Landlord and Tenant Act 1985

[^c13240741]: Sch. para. 3 substituted (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.4.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 157, 181(1), Sch. 10 para. 9; S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2)

[^c13240761]: Words in Sch. para. 4(1) substituted (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 157, 181(1), Sch. 10 para. 10(1)(2)(a); S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2)

[^c13240771]: Words in Sch. para. 4(1) substituted (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 157, 181(1), Sch. 10 para. 10(1)(2)(b); S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2)

[^c13240781]: Words in Sch. para. 4(1) substituted (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 157, 181(1), Sch. 10 para. 10(1)(2)(c); S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2)

[^c13240791]: Words in Sch. para. 4(1) substituted (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 157, 181(1), Sch. 10 para. 10(1)(2)(d); S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2)

[^c13240801]: Words in Sch. para. 4(1) substituted (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 157, 181(1), Sch. 10 para. 10(1)(2)(e); S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2)

[^c13240811]: Words in Sch. para. 4(2) substituted (30.9.2003 for W. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 157, 181(1), Sch. 10 para. 10(1)(3)(a); S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2)

[^c13240821]: Words in Sch. para. 4(2) substituted (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 157, 181(1), Sch. 10 para. 10(1)(3)(b); S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2)

[^c13240831]: Sch. para. 4A and preceding sidenote inserted (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 157, 181(1), Sch. 10 para. 11; S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2)

[^c20997551]: Words in heading before Sch. para. 4 repealed (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 180, 181(1), Sch. 14; S.I. 2003/1986, arts. 1(2), 2(c)(iv), Sch. 1 Pt. 2 (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(iv), Sch. 1 Pt. 2 (subject to Sch. 2)

[^c13240851]: Words in Sch. para. 5 substituted (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 157, 181(1), Sch. 10 para. 12; S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2)

[^c20997581]: Words in heading before Sch. para. 5 repealed (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 180, 181(1), Sch. 14; S.I. 2003/1986, arts. 1(2), 2(c)(iv), Sch. 1 Pt. 2 (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(iv), Sch. 1 Pt. 2 (subject to Sch. 2)

[^c13240871]: Words in Sch. para. 6(1) substituted (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 157, 181(1), Sch. 10 para. 13; S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2)

[^c13240861]: Words in heading before Sch. para. 6 substituted (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 157, 181(1), Sch. 10 para. 13; S.I. 2003/1986, arts. 1(2), 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2)

[^c13240891]: Sch. para. 8 substituted (1.9.1997 subject to saving in Sch. para. 1 of S.I. 1997/1851 and otherwise 11.8.1998 subject to art. 3 of S.I. 1998/1768) by 1996 c. 52, s. 83(2); S.I. 1997/1851, art. 2; S.I. 1998/1768, art. 2

[^c13240901]: Words in Sch. para. 8(1)(2) inserted (28.2.2005 for E. and 31.5.2005 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 165(2), 181(1); S.I. 2004/3056, art. 3(d) (subject to art. 4 (as amended by S.I. 2005/193, art. 2)); S.I. 2005/1353, art. 2(d) (subject to art. 3)

[^c13240921]: Words in Sch. para. 8(4) inserted (28.2.2005 for E. and 31.5.2005 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 165(3), 181(1); S.I. 2004/3056, art. 3(d) (subject to art. 4 (as amended by S.I. 2005/193, art. 2)); S.I. 2005/1353, art. 2(d) (subject to art. 3)

[^c20398421]: Sch. para 8(5) repealed ((30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 180, 181(1), Sch. 14; S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(c)(iv), Sch. 1 Pt. 1 (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(iv), Sch. 1 Pt. 1

[^c13241021]: Sch. para. 9(1) amended by Local Government Act 1985 (c. 51, SIF 81:1), s. 57(7), Sch. 13 para. 24 (as substituted by Housing (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985 (c. 71, SIF 61), ss. 4, 5, Sch. 2 para. 61 and as amended by Landlord and Tenant Act 1987 (c. 31, SIF 75:1), s. 61, Sch. 4 para. 3(a)(ii)) Sch. para. 9(1) extended (5.7.1994) by 1994 c. 19, ss. 39, 66(2)(b), Sch. 13 para. 23(c) (with ss. 54(5)(7), 55(5), Sch. 17 paras. 22(1), 23(2)) Sch. para. 9(1) modified (1.4.1995) by S.I. 1995/401, art. 18, Sch. para. 10(c)

[^c13241031]: Words in Sch. para. 9 inserted (23.11.1995) by 1995 c. 25, s. 78, Sch. 10 para. 25(1) (with ss. 7(6), 115, 117, Sch. 8 para. 7); S.I. 1995/2950, art. 2(1)

[^c13241041]: Words in Sch. para. 9(1) inserted (1.10.1998) by 1998 c. 38, s. 129, Sch. 15 para. 14 (with ss. 139(2), 143(2)); S.I. 1998/2244, art. 4

[^c13241051]: Words in Sch. para. 9(1) repealed (1.10.1998) by 1998 c. 38, s. 152, Sch. 18 Pt. IV (with ss. 137(1), 139(2), 143(2)); S.I. 1998/2244, art. 4

[^c13240651]: Sch. modified (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 102, 181(1), Sch. 7 para. 5; S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(a); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(a) Sch. extended to Crown Land (E.) (30.9.2003) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 172, 181(1); S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(c)(ii)(iii) (subject to savings in Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(ii)(iii) (subject to savings in Sch. 2)

[^c13240661]: Sch. added by Landlord and Tenant Act 1987 (c. 31, SIF 75:1), s. 43(2)

[^key-6f977306248281af76248382aa894743]: Words in s. 14(4) inserted (1.4.2010) by The Housing and Regeneration Act 2008 (Consequential Provisions) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/866), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 59 (with art. 6, Sch. 3)

[^key-d6b05eb39a8be2f85008530f950af35f]: Words in s. 26(3)(a) inserted (1.4.2010) by The Housing and Regeneration Act 2008 (Consequential Provisions) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/866), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 60 (with art. 6, Sch. 3)

[^key-07a21d5cab90d64de508a1915085cca7]: Words in s. 14(4) inserted (15.1.2012) by Localism Act 2011 (c. 20), s. 240(1)(l), Sch. 22 para. 21

[^key-d8c207a7cfb2259a65d7dc2e5688dd6c]: Words in s. 38 substituted (16.1.2012) by Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011 (c. 13), s. 157(1), Sch. 16 para. 170; S.I. 2011/3019, art. 3, Sch. 1 (with Sch. 2 para. 49)

[^key-a0fb4776c1125e8ef472c6f61bf29b9f]: S. 13(1A)(1B) inserted (1.4.2012) by Localism Act 2011 (c. 20), ss. 166, 240(2); S.I. 2012/628, art. 6(c) (with arts. 9, 11, 14, 15, 17)

[^key-98475e35de4e25c9339075da5112ee7e]: S. 38(ba) substituted for word (1.4.2012) by Localism Act 2011 (c. 20), s. 240(2), Sch. 19 para. 22; S.I. 2012/628, art. 6(i) (with arts. 9, 11, 14, 15, 17)

[^key-42e6623e74ef51359934f6a66d496efe]: S. 8(2) repealed (1.7.2012) by Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 (c. 9), s. 120, Sch. 2 para. 12(1), Sch. 10 Pt. 2 (with s. 97)

[^key-7597055e448e8dda02371212a638ffba]: Words in s. 20(1)(b) substituted (1.7.2013) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1036), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 50 (with Sch. 3)

[^key-6d6f028d6c9775963b3a9d76a24d3b79]: Words in s. 20C(1) inserted (1.7.2013) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1036), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 52(a) (with Sch. 3)

[^key-a87c84e0b26385e09ad0ffae8779e38c]: S. 20C(2)(ba) inserted (1.7.2013) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1036), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 52(b) (with Sch. 3)

[^key-5e900a9f159dd88489913d274942e877]: Words in s. 20ZA(1) substituted (1.7.2013) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1036), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 51 (with Sch. 3)

[^key-ca569ab5bcdaab9478ed5a21b500ddb5]: Words in s. 21A(4) substituted (1.7.2013) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1036), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 53 (with Sch. 3)

[^key-f04c56f27a3321d33761064f1d84453a]: Words in s. 27A(1) substituted (1.7.2013) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1036), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 54 (with Sch. 3)

[^key-55d0792727959c622f7b5b24b92beeb4]: Words in s. 27A(3) substituted (1.7.2013) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1036), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 54 (with Sch. 3)

[^key-5c8e5bc3985062b562f27899e398aa31]: Words in s. 27A(7) substituted (1.7.2013) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1036), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 54 (with Sch. 3)

[^key-5aaa3ec7a43202c3faf7ee61ed5ff63f]: S. 29(1)(b) substituted (1.7.2013) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1036), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 55(a) (with Sch. 3)

[^key-7579a41e297cee5cb5f9190b7113f1f6]: Words in s. 29(3) substituted (1.7.2013) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1036), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 55(b) (with Sch. 3)

[^key-4c9dabec5cd04a60398fb71a5ab9018d]: Words in s. 29(4) inserted (1.7.2013) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1036), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 55(c) (with Sch. 3)

[^key-6ca7c11f51d65cb631889ed8ddb91b78]: Words in s. 29(5)(a) substituted (1.7.2013) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1036), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 55(d)(i) (with Sch. 3)

[^key-446b304ff7aad3ca787647111fa41c16]: Words in s. 29(5)(b) substituted (1.7.2013) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1036), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 55(d)(ii) (with Sch. 3)

[^key-fe147a9e61e0cb5a353e0542eab999b2]: Definition in s. 38 inserted (1.7.2013) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1036), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 56 (with Sch. 3)

[^key-fe8debb14550e387b91dca65ca7a571f]: Words in Sch. para. 8(2) substituted (1.7.2013) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1036), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 57 (with Sch. 3)

[^key-e29e6ce00a6718067340707466ed4f36]: Words in s. 20C(2) substituted (22.4.2014) by Crime and Courts Act 2013 (c. 22), s. 61(3), Sch. 9 para. 52; S.I. 2014/954, art. 2(c) (with art. 3) (with transitional provisions and savings in S.I. 2014/956, arts. 3-11)

[^key-ba2c6f70c40cc178c805226e2d42e388]: Words in Sch. para. 8(2) substituted (22.4.2014) by Crime and Courts Act 2013 (c. 22), s. 61(3), Sch. 9 para. 52; S.I. 2014/954, art. 2(c) (with art. 3) (with transitional provisions and savings in S.I. 2014/956, arts. 3-11)

[^key-3e4a57d383e0a72cce922b8b2cf005fc]: S. 25(3) inserted (1.12.2014) by Housing (Wales) Act 2014 (anaw 7), ss. 128, 145(3); S.I. 2014/3127, art. 2(a), Sch. Pt. 1

[^key-e9641825683f9ff224247c2d739db167]: Words in s. 38 omitted (26.5.2015) by virtue of Deregulation Act 2015 (c. 20), s. 115(7), Sch. 13 para. 6(20); S.I. 2015/994, art. 6(g)

[^key-c16782f5f1e38d0e5d813473ddca6151]: S. 29A inserted (12.7.2016) by Housing and Planning Act 2016 (c. 22), ss. 130, 216(2)(b)

[^key-e306cd835987d99e31261f1f6a709237]: Words in s. 38 substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes, 1.4.2018 in so far as not already in force) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 2 para. 75; S.I. 2018/227, reg. 4(c)

[^key-4f71ce5d9b2f70a478b14602671ea34d]: S. 38 excluded (8.5.2017) by The Greater Manchester Combined Authority (Transfer of Police and Crime Commissioner Functions to the Mayor) Order 2017 (S.I. 2017/470), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 10

[^key-2bc00a7275b73cd5490f298198143afe]: Word in s. 8 heading inserted (20.3.2019) by Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018 (c. 34), ss. 1(2)(a), 2(2)

[^key-2270892c391c1e870b0f5f9a9c28dec0]: Ss. 9A-9C inserted (20.3.2019) by Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018 (c. 34), ss. 1(3), 2(2)

[^key-75a3b7330feebc29c6122f4307c27ecf]: Words in s. 8(1) inserted (20.3.2019) by Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018 (c. 34), ss. 1(2)(b), 2(2)

[^key-dffdd797563eed90f5b6e52cda80d0ed]: S. 10 renumbered as s. 10(1) (20.3.2019) by Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018 (c. 34), ss. 1(4)(a), 2(2)

[^key-d708db0e449ef3326e3041f252261b8c]: Words in s. 10(1) inserted (20.3.2019) by Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018 (c. 34), ss. 1(4)(b)(i), 2(2)

[^key-2818bba17216b60fd11709f23e174fed]: Words in s. 10(1) inserted (20.3.2019) by Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018 (c. 34), ss. 1(4)(b)(ii), 2(2)

[^key-4f29b0ae7495376446439b5c25a42d9f]: S. 10(2)(3) inserted (20.3.2019) by Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018 (c. 34), ss. 1(4)(c), 2(2)

[^key-54ac9d55b34deccfc9118543c83218b1]: Words in s. 39 inserted (20.3.2019) by Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018 (c. 34), ss. 1(5), 2(2)

[^M_C_6e8310af-9c79-4633-d6ac-e96aada91598]: S. 24 amended by Local Government Act 1985 (c. 51, SIF 81:1), s. 57(7), Sch. 13 para. 24 (as substituted by Housing (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985 (c. 71, SIF 61), s. 4, Sch. 2 para. 61) and Housing Act 1988 (c. 50, SIF 61), s. 79(12)

[^M_F_36af33d4-c5bc-4ec7-ee7f-9eb2781a7769]: Word substituted by Landlord and Tenant Act 1987 (c. 31, SIF 75:1), s. 41, Sch. 2 para. 7

[^M_X_598ccb5a-e7ef-4524-84c9-e73cd81abd16]: Editorial note: The substitution of s. 21 (Regular statements of account) by the Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15), s. 152 (version dated 26.7.2002 on the timeline) has been brought into force only in so far as it confers power to make regulations; and the further substitution of s. 21 (Service charge information) by the Housing and Regeneration Act 2008 (c. 17), Sch. 12 para. 2 (version dated 1.12.2008) has been brought into force only for the purpose of enabling the Secretary of State to make regulations (for England). The power to make such regulations has not to date been exercised in either case. For s. 21 (Request for summary of relevant costs) as it otherwise remains in force, see the version dated 17.12.1996.

[^key-0dc6b3d76a4b2eb5ffe1f1f98aca859c]: Words in s. 21(6A) inserted (28.6.2022) by Building Safety Act 2022 (c. 30), s. 170(3), Sch. 8 para. 17 (with s. 164)

[^key-152fd32da1d6b716882e754a6392d1f9]: S. 4(4) inserted (1.12.2022) by The Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016 (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/1166), regs. 1(1), 13(2)

[^key-0d5c1e0382df484642b608ab68c886c6]: S. 8(5A)(5B) inserted (1.12.2022) by The Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016 (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/1166), regs. 1(1), 13(3)

[^key-4ea3f3e6bc306aa3a45f728e0bb80003]: S. 13(1ZA)(1ZB) inserted (1.12.2022) by The Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016 (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/1166), regs. 1(1), 13(4)

[^key-fc52615a48dfe2f9d702adfb9941e0f4]: Words in s. 20(1)(b) inserted (1.4.2023 for specified purposes) by Building Safety Act 2022 (c. 30), ss. 133(2), 170(5); S.I. 2023/362, reg. 2(1)(g)

[^key-40d1c5e20d763aef7314d719eda0475c]: S. 20ZA(5A) inserted (1.4.2023 for specified purposes) by Building Safety Act 2022 (c. 30), ss. 133(3), 170(5); S.I. 2023/362, reg. 2(1)(g)

[^key-dcc5a1432d70f3340b3c7992ca1a5f7b]: Ss. 20D, 20E inserted (1.4.2023 for specified purposes) by Building Safety Act 2022 (c. 30), ss. 133(4), 170(5); S.I. 2023/362, reg. 2(1)(g)

[^key-910c37519af4702c87373dd22685aa56]: Ss. 30C-30I and cross-heading inserted (28.4.2022 for specified purposes, 6.4.2023 for specified purposes) by Building Safety Act 2022 (c. 30), ss. 112(2), 170(2) (with s. 164); S.I. 2023/362, reg. 3(1)(z10)(ii)

[^key-e34e77f684020c7c142b9a51b98642df]: S. 20F inserted (28.4.2022 for specified purposes, 6.4.2023 for specified purposes) by Building Safety Act 2022 (c. 30), ss. 112(3), 170(2) (with s. 164); S.I. 2023/362, reg. 3(1)(z10)(iii)

[^key-bd0eadea713fb36aa5adf1af4c2b5578]: S. 21(6A) inserted (28.4.2022 for specified purposes, 6.4.2023 in so far as not already in force) by Building Safety Act 2022 (c. 30), ss. 112(4), 170(2) (with s. 164); S.I. 2023/362, reg. 3(1)(z10)(iv)

[^key-0b59aa87d145b12fad2c45da5765b452]: Words in s. 30 inserted (28.4.2022 for specified purposes, 6.4.2023 in so far as not already in force) by Building Safety Act 2022 (c. 30), ss. 112(5)(a), 170(2) (with s. 164); S.I. 2023/362, reg. 3(1)(z10)(iv)

[^key-bd8ddc161cd87602eb9090117f1ab5e1]: Words in s. 30 heading substituted (28.4.2022 for specified purposes, 6.4.2023 in so far as not already in force) by Building Safety Act 2022 (c. 30), ss. 112(5)(b), 170(2) (with s. 164); S.I. 2023/362, reg. 3(1)(z10)(iv)

[^key-2912e5a6f2261f55891fcd2d1756ac0b]: Words in s. 32(1) inserted (28.4.2022 for specified purposes, 6.4.2023 for specified purposes) by Building Safety Act 2022 (c. 30), ss. 112(6), 170(2) (with s. 164); S.I. 2023/362, reg. 3(1)(z10)(v)

[^key-33be3b370c4bb84db724c416ce52a52d]: Ss. 10A, 10B and cross-heading inserted (20.9.2023) by Social Housing (Regulation) Act 2023 (c. 36), ss. 42, 46(3)(a); S.I. 2023/1001, reg. 2(t)

[^key-23a4fe4f2e990fc0d669fe6ca1019de7]: Words in s. 38 inserted (26.12.2023) by Levelling-up and Regeneration Act 2023 (c. 55), s. 255(2)(c), Sch. 4 para. 86 (with s. 247)

[^key-4602b0ac90054547ad7cba8a22ba41e9]: Ss. 20J, 20K inserted (3.3.2025 for the insertion of s. 20J for specified purposes) by Leasehold and Freehold Reform Act 2024 (c. 22), ss. 64, 124(3) (with s. 71); S.I. 2025/131, reg. 2(e)

[^key-7ffebe0cb4f89cf234803732579057d8]: Word in s. 9B(1)(b) inserted (27.12.2025) by Renters’ Rights Act 2025 (c. 26), ss. 31(3)(a)(i), 145(5)(a) (with s. 138)

[^key-4420184ce75acd5753e6a4170c9916ee]: Words in s. 9B(1)(b) substituted (27.12.2025) by Renters’ Rights Act 2025 (c. 26), ss. 31(3)(a)(ii), 145(5)(a) (with s. 138)

[^key-91fbc451214f99cf24d9f0f3634ae863]: S. 13(1AZA) inserted (27.12.2025) by Renters’ Rights Act 2025 (c. 26), ss. 31(3)(b)(i), 145(5)(a) (with s. 138)

[^key-16d55930a2721d6464376b73700ba953]: S. 13(1ZC) inserted (27.12.2025) by Renters’ Rights Act 2025 (c. 26), ss. 31(3)(b)(iii), 145(5)(a) (with s. 138)

[^key-f8bc1dbab9fc476d78ef6ed4cea5faec]: S. 13(1AA) inserted (27.12.2025) by Renters’ Rights Act 2025 (c. 26), ss. 31(3)(b)(v), 145(5)(a) (with s. 138)

[^key-2665ee3807ee1e686bd4bc3ccec5ca91]: Word in s. 13(1ZA) substituted (27.12.2025) by Renters’ Rights Act 2025 (c. 26), ss. 31(3)(b)(ii), 145(5)(a) (with s. 138)

[^key-79571ccd3d39b2f4376e7fa9c5d59f14]: S. 13(1A)(b) and word omitted (27.12.2025) by virtue of Renters’ Rights Act 2025 (c. 26), ss. 31(3)(b)(iv), 145(5)(a) (with s. 138)

[^key-0cafae929e279f103b9233c1bf227f1d]: Words in s. 13(1B) substituted (27.12.2025) by Renters’ Rights Act 2025 (c. 26), ss. 31(3)(b)(vi), 145(5)(a) (with s. 138)

Request relating to information held by superior landlord.

Liability to pay service charges: jurisdiction

Leases to which s. 11 applies: exceptions.

Limitation of service charges: time limit on making demands.

Limitation of service charges: time limit on making demands.

Limitation of service charges: excluded costs for higher-risk buildings

Effect of change of landlord

Service charge information

Transfer of cases from county court.

Provisions not applying to tenancies within Part II of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954.

Limitation of service charges: costs of proceedings.

Exception: rent registered and not entered as variable.

Meaning of “recognised tenants’ association”.

Tenants' associations: power to request information about tenants

Transfer of cases from county court.

Meaning of “qualified accountant”.

29A

• (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations impose duties on a landlord to provide the secretary of a relevant tenants' association with information about relevant qualifying tenants.

• (2) The regulations may—

• (a) make provision about the tenants about whom information must be provided and what information must be provided;

• (b) require a landlord to seek the consent of a tenant to the provision of information about that tenant;

• (c) require a landlord to identify how many tenants have not consented.

• (3) The regulations may—

• (a) authorise a landlord to charge costs specified in or determined in accordance with the regulations;

• (b) impose time limits on a landlord for the taking of any steps under the regulations;

• (c) make provision about the form or content of any notices under the regulations (including provision permitting or requiring a person to design the form of a notice);

• (d) make other provision as to the procedure in connection with anything authorised or required by the regulations.

• (4) The regulations may confer power on a court or tribunal to make an order remedying a failure by a landlord to comply with the regulations.

• (5) The regulations may include supplementary, incidental, transitional or saving provision.

• (6) Regulations under this section are to be made by statutory instrument.

• (7) A statutory instrument containing regulations under this section is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

• (8) In this section—

• “relevant tenants' association”, in relation to a landlord, means an association of tenants of the landlord at least one of whom is a qualifying tenant of a dwelling in England;

• “relevant qualifying tenant” means—a person who is a qualifying tenant of a dwelling in England and a member of the relevant tenants' association, ora person who is a qualifying tenant of a dwelling in England by virtue of being required to contribute to the same costs as a qualifying tenant who is a member of the relevant tenants' association;

• “qualifying tenant” means a tenant who, under the terms of the lease, is required to contribute to the same costs as another tenant by the payment of a service charge.

Liability of directors, &c. for offences by body corporate.

Short title, commencement and extent.

Effect of change of landlord

9A

• (1) In a lease to which this section applies of a dwelling in England (see section 9B), there is implied a covenant by the lessor that the dwelling—

• (a) is fit for human habitation at the time the lease is granted or otherwise created or, if later, at the beginning of the term of the lease, and

• (b) will remain fit for human habitation during the term of the lease.

• (2) The implied covenant is not to be taken as requiring the lessor—

• (a) to carry out works or repairs for which the lessee is liable by virtue of—

• (i) the duty of the lessee to use the premises in a tenant-like manner, or

• (ii) an express covenant of the lessee of substantially the same effect as that duty;

• (b) to rebuild or reinstate the dwelling in the case of destruction or damage by fire, storm, flood or other inevitable accident;

• (c) to keep in repair or maintain anything which the lessee is entitled to remove from the dwelling;

• (d) to carry out works or repairs which, if carried out, would put the lessor in breach of any obligation imposed by any enactment (whenever passed or made);

• (e) to carry out works or repairs requiring the consent of a superior landlord or other third party in circumstances where consent has not been obtained following reasonable endeavours to obtain it.

• (3) The implied covenant is also not to be taken as imposing on the lessor any liability in respect of the dwelling being unfit for human habitation if the unfitness is wholly or mainly attributable to—

• (a) the lessee’s own breach of covenant, or

• (b) disrepair which the lessor is not obliged to make good because of an exclusion or modification under section 12 (power of county court to authorise exclusions or modifications in leases in respect of repairing obligations under section 11).

• (4) Any provision of a lease or of any agreement relating to a lease (whether made before or after the grant or creation of the lease) is void to the extent that it purports—

• (a) to exclude or limit the obligations of the lessor under the implied covenant, or

• (b) to authorise any forfeiture or impose on the lessee any penalty, disability or obligation in the event of the lessee enforcing or relying upon those obligations.

• (5) Where in any proceedings before a court it is alleged that a lessor is in breach of an obligation under the implied covenant, the court may order specific performance of the obligation (regardless of any equitable rule restricting the scope of that remedy).

• (6) Where a lease to which this section applies of a dwelling in England forms part only of a building, the implied covenant has effect as if the reference to the dwelling in subsection (1) included a reference to any common parts of the building in which the lessor has an estate or interest.

• (7) In a lease to which this section applies of a dwelling in England, there is also implied a covenant by the lessee that the lessor, or a person authorised in writing by the lessor, may enter the dwelling for the purpose of viewing its condition and state of repair.

• (8) The covenant implied by subsection (7) requires entry to the dwelling to be permitted—

• (a) only at reasonable times of the day, and

• (b) only if at least 24 hours’ notice in writing has been given to the occupier of the dwelling.

• (9) In this section—

• “common parts” has the meaning given by section 60(1) of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1987;

• “lease” does not include a mortgage term;

• “lessee” means the person for the time being entitled to the term of a lease;

• “lessor” means the person for the time being entitled to the reversion expectant on a lease.

9B

• (1) Section 9A applies to a lease under which a dwelling is let wholly or mainly for human habitation if either of the following applies—

• (a) the lease is for a term of less than 7 years, or

• (b) the lease is of a kind mentioned in subsection (1A) , (1AA) or (1AB) of section 13 (certain leases to which section 11 applies).

This is subject as follows.

• (2) Section 9A does not apply to any lease of a kind mentioned in section 14 (exceptions for leases to which section 11 applies).

• (3) Except as mentioned in subsections (4), (5) and (6), section 9A does not apply to a lease granted—

• (a) before the commencement date, or

• (b) on or after that date in pursuance of an agreement entered into, or an order of a court made, before the commencement date.

• (4) Section 9A applies to a periodic or secure tenancy that is in existence on the commencement date, but in the case of any such tenancy the covenant implied by that section has effect in the following way—

• (a) subsection (1)(a) of that section has effect as if the reference to the later of the times there mentioned were a reference to the time that begins at the end of the period of 12 months beginning with the commencement date, and

• (b) subsection (1)(b) of that section has effect only in respect of times falling after the end of that 12 month period.

• (5) Section 9A applies to a periodic or secure tenancy that comes into existence after the commencement date on expiry of a term of a lease granted before that date.

• (6) Section 9A applies to a lease for a fixed term which—

• (a) is granted or renewed before the commencement date, and

• (b) is renewed for a further fixed term on or after that date,

and for this purpose the renewal on or after the commencement date is to be treated as a grant of the lease on or after that date.

• (7) For the purposes of subsection (1) it is immaterial—

• (a) whether the dwelling is to be occupied under the lease or under an inferior lease derived out of it, or

• (b) that the lease also demises other property (which may consist of or include one or more other dwellings).

• (8) In determining for the purposes of subsection (1)(a) whether a lease is for a term of less than 7 years—

• (a) any part of the term falling before the grant or creation is to be ignored and the lease is to be treated as a lease for a term commencing with the grant or creation;

• (b) a lease which is determinable at the option of the lessor before the expiry of 7 years from the commencement of the term is to be treated as a lease for a term of less than 7 years;

• (c) a lease (other than one to which paragraph (b) applies) is not to be treated as a lease for a term of less than 7 years if it confers on the lessee an option for renewal for a term which, together with the original term, amounts to 7 years or more.

• (9) In this section—

• “the commencement date” means the date on which the Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018 comes into force;

• “lease”, “lessee” and “lessor” have the same meanings as in section 9A;

• “secure tenancy” has the meaning given by section 79 of the Housing Act 1985.

9C

• (1) This section applies where under a contract of employment of a worker employed in agriculture—

• (a) the provision of a dwelling for the worker’s occupation forms part of the worker’s remuneration, and

• (b) the provisions of section 9A (implied term as to fitness for human habitation of dwellings in England) are inapplicable by reason only of the dwelling not being let to the worker.

• (2) There is implied as part of the contract of employment (in spite of any stipulation to the contrary) a term having the same effect as the covenant that would be implied by section 9A if the dwelling were let by a lease to which that section applies.

• (3) The provisions of section 9A apply accordingly—

• (a) with the substitution of “employer” and “employee” for “lessor” and “lessee”, and

• (b) with such other modifications as may be necessary.

• (4) This section does not affect—

• (a) any obligation of a person other than the employer to repair a dwelling to which the covenant implied by section 9A applies by virtue of this section, or

• (b) any remedy for enforcing such an obligation.

Limitation of service charges: remediation works

20D

• (1) This section applies to works of a prescribed description (“remediation works”) on a building in England of a prescribed description.

• (2) The landlord must—

• (a) take reasonable steps to ascertain whether any grant is payable in respect of the remediation works and, if so, to obtain the grant;

• (b) take reasonable steps to ascertain whether monies may be obtained from a third party in connection with the undertaking of the remediation works and, if so, to obtain monies from the third party;

• (c) take prescribed steps relating to any other prescribed kind of funding.

• (3) In subsection (2)(b) the reference to obtaining monies from a third party includes obtaining monies—

• (a) under a policy of insurance;

• (b) under a guarantee or indemnity;

• (c) pursuant to a claim made against—

• (i) a developer;

• (ii) a person involved in the design of the building or of works to the building; or

• (iii) a person involved in carrying out works in relation to the building.

• (4) Where any funding of a kind mentioned in subsection (2) is obtained, the amount of the funding is to be deducted from the remediation costs (and the amount of any service charge is to be reduced accordingly).

• (5) In the case of a failure to comply with subsection (2), a tenant may make an application for an order that all or any of remediation costs are not to be regarded as relevant costs to be taken into account in determining the amount of any service charge payable by—

• (a) the tenant, or

• (b) anyone else specified in the application.

• (6) An application is to be made to the prescribed court or tribunal.

• (7) The court or tribunal to which the application is made may make such order on the application as it considers just and equitable in the circumstances.

• (8) Nothing in this section requires the landlord to do anything mentioned in subsection (2) before carrying out remediation works.

• (9) The Secretary of State may issue guidance about the taking of steps under subsection (2), and may revise or withdraw any issued guidance.

• (10) Where on an application under this section it is alleged that a person failed to comply with subsection (2)—

• (a) proof of a failure to comply with any applicable guidance may be relied on as tending to establish that there was such a failure, and

• (b) proof of compliance with any applicable guidance may be relied on as tending to establish that there was no such failure.

• (11) In this section—

• “developer”, in relation to a building, means a person who undertakes or commissions the construction or conversion of the building with a view to granting or disposing of interests in the building (or parts of it);

• “prescribed” means prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State;

• “remediation costs” means costs incurred or to be incurred in carrying out the remediation works;

• “third party” means a person other than a tenant.

20E

• (1) In this section “regulations” means regulations under section 20D.

• (2) Regulations are to be made by statutory instrument.

• (3) A power to make regulations includes power to make—

• (a) incidental, transitional or saving provision;

• (b) different provision for different purposes.

• (4) A statutory instrument containing regulations is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

20F

• (1) This section applies in relation to a lease to which section 30D (higher-risk buildings: building safety costs) applies.

• (2) Excluded costs are not to be regarded as relevant costs to be taken into account in determining the amount of service charge payable by a tenant under the lease.

• (3) In this section “excluded costs” means any of the following incurred in connection with Part 4 of the Building Safety Act 2022 or regulations made under that Part—

• (a) costs incurred or to be incurred by or on behalf of a relevant person solely as a result of any penalty imposed or enforcement action taken by the regulator;

• (b) legal costs incurred or to be incurred by or on behalf of a relevant person in connection with special measures order proceedings;

• (c) costs incurred or to be incurred by or on behalf of a relevant person by reason of any negligence, breach of contract or unlawful act on the part of that relevant person or a person acting on their behalf;

• (d) costs of a description prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State that are incurred or to be incurred by or on behalf of an accountable person or special measures manager for the building in connection with the taking of building safety measures.

• (4) In this section—

• “building safety measures” has the meaning given by section 30D;

• “enforcement action” means action taken with a view to, or in connection with—securing compliance with Part 4 of the Building Safety Act 2022 or regulations made under that Part, orthe imposition of a sanction in respect of a contravention of that Part or those regulations;

• “the regulator” has the meaning given by section 115 of the Building Safety Act 2022;

• “relevant person” means—where the landlord under the lease is an accountable person for the higher-risk building, the landlord or a special measures manager for the higher-risk building;where the landlord is not such an accountable person, any superior landlord who is an accountable person for the higher-risk building or a special measures manager for the higher-risk building;

• “special measures order proceedings” means any proceedings relating to the making, variation or discharge of, or the giving of directions in relation to, a special measures order under Schedule 7 to the Building Safety Act 2022 (including any appeals in relation to such proceedings).

• (5) Regulations under this section are to be made by statutory instrument.

• (6) A power to make regulations includes power to make—

• (a) incidental, transitional or saving provision;

• (b) different provision for different purposes.

• (7) A statutory instrument containing regulations under this section is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

Higher-risk buildings in England

Implied terms relating to building safety

30C

• (1) This section applies to a lease of premises which consist of or include a dwelling in a higher-risk building.

• (2) In the lease there is implied a covenant by the landlord—

• (a) where the landlord is an accountable person for the higher-risk building, to comply with their building safety duties;

• (b) to cooperate with any person in connection with a relevant person complying with their building safety duties;

• (c) where a special measures order in relation to the higher-risk building is in force, to comply with that order so far as it relates to the landlord.

• (3) In the lease there is implied a covenant by the tenant—

• (a) to allow the landlord, a relevant person or a person authorised in writing by the landlord or a relevant person to enter the premises for a relevant building safety purpose;

• (b) where the tenant is a resident of the higher-risk building, to comply with their duties under sections 95 and 97 of the Building Safety Act 2022;

• (c) where a special measures order in relation to the higher-risk building is in force, to comply with that order so far as it relates to the tenant.

• (4) In the covenant implied by subsection (2)(b), “cooperate”, in relation to a person, includes—

• (a) taking any steps which are reasonably required by the person to facilitate compliance by a relevant person with their building safety duties;

• (b) where the person is a relevant person (or a person authorised in writing by a relevant person), providing any information (including names and contact details of residents and tenants of the premises) to the person which is reasonably required in connection with the relevant person complying with their building safety duties.

• (5) In the covenant implied by subsection (3)(a), a relevant building safety purpose means—

• (a) inspecting the premises in connection with a relevant person complying with their building safety duties;

• (b) carrying out works to the premises, where such works are required to be carried out in connection with a relevant person complying with their building safety duties;

• (c) accessing a part of the higher-risk building that is not let to the tenant in order to—

• (i) inspect that part of the building in connection with a relevant person complying with their building safety duties;

• (ii) carry out works to that part of the building, where such works are required to be carried out in connection with a relevant person complying with their building safety duties.

• (6) The covenant implied by subsection (3)(a) requires entry to the premises to be allowed—

• (a) only at reasonable times, and

• (b) only if the tenant has been given at least 48 hours’ notice in writing.