission of section 65(2) and the substitution, for the reference to that subsection in subsection (4), of a reference to subsection (4) above;

(b) the omission of section 66(3) to the end of paragraph (b);

(ca) the following modifications relating to appeals—

(i) the substitution in section 65(6), for paragraphs (a) to (c), of the words until the specified date (see section 69A(7A) below),

(ii) the substitution in section 66(5), for the words from “before the expiration” onwards, of the words before the specified date (see section 69A(7B) below), and

(iii) the omission of section 66(6)(a) and section 67(5);

(d) the substitution, in section 68(5), for the reference to sections 64 to 67, of a reference to this section and those sections as applied by subsection (6) above; and

(e) the substitution, in section 69(1), for the reference to sections 64 to 68, of a reference to this section and those sections as so applied.

(7A) For the purposes of section 65(6) as applied by subsection (6) above, “ the specified date ” means—

(a) such date as is specified by the CAA for those purposes when giving its decision on the application in question, or

(b) such later date as the CAA may specify for those purposes in accordance with subsection (7C) below.

(7B) For the purposes of section 66(5) as applied by subsection (6) above, “ the specified date ” means—

(a) such date as is specified by the CAA for those purposes when giving its decision to revoke, vary or suspend the licence in question, or

(b) such later date as the CAA may specify for those purposes in accordance with subsection (7C) below.

(7C) Where the CAA has specified a date as mentioned in subsection (7A)(a) or (7B)(a) above, it may (on one or more occasions) specify a later date for the purposes mentioned in that subsection if the holder of the licence in question—

(a) makes an application to the CAA for it to specify such a date, and

(b) does so before the date that is currently specified for those purposes.

(8) In this section—

“UK air carrier” has the same meaning as in the Operation of Air Services in the Community Regulation;

“operating licence” means an operating licence granted by the CAA in accordance with the Community licensing Regulation.

70

In the application of sections 4(1) and 68(1) and (2) above in relation to the performance by the CAA of its functions under sections 64 to 68 (but not as applied by section 69A(6)) above with respect to authorising the operation of aircraft on flights—

(a) between the United Kingdom and any relevant overseas territory other than the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man, . . .

(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

the CAA shall treat any undertaking appearing to the CAA to have its principal place of business in that territory . . . as a British airline if it would fall to be so treated but for the situation of its principal place of business.

71

(1) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision so as to secure—

(a) that a person does not in the United Kingdom make available flight accommodation, either as principal or agent, unless the person meets the condition in subsection (1A) or (1B);

(b) that a person does not in the United Kingdom hold himself or herself out as one who may make flight accommodation available, either as principal or agent or without disclosing the person's capacity, unless the person meets the condition in subsection (1A) or (1B);

(c) that a person (“A”) acting as an agent for another person (“B”), in the course of a business carried on by A, does not in the United Kingdom procure flight accommodation on behalf of B unless A meets the condition in subsection (1A);

(d) that a person (“P”) acting in the course of a business carried on by P does not in the United Kingdom facilitate the making available of flight accommodation by another person in circumstances in which one or more prescribed arrangements relating to payment apply, unless P meets the condition in subsection (1A).

(1ZA) Subsection (1) applies to an activity in the European Economic Area by a person established in the United Kingdom as it applies to an activity in the United Kingdom.

(1A) A person meets the condition in this subsection if the person—

(a) holds and acts in accordance with a licence issued in pursuance of the regulations, or

(b) is exempt from the need to hold a licence as a result of provision made by or under the regulations.

(1B) A person meets the condition in this subsection if the person—

(a) is the operator of the aircraft on which flight accommodation is made available, and

(b) in making the flight accommodation available is acting as a flight-only provider.

(1C) The regulations may make provision for the purposes of subsection (1B) about when the operator of an aircraft acts as a flight-only provider.

(1D) The arrangements relating to payment that may be prescribed under subsection (1)(d) are any arrangements under which P makes or receives payment, or facilitates the making or receipt of payment by another person, in connection with the making available of the flight accommodation.

(1E) The provision that may be made under or by virtue of subsection (1A)(b) includes provision granting exemption in relation to cases where the person by whom flight accommodation is or may be made available or procured does not make available or procure any other services.

(2) Regulations made by the Secretary of State for the purposes of subsection (1) above may contain such provisions as the Secretary of State, after consultation with the CAA, considers appropriate for those purposes and may, without prejudice to the generality of the preceding provisions of this subsection, include provision—

(a) as to the circumstances in which licences shall or shall not be issued in pursuance of the regulations;

(b) as to the terms of licences, which may include terms as to goods, services and other benefits which are or are not to be provided by any person in prescribed circumstances;;

(d) for appeals against refusals, variations, suspensions or revocations of licences to lie to a prescribed body or person (which may be a court, a Minister of the Crown, a body or person constituted or appointed by or under the regulations or such other body or person as the Secretary of State thinks fit) and for applying the provisions of any enactment, with or without modifications, in relation to such appeals;

(e) for imposing penalties for contraventions of the regulations not exceeding in the case of each contravention a fine of the statutory maximum on summary conviction and a fine and imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years on conviction on indictment;

(f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision—

(a) imposing requirements to be complied with by persons holding licences issued in pursuance of regulations under subsection (1), or by prescribed descriptions of such persons, which may include requirements as to goods, services or other benefits which are or are not to be provided by any person in prescribed circumstances;

(b) about rights of action in respect of contraventions of requirements imposed by virtue of paragraph (a);

(4) Regulations made by virtue of subsection (3)(c) may not provide for penalties exceeding, in the case of each contravention—

(a) on summary conviction, a fine of the statutory maximum;

(b) on conviction on indictment, a fine and imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years.

(5) In this section “flight accommodation” means accommodation for the carriage of persons on flights in any part of the world.

71A

(1) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision for and in connection with requiring persons applying for licences by virtue of section 71(1) above to make contributions to the Air Travel Trust in relation to the periods for which their licences are to be issued.

(2) The regulations may, in particular, make provision—

(a) prescribing the factors by reference to which such contributions are to be calculated by the CAA (other than the rate by reference to which they are to be so calculated);

(b) authorising the CAA, with the approval of the Secretary of State and after complying with prescribed consultation requirements, to set in respect of different descriptions of persons the rates by reference to which such contributions are to be calculated and the dates from which those rates are to have effect;

(c) requiring contributions to be paid, or undertakings as to payment of contributions to be given, in advance of licences being issued;

(d) requiring licence holders to pay additional amounts by way of contributions where the applicable contribution rate increases during the term of their licences;

(e) requiring additional amounts to be paid by way of contributions, or undertakings as to the payment of such amounts to be given, in advance of licences being varied;

(f) for the CAA, in accordance with the regulations, to reimburse to persons, or credit persons with, amounts paid by them by way of contributions (and for the CAA to exercise in that connection such discretion as is conferred by the regulations);

(g) for contributions that are not paid in accordance with the regulations or any undertaking as to payment to bear interest at the rate specified in the regulations, and for such contributions and interest to be recoverable as debts due to the Air Travel Trust;

(h) for the CAA to act as the agent of the trustees of the Air Travel Trust in collecting and recovering contributions, and for the reimbursement of costs incurred by the CAA in so acting;

(i) for the CAA, after complying with prescribed consultation requirements, to suspend, either generally or in relation to any description of persons, the requirement to make contributions in respect of a period;

(j) for the CAA to exempt persons, or descriptions of persons, from the requirement to make contributions on such conditions as the CAA, after consulting the Secretary of State, thinks fit;

(k) for requiring the CAA to publish prescribed matters in the prescribed manner;

(l) for creating criminal offences to be triable summarily and punishable with a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale or such lower amount as is prescribed.

(3) Regulations under section 71(1) above may authorise the CAA—

(a) to refuse to issue a licence to a person,

(b) to refuse to vary a licence held by a person, or

where that person has failed to comply with a prescribed requirement of regulations under this section or has breached an undertaking given as mentioned in subsection (2)(c) or (e) above.

(4) Section 4 above does not apply in relation to any functions conferred on the CAA by regulations under this section.

(5) In this section and section 71B below the “ Air Travel Trust ” means the trust (as it has effect from time to time) established by that name by a deed dated 5th January 2004 and made between the Secretary of State for Transport and the persons described as the Original Trustees.

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