Legalize / United Kingdom / Public General Act

Income Tax Act 2007

Type Public General Act

Publication 2007-03-20

Last updated 2026-01-20

State In force

Department Statute Law Database

Source legislation.gov.uk

articles Not indexed

Reform history JSON API

(a) any reference to drawing out, receiving back or reimbursing an amount is to doing so directly or indirectly,

(b) any reference to drawing out or receiving back an amount does not include drawing out or receiving back an amount which, because of its being drawn out or received back, is chargeable to income tax as profits of a trade, and

(c) any reference to reimbursing an amount includes discharging or assuming all or part of a liability of the individual,

but the express provision made by paragraph (c) does not affect what counts as the receipt back or reimbursement of an amount.

(9) This section needs to be read with any regulations made under section 802 (specified amounts to be excluded in calculating a partner's capital contribution for the purposes of section 797).

Exclusion of amounts in calculating capital contribution by a partner

802

(1) This section applies if an individual makes a relevant claim for a film-related loss made by the individual in a trade as a partner in a firm.

(2) The Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs may by regulations provide that any amount of a specified description is to be excluded in calculating the individual's capital contribution for the purposes of section 797.

(3) “Specified” means specified in the regulations.

(4) The regulations may—

(a) make provision having retrospective effect,

(b) contain incidental, supplemental, consequential and transitional provision and savings, and

(5) The provision which may be made as a result of subsection (4)(b) includes provision amending or repealing any provision of an Act passed before FA 2005.

(6) No regulations may be made under this section unless a draft of them has been laid before and approved by a resolution of the House of Commons.

Prohibition against double counting

803

(1) Subsections (2) and (3) apply for the purpose of calculating the amount of income received under section 797 on a chargeable event in respect of the individual and the trade.

(2) If chargeable events have previously occurred in respect of the individual and the trade, any consideration taken into account in calculating the amount of income received on an earlier chargeable event is left out of account.

(3) If chargeable events have previously occurred in respect of the individual and the trade, the amount of income received as a result of section 797(5)(b) is reduced (but not below nil) by the total amount of income received on earlier chargeable events as a result of that provision.

(4) In a case to which section 800(10) (cases in which firm is carrying on, or has carried on, more than one trade) applies—

(a) subsections (2) and (3) of this section have effect as if references to the trade were references to any of the firm's trades, and

(b) if chargeable events in respect of the individual and any of the firm's trades occur at the same time, to find the total amount of income received under section 797 at that time on those chargeable events—

(i) calculate separately the income received on each chargeable event ignoring the other chargeable events,

(ii) add the results from sub-paragraph (i) together, and

(iii) reduce the total amount of income resulting from sub-paragraph (ii) so far as necessary to ensure that no amount is included more than once in that total.

Charge to tax on income treated as received under section 805

804

(1) Income tax is charged on income treated as received by an individual under section 805.

(2) Tax is charged under this section on the amount of the income treated as received in the tax year.

(3) The person liable for any tax charged under this section is the individual treated as receiving the income.

805

(1) This section applies if—

(a) an individual carries on a trade as a non-active partner during an early tax year,

(b) the individual makes a loss in the trade in that tax year for which the individual claims sideways relief or capital gains relief (a “relevant claim”),

(c) the loss derives to any extent from expenditure incurred in the trade in exploiting a licence acquired in carrying on the trade, and

(d) there is a relevant disposal of the licence.

(2) For the purposes of this section and section 806 there is a relevant disposal of the licence whenever the individual receives non-taxable consideration for—

(a) a disposal of the licence, or

(b) a disposal of a right to income under an agreement related to or containing the licence.

(3) If one or more chargeable events occur in any tax year, the individual is treated as receiving an amount of income in the tax year.

The income is treated as arising otherwise than as profits of the trade.

(4) For the purposes of this section and section 806 a chargeable event occurs whenever—

(a) there is a relevant disposal of the licence (if by that time the individual has made a relevant claim), or

(b) the individual makes a relevant claim (if by that time there has been a relevant disposal of the licence).

(5) For the purposes of this section and section 806 consideration is non-taxable if—

(a) (apart from section 804) it is not chargeable to income tax, and

(b) its receipt is not an exit event for the purposes of section 797.

(6) For the purposes of this section and section 806 it does not matter—

(a) if the individual (or anyone else) is still carrying on the trade when a chargeable event occurs,

(b) if the individual receives both non-taxable and taxable consideration for a relevant disposal of the licence, or

Calculation of amount of income treated as received by the individual

806

The amount of income treated under section 805 as received by the individual in the tax year is calculated by taking the following steps. Step 1

Supplementary provision relating to calculation in section 806

807

(1) This section applies for the purposes of section 806.

(2) For the purposes of Step 1, the amount of a loss made in a tax year that relates to the licence is so much of the loss in the tax year as derives from expenditure incurred in the trade in exploiting the licence.

(3) The amount of the loss that derives from such expenditure is determined on a just and reasonable basis.

(4) For the purposes of Step 1, a loss is a claimed loss if the individual has claimed sideways relief or capital gains relief for the loss.

(5) For the purposes of Step 2, the amount of profits made in a tax year that relates to the licence is so much of the individual's profits from the trade in the tax year as derives from income arising from an agreement related to or containing the licence.

(6) The amount of the profits that derives from such income is determined on a just and reasonable basis.

Meaning of “disposal of the licence” etc

808

(1) For the purposes of section 805 any reference to—

(a) a disposal of a licence acquired in carrying on a trade, or

(b) a disposal of a right to income under an agreement related to or containing a licence acquired in carrying on a trade (“a licence-related agreement”),

includes, in particular, any of events A to E.

(2) Event A is the revocation of the licence.

(3) Event B is the disposal, giving up or loss of—

(a) a right under the licence, or

(b) a right to income (or any part of any income) under a licence-related agreement,

by the individual or by a firm in which the individual is a partner.

It does not matter if the right is disposed of, given up or lost as part of a larger disposal, giving up or loss.

(4) Event C is the disposal, giving up or loss of the individual's interest in a firm that has the licence or a right to income under a licence-related agreement (including the dissolution of the firm).

(5) Event D is a default in the payment of income to which—

(a) the individual, or

(b) a firm in which the individual is a partner,

has a right under a licence-related agreement.

(6) Event E is a change in the individual's entitlement to any profits or losses relating to the licence the effect of which is that—

(a) the individual's share of any profits is reduced (including to nil), or

(b) the individual becomes entitled to a share, or a greater share, of any losses without becoming entitled to a corresponding share of profits.

(7) The changes covered by event E include cases where there is an agreement under which the individual is entitled—

(a) to a particular share of any profits or losses relating to the licence in a period (including a nil share), and

(b) to a different share of any such profits or losses in a succeeding period (including a nil share).

(8) In such cases the change in the individual's entitlement is treated for the purposes of section 805 as occurring at the beginning of the succeeding period.

(9) For the purposes of this section—

(a) references to any profits relating to the licence are to any profits deriving to any extent from income to which the individual has a right under a licence-related agreement, and

(b) references to any losses relating to the licence are to losses deriving to any extent from expenditure incurred in exploiting the licence.

Other definitions

809

(1) References in sections 805 and 806 to an individual carrying on a trade as a non-active partner in an early tax year are to be read as if those sections were contained in Chapter 3 of Part 4 (see, in particular, section 103B).

(2) But for that purpose, section 103B(1)(b) (which contains a requirement that the individual does not carry on the trade as a limited partner at any time during the tax year) is treated as if it were omitted.

(3) For the purposes of sections 805 to 808 an agreement is related to a licence if the agreement and licence are entered into under the same arrangement (regardless of when the agreement or licence is entered into).

(4) For the purposes of sections 805 to 808 an agreement, or part of an agreement, is not prevented from being a licence merely because it imposes an obligation to do a thing (rather than merely gives authority to do it).

References to exploiting a licence are to be read in that light.

Part 14 — Income tax liability: miscellaneous rules

Chapter 1 — Limits on liability to income tax of non-UK residents

Introduction

Overview of Chapter

810

(1) This Chapter provides for limits on the liability to income tax of non-UK residents.

(2) See sections 811 to 814 in the cases of—

(a) a non-UK resident, other than a company, and

(b) a non-UK resident company liable as a trustee.

(3) See sections 815 and 816 in the case of a non-UK resident company which is liable otherwise than as a trustee.

(4) In relation to an individual—

(a) a reference in this Chapter to a non-UK resident's liability to income tax is a reference to the liability of someone who is non-UK resident for the tax year for which the liability arises, and

(b) accordingly, enactments under which income arising to a UK resident in the overseas part of a split year is treated as arising to a non-UK resident are of no relevance to this Chapter.

Limit for non-UK resident individuals, trustees etc

Limit on liability to income tax of non-UK residents

811

(1) This section applies to income tax to which—

(a) a non-UK resident, other than a company, is liable, or

(b) a non-UK resident company is liable as a trustee.

(2) Subsection (1) is subject to section 812 (case where limit not to apply).

(3) The non-UK resident's liability to income tax for a tax year is limited to the sum of amounts A and B.

(4) Amount A is the sum of—

(a) any sums representing income tax deducted from the non-UK resident's disregarded income for the tax year (see section 813), and

(b) any sums representing income tax that are treated as deducted from or paid in respect of that income, ...

(5) Amount B is the amount that, apart from this section, would be the non-UK resident's liability to income tax for the tax year, if the following were left out of account—

(a) the non-UK resident's disregarded income for the tax year, and

(b) any relief mentioned in subsection (6) to which the non-UK resident is entitled for the tax year as a result of—

(i) section 56(3) or 460(3) of this Act ... (residence etc of claimants), or

(ii) double taxation arrangements.

(6) The reliefs referred to in subsection (5) are—

(a) an allowance under Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Act ... (personal allowance and blind person's allowance),

(b) a tax reduction under Chapter 3 of Part 3 of this Act ... (tax reductions for married couples and civil partners),

(d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and

(e) relief under section 266 of ICTA (life assurance premiums).

Case where limit not to apply

812

(1) Section 811 does not apply to income tax to which non-UK resident trustees are liable for a tax year, if there is a beneficiary of the trust who is—

(a) an individual who is ... UK resident, or

(b) a UK resident company.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) a person is a beneficiary of the trust if—

(a) the person is an actual or potential beneficiary of the trust, and

(b) condition A or B is met in relation to the person.

(3) Condition A is that the person is, or will or may become, entitled under the trust to receive some or all of any income under the trust.

(4) Condition B is that some or all of any income under the trust may be paid to or used for the benefit of the person in the exercise of a discretion conferred by the trust.

(5) The references in subsections (3) and (4) to any income under the trust include a reference to any capital under the trust so far as it represents amounts originally received by the trustees as income.

Meaning of “disregarded income”

813

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter income arising to a non-UK resident is “disregarded income” if it is—

(a) disregarded savings and investment income (see section 825),

(b) disregarded annual payments (see section 826),

(d) disregarded social security income,

(e) disregarded transaction income (see section 814), or

(f) income of such other description as the Treasury may by regulations designate for the purposes of this section.

(2) But income in relation to which the non-UK resident has a UK representative for the purposes of Chapter 2B is not disregarded income.

(3) Income is “disregarded pension income” if it is chargeable under Part 9 of ITEPA 2003 (pension income) because any of the following provisions of that Act applies to it—

section 577 (UK social security pensions),

section 579A (pensions under registered pension schemes) (but see subsection (4) below),

section 609 (annuities for the benefit of dependants),

section 610 (annuities under non-registered occupational pension schemes), or

section 611 (annuities in recognition of another's services).

(4) Income chargeable under Part 9 of ITEPA 2003 because section 579A of that Act applies to it is disregarded pension income only if the registered pension scheme in question—

(a) falls within paragraph 1(1)(f) of Schedule 36 to FA 2004, and

(b) was, immediately before 6 April 2006, a retirement annuity contract to which section 605 of ITEPA 2003 applied.

(5) Income is “disregarded social security income” if—

(a) it is a taxable benefit listed in Table A in section 660 of ITEPA 2003, other than income support or jobseeker's allowance, and

(b) it is chargeable under Part 10 of that Act (social security income).

Meaning of “disregarded transaction income”

814

(1) Subsection (2) applies if a non-UK resident carries on (alone or in partnership) a business through a broker in the United Kingdom.

(2) Income is “disregarded transaction income”, subject to subsection (6), if—

(a) it is transaction income, and

(b) the independent broker conditions are met in relation to the transaction in question.

(3) Subsection (4) applies if a non-UK resident carries on (alone or in partnership) a business through an investment manager in the United Kingdom.

(4) Income is “disregarded transaction income”, subject to subsection (6), if—

(a) it is transaction income, and

(b) the independent investment manager conditions are met in relation to the transaction in question.

(5) In this Chapter “transaction income”, in relation to a transaction carried out through a broker or investment manager in the United Kingdom on behalf of a non-UK resident, means income which arises to the non-UK resident from—

(a) so much of the non-UK resident's business carried on (alone or in partnership) through the broker or investment manager as relates to the transaction, or

(b) property or rights which, as a result of the transaction, are used by, or held by or for, the broker or investment manager on behalf of the non-UK resident.

(6) Income is not disregarded transaction income if it is chargeable to income tax in accordance with section 171(2) of FA 1993 (profits of the underwriting business of a member of Lloyd's).

(7) This section needs to be read with—

section 817 (the independent broker conditions),

sections 818 to 824 (the independent investment manager conditions),

section 827 (meaning of “investment manager” and “investment transaction”), and

section 828 (transactions through brokers and investment managers).

Limit for non-UK resident companies

Limit on liability to income tax of non-UK resident companies

815

(1) This section applies to income tax to which a non-UK resident company is liable, otherwise than as a trustee.

(2) The non-UK resident company's liability to income tax for a tax year is limited to the sum of amounts A and B.

(3) Amount A is the sum of—

(a) any amounts representing income tax deducted from the non-UK resident company's disregarded company income for the tax year, and

(b) any amounts representing income tax that are treated as deducted from or paid in respect of that income, ...

(4) Amount B is the amount that, apart from this section, would be the non-UK resident company's liability to income tax for the tax year if the non-UK resident company's disregarded company income for the tax year were left out of account.

Meaning of “disregarded company income”

816

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter income arising to a non-UK resident company is “disregarded company income” if it is—

(a) disregarded savings and investment income (see section 825),

(b) disregarded annual payments (see section 826),

(c) income arising from a transaction carried out through a broker in the United Kingdom acting as an agent of independent status in the ordinary course of the broker’s business,

(d) income arising from a transaction carried out through an investment manager in the United Kingdom acting as an agent of independent status in the ordinary course of the investment manager’s business, or

(e) income of such other description as the Treasury may by regulations designate for the purposes of this section.

(2) A broker is regarded for the purposes of subsection (1)(c) as an agent of independent status acting in the ordinary course of the broker’s business in relation to a transaction carried out on behalf of a non-UK resident company in the course of that company’s trade if, and only if, the independent broker conditions are met in relation to the transaction (see section 817).

(3) An investment manager is regarded for the purposes of subsection (1)(d) as an agent of independent status acting in the ordinary course of the investment manager’s business in relation to an investment transaction carried out on behalf of a non-UK resident company in the course of that company’s trade if, and only if, the independent investment manager conditions are met in relation to the investment transaction (see sections 818 to 824).

(4) This section needs to be read with—

section 827 (meaning of “investment manager” and “investment transaction”), and

section 828 (transactions through brokers and investment managers).

The independent broker conditions

817

(1) The independent broker conditions are met in relation to a transaction carried out on behalf of a non-UK resident by a broker in the United Kingdom if—

(a) conditions A to D are met, if this section applies for the purposes of section 813, or

(b) conditions A to C and E are met, if this section applies for the purposes of section 816.

(2) Condition A is that at the time of the transaction the broker is carrying on the business of a broker.

(3) Condition B is that the transaction is carried out ... in the ordinary course of that business.

(4) Condition C is that the remuneration which the broker receives in respect of the transaction for the provision of the services of a broker to the non-UK resident is not less than is customary for that class of business.

(5) Condition D is that the broker does not fall for the purposes of Chapter 2B of this Part, or of Chapter 1 of Part 7A of TCGA 1992, to be treated as a UK representative of the non-UK resident in relation to any other income which is chargeable to income tax, or amounts which are chargeable to capital gains tax, for the same tax year as the transaction income.

(6) Condition E is that the broker does not fall to be treated as a permanent establishment of the non-UK resident company in relation to any other transaction of any kind carried out in the same accounting period of the non-UK resident company as the transaction in question.

The independent investment manager conditions

818

(1) The independent investment manager conditions are met in relation to an investment transaction carried out on behalf of a non-UK resident by an investment manager in the United Kingdom if conditions A to E are met.

(2) Condition A is that at the time of the transaction the investment manager is carrying on a business of providing investment management services.

(3) Condition B is that the transaction is carried out in the ordinary course of that business.

(4) Condition C is that, when the investment manager acts on behalf of the non-UK resident in relation to the transaction, the relationship between them, having regard to its legal, financial and commercial characteristics, is a relationship between persons carrying on independent businesses dealing with each other at arm's length.

(5) Condition D is that the requirements of the 20% rule are met (see section 819).

(6) Condition E is that the remuneration which the investment manager receives in respect of the transaction for the provision of investment management services to the non-UK resident is not less than is customary for that class of business.

(7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Investment managers: the 20% rule

819

(1) The requirements of the 20% rule are met if conditions A and B are met.

(2) Condition A is that in relation to a qualifying period it has been or is the intention of the investment manager and the persons connected with the investment manager that at least 80% of the non-UK resident's relevant disregarded income should consist of amounts to which none of them has a beneficial entitlement.

(3) Condition B is that, so far as there is a failure to fulfil that intention, that failure—

(a) is attributable (directly or indirectly) to matters outside the control of the investment manager and persons connected with the investment manager, and

(b) does not result from a failure by any of them to take such steps as may be reasonable for mitigating the effect of those matters in relation to the fulfilment of that intention.

(4) This section needs to be read with—

section 820 (meaning of “qualifying period”),

section 821 (meaning of “relevant disregarded income”), and

section 822 (meaning of “beneficial entitlement”).

Meaning of “qualifying period”

820

(1) This section applies for the purposes of this Chapter.

(2) If section 819 applies for the purposes of section 813, a “qualifying period” means—

(a) the tax year in which the transaction income is chargeable to income tax, or

(b) a period of not more than 5 years comprising two or more tax years including that one.

(3) If section 819 applies for the purposes of section 816, a “qualifying period” means—

(a) the accounting period of the non-UK resident company in which the transaction in question is carried out, or

(b) a period of not more than 5 years comprising two or more complete accounting periods including that one.

Meaning of “relevant disregarded income”

821

(1) This section applies for the purposes of this Chapter.

(2) If section 819 applies for the purposes of section 813, the “relevant disregarded income” of the non-UK resident for the qualifying period is the total of the non-UK resident's income for the tax years comprised in the qualifying period which derives from the transactions mentioned in subsection (4).

(3) If section 819 applies for the purposes of section 816, the “relevant disregarded income” of the non-UK resident company for the qualifying period is the total of the non-UK resident company's income for the accounting periods comprised in the qualifying period which derives from the transactions mentioned in subsection (5) .

(4) The transactions referred to in subsection (2) are investment transactions—

(a) carried out by the investment manager on the non-UK resident's behalf, and

(b) in relation to which the independent investment manager conditions are met, ignoring the requirements of the 20% rule.

(5) The transactions referred to in subsection (3) are transactions—

(a) carried out by the investment manager on the non‑UK resident company’s behalf, and

(b) in relation to which the investment manager does not fall to be treated as a permanent establishment of the non‑UK resident company, ignoring the requirements of the 20% rule.

Meaning of “beneficial entitlement”

822

(1) This section applies for the purposes of this Chapter.

(2) A person has a “beneficial entitlement” to relevant disregarded income if the person has or may acquire a beneficial entitlement that is, or would be, attributable to the relevant disregarded income as a result of having an interest or other rights mentioned in subsection (3).

(3) The interests and rights referred to in subsection (2) are—

(a) an interest (whether or not an interest giving a right to an immediate payment of a share in the profits or gains) in property in which the whole or any part of the relevant disregarded income is represented, or

(b) an interest in, or other rights in relation to, the non-UK resident.

Treatment of transactions where requirements of 20% rule not met

823

(1) This section applies in the case of an investment transaction in relation to which the independent investment manager conditions are met, except for the requirements of the 20% rule.

(2) This Chapter has effect as if the requirements of that rule were met in relation to the transaction but only in relation to—

(a) so much of the transaction income of the non-UK resident as falls within subsection (3), if this section applies for the purposes of section 813, or

(b) so much of the income of the non-UK resident company deriving from the transaction as falls within subsection (3), if this section applies for the purposes of section 816.

(3) Income falls within this subsection if it does not represent income—

(a) which is relevant disregarded income of the non-UK resident, and

(b) to which the investment manager or a person connected with the investment manager has or has had any beneficial entitlement.

Application of 20% rule to collective investment schemes

824

(1) This section applies if amounts arise or accrue to the non-UK resident as a participant in a collective investment scheme.

(2) It applies for the purposes of determining whether the requirements of the 20% rule are met in relation to a transaction carried out for the purposes of the scheme (so far as the transaction is one in respect of which such amounts so arise or accrue).

(3) In applying this section make the following assumptions—

(a) that all the transactions carried out for the purposes of the scheme are carried out on behalf of a company (“the assumed company”) which is—

(i) constituted for the purposes of the scheme, and

(ii) non-UK resident, and

(b) that the participants do not have any rights in respect of the amounts arising or accruing in respect of those transactions, other than the rights which, if they held shares in the assumed company, would be their rights as shareholders.

(4) If the scheme is such that the assumed company would not be regarded for tax purposes as carrying on a trade in the United Kingdom in relation to the appropriate relevant period, the requirements of the 20% rule are treated as met in relation to a transaction carried out for the purposes of the scheme.

(5) If the scheme is such that the assumed company would be so regarded for tax purposes, sections 819 to 823 have effect in relation to a transaction carried out for the purposes of the scheme with the modifications in subsection (6).

(6) The modifications are—

(a) for references to the non-UK resident substitute references to the assumed company, and

(b) for references to the non-UK resident's relevant disregarded income for a qualifying period substitute references to the sum of the amounts that would, for relevant periods comprised in the qualifying period, be chargeable to tax on the assumed company as profits deriving from the transactions—

(i) carried out by the investment manager, and

(ii) assumed to be carried out on behalf of the company.

(7) In this section—

“the appropriate relevant period” is—the tax year in which the transaction income is chargeable to income tax, if this section applies for the purposes of section 813, orthe accounting period in which the transaction is carried out, if this section applies for the purposes of section 816,

“collective investment scheme” has the meaning given by section 235 of FISMA 2000,

“participant”, in relation to a collective investment scheme, is construed in accordance with that section, and

“relevant period” means—a tax year, if this section applies for the purposes of section 813, oran accounting period, if this section applies for the purposes of section 816.

Supplementary

Meaning of “disregarded savings and investment income”

825

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter income is “disregarded savings and investment income” if—

(a) it is chargeable under Chapter 3 or 5 of Part 4 of ITTOIA 2005 (dividends etc from UK resident companies and stock dividends from UK resident companies), or

(b) it is within subsection (2) and is not relevant foreign income.

(2) Income is within this subsection if it is chargeable under—

(a) Chapter 2 of Part 4 of ITTOIA 2005 (interest),

(b) Chapter 7 of that Part (purchased life annuity payments),

(d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(e) Chapter 11 of that Part (transactions in deposits), or

(f) regulation 15 of the Unauthorised Unit Trusts (Tax) Regulations 2013.

Meaning of “disregarded annual payments”

826

For the purposes of this Chapter income is “disregarded annual payments” if it is not relevant foreign income and is chargeable under—

(a) section 579 of ITTOIA 2005, so far as it relates to annual payments (royalties etc from intellectual property),

(b) Chapter 4 of Part 5 of that Act, so far as it relates to annual payments (certain telecommunication rights: non-trading income), or

Meaning of “investment manager” and “investment transaction”

827

(1) In this Chapter “investment manager” means a person who provides investment management services.

(2) In this section “investment transaction” means any transaction of a description specified for the purposes of this section in regulations made by the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs.

(3) Provision made in regulations under subsection (2) may, in particular, have effect in relation to the tax year current on the day on which the regulations are made.

Transactions through brokers and investment managers

828

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter a person is regarded as carrying out a transaction on behalf of another if the person—

(a) undertakes the transaction, whether on behalf of or to the account of the other, or

(b) gives instructions for it to be so carried out by another.

(2) In the case of a person who acts as a broker or investment manager as part only of a business, this Chapter has effect as if that part were a separate business.

Chapter 2 — Residence

Residence of individuals temporarily abroad

829

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Residence of individuals working abroad

830

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Foreign income of individuals in the United Kingdom for temporary purpose

831

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Employment income of individuals in the United Kingdom for temporary purpose

832

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Visiting forces and staff of designated allied headquarters

833

(1) This section applies to an individual who—

(a) is a member of a visiting force of a designated country or of a civilian component of such a force,

(b) is in the United Kingdom, but only because of being a member of the force or the civilian component, and

(c) is not a British citizen, a British overseas territories citizen, a British National (Overseas) or a British Overseas citizen.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1)—

(a) members of the armed forces of a designated country who are attached to a designated international military headquarters are treated as a visiting force of that country, and

(b) whether an individual is a member of a civilian component of such a force is to be determined accordingly.

(2A) This section also applies to an individual within subsection (3) or (3A).

(3) An individual is within this subsection if the individual—

(a) is of a category for the time being agreed between Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom and the other members of the North Atlantic Council,

(b) is employed by a designated allied headquarters,

(d) is not a British citizen, a British overseas territories citizen, a British National (Overseas) or a British Overseas citizen.

(3A) An individual is within this subsection if the individual—

(a) belongs to the EU civilian staff,

(b) is in the United Kingdom, but only because of serving as part of that staff, and

(c) is not a British citizen, a British overseas territories citizen, a British National (Overseas) or a British Overseas citizen.

(4) If this section applies to an individual throughout a period, the period is not treated for income tax purposes as—

(a) a period of residence in the United Kingdom, or

(b) creating a change of the individual's residence or domicile.

(5) Subsection (4) does not affect the operation of section 56 or 460 of this Act ... (residence etc of claimants) in relation to an individual for any tax year.

(6) Subsections (1) to (3) are to be interpreted as if—

(a) they were in Part 1 of the Visiting Forces Act 1952 (c. 67), and

(b) references in that Act to a country to which a provision of that Act applies were references to a designated country.

(7) In this section—

“allied headquarters” means an international military headquarters established under the North Atlantic Treaty, ...

“designated” means designated for the purpose in question by or under an Order in Council made for giving effect to an international agreement, and

“the EU civilian staff” means— civilian personnel seconded by a member State to an EU institution for the purposes of activities (including exercises) relating to the preparation for, and execution of, tasks mentioned in Article 43(1) of the Treaty on European Union (tasks relating to a common security and defence policy), as amended from time to time, andcivilian personnel (other than locally hired personnel)—made available to the EU by a member State to work with designated international military headquarters or a force of a designated country, orotherwise made available to the EU by a member State for the purposes of activities of the kind referred to in paragraph (a).

Residence of personal representatives

834

(1) This section applies for income tax purposes if the personal representatives of a deceased person (“D”) include one or more persons who are UK resident and one or more persons who are non-UK resident.

(2) If the following condition is met, the person or persons who are non-UK resident are treated, in their capacity as personal representatives, as UK resident.

(3) The condition is that when D died D was UK resident ... or a long-term UK resident within the meaning of IHTA 1984.

(4) If that condition is not met, the person or persons who are UK resident are treated, in their capacity as personal representatives, as non-UK resident.

(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Residence rules for trustees and companies

835

(1) See sections 475 and 476 for rules about the residence of the trustees of a settlement.

(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 3 — Jointly held property

Jointly held property

836

(1) This section applies if income arises from property held in the names of individuals—

(a) who are married to, or are civil partners of, each other, and

(b) who live together.

(2) The individuals are treated for income tax purposes as beneficially entitled to the income in equal shares.

(3) But this treatment does not apply in relation to any income within any of the following exceptions.

Exception AIncome to which neither of the individuals is beneficially entitled.

Exception BIncome in relation to which a declaration by the individuals under section 837 has effect (unequal beneficial interests).

Exception CIncome to which Part 9 of ITTOIA 2005 applies (partnerships).

...

Exception EIncome consisting of a distribution arising from property consisting of—shares in or securities of a close company to which one of the individuals is beneficially entitled to the exclusion of the other, orsuch shares or securities to which the individuals are beneficially entitled in equal or unequal shares.“Shares” and “securities” have the same meaning as in section 1117 of CTA 2010.

Exception FIncome to which one of the individuals is beneficially entitled so far as it is treated as a result of any other provision of the Income Tax Acts as—the income of the other individual, orthe income of a third party.

Jointly held property: declarations of unequal beneficial interests

837

(1) The individuals may make a joint declaration under this section if—

(a) one of them is beneficially entitled to the income to the exclusion of the other, or

(b) they are beneficially entitled to the income in unequal shares,

and their beneficial interests in the income correspond to their beneficial interests in the property from which it arises.

(2) The declaration must state the beneficial interests of the individuals in—

(a) the income to which the declaration relates, and

(b) the property from which that income arises.

(3) The declaration has effect only if notice of it is given to an officer of Revenue and Customs—

(a) in such form and manner as the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs may prescribe, and

(b) within the period of 60 days beginning with the date of the declaration.

(4) The declaration has effect in relation to income arising on or after the date of the declaration.

(5) The declaration continues to have effect until such time (if any) as there is a change in the beneficial interests of the individuals in either—

(a) the income to which the declaration relates, or

(b) the property from which that income arises.

Chapter 4 — Other miscellaneous rules

Local authorities and local authority associations

838

(1) A local authority in the United Kingdom is not liable to income tax in respect of its income.

(2) A local authority association in the United Kingdom is not liable to income tax in respect of its income.

(3) Tax is repayable as a result of subsection (1) or (2) only if a claim for repayment is made.

Issue departments of the Reserve Bank of India and the State Bank of Pakistan

839

No liability to income tax arises in respect of the income of the issue department of—

(a) the Reserve Bank of India constituted under an Act of the Indian legislature called the Reserve Bank of India Act 1934, or

(b) the State Bank of Pakistan constituted under orders made under section 9 of the Indian Independence Act 1947 (c. 30).

Government securities held by non-UK resident central banks

840

(1) No liability to income tax arises in respect of income from securities which is—

(a) income payable out of the public revenue of the United Kingdom, and

(b) income of a bank, or the issue department of a bank, to which this section applies for the time being.

(2) But subsection (1) does not prevent the income from being taken into account in calculating profits, gains or losses of a business carried on in the United Kingdom.

(3) Her Majesty may by Order in Council direct that this section applies to a bank or its issue department if it appears to Her Majesty that the bank—

(a) is non-UK resident, and

(b) is entrusted by the government of a territory outside the United Kingdom with the custody of the territory's principal foreign exchange reserves.

(4) No recommendation may be made to Her Majesty in Council to make an order under this section unless a draft of the order has been laid before and approved by a resolution of the House of Commons.

Official agents of Commonwealth countries etc

841

(1) This section applies if an individual is employed in the United Kingdom as an official agent for—

(a) a country mentioned in Schedule 3 to the British Nationality Act 1981 (c. 61) (which contains a list of Commonwealth countries) or the Republic of Ireland, or

(b) a state or province of a country within paragraph (a).

(2) If conditions A and B are met, the individual is entitled to the same immunity from income tax as that to which a member of the staff of a mission is entitled under the Diplomatic Privileges Act 1964 (c. 81).

(3) Condition A is that the individual has been certified—

(a) to be ordinarily resident outside the United Kingdom, and

(b) to be UK resident solely for the purposes of the individual's functions as an official agent.

(4) The certification must have been done by (as the case may be)—

(a) the High Commissioner of the country for which the individual is an official agent, or

(b) the Agent-General of the state or province for which the individual is an official agent.

(5) In subsection (4)(a) “High Commissioner” includes the head of the mission of the country in question by whatever name called.

(6) Condition B is that the individual's functions as an official agent are not performed in connection with a trade, business or other undertaking carried on for the purposes of profit.

(7) In this section “head of the mission” and “a member of the staff of a mission” are to be read in accordance with the Diplomatic Privileges Act 1964.

European Economic Interest Groupings

842

(1) The following rules about UK Economic Interest Groupings and European Economic Interest Groupings apply for the purposes of charging income tax—

Rule 1

A grouping is treated as acting as the agent of its members.

Rule 2

The activities of a grouping are treated as those of its members acting jointly.

Rule 3

Each member of a grouping is treated as having a share of the grouping's property, rights and liabilities.

Rule 4

Any trade or profession carried on by the grouping is treated as carried on in partnership by the members of the grouping.

(2) For the purposes of Rule 3, a member's share of any property, rights or liabilities of a grouping is determined according to the contract under which the grouping is established.

(3) If the contract does not provide for this, the member's share is determined by reference to the share of the profits of the grouping to which the member is entitled under the contract.

(4) If the contract does not provide for this either, the members are treated as having equal shares of the property, rights and liabilities of the grouping.

(5) “European Economic Interest Grouping” means a grouping registered in a member State and formed in pursuance of Council Regulation (EEC) No. 2137/85 of 25 July 1985 on the European Economic Interest Grouping as it has effect in EU law.

Restriction of deductions for annual payments

843

In calculating a person's income from any source, no deduction is allowed for an annual payment to which section 904 applies (annual payments for dividends or non-taxable consideration).

Letters patent etc: exempting provisions

844

(1) No provision in letters patent granted by the Crown is to be construed as conferring exemption from income tax.

(2) Subsection (1) applies whether the letters patent are granted before or after the date on which this Act is passed.

(3) Any provision of the letters patent purporting to override the effect of subsection (1) is void.

Extra return to be treated as interest etc

845

(1) This section applies if—

(a) securities (“old securities”) of a particular kind are issued by way of an original issue of securities of that kind,

(b) on a later occasion securities (“new securities”) of the same kind are issued,

(c) a sum (“the extra return”) is payable in respect of the new securities by the issuer of them to reflect the fact that interest is accruing on the old securities,

(d) the issue price of the new securities includes an element (whether or not separately identified) representing payment for the extra return, and

(e) the extra return is equal to the amount of interest mentioned in subsection (2).

(2) The amount of interest referred to in subsection (1)(e) is—

(a) the amount of interest payable for the relevant period on so many old securities as there are new, or

(b) if there are more new securities than old, the amount of interest which would be so payable if there were as many old securities as new.

(3) A sum paid or payable by way of the extra return is treated for income tax purposes as if it were paid or payable as interest (so far as it would not be treated in that way apart from this subsection).

(4) No relief for the extra return is to be given to the issuer of the new securities.

Interpretation of section 845

846

(1) This section applies for the purposes of section 845.

(2) Securities are of the same kind if they—

(a) are treated as being of the same kind by the practice of a recognised stock exchange, or

(b) would be so treated if dealt in on a recognised stock exchange.

(3) “The relevant period” is the period—

(a) beginning with the day mentioned in subsection (4), and

(b) ending with the day (“the new issue day”) on which the new securities are issued.

(4) The day referred to in subsection (3)(a) is the day after—

(a) the last (or only) interest payment day before the new issue day, or

(b) if there is no interest payment day before the new issue day, the day on which the old securities are issued.

(5) In subsection (4) “interest payment day” means a day on which interest is payable under the old securities.

(6) “Relief” means relief by way of deduction in calculating amounts of income charged to income tax or in calculating net income.

Part 15 — Deduction of income tax at source

Chapter 1 — Introduction

Overview of Part

847

(1) This Part deals with deduction of income tax at source.

(2) The following Chapters contain duties to deduct sums representing income tax from certain payments—

(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Chapter 3 (certain payments of yearly interest),

(d) Chapter 5 (payments of UK public revenue dividends),

(e) Chapter 6 (annual payments and patent royalties),

(f) Chapter 7 (other payments connected with intellectual property),

(g) Chapter 9 (manufactured payments), and

(h) Chapter 10 (non-commercial payments by companies).

(3) Chapters 6 and 7 are subject to Chapter 8 which makes special provision in relation to the deduction of sums representing income tax from royalty payments.

(4) Chapter 11 contains provision disapplying some of the duties to deduct where payments are made between companies etc.

(5) The following Chapters contain further provision in connection with the deduction (or deemed deduction) of sums representing income tax from certain payments (or deemed payments)—

(za) Chapter 2 (interpretation of section 876 in Chapter 3: exception for deposit-takers),

(a) Chapter 12 (funding bonds),

(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and

(6) Chapters 15 to 17 contain provision about the collection of income tax in respect of payments from which sums are required to be deducted (or from which sums are treated as deducted) under the preceding Chapters.

(7) Chapter 18 deals with regimes involving the deduction of income tax at source which apply in the case of—

(a) visiting performers,

(b) non-resident landlords, and

(8) Chapter 19 makes general provision for this Part including—

(a) provision about the giving of statements about deduction of income tax,

(b) provision about payments where the recipient is a company or where the payer is a public department, and

(c) exceptions from duties to deduct for payments made by designated international organisations, some payments under derivative contracts and for some payments of interest on foreign currency securities.

(9) The following provisions also deal with deduction of income tax at source—

(a) Part 11 of ITEPA 2003 (Pay As You Earn), and

(b) Chapter 3 of Part 3 of FA 2004 (construction industry scheme).

Income tax deducted at source treated as income tax paid by recipient

848

(1) A sum representing income tax which is deducted (or treated as deducted) under this Part from a payment is treated as income tax paid by the recipient.

(2) The sum is accordingly taken into account under sections 59B and 59D of TMA 1970 (see also paragraph 8 of Schedule 18 to FA 1998) in determining the income tax or corporation tax payable by, or repayable to, the recipient.

(3) But this section does not apply to income tax deducted at source under section 966 (visiting performers) or 971 (non-resident landlords).

(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Interaction with other Income Tax Acts provisions

849

(1) Regulations made under section 7 of TIOPA 2010 (double taxation arrangements: general regulations) make provision disapplying or otherwise affecting duties to deduct under this Part in circumstances where relief is available under double taxation arrangements.

(2) Sections 821 and 822 of ICTA make provision in relation to under-deductions and over-deductions from some payments which are made before the passing of the relevant annual Act imposing income tax and corporation tax.

(3) In accordance with section 783 of ITTOIA 2005 (general disregard of exempt income for income tax purposes), any payment (or part of a payment) which is exempt from income tax as a result of Part 6 of ITTOIA 2005 is ignored for the purposes of the duties under this Part.

This is subject to any express or implied provision to the contrary.

(4) Section 564Q (deduction of income tax at source under this Part) makes provision for Chapters 2 to 5, 12 and 19 to have effect in relation to alternative finance arrangements.

(5) For exceptions from the duties to deduct under Chapters 3, 6, 7, 10 and 14 in connection with the London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games see—

(a) Chapter 6 of Part 3 of FA 2006, and

(b) regulations made under that Chapter.

Chapter 2 — Meaning of “relevant investment” for purposes of section 876

Introduction

Overview of Chapter

850

(1) This Chapter has effect for the purposes of section 876 (duty under section 874 to deduct tax from payments of yearly interest: exception for deposit-takers).

(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3) Sections 853 to 856 set out some basic concepts, so that—

(a) section 853 defines “deposit-taker” (and section 854 allows the Treasury by order to prescribe persons as deposit-takers),

(b) section 855 defines “investment” and “deposit”, and

(4) Section 856 is subject to—

(a) section 857 (which sets out when investments must be treated as relevant and when they may be treated as not relevant), and

(b) sections 863 to 870 (which describe various kinds of investment which are not relevant investments).

(5) Sections 872 and 873 contain supplementary provisions.

(6) For the purposes of this Chapter, crediting interest counts as paying it.

...

Duty to deduct sums representing income tax

851

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Power to make regulations disapplying section 851

852

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deposit-takers and relevant investments

Meaning of “deposit-taker”

853

(1) In this Chapter and section 876 “deposit-taker” means—

(a) the Bank of England, or

(b) a person to whom one of the following subsections or section 854 applies.

(2) This subsection applies to a person—

(a) who has permission under Part 4 of FISMA 2000 to accept deposits which are relevant investments, and

(b) who is not—

(i) a building society,

(ii) a society registered within the meaning of the Friendly Societies Act 1974 (c. 46) or incorporated under the Friendly Societies Act 1992 (c. 40),

(iii) a society registered as a credit union under the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014 or the Credit Unions (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 (S.I. 1985/1205 (N.I. 12)), or

(iv) an insurance company within the meaning of section 275 of FA 2004.

(3) This subsection applies to a company as defined in section 1(1) of the Companies Act 2006 (c. 46) —

(a) in respect of which a resolution has been passed by a local authority under—

(i) section 48(3) of the Banking Act 1979 (c. 37), or

(ii) section 103(3) of the Banking Act 1987 (c. 22), and

(b) which is exempt from the prohibition in section 19 of FISMA 2000 on accepting deposits which are relevant investments.

(4) This subsection applies to a local authority.

(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(6) This subsection applies to a person—

(a) who is authorised for the purposes of FISMA 2000, and

(b) whose business consists wholly or mainly of dealing in financial instruments as principal.

For the meaning of “financial instrument”, see section 984.

Power to prescribe persons as deposit-takers

854

(1) This section applies to a person who receives deposits in the course of carrying on business or activities and—

(a) is for the time being prescribed by order by the Treasury for the purposes of this section, or

(b) is a member of a class of persons which is for the time being so prescribed.

(2) An order under this section may prescribe a person or class of person—

(a) in relation to all deposits which are relevant investments, or

(b) in relation to deposits which are relevant investments of a kind specified in the order.

(3) If a person is prescribed only in relation to deposits which are relevant investments of a kind specified in the order, the reference in section 876(1)(b) to “relevant investment” is to be read as a reference only to relevant investments of the kind so specified.

Meaning of “investment” and “deposit”

855

(1) In this Chapter, and section 876, “investment” means a deposit with a deposit-taker.

(2) In this Chapter “deposit” means a sum of money paid on terms which mean that it will be repaid (with or without interest)—

(a) on demand, or

(b) at a time or in circumstances agreed by or on behalf of the person who pays it and the person who receives it.

Investments which are relevant investments

856

(1) An investment is a relevant investment for the purposes of section 876 if it meets—

(a) the individual interest condition (see subsection (3)),

(b) the Scottish partnership condition (see subsection (4)),

(d) the settlement condition (see subsection (6)).

(2) But an investment is not a relevant investment if any of sections 863 to 870 prevent it from being a relevant investment.

(3) An investment meets the individual interest condition if the only persons beneficially entitled to interest on the investment are individuals.

(4) An investment meets the Scottish partnership condition if—

(a) a Scottish partnership is beneficially entitled to all interest on the investment, and

(b) that partnership consists only of individuals.

(5) An investment meets the personal representative condition if personal representatives are entitled to any interest on the investment and they receive it in that capacity.

(6) An investment meets the settlement condition if all interest on the investment is income arising to the trustees of a discretionary or accumulation settlement and they receive it in that capacity.

For the meaning of “discretionary or accumulation settlement”, see section 873(1).

Investments to be treated as being or as not being relevant investments

857

(1) A deposit-taker ... must treat every investment with it as a relevant investment unless satisfied that the investment is not a relevant investment.

(2) If a deposit-taker ... is satisfied that an investment is not a relevant investment, it may continue to treat the investment as not being a relevant investment until subsection (3) applies.

(3) This subsection applies when the deposit-taker ... has information which can reasonably be taken to indicate that the investment is or may be a relevant investment.

...

Declarations of non-UK residence: individuals

858

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Declarations of non-UK residence: Scottish partnerships

859

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Declarations of non-UK residence: personal representatives

860

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Declarations of non-UK residence: settlements

861

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Inspection of declarations

862

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Investments which are not relevant investments

General client account deposits

863

(1) An investment is not a relevant investment if it is a general client account deposit.

(2) An investment is a general client account deposit for the purposes of this section if—

(a) it is a deposit held by a deposit-taker ... in a client account, and

(b) provision made under any enactment requires the person whose account it is to make payments representing interest to some or all of the clients for whom, or on whose account, that person received the sums deposited in the account.

(3) But an investment is not a general client account deposit if the account in which it is held is identified by the deposit-taker ... as one in which sums are held only for one or more particular clients of the person whose account it is.

Qualifying uncertificated eligible debt security units

864

An investment is not a relevant investment if it is a deposit in respect of which a deposit-taker ... has issued a qualifying uncertificated eligible debt security unit (see section 986).

Qualifying certificates of deposit

865

An investment is not a relevant investment if it is a deposit in respect of which a deposit-taker ... has issued a qualifying certificate of deposit (see section 985).

Qualifying time deposits

866

(1) An investment is not a relevant investment if it is a qualifying time deposit made before 6 April 2012.

(2) An investment is a qualifying time deposit for the purposes of this section if—

(a) it is a deposit consisting of a loan of at least £50,000,

(b) the terms of the deposit require its repayment at a specified time within 5 years beginning with the date on which it is made,

(d) those terms prevent partial withdrawals of, or additions to, the deposit.

(3) If a deposit is denominated in a foreign currency, subsection (2)(a) has effect as if it referred to an amount which is at least the equivalent in that currency of £50,000 at the time the deposit is made.

Lloyd’s premium trust funds

867

(1) An investment is not a relevant investment if it forms part of a premium trust fund of an underwriting or former underwriting member of Lloyd's.

(2) In this section “premium trust fund” has the meaning given in section 184 of FA 1993.

Investments held outside the United Kingdom

868

(1) An investment with a deposit-taker is not a relevant investment if—

(a) the deposit-taker is UK resident for income tax purposes or corporation tax purposes, and

(b) the investment is held at a branch of the deposit-taker situated outside the United Kingdom.

(2) An investment with a deposit-taker is not a relevant investment if—

(a) the deposit-taker is non-UK resident for income tax purposes or corporation tax purposes, and

(b) the investment is not held at a branch of the deposit-taker situated in the United Kingdom.

(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4) For the purposes of this section an investment is held at a branch of a deposit-taker ... if the investment is recorded in its books as a liability of that branch.

Sale and repurchase of securities

869

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other investments

870

(1) An investment with a deposit-taker is not a relevant investment if—

(a) it is a loan made by a deposit-taker in the ordinary course of its business or activities,

(b) it is a debt on a security which is listed on a recognised stock exchange, or

(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Supplementary

Power to make regulations to give effect to Chapter

871

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Power to make orders amending Chapter

872

(1) The Treasury may by order amend this Chapter for the purposes of providing that investments of a kind specified in the order are, or are not, relevant investments.

(2) An order under this section may amend this Chapter—

(a) in its application to all deposit-takers, or

(b) in its application to such deposit-takers or classes of deposit-taker as the order may specify.

(3) An order under this section may contain incidental, supplemental, consequential and transitional provision and savings.

(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Discretionary or accumulation settlements

873

(1) A settlement is a discretionary or accumulation settlement for the purposes of this Chapter if any income arising to the trustees would (unless treated as income of the settlor) be to any extent income within subsection (2) for the tax year in which it arises.

(2) Income is within this subsection so far as it is—

(a) accumulated or discretionary income as defined in section 480 (other than income arising under a charitable trust or an unauthorised unit trust in relation to which regulation 12 of the Unauthorised Unit Trusts (Tax) Regulations 2013 applies), or

(b) an amount of a type set out in section 482 (unless the trust is a unit trust scheme or the amount is income arising under a charitable trust or is excluded by section 481(5)).

(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 3 — Deduction from certain payments of yearly interest

Duty to deduct sums representing income tax

Duty to deduct from certain payments of yearly interest

874

(1) This section applies if a payment of yearly interest arising in the United Kingdom is made—

(a) by a company,

(b) by a local authority,

(d) by any person to another person whose usual place of abode is outside the United Kingdom.

(2) The person by or through whom the payment is made must, on making the payment, deduct from it a sum representing income tax on it at the basic rate in force for the tax year in which it is made.

(3) But see—

(a) sections 875 to 888E as to circumstances in which the duty to deduct a sum under this section is disapplied, and

(b) Chapter 11 (payments between companies etc) for a further exception from the duty to deduct under this section.

(4) See also regulations made under section 17(3) of F(No.2)A 2005 (authorised investment funds)—

(a) for provision treating certain amounts shown in the distribution accounts of authorised investment funds as payments of yearly interest, and

(b) for exceptions from the duty to deduct under this section which would otherwise apply to such payments.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (1) the following are to be treated as payments of yearly interest—

(a) a payment of interest made by a registered society in respect of any mortgage, loan, loan stock or deposit, and

(b) any interest, dividend, bonus or other sum payable to a shareholder of such a society by reference to the amount of the shareholder's holding in the share capital of the society.

(5A) For the purposes of subsection (1) a payment of interest which is payable to an individual in respect of compensation is to be treated as a payment of yearly interest (irrespective of the period in respect of which the interest is paid).

(5B) But the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs may make regulations which provide that subsection (5A) does not apply in the circumstances prescribed in the regulations.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (1)—

(a) a payment made by a company in a fiduciary or representative capacity is not to be treated as a payment made by the company, and

(b) a payment made by a local authority in a fiduciary or representative capacity is not to be treated as a payment made by the local authority.

(6A) In determining for the purposes of subsection (1) whether a payment of interest arises in the United Kingdom no account is to be taken of the location of any deed which records the obligation to pay the interest.

(7) For provision about the collection of income tax in respect of a payment from which a sum must be deducted under this section—

(a) see Chapter 15 if the person making the payment is a UK resident company, and

(b) otherwise see Chapter 16.

Exceptions from duty to deduct

Interest paid by building societies

875

The duty to deduct a sum representing income tax under section 874 does not apply to a payment of interest made by a building society unless it is treated as a payment of yearly interest by virtue of section 874(5A).

Interest paid by deposit-takers

876

(1) The duty to deduct a sum representing income tax under section 874 does not apply to a payment of interest on an investment if—

(a) the payment is made by a deposit-taker, and

(b) when the payment is made, the investment is a relevant investment.

(1A) In this section “deposit-taker”, “investment” and “relevant investment” have the meaning given by Chapter 2.

UK public revenue dividends

877

The duty to deduct a sum representing income tax under section 874 does not apply to a payment of interest that is a UK public revenue dividend (as defined by section 891).

Interest paid by banks

878

(1) The duty to deduct a sum representing income tax under section 874 does not apply to a payment of interest made by a bank if that payment is made in the ordinary course of its business.

(1A) But that duty does apply to such a payment if it is treated as a payment of yearly interest by virtue of section 874(5A).

(2) Section 991 (meaning of “bank”) applies for the purposes of this section.

Interest paid on advances from banks

879

(1) The duty to deduct a sum representing income tax under section 874 does not apply to a payment of interest on an advance from a bank if, at the time when the payment is made, the person beneficially entitled to the interest is within the charge to corporation tax as respects the interest or is a bank that would be within the charge to corporation tax as respects the interest apart from section 18A of CTA 2009.

(2) Section 991 (meaning of “bank”) applies for the purposes of this section.

(3) Subsection (1) applies to the European Investment Bank as if the words from “if” to the end were omitted.

(4) An order under subsection (2)(e) of section 991 designating an international organisation as a bank may provide that subsection (1) applies to the organisation with the modification mentioned in subsection (3).

Interest paid on advances from building societies

880

The duty to deduct a sum representing income tax under section 874 does not apply to a payment of interest on an advance from a building society.

National Savings Bank interest

881

The duty to deduct a sum representing income tax under section 874 does not apply to a payment of interest on deposits with the National Savings Bank.

Quoted Eurobond interest

882

The duty to deduct a sum representing income tax under section 874 does not apply to a payment of interest on a quoted Eurobond (see section 987).

Interest on loan to buy life annuity

883

The duty to deduct a sum representing income tax under section 874 does not apply to a payment of interest to which section 369 of ICTA applies (interest on loan to buy life annuity payable under deduction of tax).

Relevant foreign income

884

(1) The duty to deduct a sum representing income tax under section 874 does not apply to a payment of interest which is chargeable to income tax as relevant foreign income.

(2) For the meaning of “relevant foreign income”, see section 989.

Authorised persons dealing in financial instruments

885

(1) The duty to deduct a sum representing income tax under section 874 does not apply to a payment of interest made by a person authorised for the purposes of FISMA 2000 if—

(a) the person's business consists wholly or mainly of dealing in financial instruments as principal, and

(b) the payment is made by that person in the ordinary course of that business.

(2) For the meaning of “financial instrument”, see section 984.

Interest paid by recognised clearing houses etc

886

(1) The duty to deduct a sum representing income tax under section 874 does not apply to a payment of interest made by a relevant entity if—

(a) the relevant entity is carrying on business as the provider of a central counterparty clearing service or as a central securities depository, and

(b) the interest is paid in the ordinary course of that business, on margin or other collateral deposited with it by users of the service or as a central securities depository.

(2) The duty to deduct a sum representing income tax under section 874 does not apply to interest treated by virtue of section 607 (treatment of price differences under repos), or paragraph 5 of Schedule 13 to FA 2007 (relief for borrower for finance charges in case of debtor repos and debtor quasi-repos), as paid by a relevant entity in respect of contracts made by it as the provider of a central counterparty clearing service or as a central securities depository .

(3) In this section—

“central counterparty clearing service” means the service provided by a relevant entity to the parties to a transaction where there are contracts between each of the parties and the relevant entity (in place of, or as an alternative to, a contract directly between the parties), and

“relevant entity”, means any of the following (as defined for the purposes of FISMA 2000 by section 285 of that Act)—a recognised clearing house;a recognised investment exchange;...a third country central counterparty. a recognised CSD; ...a third country CSD.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Industrial and provident society payments

887

(1) The duty to deduct a sum representing income tax under section 874 does not apply to either of the following payments if they are payable to a person whose usual place of abode is in the United Kingdom—

(a) a payment of interest made by a registered society in respect of any mortgage, loan, loan stock or deposit, or

(b) any interest, dividend, bonus or other sum payable to a shareholder of such a society by reference to the amount of the shareholder's holding in the share capital of the society.

(2) A registered society must, within 3 months after the end of each of its accounting periods, deliver to an officer of Revenue and Customs a return containing the information mentioned in subsection (3).

(3) That information is—

(a) the name and place of residence of every person to whom the society has, as a result of this section, made one or more payments in the period amounting in total to at least £15 without deducting a sum (or sums) representing income tax, and

(b) the amount so paid in the period to each of those persons.

(4) See section 500(2) of CTA 2009 as to the consequences of not making a return as required by subsection (2).

(5) In this Chapter “registered society” means—

(a) a registered society within the meaning of the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014,

(b) a society registered or treated as registered under the Industrial and Provident Societies Act (Northern Ireland) 1969.

(c) a society registered as a credit union under the Credit Unions (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 (S.I. 1985/1205 (N.I. 12)), or

(d) an SCE formed in accordance with Council Regulation (EC) No 1435/2003 on the Statute for a European Cooperative Society.

(6) For the purposes of this section crediting interest (or amounts treated as interest) counts as paying it.

Statutory interest

888

The duty to deduct a sum representing income tax under section 874 does not apply to a payment of interest made by virtue of the contractual term implied by section 1(1) of the Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998 (c. 20) (statutory interest).

Chapter 4 — Deduction from payments in respect of building society securities

Payments in respect of building society securities

889

(1) This section applies to any payment made in a tax year if—

(a) it is a payment of a dividend or interest in respect of a security issued by a building society, and

(b) conditions A and B are met in relation to the security.

(2) Condition A is that the security was listed or capable of being listed on a recognised stock exchange at the time the dividend or interest became payable.

(3) Condition B is that the security is not—

(a) a qualifying certificate of deposit (see section 985),

(b) a qualifying uncertificated eligible debt security unit (see section 986), or

(4) The person by or through whom the payment is made must, on making it, deduct from it a sum representing income tax on it at the basic rate in force for the tax year.

(5) For provision about the collection of income tax in respect of a payment from which a sum must be deducted under this section—

(a) see Chapter 15 if the person making the payment is a UK resident company, and

(b) otherwise see Chapter 16.

(6) See also Chapter 11 (payments between companies) for an exception from the duty to deduct sums representing income tax under this section.

(7) In this section—

“dividend” includes any distribution (whether or not described as a dividend), and

“security” includes a share (and, in particular, a permanent interest bearing share as defined in section 117 of TCGA 1992).

Chapter 5 — Deduction from payments of UK public revenue dividends

Introduction

Overview of Chapter

890

(1) This Chapter contains provision about the deduction of sums representing income tax from payments of UK public revenue dividends.

(2) Section 891 defines “UK public revenue dividend”.

(3) Section 892 contains a duty to deduct sums representing income tax from payments of UK public revenue dividends unless they are payable gross.

(4) Sections 893 and 894 explain when such payments are payable gross.

(5) Sections 895 and 896 make provision for the making, and withdrawal, of applications for payments to be subject to the duty to deduct under this Chapter.

(6) Section 897 contains a regulation-making power in connection with payments from which sums must be deducted under this Chapter.

Meaning of “UK public revenue dividend”

891

In this Chapter “UK public revenue dividend” means any income from securities which—

(a) is paid out of the public revenue of the United Kingdom or Northern Ireland, but

(b) is not interest on local authority stock.

Duty to deduct sums representing income tax

Duty to deduct from certain UK public revenue dividends

892

(1) This section has effect if—

(a) a payment of a UK public revenue dividend is made, and

(b) it is not payable gross under section 893.

(2) The person by or through whom the payment is made must, on making the payment, deduct from it a sum representing income tax on it at the basic rate in force for the tax year in which it is made.

(3) For provision about the collection of income tax in respect of a payment from which a sum must be deducted under this section—

(a) see Chapter 15 if the person making the payment is a UK resident company, and

(b) otherwise see Chapter 16.

Payments which are payable gross

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Income Tax Act 2007

Exclusion of amounts in calculating capital contribution by a partner

802

Prohibition against double counting

803

Individuals in partnership claiming relief for licence-related trading losses

Charge to tax on income treated as received under section 805

804

Partners claiming relief for licence-related trading losses

805

Calculation of amount of income treated as received by the individual

806

Supplementary provision relating to calculation in section 806

807

Meaning of “disposal of the licence” etc

808

Other definitions

809

Part 14 — Income tax liability: miscellaneous rules

Chapter 1 — Limits on liability to income tax of non-UK residents

Introduction

Overview of Chapter

810

Limit for non-UK resident individuals, trustees etc

Limit on liability to income tax of non-UK residents

811

Case where limit not to apply

812

Meaning of “disregarded income”

813

Meaning of “disregarded transaction income”

814

Limit for non-UK resident companies

Limit on liability to income tax of non-UK resident companies

815

Meaning of “disregarded company income”

816

The independent broker conditions

The independent broker conditions

817

The independent investment manager conditions

The independent investment manager conditions

818

Investment managers: the 20% rule

819

Meaning of “qualifying period”

820

Meaning of “relevant disregarded income”

821

Meaning of “beneficial entitlement”

822

Treatment of transactions where requirements of 20% rule not met

823

Application of 20% rule to collective investment schemes

824

Supplementary

Meaning of “disregarded savings and investment income”

825

Meaning of “disregarded annual payments”

826

Meaning of “investment manager” and “investment transaction”

827

Transactions through brokers and investment managers

828

Chapter 2 — Residence

Residence of individuals temporarily abroad

829

Residence of individuals working abroad

830

Foreign income of individuals in the United Kingdom for temporary purpose

831

Employment income of individuals in the United Kingdom for temporary purpose

832

Visiting forces and staff of designated allied headquarters

833

Residence of personal representatives

834

Residence rules for trustees and companies

835

Chapter 3 — Jointly held property