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Water Industry Act 1991

Type Public General Act

Publication 1991-07-25

Last updated 2026-08-03

State In force

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(3) In this section “relevant customer benefit” has the meaning given by paragraph 7 of Schedule 4ZA, except that references in paragraph 7 to what the CMA believes are to be read for the purposes of this section as references to what the Authority believes.

Statement of methods

33C

(1) The Authority must prepare and keep under review a statement of the methods to be applied in forming an opinion on the matters in section 33B(1).

(2) The statement must in particular set out—

(a) the criteria to be used for assessing the effect of any particular water enterprise ceasing to be a distinct enterprise on the Authority's ability, in carrying out its functions by virtue of this Act, to make comparisons between water enterprises;

(b) the relative weight to be given to the criteria.

(3) Before preparing or altering the statement, the Authority must consult—

(a) the Secretary of State,

(b) the Welsh Ministers,

(d) relevant undertakers.

(4) The Authority must from time to time publish the statement as it has effect for the time being.

Undertakings in lieu of a merger reference

33D

(1) If the CMA considers that it is under a duty to make a merger reference under section 32, it may instead of making such a reference accept undertakings to take such action as it thinks appropriate from such of the parties concerned in the actual or prospective merger as it considers appropriate.

(2) The power under subsection (1) is to be exercised for the purpose of remedying, mitigating or preventing the prejudicial effect on the Authority's ability, in carrying out its functions by virtue of this Act, to make comparisons between water enterprises that the actual or prospective merger has had, may have had or may be likely to have.

(3) In forming a view for the purposes of subsection (1) as to whether it is under a duty to make a merger reference under section 32, the CMA—

(a) is to disregard the effect of section 33A(4)(a), but

(b) is to take into account the powers under section 33A(1) and (2) to decide not to make a merger reference.

(4) In proceeding under subsection (1), the CMA must, in particular, have regard to the need to achieve as comprehensive a solution as is reasonable and practicable to the prejudicial effect on the Authority's ability, in carrying out its functions by virtue of this Act, to make comparisons between water enterprises.

(5) In proceeding under subsection (1), the CMA may, in particular, have regard to the effect of any action on any relevant customer benefits in relation to the actual or prospective merger.

(6) Before deciding whether or not to accept an undertaking under this section, the CMA must—

(a) request the Authority to give its opinion on the effect of the undertakings offered, and

(b) consider the Authority's opinion.

(7) Where the CMA makes a request under subsection (6), the Authority must give its opinion on the effect of the undertakings offered.

(8) An undertaking under this section—

(a) comes into force when accepted;

(b) may be varied or superseded by another undertaking under this section;

(9) An undertaking under this section ceases to be in force if an order under section 75 or 76 of the Enterprise Act 2002 (powers to make an order where an undertaking is not fulfilled) is made, in a case where that provision of the Enterprise Act 2002 as applied by paragraph 1 of Schedule 4ZA may have effect in relation to such an undertaking.

(10) The CMA must consider any representations received by it in relation to varying or releasing an undertaking under this section as soon as reasonably practicable.

(11) In this section “relevant customer benefit” has the meaning given by paragraph 7 of Schedule 4ZA, except that references in paragraph 7 to what the CMA believes are to be read for the purposes of subsection (7) as references to what the Authority believes.

Application of provisions of Enterprise Act 2002

34

The provisions of Schedule 4ZA to this Act shall have effect with respect to mergers of water enterprises.

Construction of merger provisions.

35

(1) In this Chapter (including Schedule 4ZA)—

“enterprise” has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the 2002 Act; and

“water enterprise” means an enterprise carried on by a relevant undertaker.

(2) References in this Chapter (including Schedule 4ZA), in relation to any two or more enterprises, to the merger of those enterprises are references to those enterprises ceasing, within the meaning of Part 3 of the 2002 Act, to be distinct enterprises; and sections 27 and 29 of that Act and any provision made under section 34 of that Act (time at which enterprises cease to be distinct) shall have effect for the purposes of this Chapter (including Schedule 4ZA) as they have effect for the purposes of that Part.

(3) Nothing in sections 32 to 34 above (including Schedule 4ZA) shall prejudice any power of the CMA or the Secretary of State, in a case in which, or to any extent to which, the CMA is not required to make a reference under section 32 above, to make a reference under Part 3 of the 2002 Act in respect of any actual or prospective merger of two or more water enterprises.

(4) Where two or more enterprises have merged or will merge as part of transactions or arrangements which also involve an actual or prospective merger of two or more water enterprises, Part 3 of the 2002 Act shall apply in relation to the actual or prospective merger of the enterprises concerned excluding the water enterprises; and references in that Part to the creation of a relevant merger situation shall be construed accordingly.

(5) Subject to subsections (3) and (4), Part 3 of the 2002 Act shall not apply in a case in which the CMA is required to make a reference under section 32 above except as applied by virtue of Schedule 4ZA.

Remuneration and governance

Remuneration and standards of performance

35A

(1) This section applies to any company holding an appointment under Chapter 1 of this Part.

(2) As soon as reasonably practicable after the end of each financial year of the company it must make a statement to the Authority—

(a) disclosing whether or not remuneration has been paid or become due during that financial year to the directors of the company as a result of arrangements falling within subsection (3) below; and

(b) where such remuneration has been paid or become due, describing the arrangements and the remuneration.

(3) Arrangements fall within this subsection if they are arrangements for linking the remuneration of the directors of the company to standards of performance in connection with the carrying out by the company of the functions of a relevant undertaker.

(4) A description under subsection (2)(b) above must include in particular—

(a) a statement of when the arrangements were made;

(b) a description of the standards of performance in question;

(d) an explanation of how the remuneration was calculated.

(5) The statement required by subsection (2) above must also state—

(a) whether or not there are in force in respect of the financial year during which the statement is made arrangements falling within subsection (3) above; or

(b) if not, whether the company intends that such arrangements will be in force at some time during that financial year,

and if there are, or it is intended that there will be, such arrangements in force the statement must describe those arrangements.

(6) A description under subsection (5) above must—

(a) include in particular the matters listed in subsection (4)(a), (b) and (c) above; and

(b) where the arrangements described are different from any arrangements described under subsection (2)(b) above, state the likely effect of those differences on the remuneration of each director of the company.

(7) The statement required by subsection (2) above must be made to the Authority in such manner as may be required by the Authority.

(8) The statement required by subsection (2) above—

(a) must be published by the company making the statement in such manner as it reasonably considers will secure adequate publicity for it; and

(b) may be published by the Authority in such manner as it may consider appropriate.

(9) The duty of a company under this section applies in respect of any person who has at any time been a director of the company.

(10) In this section—

“remuneration” in relation to a director of a company—means any form of payment, consideration or other benefit (including pension benefit), paid or due to or in respect of the director; andincludes remuneration in respect of any of his services while a director of the company;

“standards of performance”, in relation to any company, include any standards which are—set by or under any conditions of the company’s appointment under Chapter 1 of this Part;contained in or prescribed by regulations made under section 38(1)(b) or (2) or section 95(1)(b) or (2) below; orset or agreed to by the company.

(11) Any requirement imposed by this section shall be treated as a statutory requirement enforceable under section 18 above by the Authority.

Rules about remuneration and governance

35B

(1) The Authority may issue rules about the arrangements made by relevant undertakers for—

(a) the remuneration of their directors and other persons, and

(b) their governance.

(2) The Authority must exercise its power under subsection (1) to issue rules which achieve the following effects—

(a) prohibiting a relevant undertaker from giving to persons holding senior roles performance-related pay in respect of any financial year in which the undertaker has failed to meet specified standards;

(b) requiring a relevant undertaker—

(i) to appoint persons to hold senior roles only if they meet specified standards as to fitness and propriety or in respect of other matters, and

(ii) to prevent persons from continuing to hold senior roles if they fail to meet such standards;

(c) requiring a relevant undertaker to have arrangements in place for involving consumers in decisions of the undertaker that are likely to have a material impact on consumer matters.

(3) Rules made for the purposes of imposing the prohibition mentioned in subsection (2)(a) (“the pay prohibition”)—

(a) must include standards that relate to—

(i) consumer matters,

(ii) the environment,

(iii) the financial resilience of undertakers, and

(iv) the criminal liability of undertakers;

(b) may include standards in relation to any other matters that the Authority considers appropriate;

(c) may make provision designed to secure that performance-related pay that, if given by a relevant undertaker, would contravene the pay prohibition on the part of the undertaker, is not given by another person;

(d) may provide that any provision of an agreement (whether made before or after the issuing of the rules) is void to the extent that it contravenes the pay prohibition;

(e) may provide for a relevant undertaker to recover any payment made, or other property transferred, in breach of the pay prohibition.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (2)(a)—

(a) “performance-related pay” means any payment, consideration or other benefit (including pension benefit) the giving of which results from the meeting of any targets or performance standards on the part of the relevant undertaker or the person to whom such payment, consideration or benefit is given;

(b) the reference to giving performance-related pay to a person holding a senior role includes—

(i) giving such pay in respect of the person, and

(ii) giving such pay in respect of services provided by the person other than in that role.

(5) A person holds a “senior role” with a relevant undertaker for the purposes of subsection (2)(a) and (b) if the person—

(a) is a chief executive of the undertaker,

(b) is a director of the undertaker, or

(6) Rules made for the purposes of subsection (2)(c) may include a requirement for persons representing the views of consumers to be members of a board, committee or panel of a relevant undertaker.

(7) If the Authority considers that a relevant undertaker is contravening the rules, the Authority may give the undertaker a direction to do, or not to do, a particular thing specified in the direction.

(8) It is the duty of a relevant undertaker to comply with a direction given under subsection (7), and this duty is enforceable by the Authority under section 18.

(9) Rules under this section may—

(a) make different provision for different relevant undertakers or descriptions of undertakers;

(b) make different provision for different purposes;

(10) The Authority may from time to time—

(a) revise rules issued under this section, and

(b) issue the revised rules.

(11) Rules issued under this section (including as revised under subsection (10)) may apply to agreements made before the rules (or revised rules) come into effect.

(12) Nothing in subsection (2) limits other kinds of provision about remuneration and governance arrangements that may be contained in rules issued under subsection (1).

(13) In this section—

“chief executive”, in relation to a relevant undertaker, means an employee of the undertaker who, alone or jointly with one or more others, is responsible under the immediate authority of the board of directors for the conduct of the whole of the business of the undertaker;

“specified” means specified in rules under this section.

Rules under section 35B: procedure

35C

(1) Before issuing rules under section 35B, the Authority must—

(a) prepare a draft of the proposed rules, and

(b) consult the relevant persons about the draft.

(2) The relevant persons are—

(a) the Secretary of State;

(b) the Welsh Ministers;

(d) each relevant undertaker likely to be materially affected by the rules;

(e) a person whose functions are or include representing relevant undertakers in respect of interests of the undertakers that are likely to be materially affected by the rules;

(f) such other persons as the Authority considers appropriate.

(3) The Authority must specify the period within which relevant persons may make representations about the proposed rules.

(4) This section is subject to section 35D.

Rules under section 35B: minor or urgent variations

35D

(1) This section applies if the Authority proposes to issue revised rules under section 35B and, in the view of the Authority, the revision or each of the revisions proposed to be made is—

(a) a revision for which consultation is unnecessary, or

(b) a revision that it is necessary or desirable to make without delay.

(2) Section 35C does not apply to the proposed revised rules.

(3) Once the Authority has issued the revised rules, it must give notice as soon as reasonably practicable of—

(a) the issuing of the revised rules, and

(b) as regards each revision contained in them, whether in the view of the Authority the revision falls within paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (1).

(4) Notice under subsection (3) is to be given to the relevant persons mentioned in section 35C(2).

(5) Unless the Authority gives notice that a revision in revised rules is in the view of the Authority a revision falling within subsection (1)(a), the revision ceases to have effect at the end of the period of six months beginning with the day after that on which the revised rules are issued.

Financial transparency

Authority to secure publication of financial overview

35E

(1) The purpose of this section is that members of the public should have easy access to a concise, intelligible and up-to-date overview of the financial position of each relevant undertaker.

(2) A relevant undertaker’s “financial position” includes the amount and essential characteristics of the share capital and debt used to fund the operations of the undertaker.

(3) The overview should include significant changes that—

(a) took place in the period of 12 months before the publication of the overview, or

(b) are expected to take place in the period of 12 months following that publication,

provided that the changes have been publicly announced.

(4) The Authority must from time to time decide—

(a) what information should be included in the overview, and

(b) in what format it should be published,

in order to fulfil the purpose set out in subsection (1) (as read with subsection (3)).

(5) The Authority must secure that each relevant undertaker is required to publish at least once every year, in a prominent place on its website, an up-to-date overview that accords with what the Authority has decided under subsection (4).

(6) It must do so by—

(a) exercising its appointment powers, or

(b) issuing rules under this section.

(7) The Authority’s “appointment powers” are—

(a) its powers to impose and modify conditions of appointments under this Chapter, and

(b) anything it may do by virtue of such conditions with the result that a relevant undertaker is required to act in a certain way.

(8) Sections 35B(7) to (10), 35C and 35D apply in relation to rules under this section as they apply in relation to rules under section 35B.

chapter IV — INTERPRETATION OF PART II

Interpretation of Part II.

36

(1) In this Part—

“the 1973 Act” means the Fair Trading Act 1973; and

“the 1980 Act” means the Competition Act 1980.

“the 2002 Act” means the Enterprise Act 2002;

(2) References in this Part to an appointment or variation replacing a company as a relevant undertaker are references to the following, that is to say—

(a) the appointment of a company to be the water undertaker or sewerage undertaker for any area which is or includes the whole or any part of any area for which another company already holds an appointment as water undertaker or, as the case may be, sewerage undertaker; or

(b) a variation by virtue of which the area for which a company holds an appointment under Chapter I of this Part is modified so as to include the whole or any part of an area for which another company already holds an appointment as water undertaker or, as the case may be, sewerage undertaker.

(3) For the purposes of this Part premises in a part of an area are served by a company holding an appointment under Chapter I of this Part—

(a) in relation to an appointment or variation by virtue of which that company would be replaced as the water undertaker for that part of that area, if those premises—

(i) are supplied with water by means of a connection with a distribution main of that company; or

(ii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

and

(b) in relation to an appointment or variation by virtue of which that company would be replaced as the sewerage undertaker for that part of that area, if those premises—

(i) are drained by means of a relevant sewer or drain ; or

(ii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4) In this section—

“distribution main” means a water main that is not a trunk main; and

“relevant sewer or drain”, in relation to any appointment or variation which would replace a company as a sewerage undertaker, means any of the following, that is to say—a public sewer or lateral drain vested in that company;a sewer or lateral drain in relation to which that company has made a declaration of vesting under section 102 below which has not yet taken effect;a sewer or lateral drain in relation to which that company has entered into an agreement under section 104 below.

Part 2A — Regulation of provision of infrastructure

Regulations

36A

(1) The Minister may make regulations about the provision of infrastructure for the use of water undertakers or sewerage undertakers.

(2) The regulations may in particular—

(a) confer regulatory functions on the Authority;

(b) apply provisions of Part 2 with or without modification;

(3) The regulations must specify the activities to which they apply; in particular, the regulations may—

(a) apply to designing, constructing, owning and operating infrastructure, and

(b) define “infrastructure”.

(4) The regulations—

(a) may make provision only in relation to projects or works that in the Minister's opinion are of a size or complexity that threatens the undertaker's ability to provide services for its customers, and

(b) in conferring powers, must restrict them to projects or works that, in the opinion of the person exercising the power, are of a size or complexity that threatens the undertaker's ability to provide services for its customers.

(5) Sections 36B to 36D and 36F specify other kinds of provision that the regulations may make; and in those sections “infrastructure project” means a project, or part of a project, in connection with any of the things specified in subsection (3)(a).

Tendering

36B

(1) Regulations under section 36A may—

(a) allow the Minister to specify one or more infrastructure projects which must be put out to tender;

(b) allow the Authority to specify one or more infrastructure projects which must be put out to tender;

(2) The regulations must prohibit a water undertaker or sewerage undertaker from undertaking an infrastructure project which is to be put out to tender in accordance with the regulations.

(3) But the regulations may permit or require a water or sewerage undertaker to undertake preparatory work of a specified kind or for a specified purpose.

(4) The regulations must make provision about the extent to which companies associated with a water undertaker or sewerage undertaker (as defined by the regulations) are permitted to bid in a tender process.

(5) The regulations must specify the procedure to be followed in a tender process; in particular, the regulations—

(a) may require the undertaker to consult the Authority or the Minister about the terms on which an infrastructure project is put out to tender;

(b) may specify factors to be taken into account in considering bids;

(c) must provide for the water or sewerage undertaker responsible for the tender process to determine which bid to accept (if any).

Criteria for tendering

36C

(1) Regulations under section 36A must specify criteria to be used by the Minister or the Authority in determining whether to exercise a power by virtue of section 36B(1).

(2) The regulations may—

(a) provide that the Authority must consult the Minister before exercising a power by virtue of section 36B(1);

(b) require the Authority to publish guidance to be followed by it in determining whether to exercise a power by virtue of section 36B(1).

Designation as an infrastructure provider

36D

(1) Regulations under section 36A may enable the Minister or the Authority to designate as an “infrastructure provider” a person who appears to the Minister or Authority to be wholly or partly responsible for an infrastructure project that was put out to tender in accordance with regulations by virtue of section 36B.

(2) The regulations may—

(a) confer powers and impose duties on designated infrastructure providers (including any power or duty that is the same as or similar to a power or duty conferred or imposed under or by virtue of this Act on water or sewerage undertakers),

(b) confer powers and impose duties on the Authority, the Minister or any other body with public functions (including any power or duty that is the same as or similar to a power or duty conferred or imposed under or by virtue of this Act in respect of water or sewerage undertakers),

(d) provide for designation to be conditional,

(e) provide, or enable the provision of, limits (by reference to place, time or otherwise) on powers and duties conferred under paragraph (a),

(f) include provision about enforcement of powers, duties, conditions and limitations, and

(g) include provision for variation or revocation of designation.

Ministerial responsibility

36E

(1) In this Part “the Minister” means—

(a) the Secretary of State, in relation to infrastructure which is provided or to be provided for the use of one or more English undertakers,

(b) the Welsh Ministers, in relation to infrastructure which is provided or to be provided for the use of one or more Welsh undertakers, and

(c) the Secretary of State and the Welsh Ministers acting jointly in relation to infrastructure which is provided or to be provided for the use of one or more English undertakers and one or more Welsh undertakers.

(2) In this section and section 36F—

(a) “an English undertaker” means a water undertaker or sewerage undertaker whose area is wholly or mainly in England, and

(b) “a Welsh undertaker” means a water undertaker or sewerage undertaker whose area is wholly or mainly in Wales.

Cross-border infrastructure projects

36F

(1) Regulations under section 36A may make provision about cross-border infrastructure projects.

(2) In this section “cross-border infrastructure project” means an infrastructure project which—

(a) relates to infrastructure in Wales which is for the use of an English undertaker, or

(b) relates to infrastructure in England which is for the use of a Welsh undertaker.

(3) Regulations made by the Secretary of State about cross-border infrastructure projects—

(a) may confer functions on the Welsh Ministers, and

(b) must require the Secretary of State or the Authority to consult the Welsh Ministers before exercising any power under section 36B(1) to specify projects which must be put out to tender.

(4) Regulations made by the Welsh Ministers about cross-border infrastructure projects—

(a) may confer functions on the Secretary of State, and

(b) must require the Welsh Ministers or the Authority to consult the Secretary of State before exercising any power under section 36B(1) to specify projects which must be put out to tender.

Regulations: procedure

36G

(1) Regulations under section 36A may not be made unless a draft has been laid before and approved by resolution of—

(a) each House of Parliament, in the case of regulations made by the Secretary of State,

(b) the National Assembly for Wales, in the case of regulations made by the Welsh Ministers, or

(c) each House of Parliament and the National Assembly for Wales, in the case of regulations made by the Secretary of State and the Welsh Ministers acting jointly.

(2) Before laying a draft under subsection (1) the Minister must consult persons who in the Minister's opinion represent interests likely to be affected by the regulations.

(3) Section 213 applies to regulations made by the Welsh Ministers under section 36A as it applies to regulations made by the Secretary of State.

Part III — WATER SUPPLY

chapter I — GENERAL DUTIES OF WATER UNDERTAKERS etc

General duty to maintain water supply system etc.

37

(1) It shall be the duty of every water undertaker to develop and maintain an efficient and economical system of water supply within its area and to ensure that all such arrangements have been made—

(a) for providing supplies of water to premises in that area and for making such supplies available to persons who demand them; and

(b) for maintaining, improving and extending the water undertaker’s water mains and other pipes,

as are necessary for securing that the undertaker is and continues to be able to meet its obligations under this Part.

(2) The duty of a water undertaker under this section shall be enforceable under section 18 above—

(a) by the Secretary of State; or

(b) with the consent of or in accordance with a general authorisation given by the Secretary of State, by the Authority.

(3) The obligations imposed on a water undertaker by the following Chapters of this Part, and the remedies available in respect of contraventions of those obligations, shall be in addition to any duty imposed or remedy available by virtue of any provision of this section or section 38 below and shall not be in any way qualified by any such provision.

Water resources management plans: preparation and review

37A

(1) It shall be the duty of each water undertaker to prepare , publish and maintain a water resources management plan.

(2) A water resources management plan is a plan for how the water undertaker will manage and develop water resources so as to be able, and continue to be able, to meet its obligations under this Part.

(3) A water resources management plan shall address in particular—

(a) the water undertaker’s estimate of the quantities of water required to meet those obligations;

(b) the measures which the water undertaker intends to take or continue for the purpose set out in subsection (2) above (also taking into account for that purpose the introduction of water into the undertaker’s supply system by or on behalf of water supply licensees);

(d) such other matters as the Secretary of State may specify in directions

(and see also section 37AA).

(4) The procedure for preparing and publishing a water resources management plan (including a revised plan) is set out in section 37B below.

(5) Before each anniversary of the date when its plan (or revised plan) was last published, the water undertaker shall —

(a) review its plan; and

(b) send a statement of the conclusions of its review to the Secretary of State.

(6) The water undertaker shall prepare and publish a revised plan in each of the following cases—

(a) following conclusion of its annual review, if the review indicated a material change of circumstances;

(b) if directed to do so by the Secretary of State;

(c) in any event, not later than the end of the period of five years beginning with the date when the plan (or revised plan) was last published,

and shall follow the procedure in section 37B below (whether or not the revised plan prepared by the undertaker includes any proposed alterations to the previous plan).

(7) The Secretary of State may give directions specifying—

(a) the form which a water resources management plan must take;

(b) the planning period to which a water resources management plan must relate.

(8) Before preparing its water resources management plan (including a revised plan), the water undertaker shall consult—

(a) the Environment Agency, if the plan (or revised plan) would affect water resources in England;

(aa) the NRBW, if the plan (or revised plan) would affect water resources in Wales;

(b) the Authority;

(d) any water supply licensee which supplies water to premises in the undertaker’s area via the undertaker’s supply system.

(9) Before giving a direction under subsection (6)(b), the Secretary of State shall consult—

(a) the Environment Agency, if the revised plan would affect water resources in England, and

(b) the NRBW, if the revised plan would affect water resources in Wales.

(9A) Before giving a direction under subsection (6)(b), the Welsh Ministers shall consult—

(a) the NRBW, if the revised plan would affect water resources in Wales, and

(b) the Environment Agency, if the revised plan would affect water resources in England.

(10) In this section, in relation to a water resources management plan, “published” means published in accordance with section 37B(8)(a) below.

Water resources management plans for England: resilience

37AA

(1) The Secretary of State may give a direction about the basis on which a water resources management plan for England is to be prepared.

(2) A direction under this section may be given only where the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to do so with a view to securing that a water undertaker is able to meet the need for the supply of water to consumers in particular circumstances.

(3) A direction under this section may, in particular, require a plan to be prepared on the basis of a specified assumption, including—

(a) an assumption as to whether, and how often, specified circumstances are likely to arise;

(b) an assumption that a specified power would or would not be exercised by the water undertaker or another person in specified circumstances.

(4) Before giving a direction under this section, the Secretary of State must consult—

(a) the Authority,

(b) the Welsh Ministers,

(d) the Environment Agency,

(e) the NRBW, and

(f) such other persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate.

(5) In this section—

“specified” means specified in a direction under this section;

“water resources management plan for England” means a water resources management plan prepared by a water undertaker whose area is wholly or mainly in England.

Water resources management plans: publication and representations

37B

(1) A water undertaker shall—

(a) send a draft water resources management plan to the Secretary of State;

(b) state whether it appears to the undertaker that any information contained in that plan is or might be commercially confidential (as regards itself or another person); and

(c) give the Secretary of State the name of each such other person and his address for service of a notice under subsection (2)(a) below.

(2) If the water undertaker states that it so appears in relation to any such information, the Secretary of State shall—

(a) if the person to whom or to whose business the information relates is not the water undertaker, give that person notice that the information is included in a draft water resources management plan and, unless subsection (10) below applies, is required to be published under this section; and

(b) give each person (including the water undertaker) to whom any such information relates a reasonable opportunity—

(i) of objecting to the publication of the information relating to him on the ground that it is commercially confidential; and

(ii) of making representations to the Secretary of State for the purpose of justifying any such objection,

and shall determine, taking any objections and representations under paragraph (b) into account, whether the information is or is not commercially confidential.

(3) A water undertaker shall—

(a) (subject to subsection (10) below) publish the draft water resources management plan in the prescribed way or, if no way is prescribed, in a way calculated to bring it to the attention of persons likely to be affected by it;

(b) publish with it a statement—

(i) whether any information has been excluded from the published draft plan by virtue of subsection (10) below and, if it has, the general nature of that information; and

(ii) that any person may make representations in writing about the plan to the Secretary of State before the end of a period specified in the statement; and

(4) The Secretary of State shall send to the water undertaker a copy of any representations he receives following publication of the draft plan under subsection (3) above and shall give it a reasonable period of time within which to comment on the representations.

(5) The Secretary of State may in regulations prescribe how such representations and any comments by the water undertaker on them are to be dealt with.

(6) Regulations under subsection (5) above—

(a) may provide for the Secretary of State to cause an inquiry or other hearing to be held in connection with the draft water resources management plan; and

(b) if they do so provide, may provide for subsections (2) to (5) of section 250 of the Local Government Act 1972 (local inquiries: evidence and costs) to apply with prescribed modifications to such an inquiry or hearing as they apply to inquiries under that section.

(7) The Secretary of State may direct a water undertaker that its water resources management plan must differ from the draft sent to him under subsection (1) above in ways specified in his direction, and (subject to subsection (9) below) it shall be the duty of the water undertaker to comply with the direction.

(8) The water undertaker shall—

(a) (subject to subsection (10) below) publish the water resources management plan in the prescribed way or, if no way is prescribed, in a way calculated to bring it to the attention of persons likely to be affected by it; and

(b) publish with it a statement whether any information has been excluded from the published plan by virtue of subsection (10) below and, if it has, the general nature of that information.

(9) If the water undertaker considers that publishing a water resources management plan complying with a direction under subsection (7) above would mean including in the published plan any information (other than any information in relation to which the Secretary of State has already made a determination under subsection (2) above) which might be commercially confidential (as regards itself or another person)—

(a) the water undertaker shall send the Secretary of State a notice saying so, and giving the Secretary of State the name of any such other person and his address for service of a notice under subsection (2)(a) above as applied by paragraph (b) below; and

(b) subsection (2) above shall apply in relation to that information as it applies in relation to the information referred to there;

and the Secretary of State may either confirm his direction under subsection (7) above (which is to be treated as a new direction under subsection (7)) or revoke the previous such direction (or the previous one so treated) and give a new one.

(10) The published version of a draft water resources management plan published under subsection (3)(a) above, and a water resources management plan published under subsection (8)(a) above, shall exclude any information which the Secretary of State—

(a) has determined under subsection (2) above (or that subsection as applied by subsection (9) above) is commercially confidential; or

(b) directs the water undertaker to exclude on the ground that it appears to him that its publication would be contrary to the interests of national security.

(11) Any steps to be taken by a water undertaker under this section shall be completed by such time or within such period as the Secretary of State may direct.

Water resources management plans: provision of information

37C

(1) It shall be the duty of each water supply licensee to provide the water undertaker with such information as the water undertaker may reasonably request for the purposes of preparing or revising its water resources management plan.

(2) In the event of any dispute between a water undertaker and a water supply licensee as to the reasonableness of the water undertaker’s request under subsection (1) above, either party may refer the matter for determination by the Secretary of State, and any such determination shall be final.

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (b) of section 37B(1) above, the water undertaker shall identify in its statement under that paragraph any information—

(a) provided by a water supply licensee pursuant to subsection (1) above; and

(b) contained in the water undertaker’s draft water resources management plan,

which the water supply licensee has (at the time of providing it to the water undertaker) specifically identified as being, in the water supply licensee's opinion, commercially confidential.

(4) The water undertaker shall not use any unpublished information save for the purpose of facilitating the performance by it of any of the duties imposed on it by or under this Act, any of the other consolidation Acts or the Water Act 1989.

(5) In subsection (4) above—

(a) “unpublished information” means confidential information which—

(i) is provided to the water undertaker by a water supply licensee under this section;

(ii) relates to the affairs of any individual or to any particular business; and

(iii) by virtue of section 37B above, is not published;

(b) “the other consolidation Acts” has the same meaning as in section 206 below.

Water resources management plans: supplementary

37D

(1) Directions given under section 37A , 37AA or 37B above may be—

(a) general directions applying to all water undertakers; or

(b) directions applying only to one or more water undertakers specified in the directions,

and shall be given by an instrument in writing.

(2) It shall be the duty of each water undertaker to whom directions apply to comply with the directions.

(3) The duties of—

(a) a water undertaker under sections 37A to 37C above and under this section; and

(b) a water supply licensee under section 37C above,

shall be enforceable by the Secretary of State under section 18 above.

(4) The Minister may by order made by statutory instrument amend the period for the time being specified in section 37A(6)(c).

(5) In subsection (4), “the Minister” means—

(a) the Secretary of State, in relation to an order applying to water undertakers whose areas are wholly or mainly in England, and

(b) the Welsh Ministers, in relation to an order applying to water undertakers whose areas are wholly or mainly in Wales.

(6) A statutory instrument containing an order made by the Secretary of State under subsection (4) is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(7) A statutory instrument containing an order made by the Welsh Ministers under subsection (4) is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the Assembly.

(8) Subsection (9) applies in relation to a statutory instrument containing both—

(a) an order made by the Secretary of State under subsection (4), and

(b) an order made by the Welsh Ministers under subsection (4).

(9) If in accordance with subsection (6) or (7) (negative resolution procedure)—

(a) either House of Parliament resolves that an address be presented to Her Majesty praying that an instrument containing an order made by the Secretary of State be annulled, or

(b) the Assembly resolves that an instrument containing an order made by the Welsh Ministers be annulled,

the instrument is to have no further effect and Her Majesty may by Order in Council revoke the instrument.

Standards of performance in connection with water supply.

38

(1) For the purpose-

(a) of facilitating the determination of the extent to which breaches of the obligations imposed by the following provisions of this Part are to amount to breaches of the duty imposed by section 37 above; or

(b) of supplementing that duty by establishing overall standards of performance in relation to that duty,

the Secretary of State may, in accordance with section 39 below, by regulations provide for contraventions of such requirements as may be prescribed to be treated for the purposes of this Act as breaches of that duty.

(2) The Secretary of State may, in accordance with section 39 below, by regulations prescribe such standards of performance in connection with the provision of supplies of water as, in his opinion, ought to be achieved in individual cases.

(3) Regulations under subsection (2) above may provide that if a water undertaker fails to meet a prescribed standard it shall pay such amount as may be prescribed to any person who is affected by the failure and is of a prescribed description.

(4) Without prejudice to the generality of the power conferred by subsection (2) above, regulations under that subsection may—

(a) include in a standard of performance a requirement for a water undertaker, in prescribed circumstances, to inform a person of his rights by virtue of any such regulations;

(b) provide for any dispute under the regulations to be referred by either party to the dispute to the Authority;

(c) make provision for the procedure to be followed in connection with any such reference and for the Authority's determination on such a reference to be enforceable in such manner as may be prescribed;

(d) prescribe circumstances in which a water undertaker is to be exempted from requirements of the regulations.

(5) Where the Authority determines any dispute in accordance with regulations under this section it shall, in such manner as may be specified in the regulations, give its reasons for reaching its decision with respect to the dispute.

Standards of performance in connection with the supply of water: water supply licensees

38ZA

(1) For the purpose of establishing overall standards of performance in connection with the supply of water by water supply licensees in accordance with their retail authorisations or restricted retail authorisations, the Minister may, in accordance with section 39ZA, by regulations—

(a) impose requirements in connection with such supplies of water;

(b) provide for a requirement so imposed to be enforceable under section 18 by—

(i) the Minister, or

(ii) the Authority, with the consent of or in accordance with a general authorisation given by the Secretary of State.

(2) The Minister may, in accordance with section 39ZA, by regulations prescribe such standards of performance in connection with the provision of supplies of water as, in the Minister's opinion, ought to be achieved in individual cases.

(3) Regulations under subsection (2) may provide that if a water supply licensee fails to meet a prescribed standard the licensee must pay such amount as may be prescribed to any person who—

(a) is affected by the failure, and

(b) is of a prescribed description.

(4) Without prejudice to the generality of the power conferred by subsection (2), regulations under subsection (2) may—

(a) include in a standard of performance a requirement for a water supply licensee, in prescribed circumstances, to inform a person of that person's rights by virtue of any such regulations;

(b) provide for a dispute under the regulations to be referred by either party to the dispute to the Authority;

(c) make provision for the procedure to be followed in connection with any such reference and for the Authority's determination on such a reference to be enforceable in such manner as may be prescribed;

(d) prescribe circumstances in which a water supply licensee is to be exempted from requirements of the regulations.

(5) Where the Authority determines any dispute in accordance with regulations under this section it must, in such manner as may be specified in the regulations, give its reasons for reaching its decision with respect to the dispute.

(6) In this section—

“the Minister” means—the Secretary of State, in relation to supplies of water made in accordance with a retail authorisation;the Welsh Ministers, in relation to supplies of water made in accordance with a restricted retail authorisation;

“prescribed” means prescribed by regulations made by the Minister.

Information with respect to levels of performance.

38A

(1) the Authority shall from time to time collect information with respect to—

(a) the compensation paid by water undertakers under regulations under section 38(2) above; ...

(aa) the compensation paid by water supply licensees under regulations under section 38ZA(2); and

(b) the levels of overall performance achieved by water undertakers or water supply licensees in connection with the provision of water supplies.

(2) At such times as the Authority may direct, each water undertaker shall give the following information to the Authority—

(a) as respects each standard prescribed by regulations under section 38(2) above, the number of cases in which compensation was paid and the aggregate amount or value of that compensation; and

(b) as respects each standard established by regulations under section 38(1)(b) above, such information with respect to the level of performance achieved by the undertaker as may be so specified.

(2A) At such times as the Authority may direct, each water supply licensee is to give the following information to the Authority—

(a) as respects each standard established by regulations under section 38ZA(1), such information with respect to the level of performance achieved by the licensee as may be specified in the direction;

(b) as respects each standard prescribed by regulations under section 38ZA(2), the number of cases in which compensation was paid and the aggregate amount or value of that compensation.

(3) The requirements in subsections (2) and (2A) are enforceable by the Authority under section 18.

(4) The Authority shall, at least once in every year, arrange for the publication, in such form and in such manner as it considers appropriate, of such of the information collected by or given to it under this section as it may appear to it expedient to give to customers or potential customers of water undertakers or water supply licensees.

(5) In arranging for the publication of any such information the Authority shall have regard to the need for excluding, so far as practicable—

(a) any matter which relates to the affairs of an individual, where publication of that matter would or might, in the opinion of the Authority, seriously and prejudicially affect the interests of that individual; and

(b) any matter which relates specifically to the affairs of a particular body of persons, whether corporate or unincorporate, where publication of that matter would or might, in the opinion of the Authority, seriously and prejudicially affect the interests of that body.

Publication of statistical information about complaints

38B

(1) It shall be the duty of the Council to publish, in such form and manner and with such frequency as it thinks appropriate, such statistical information as it considers appropriate relating to complaints made by consumers about any matter relating to the activities of water undertakers or water supply licensees and the handling of such complaints.

(2) In subsection (1) above, “complaints” includes complaints made directly to water undertakers or water supply licensees (or anyone carrying on activities on their behalf) and complaints to the Authority, the Council, the Assembly or the Secretary of State.

Procedure for regulations under section 38.

39

(A1) The Secretary of State may make regulations under section 38 above—

(a) on an application by the Authority, in accordance with subsections (1) to (3) below; or

(b) otherwise than on such an application, in accordance with subsections (4) to (8) below.

(1) Where the Authority has made to the Secretary of State a written application complying with subsection (2) below, the Secretary of State may make regulations under section 38 above if—

(b) the Secretary of State is satisfied that a copy of the application has been served by the Authority—

(i) on every water undertaker specified in the application;. . .

(ii) on persons or bodies appearing to the Secretary of State to be representative of persons likely to be affected by the regulations;

(iii) on the Council; and

(iv) on such other persons or bodies as the Secretary of State may consider appropriate;

(i) by the Authority; and

(ii) by any affected water undertaker or person or body on whom a copy of the application has been served under paragraph (b) above,

of representations or objections with respect to the Authority's proposals and any modifications proposed by the Secretary of State; and

(d) the Secretary of State has considered the summary mentioned in subsection (2)(bb) below, the Authority's reasons for its proposals and every representation or objection which has been duly made with respect to those proposals, or any proposed modifications of those proposals, and has not been withdrawn.

(1A) Before making an application to the Secretary of State under this section the Authority shall arrange for such research as it considers appropriate with a view to discovering the views of a representative sample of persons likely to be affected and consider the results.

(2) An application made by the Authority to the Secretary of State complies with this subsection if it—

(a) sets out the Authority’s proposals for the making of regulations under section 38 above;

(b) specifies the water undertaker or undertakers in relation to which it is proposed the regulations should apply

(bb) is accompanied by a written summary of the results of the research carried out in accordance with subsection (1A) above; ; and

(3) The Secretary of State shall not make any regulations on an application by the Authority under this section except where—

(a) the only provisions of the regulations are those which in the opinion of the Secretary of State give effect to the proposals set out in the Authority’s application or to those proposals with such modifications as the Secretary of State considers appropriate; and

(b) each of the modifications (if any) of the Authority's proposals to which effect is given by the regulations is a modification the proposal to make which has been notified—

(i) to the Authority;. . .

(ii) to any water undertaker appearing to the Secretary of State to be likely to be affected by the modifications and

(iii) to any person or body on whom a copy of the Authority’s application was served under subsection (1)(b) above.

(4) Where no such application as is mentioned in subsection (1) above has been made, the Secretary of State may make regulations under section 38 above only if he considers—

(a) that the regulations will contribute towards the attainment of policies relating to public health or the environment; or

(b) (if he does not consider that they will so contribute) that there are exceptional reasons why it is otherwise in the public interest that the regulations should be made.

(5) Before making regulations under section 38 above by virtue of subsection (4) above, the Secretary of State shall—

(a) give notice of his proposals;

(b) consider the results of the research carried out in accordance with subsection (7) below; and

(6) A notice under subsection (5)(a) above must—

(a) summarise the Secretary of State’s reasons for his proposals;

(b) specify the water undertaker or undertakers in relation to which it is proposed the regulations should apply; and

(7) Before giving notice under subsection (5)(a) above the Secretary of State shall arrange for such research as he considers appropriate with a view to discovering the views of a representative sample of persons likely to be affected.

(8) A notice under subsection (5)(a) above shall be given by serving a copy on—

(a) the Authority;

(b) the Council;

(d) persons or bodies appearing to the Secretary of State to be representative of persons likely to be affected by the regulations; and

(e) such other persons or bodies as the Secretary of State may consider appropriate.

Procedure for regulations under section 38ZA

39ZA

(1) Section 39 applies for the purposes of making regulations under section 38ZA as it applies for the purposes of making regulations under section 38.

(2) In the application of section 39 by virtue of subsection (1)—

(a) a reference to a water undertaker is to be treated as a reference to a water supply licensee, and

(b) a reference to the Secretary of State is to be treated as a reference to the Minister (as defined in section 38ZA(6)).

(3) Regulations under section 38ZA are to be made by statutory instrument.

(4) A statutory instrument containing regulations under section 38ZA is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of—

(a) either House of Parliament, in the case of regulations made by the Secretary of State;

(b) the Assembly, in the case of regulations made by the Welsh Ministers.

(5) Section 213(2) to (2B) applies to regulations made by the Welsh Ministers under section 38ZA as it applies to regulations made by the Secretary of State.

Information to be given to customers about overall performance.

39A

(1) Each water undertaker shall, in such form and manner and with such frequency as the Authority may direct, take steps to inform its customers , and, if the direction so specifies, water supply licensees using the undertaker’s supply system for the purpose of supplying water to the premises of customers or those customers, of—

(a) the standards of overall performance established under section 38(1)(b) above which are applicable to that undertaker; and

(b) that undertaker’s level of performance as respects each of those standards.

(1A) Each water supply licensee must, in such form and manner and with such frequency as the Authority may direct, take steps to inform the licensee's customers of—

(a) the standards of overall performance established under section 38ZA(1) which are applicable to that licensee;

(b) that licensee's level of performance as regards those standards.

(1B) The Authority may direct that the requirement in subsection (1A) is not to apply to such water supply licensees as may be specified in the direction.

(2) In giving a direction under subsection (1) or (1A), the Authority shall not specify a frequency of less than once in every period of twelve months.

(2A) The water supply licensees referred to in subsection (1) above shall, if the Authority so directs, pass on the information about the matters mentioned in that subsection to their customers.

(2B) In subsection (1) above, the reference to the water undertaker’s supply system shall be construed in accordance with section 17B above.

(3) The duty of a water undertaker or water supply licensee to comply with this section shall be enforceable by the Authority under section 18 above.

Drought plans: preparation and review

39B

(1) It shall be the duty of each water undertaker to prepare , publish and maintain a drought plan.

(2) A drought plan is a plan for how the water undertaker will continue, during a period of drought, to discharge its duties to supply adequate quantities of wholesome water, with as little recourse as reasonably possible to drought orders or drought permits under Chapter 3 of Part 2 of the Water Resources Act 1991.

(3) The duties referred to in subsection (2) above include in particular those imposed under or by virtue of—

(a) section 37 above;

(b) sections 67 to 69 below.

(4) A drought plan shall address, in particular, the following matters—

(a) what measures the water undertaker might need to take to restrain the demand for water within its area;

(b) what measures the water undertaker might need to take to obtain extra water from other sources (also taking into account for that purpose the introduction of water into the undertaker’s supply system by or on behalf of water supply licensees);

(d) such other matters as the Secretary of State may specify in directions.

(5) Section 37B above (water resources management plans: publication and representations), including any power in that section to make regulations or give directions, applies in relation to drought plans (including revised plans) as it applies in relation to water resources management plans.

(6) Each water undertaker shall review (or further review) its drought plan and prepare and publish a revised plan in each of the following cases—

(a) if there is a material change of circumstances;

(b) if directed to do so by the Secretary of State;

(c) in any event, not later than the end of the period of five years beginning with the date when the plan (or revised plan) was last published in accordance with section 37B(8)(a) above as applied by subsection (5) above,

and shall follow the procedure in section 37B above as applied by subsection (5) above (whether or not the revised plan prepared by the undertaker includes any proposed alterations to the previous plan).

(7) Before preparing its drought plan (including a revised plan), the water undertaker shall consult—

(a) the Environment Agency, if the plan (or revised plan) would affect water resources in England;

(aa) the NRBW, if the plan (or revised plan) would affect water resources in Wales;

(b) the Authority;

(d) any water supply licensee which supplies water to premises in the undertaker’s area via the undertaker’s supply system.

(8) The Secretary of State may give directions specifying the form which a drought plan must take.

(9) Directions given under this section (including directions given under section 37B above as applied by subsection (5) above) may be—

(a) general directions applying to all water undertakers; or

(b) directions applying only to one or more water undertakers specified in the directions,

and shall be given by an instrument in writing.

(10) It shall be the duty of each water undertaker to whom directions apply to comply with the directions.

(11) Before giving a direction under subsection (6)(b), the Secretary of State shall consult—

(a) the Environment Agency, if the revised plan would affect water resources in England, and

(b) the NRBW, if the revised plan would affect water resources in Wales.

(11A) Before giving a direction under subsection (6)(b), the Welsh Ministers shall consult—

(a) the NRBW, if the revised plan would affect water resources in Wales, and

(b) the Environment Agency, if the revised plan would affect water resources in England.

(12) The duty of a water undertaker under this section shall be enforceable by the Secretary of State under section 18 above.

Drought plans: provision of information

39C

(1) It shall be the duty of each water supply licensee to provide the water undertaker with such information as the water undertaker may reasonably request for the purposes of preparing or revising its drought plan.

(2) In the event of any dispute between a water undertaker and a water supply licensee as to the reasonableness of the water undertaker’s request under subsection (1) above, either party may refer the matter for determination by the Secretary of State, and any such determination shall be final.

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (b) of section 37B(1) above as applied by section 39B(5) above, the water undertaker shall identify in its statement under that paragraph any information—

(a) provided by a water supply licensee pursuant to subsection (1) above; and

(b) contained in the water undertaker’s draft drought plan,

which the water supply licensee has (at the time of providing it to the water undertaker) specifically identified as being, in the water supply licensee's opinion, commercially confidential.

(4) The water undertaker shall not use any unpublished information save for the purpose of facilitating the performance by it of any of the duties imposed on it by or under this Act, any of the other consolidation Acts or the Water Act 1989.

(5) In subsection (4) above—

(a) “unpublished information” means confidential information which—

(i) is provided to the water undertaker by a water supply licensee under this section;

(ii) relates to the affairs of any individual or to any particular business; and

(iii) by virtue of section 37B above as applied by section 39B(5) above, is not published;

(b) “the other consolidation Acts” has the same meaning as in section 206 below.

(6) The duties of a water supply licensee and a water undertaker under this section shall be enforceable by the Secretary of State under section 18 above.

Drought plans: supplementary

39D

(1) The Minister may by order made by statutory instrument amend the period for the time being specified in section 39B(6)(c).

(2) In subsection (1), “the Minister” means—

(a) the Secretary of State, in relation to an order applying to water undertakers whose areas are wholly or mainly in England, and

(b) the Welsh Ministers, in relation to an order applying to water undertakers whose areas are wholly or mainly in Wales.

(3) A statutory instrument containing an order made by the Secretary of State under subsection (1) is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(4) A statutory instrument containing an order made by the Welsh Ministers under subsection (1) is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the Assembly.

(5) Subsection (6) applies in relation to a statutory instrument containing both—

(a) an order made by the Secretary of State under subsection (1), and

(b) an order made by the Welsh Ministers under subsection (1).

(6) If in accordance with subsection (3) or (4) (negative resolution procedure)—

(a) either House of Parliament resolves that an address be presented to Her Majesty praying that an instrument containing an order made by the Secretary of State be annulled, or

(b) the Assembly resolves that an instrument containing an order made by the Welsh Ministers be annulled,

the instrument is to have no further effect and Her Majesty may by Order in Council revoke the instrument.

chapter II — SUPPLY DUTIES

Major supplies

Bulk supplies.

40

(1) This section applies where—

(a) a qualifying person requests a water undertaker to provide a supply of water in bulk to the qualifying person, or

(b) a water undertaker proposes such an arrangement;

and references in this section to the supplier are references to the water undertaker who is to provide the supply of water.

(2) In this section “qualifying person” means—

(a) a water undertaker;

(b) a person who has made an application for an appointment or variation under section 8 which has not been determined.

(3) On the application of the qualifying person or the supplier, the Authority may—

(a) if it appears to the Authority that it is necessary or expedient for the purposes of securing the efficient use of water resources, or the efficient supply of water, that the supplier should give a supply of water in bulk to the qualifying person, and

(b) if the Authority is satisfied that the supplier and qualifying person cannot reach agreement within a reasonable time,

by order require the supplier to give and the qualifying person to take a supply of water in bulk for such period and on such terms and conditions as may be specified in the order.

(4) Before making an order under subsection (3), the Authority must consult the appropriate agency, in particular about whether the proposed supply of water would secure an efficient use of water resources, taking into account the effect on the environment of the proposed supply.

(5) Subject to subsection (6), an order under subsection (3) has effect as an agreement between the supplier and the qualifying person.

(6) If the Authority makes an order under subsection (3) that affects a person who is a qualifying person by virtue of subsection (2)(b), the Authority must frame the order so that it does not have effect until—

(a) the person becomes a water undertaker for the area specified in the order, or

(b) the person becomes a water undertaker for an area that includes the area specified in the order (in the case of a water undertaker applying for a variation).

(7) Neither the CMA nor the Authority may exercise, in respect of an agreement for the supply of water in bulk by a water undertaker to a qualifying person, the powers conferred by—

(a) section 32 of the Competition Act 1998 (directions in relation to agreements);

(b) section 35(2) of that Act (interim directions).

(8) Subsection (7)(b) does not apply to the exercise of powers in respect of conduct—

(a) which is connected with an agreement for the supply of water in bulk by a water undertaker to a qualifying person, and

(b) in respect of which section 35(1) of the Competition Act 1998 applies because of an investigation under section 25 of that Act relating to a suspected infringement of the Chapter 2 prohibition imposed by section 18(1) of that Act.

(9) In exercising its functions under this section, the Authority must have regard to the desirability of—

(a) facilitating effective competition within the water supply industry;

(b) the supplier's recovering the expenses of complying with its obligations by virtue of this section and securing a reasonable return on its capital;

(c) the supplier's being able to meet its existing obligations, and likely future obligations, to supply water without having to incur unreasonable expenditure in carrying out works;

(d) not putting at risk the ability of the supplier to meet its existing obligations, or likely future obligations, to supply water.

(10) In this section and section 40A “the appropriate agency”, in relation to a determination whether to make an order under subsection (3) or section 40A(1) which would result in, or which would vary or terminate, a bulk supply agreement, means—

(a) the Environment Agency, in a case where all parties to the bulk supply agreement are or would be—

(i) a water undertaker whose area is wholly in England, or

(ii) a person who would, if the person's application for an appointment or variation is determined in accordance with the application, be such a water undertaker;

(b) the NRBW, in a case where all parties to the bulk supply agreement are or would be—

(i) a water undertaker whose area is wholly in Wales, or

(ii) a person who would, if the person's application for an appointment or variation is determined in accordance with the application, be such a water undertaker;

(11) In this section and sections 40A to 40J “bulk supply agreement” means an agreement with one or more water undertakers for the supply of water in bulk and includes—

(a) an order under subsection (3) which is deemed to be an agreement by virtue of subsection (5), and

(b) any agreement which has been varied by order under section 40A(1).

Variation and termination of bulk supply agreements.

40A

(1) On the application of any party to a bulk supply agreement, the Authority may—

(a) if it appears to the Authority that it is necessary or expedient for the purpose of securing the efficient use of water resources, or the efficient supply of water, that the bulk supply agreement should be varied or terminated, and

(b) if the Authority is satisfied that variation or termination cannot be achieved by agreement within a reasonable time,

by order vary or terminate the bulk supply agreement.

(2) Before making an order under subsection (1), the Authority must consult the appropriate agency, in particular about whether the proposed variation or termination of the bulk supply agreement would secure an efficient use of water resources, taking into account the effect on the environment of what is proposed.

(3) If an order under subsection (1) is made in relation to a bulk supply agreement, the agreement—

(a) has effect subject to the provision made by the order, or

(b) ceases to have effect (as the case may be).

(4) An order under subsection (1) may require any party to the agreement to pay compensation to any other party.

(5) Neither the CMA nor the Authority may exercise, in respect of an agreement to vary or terminate a bulk supply agreement, the powers conferred by—

(a) section 32 of the Competition Act 1998 (directions in relation to agreements);

(b) section 35(2) of that Act (interim directions).

(6) Subsection (5)(b) does not apply to the exercise of powers in respect of conduct—

(a) which is connected with an agreement to vary or terminate a bulk supply agreement, and

(b) in respect of which section 35(1) of the Competition Act 1998 applies because of an investigation under section 25 of that Act relating to a suspected infringement of the Chapter 2 prohibition imposed by section 18(1) of that Act.

(7) In exercising its functions under this section, the Authority must have regard to the expenses incurred by the supplier in complying with its obligations under the bulk supply agreement in question and to the desirability of—

(a) facilitating effective competition within the water supply industry;

(b) the supplier's recovering the expenses of complying with its obligations by virtue of this section and securing a reasonable return on its capital;

(c) the supplier's being able to meet its existing obligations, and likely future obligations, to supply water without having to incur unreasonable expenditure in carrying out works;

(d) not putting at risk the ability of the supplier to meet its existing obligations, or likely future obligations, to supply water.

(8) In this section and sections 40B to 40J—

“qualifying person” has the meaning given by section 40;

“supplier”, in relation to a bulk supply agreement, means any water undertaker which is required by the agreement to provide a bulk supply of water.

Codes in respect of bulk supply agreements

40B

(1) The Authority may issue one or more codes in respect of bulk supply agreements.

(2) A code may make provision about—

(a) procedures in connection with making a bulk supply agreement;

(b) procedures in connection with varying or terminating a bulk supply agreement;

(d) the terms and conditions of a bulk supply agreement, including terms as to the duration of such an agreement;

(e) principles for determining the terms and conditions that should or should not be incorporated into a bulk supply agreement;

(f) the steps to be taken by the Authority in determining whether a person is complying with a code.

(3) A code must include provision requiring persons proposing to make, vary or terminate a bulk supply agreement to consult the appropriate agency.

(4) If the Authority considers that a water undertaker is not acting as required by a code, the Authority may give the undertaker a direction to do, or not to do, a particular thing specified in the direction.

(5) The Authority may not give a direction under subsection (4) requiring a person to enter into, vary or terminate an agreement.

(6) It is the duty of a water undertaker to comply with a direction under subsection (4), and this duty is enforceable by the Authority under section 18.

(7) A code may make different provision for different persons or different descriptions of person.

(8) The Authority may from time to time revise a code issued under this section and issue a revised code.

(9) A revised code may include provision for applying any of its revisions to bulk supply agreements made before the revised code comes into force.

(10) In this section “the appropriate agency”, in relation to a bulk supply agreement or proposed bulk supply agreement, means the body that would be consulted by the Authority under section 40(4) or 40A(2) if an order under section 40(3) or 40A(1) were being considered in relation to the agreement or proposed agreement.

Codes under section 40B: procedure

40C

(1) Before issuing a code under section 40B, the Authority must—

(a) prepare a draft of the proposed code under section 40B;

(b) consult the appropriate agency;

(2) The Authority must specify the period (“the consultation period”) within which persons may make representations about the proposed code.

(3) Before a code under section 40B prepared by the Authority is issued, the Minister may direct the Authority—

(a) not to issue the code, or

(b) to issue the code with specified modifications.

(4) Subsection (3) is subject to subsections (6) and (7).

(5) In subsection (3) “the Minister” means—

(a) the Secretary of State, so far as a code prepared by the Authority relates to bulk supply agreements to which all parties are—

(i) a water undertaker whose area is wholly or mainly in England, or

(ii) a person who would, if the person's application for an appointment or variation is determined in accordance with the application, be such a water undertaker;

(b) the Welsh Ministers, so far as a code prepared by the Authority relates to bulk supply agreements to which all parties are—

(i) a water undertaker whose area is wholly or mainly in Wales, or

(ii) a person who would, if the person's application for an appointment or variation is determined in accordance with the application, be such a water undertaker;

(c) the Secretary of State and the Welsh Ministers acting jointly, so far as a code prepared by the Authority relates to bulk supply agreements to which—

(i) a person falling within paragraph (a)(i) or (ii) is party, and

(ii) a person falling within paragraph (b)(i) or (ii) is party.

(6) If the power under subsection (3) is exercised to give a direction in respect of such bulk supply agreements as are referred to in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of subsection (5), it may not be exercised again in respect of such bulk supply agreements as are referred to in that paragraph.

(7) If the power under subsection (3) to give a direction in respect of such bulk supply agreements as are referred to in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of subsection (5) is not exercised on the first occasion on which it may be so exercised, it may not be exercised in respect of such bulk supply agreements as are referred to in that paragraph on a later occasion.

(8) A direction under subsection (3) must be given within the period of 28 days beginning with the day after the end of the consultation period, and a code prepared by the Authority in relation to which a direction may be given may not be issued before that period of 28 days has expired.

(9) In this section “the appropriate agency” means—

(a) the Environment Agency, so far as a proposed code relates to bulk supply agreements to which all parties are persons mentioned in section 40(10)(a)(i) or (ii);

(b) the NRBW, so far as a proposed code relates to bulk supply agreements to which all parties are persons mentioned in section 40(10)(b)(i) or (ii);

(10) This section is subject to section 40D.

Codes under section 40B: minor or urgent revisions

40D

(1) This section applies if the Authority proposes to issue a revised code under section 40B and, in the view of the Authority, the revision or each of the revisions proposed to be made is—

(a) a revision for which consultation is unnecessary, or

(b) a revision that it is necessary or desirable to make without delay.

(2) Section 40C does not apply to the proposed revised code.

(3) Once the Authority has issued the revised code, it must give notice as soon as reasonably practicable of—

(a) the issuing of the revised code, and

(b) as regards each revision contained in it, whether in the view of the Authority the revision falls within paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (1).

(4) Notice under subsection (3) is to be given to such persons as the Authority considers appropriate.

(5) Unless the Authority gives notice that a revision in a revised code is in the view of the Authority a revision falling within subsection (1)(a), the revision ceases to have effect at the end of the period of six months beginning with the day after that on which the revised code is issued.

Rules about charges for the supply of water in bulk

40E

(1) The Authority may issue rules about charges that may be imposed by a water undertaker under a bulk supply agreement.

(2) The rules may in particular make provision about—

(a) what types of charge may be imposed;

(b) the amount or the maximum amount, or a method for determining the amount or maximum amount, of any type of charge;

(d) principles for determining the amount of any charge that may be imposed;

(e) publication of the charges that may be imposed.

(3) If the Authority considers that a water undertaker is not acting as required by rules under this section, the Authority may give the undertaker a direction to do, or not to do, a particular thing specified in the direction.

(4) It is the duty of a water undertaker to comply with a direction under subsection (3), and this duty is enforceable by the Authority under section 18.

(5) The rules may—

(a) make different provision for different water undertakers or different descriptions of water undertaker;

(b) make different provision for different purposes;

(6) The Authority may from time to time revise rules issued under this section and issue revised rules.

(7) The Authority must issue revised rules if—

(a) guidance is issued under section 40I, and

(b) the Authority, having regard to that guidance, considers that it is appropriate to revise the rules.

(8) Revised rules may include provision for applying any of their revisions to bulk supply agreements made before the revised rules come into effect.

Rules under section 40E: provision about the reduction of charges

40F

(1) Rules under section 40E may provide for the reduction of charges payable for a supply of water under a bulk supply agreement where conditions specified by the rules are satisfied.

(2) Rules made by virtue of subsection (1) may in particular—

(a) specify conditions that affect any party to a bulk supply agreement;

(b) require that steps be taken for the purpose of reducing or managing water consumption;

(i) is not party to the agreement, and

(ii) takes or proposes to take such steps as satisfy or would satisfy a condition falling within paragraph (b).

(3) The rules may provide that, where a charge falls to be reduced in accordance with rules made by virtue of subsection (1), the water undertaker to which the charges are payable must give notice of that reduction to the Authority.

(4) Rules made by virtue of subsection (3) may—

(a) make provision as to the content of the notice;

(b) specify the period within which an undertaker is to give notice to the Authority.

(5) Provision under subsection (4)(a) may in particular require the notice to specify—

(a) the provision of the rules that brings about the reduction in the charge;

(b) the amount of the charge, with and without the reduction;

Rules under section 40E: procedure

40G

(1) Before issuing rules under section 40E, the Authority must—

(a) prepare a draft of the proposed rules, and

(b) consult such persons about the proposed rules as it thinks appropriate.

(2) The Authority must specify the period (“the consultation period”) within which persons may make representations about the proposed rules.

(3) The Authority must have regard to guidance issued under section 40I in making rules under section 40E.

(4) Before rules under section 40E prepared by the Authority are issued, the Minister may direct the Authority not to issue the rules.

(5) In subsection (4) “the Minister” means—

(a) the Secretary of State, so far as rules prepared by the Authority relate to bulk supply agreements to which all parties are—

(i) a water undertaker whose area is wholly or mainly in England, or

(ii) a person who would, if the person's application for an appointment or variation is determined in accordance with the application, be such a water undertaker;

(b) the Welsh Ministers, so far as rules prepared by the Authority relate to bulk supply agreements to which all parties are—

(i) a water undertaker whose area is wholly or mainly in Wales, or

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