Legalize / United Kingdom / Public General Act

Finance Act 2012

Type Public General Act

Publication 2012-07-17

Last updated 2024-02-22

State In force

Department Statute Law Database

Source legislation.gov.uk

articles Not indexed

Reform history JSON API

(2) Life assurance business is “protection business” if it consists of the effecting or carrying out of any contract of long-term insurance in relation to which the following conditions are met—

(a) the benefits payable cannot exceed the amount of premiums paid except on death or in respect of incapacity due to injury, sickness or other infirmity, and

(b) the contract is made on or after 1 January 2013.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2)(a) ignore—

(a) any benefit (other than a payment of money) that, when the contract is entered into, is provided as an inducement for entering into the contract and that is not repayable (to any extent) in any circumstances,

(b) any case where the amount by which the benefits can exceed the amount of premiums paid is an insignificant proportion of those premiums, and

(c) any case which a reasonable person, as the policyholder under the policy effected by the contract, can reasonably regard as highly unlikely to arise.

(4) If at any time—

(a) a contract is varied otherwise than as a result of the operation of, or the exercise of rights conferred by, provisions forming part of the contract or a connected arrangement, and

(b) as a result of the variation the contract becomes, or ceases to be, one in respect of which the condition in subsection (2)(a) is met,

the contract is to be treated for the purposes of this section as ending at that time and a new contract (on the varied terms) is to be treated for those purposes as being made immediately after that time.

(5) For this purpose a “connected arrangement”, in relation to a contract, means any agreement or other arrangement entered into in connection with the making of the contract.

(6) If—

(a) a contract (“the new contract”) is made on or after 1 January 2013 as a result of the operation of, or the exercise of rights conferred by, provisions of a contract (“the old contract”) made before that date, and

(b) the provisions of the new contract were (or could have been) determined by reference to provisions of the old contract when the old contract was made,

the new contract is to be regarded for the purposes of this section as if it were made before 1 January 2013.

Meaning of “long-term business” and “PHI business”

63

(1) For the purposes of this Part “long-term business” means—

(a) life assurance business, or

(b) other business which consists of the effecting or carrying out of contracts of long-term insurance.

(2) For the purposes of this Part “PHI business” means the other business mentioned in subsection (1)(b).

Meaning of contract of “insurance” or “long-term insurance” and “insurance company”

Meaning of “contract of insurance” and “contract of long-term insurance”

64

For the purposes of this Part—

“contract of insurance” has the meaning given by article 3(1) of the FISMA (Regulated Activities) Order 2001, and

“contract of long-term insurance” means a contract which falls within Part 2 of Schedule 1 to that Order.

Meaning of “insurance company”

65

(1) This section defines for the purposes of this Part what is meant by an “insurance company”.

(2) A person who carries on the activity of effecting or carrying out contracts of insurance is an “insurance company” if—

(a) the person has permission under Part 4 of FISMA 2000 to carry on that activity,

(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3) The above definition is subject to the following qualifications—

(a) a friendly society within the meaning of Part 3 is not an insurance company, and

(b) an insurance special purpose vehicle (see section 139) is an insurance company only if, in addition to falling within subsection (2)(a), ... it is a BLAGAB group re-insurer.

(4) A person is a “BLAGAB group re-insurer” if for an accounting period—

(a) the person carries on basic life assurance and general annuity business,

(b) it is not the case that substantially all of the person's long-term business is long-term business other than basic life assurance and general annuity business, and

(c) all of its life assurance business is re-insurance business of a description which is excluded business for the purposes of section 57(2)(e).

CHAPTER 2 — Charge to tax on I - E basis etc

Separate businesses etc

Separate businesses for BLAGAB and other long-term business

66

(1) If an insurance company carries on—

(a) basic life assurance and general annuity business, and

(b) other long-term business,

the general rule is that business within paragraphs (a) and (b) is to be treated for corporation tax purposes as two separate businesses carried on by the company.

(2) One of the separate businesses is to consist of the basic life assurance and general annuity business.

(3) The other separate business is to be regarded for corporation tax purposes as a single trade consisting of the other long-term business.

(4) If an insurance company carries on—

(a) life assurance business none of which is basic life assurance and general annuity business, and

(b) PHI business,

the company is to be treated for corporation tax purposes as carrying on a single trade consisting of the businesses within paragraphs (a) and (b).

(5) For the purposes of this Part “non-BLAGAB long-term business” means—

(a) a single trade within subsection (3) or (4), or

(b) in a case where an insurance company carries on life assurance business none of which is basic life assurance and general annuity business but does not carry on other long-term business, that life assurance business.

(6) If an insurance company carries on short-term insurance business, that business is to be regarded for corporation tax purposes as a separate trade.

(7) For this purpose “short-term insurance business” means any insurance business which is not long-term business.

Exception where BLAGAB small part of long-term business

67

(1) There is an exception to the general rule set out in section 66(1) if for an accounting period of an insurance company substantially all of its long-term business is not basic life assurance and general annuity business.

(2) In that case, there is for the accounting period to be no separate business consisting of the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business.

(3) There is instead to be one business that is to be regarded for corporation tax purposes as a single trade of the company consisting of its long-term business.

(4) That single trade is to be regarded as “non-BLAGAB long-term business” for the purposes of this Part.

(5) Accordingly, references in this Part (apart from in section 66 and this section) to a company's basic life assurance and general annuity business do not include any business which, as a result of this section, is regarded as non-BLAGAB long-term business.

BLAGAB taxed on I - E basis

Charge to tax on I - E profit

68

(1) The charge to corporation tax applies to the I - E profit of the basic life assurance and general annuity business carried on by an insurance company.

(2) For the meaning of “I - E profit”, see section 73.

Exclusion of charge under s.35 of CTA 2009 etc

69

The charge to corporation tax under section 68 has effect instead of—

(a) the charge to corporation tax on income under section 35 of CTA 2009 (charge to tax on trade profits),

(b) any other charge to corporation tax on income under any other provision of the Corporation Tax Acts that would otherwise have applied, and

(c) the charge to corporation tax on chargeable gains so far as referable, in accordance with Chapter 4, to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business.

Rules for calculating I - E profit or excess BLAGAB expenses

70

(1) The rules set out in Chapter 3 determine whether for an accounting period an insurance company carrying on basic life assurance and general annuity business has an I - E profit or excess BLAGAB expenses (and, if so, the amount of the profit or expenses).

(2) Those rules are referred to in this Part as “the I - E rules”.

(3) The calculation of the I - E profit or excess BLAGAB expenses is to operate by reference to the amounts that are credited or debited in the accounts of the company for a period of account drawn up in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice.

(4) But, in the case of amounts of a particular description, that is subject to any provision which (whether expressly or by implication) provides for that calculation to operate by reference to something else.

(5) For the meaning of “excess BLAGAB expenses”, see section 73.

Non-BLAGAB long-term business

Charge to tax on profits of non-BLAGAB long-term business

71

(1) The charge to corporation tax on income under section 35 of CTA 2009 (charge to tax on trade profits) applies to the profits of non-BLAGAB long-term business carried on by an insurance company.

(2) The rules for calculating those profits are subject to the provision made by—

(a) Chapter 6 (trade calculation rules applying to long-term business),

(b) Chapter 7 (trading apportionment rules), and

(3) Subsection (1) does not apply if the business is mutual business, and in that case no other provision of the Corporation Tax Acts has effect to charge the income of the business to corporation tax.

PHI only business

Companies carrying on only PHI business

72

Nothing in—

(a) this Part, or

(b) any other provision of the Corporation Tax Acts that makes special provision in relation to, or by reference to, long-term business carried on by insurance companies,

is to apply in relation to a company which carries on long-term business which consists wholly of PHI business.

CHAPTER 3 — The I - E basis

Introduction

The I - E basis

73

This section sets out rules, in relation to the basic life assurance and general annuity business carried on by an insurance company, for determining whether the company has an I - E profit or excess BLAGAB expenses for an accounting period (and, if so, the amount of the profit or expenses).

Step 1 Calculate the income chargeable for the accounting period that is referable, in accordance with Chapter 4, to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business. The meaning here of “income” is given by section 74.

Step 2 Calculate the BLAGAB chargeable gains of the company for the accounting period as adjusted for allowable losses (see section 75).

Step 3 Calculate so much of the amount (or the total amount) of any I - E receipt under section 92 or 93(5)(a) as is not taken into account in the calculation required by step 1 or 2.

Step 4 Add together the amounts given by the calculations required by steps 1 to 3. Reduce the total of those amounts by the relievable amount of any non-trading deficit which the company has for the accounting period under section 388 of CTA 2009 (loan relationships and derivative contracts). The result is “I”. In this step, “the relievable amount” of a non-trading deficit means so much of the deficit as does not exceed the total of— (a) the amount given by the calculation required by step 1,(b) the amount given by the calculation required by step 2, and(c) any amount of an I-E receipt under section 92 brought into account under step 3.

Step 5 Calculate the adjusted BLAGAB management expenses of the company for the accounting period (see section 76). The result is “E”.

Step 6 Subtract E from I (which, if E is a negative figure, would have the effect of increasing the result of the calculation).If the result is a positive amount, that is (subject to section 95) the amount for the accounting period chargeable to corporation tax under section 68. That amount is referred to in this Part as an “I - E profit”.If the result is a negative amount, that amount is to be carried forward by the company as an expense to its next accounting period to be used in accordance with step 5 of section 76. That amount is referred to in this Part as “excess BLAGAB expenses”

Definitions of expressions comprising “I”

Meaning of “income”

74

(1) In section 73 “income”, in relation to an insurance company, means the following income or credits so far as arising from the company's long-term business—

(a) income of the company chargeable under Chapter 3 of Part 4 of CTA 2009 in respect of any separate UK property business or overseas property business within section 86(4),

(b) credits in respect of any loan relationships of the company,

(d) credits brought into account by the company under Part 8 of CTA 2009 (intangible fixed assets),

(e) income of the company chargeable under Part 9A of CTA 2009 (company distributions),

(f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(g) income of the company chargeable under Chapter 6 of Part 10 of CTA 2009 (sale of foreign dividend coupons),

(h) income of the company chargeable under Chapter 7 of Part 10 of CTA 2009 (annual payments not otherwise charged),

(i) income of the company arising from a source outside the United Kingdom which is chargeable under Chapter 8 of Part 10 of CTA 2009 (income not otherwise charged), ...

(j) income of the company chargeable under any provision to which section 1173 of CTA 2010 (miscellaneous charges) applies other than section 752 of CTA 2009 (non-trading gains on intangible fixed assets), and

(k) income of the company chargeable under regulation 15 of the Unauthorised Unit Trusts (Tax) Regulations 2013.

(2) The reference in subsection (1)(a) to income chargeable under Chapter 3 of Part 4 of CTA 2009 includes income chargeable under that Chapter in respect of distributions treated by section 548(5) of CTA 2010 as profits of a UK property business carried on by the company.

(3) References in subsection (1)(b) to (d) to credits need to be read with section 88(3) and (4).

(4) The reference in subsection (1)(j) to income chargeable as mentioned there needs to be read with section 89(1).

(5) For the purposes of this section references to income or credits that are chargeable or brought into account under any provision are to income or credits that, but for sections 68 and 69, would be chargeable or brought into account under that provision.

(6) For the purposes of this section no account is to be taken of income which arises from an asset forming part of the long-term business fixed capital of the company (see section 137).

Meaning of “BLAGAB chargeable gains” etc

75

(1) This section explains for the purposes of section 73 how to calculate the BLAGAB chargeable gains of the company for the accounting period as adjusted for allowable losses.

Step 1 First, calculate the chargeable gains—that accrue to the company in the accounting period from the disposal of assets held for the purposes of the company's long-term business, andthat are referable, in accordance with Chapter 4, to its basic life assurance and general annuity business.

Step 2 Then, deduct from the amount of those gains—any allowable losses that accrue to the company in the accounting period from the disposal of assets held for the purposes of the company's long-term business and that are so referable, andso far as not previously deducted from any chargeable gains, any allowable losses that accrued to the company in a previous accounting period from the disposal of assets held for the purposes of the company's long-term business and that were so referable.The resulting amount is the amount of the BLAGAB chargeable gains of the company for the accounting period as adjusted for allowable losses.

(2) The deduction at step 2 may reduce an amount to nil but no further.

(3) For the purposes of this section no account is to be taken of a chargeable gain or allowable loss accruing to the company on a disposal for the purposes of TCGA 1992 of an asset that forms part of the long-term business fixed capital of the company.

(4) References in this section to chargeable gains or allowable losses are references to those gains or losses as calculated in accordance with the rules contained in TCGA 1992.

Definitions of expressions comprising “E”

Meaning of “adjusted BLAGAB management expenses”

76

This section explains for the purposes of section 73 how to calculate the adjusted BLAGAB management expenses of the company for the accounting period.

Step 1 Calculate the ordinary BLAGAB management expenses of the company referable to the accounting period (see sections 77, 81 and 82). In making the calculation ignore so much of those expenses as is deductible under other relevant rules (see section 78(2)). If the company is an overseas life insurance company, see also section 96.

...

Step 3 Calculate the total amount of any deemed BLAGAB management expenses for the accounting period (see section 78(3)). For this purpose ignore any amounts that have already been included in step 1.

Step 4 Find the basic amount by adding together the amount given by the calculation required by step 1 ... and the amount given by the calculation required by step 3. Adjust the basic amount by deducting from it any expenses reversed in the accounting period (see section 78(4)) and any BLAGAB trade loss relieved for the accounting period (see section 78(5)).

Step 5 Add together any amounts carried forward as expenses from the previous accounting period to the accounting period as a result of section 73 or 93 to give the carried-forward amount. Add the carried-forward amount to the basic amount or, as the case may be, the basic amount adjusted in accordance with step 4. The resulting amount is the amount of adjusted BLAGAB management expenses of the company for the accounting period.

Section 76: meaning of “ordinary BLAGAB management expenses” etc

77

(1) This section explains for the purposes of section 76 what is meant by the “ordinary BLAGAB management expenses of the company referable to the accounting period”.

(2) Amounts are “ordinary BLAGAB management expenses” of the company if—

(a) they are, in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice, debited in accounts drawn up by the company for a period of account ...,

(b) they are expenses of management of the company's long-term business that are referable, in accordance with Chapter 4, to its basic life assurance and general annuity business, and

(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4) The following are “excluded amounts”—

(a) amounts of a capital nature,

(b) re-insurance premiums,

(d) profit commissions and profit participations (however described),

(e) a liability of the company to pay an amount of commission or other expenses so far as exceeding the amount which it could reasonably be expected to pay if sections 68 and 69 were not applicable,

(f) non-commercial amounts payable by the company,

(g) amounts payable in connection with a policy or contract to a policyholder or annuitant under the policy or contract or to any other person entitled to receive benefits under the policy or contract.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (4)(f) expenses or other amounts are “non-commercial amounts” payable by the company so far as the company's purpose in incurring the liability to make the payment is not a business or other commercial purpose of the company.

(6) Amounts payable as mentioned in paragraph (g) of subsection (4) include—

(a) amounts payable to any person acting on behalf of a person within that paragraph, and

(b) amounts payable to the personal representatives of a deceased person who was (or acted on behalf of a person who was) within that paragraph.

(7) Amounts payable as mentioned in subsection (4)(g) do not include amounts payable to an insurance company which is a policyholder under the policy.

(8) In the case of ordinary BLAGAB management expenses in respect of a period of account which coincides with or falls wholly in an accounting period of the company, all of those expenses are “referable to” the accounting period.

(9) In the case of ordinary BLAGAB management expenses in respect of any other period of account—

(a) those expenses are to be apportioned to the accounting period of the company in accordance with section 1172 of CTA 2010, and

(b) the apportioned amount of those expenses is “referable to” the accounting period.

Section 76: meaning of other expressions

78

(1) This section explains for the purposes of section 76 what is meant by—

“other relevant rules”,

“deemed BLAGAB management expenses for the accounting period”,

“expenses reversed in the accounting period”, and

“BLAGAB trade loss relieved for the accounting period”.

(2) An expense is deductible under another “relevant rule” if—

(a) it is deductible as a result of section 92(3),

(b) it is deductible in calculating, for corporation tax purposes, the profits of a property business, or

(c) it is deductible as a result of section 272 of CTA 2009 in calculating income from the letting of rights to work minerals in the United Kingdom.

(3) An amount is a “deemed BLAGAB management expense for the accounting period” if it is treated as such for the purposes of section 76 as a result of—

... paragraph 33(2) of Schedule 17 (spreading of acquisition expenses),

section 83 (general annuity business),

section 87(3) (losses from property businesses where land held for purposes of long-term business),

section 88(6) (excess of debits in respect of intangible fixed assets),

section 89(2) (excess of miscellaneous losses),

paragraph 16(1) of Schedule 7 to FA 1991 (transitional relief for old general annuity contracts),

section 256(2)(a) of CAA 2001 (allowances in respect of plant or machinery consisting of management asset),

section 270HH of CAA 2001 (allowances in respect of structures or buildings consisting of management asset),

section 391(3) of CTA 2009 (loan relationships: carry forward of surplus to next accounting period),

section 1162 of CTA 2009 (additional relief for remediation of contaminated or derelict land), or

section 814C(7) of CTA 2010 (manufactured dividends).

(4) “Expenses reversed in the accounting period” means the total amount of the expenses—

(a) which were relieved in any previous accounting period in accordance with step 1 ... or step 3 of section 76, but

(b) which are subsequently reversed in the accounting period.

(5) A “BLAGAB trade loss relieved for the accounting period” means any of the following—

(a) a BLAGAB trade loss of the company for the accounting period in question, so far as relief is given for the loss under—

(i) section 37 of CTA 2010 (relief for trade losses against total income), as applied by section 123, or

(ii) Chapter 4 of Part 5 of that Act (group relief), as applied by section 125;

(b) an amount deducted under section 124B (relief for excess carried forward post-1 April BLAGAB trade losses) from the company's total profits of the accounting period in question;

(c) an amount of a BLAGAB trade loss of the company relieved under Chapter 3 of Part 5A of CTA 2010 (group relief for carried-forward losses) if the surrender period (see section 188BB(7)) to which the claim relates is the accounting period in question.

Spreading of acquisition expenses

79

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Section 79: meaning of “acquisition expenses”

80

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Amounts treated as ordinary BLAGAB management expenses

81

(1) This section applies in relation to amounts which meet the conditions in section 77(2)(a) and (b).

(2) The relevant permissive rules apply for the purpose of treating the amounts as ordinary BLAGAB management expenses for the purposes of section 76 as they apply for the purpose of treating amounts as expenses of management for the purposes of Chapter 2 of Part 16 of CTA 2009 (companies with investment business).

(3) The following provisions of CTA 2009 are “relevant permissive rules”—

(a) section 1000 (costs of setting up employee share ownership trust),

(b) section 1234 (payments for restrictive undertakings),

(d) section 1237 (counselling and other outplacement expenses),

(e) section 1238(1) to (3) (retraining courses),

(f) sections 1239 to 1242 (redundancy payments and approved contractual payments),

(g) section 1243 (payments made by the Government), and

(h) section 1244 (contributions to local enterprise organisations or urban regeneration companies).

(4) If—

(a) an employer's liability to corporation tax for an accounting period is determined on the assumption that a deduction for expenditure is allowed as a result of the application by this section of section 1238(1) to (3) of CTA 2009, and

(b) the deduction would not otherwise have been allowed,

section 75(2) to (4) of CTA 2009 (retraining courses: recovery of tax) apply.

(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(6) Section 1253 of CTA 2009 (contributions to local enterprise organisations or urban regeneration companies: disqualifying benefits) applies in the case of amounts treated, as a result of the application by this section of section 1244 of that Act, as ordinary BLAGAB management expenses as it applies in the case of amounts for which a deduction has been made under section 1219 of that Act as a result of section 1244 of that Act.

(7) For the purposes of this section—

(a) references in any relevant permissive rule to a company carrying on business that consists wholly or partly of making investments or to a company with investment business are to be read as references to a company carrying on basic life assurance and general annuity business,

(b) references in any relevant permissive rule to an amount being deductible under section 1219 of CTA 2009 are to be read as references to an amount being deductible as an ordinary BLAGAB management expense,

(d) the reference in section 1240(4) of CTA 2009 to sections 1224 to 1227 of that Act is to be read as a reference to section 77(8) and (9) of this Act, and

(e) section 1243 of CTA 2009 is to be treated as having effect with the omission of subsection (1)(c).

(8) An amount is treated as an ordinary BLAGAB management expense as a result of this section only so far as it would not otherwise be regarded as an ordinary BLAGAB management expense.

Restrictions in relation to ordinary BLAGAB management expenses

82

(1) This section applies in relation to an amount which is (or, but for this section, would be) regarded for the purposes of section 76 as an ordinary BLAGAB management expense of an insurance company.

(2) Section 1249(1) and (2) of CTA 2009 (unpaid remuneration) apply for the purpose of determining the period of account for which the amount is debited in the accounts of the company for the purposes of section 77 ....

(3) Section 1249(1) and (3) of CTA 2009 apply for the purpose of determining whether the amount is to be regarded as an ordinary BLAGAB management expense of the company.

(4) Section 1251(1) and (2) of CTA 2009 (car hire) apply for the purpose of determining the amount of the ordinary BLAGAB management expense of the company.

(5) For the purposes of subsections (2) to (4)—

(a) references in section 1249 or 1251 of CTA 2009 to a company with investment business are to be read as references to a company carrying on basic life assurance and general annuity business (and, accordingly, the reference in section 1251(1) to total profits is to be read as a reference to profits of basic life assurance and general annuity business), and

(b) references in section 1249 or 1251 of CTA 2009 to an amount being deductible under section 1219 of CTA 2009 are to be read as references to an amount being deductible as an ordinary BLAGAB management expense.

(6) If—

(a) an amount is reduced as a result of subsection (4) or a corresponding rule,

(b) subsequently there is a rebate (however described) of the hire charges, and

(c) an amount representing the rebate is deductible as a reversed expense or taken into account in calculating the amount of an I - E receipt under section 92,

the amount that would otherwise be so deductible or taken into account is reduced by 15%.

(7) If—

(a) an amount is reduced as a result of subsection (4) or a corresponding rule,

(b) subsequently a debt in respect of any of the hire charges is released otherwise than as part of a statutory insolvency arrangement, and

the amount that would otherwise be so deductible is reduced by 15%.

(8) For the purposes of subsections (6) and (7)—

“corresponding rule” means section 56(2) or 1251(2) of CTA 2009 or section 48(2) of ITTOIA 2005,

“deductible as a reversed expense” means deductible at step 4 in section 76 as an expense reversed in an accounting period, and

“statutory insolvency arrangement” has the meaning given by section 1319(1) of CTA 2009.

General annuity business

83

(1) This section applies if an insurance company pays qualifying BLAGAB annuities in an accounting period.

(2) An amount equal to the difference between—

(a) the total amount of those annuities paid by the company in the accounting period, and

(b) the total of the amounts exempt under section 717 of ITTOIA 2005 (exemption for part of purchased life annuity payments) contained in those annuities so paid,

is treated for the purposes of section 76 as a deemed BLAGAB management expense for the accounting period.

(3) An annuity is a “qualifying BLAGAB annuity” if—

(a) it is referable to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business, and

(b) it is paid under a contract made by the company in an accounting period beginning on or after 1 January 1992 (but see section 85).

(4) For the purposes of this section the amounts exempt under section 717 of ITTOIA 2005 are so much of the payments under the qualifying BLAGAB annuities as would be within the exemption under that section if—

(a) section 718 of ITTOIA 2005 were omitted, and

(b) the exemption under section 717 of ITTOIA 2005 applied in relation to companies as well as individuals.

(5) If a qualifying BLAGAB annuity (“the actual annuity”) is a steep-reduction annuity, the calculations required by subsection (2)(a) and (b) are to be made as if—

(a) the contract for the actual annuity provided instead for the annuities identified below (“the deemed annuities”), and

(b) the consideration for each of the deemed annuities were equal to an apportionment of the consideration for the actual annuity on a just and reasonable basis.

(6) The deemed annuities are—

(a) an annuity the payments in respect of which are confined to payments in respect of the actual annuity that fall to be made at the earliest time for the making in respect of that annuity of a reduced payment within section 84(1)(c), and

(b) an annuity the payments in respect of which are all the payments in respect of the actual annuity other than those mentioned in paragraph (a).

(7) If a deemed annuity within subsection (6)(b) (“the later annuity”) would itself be a steep-reduction annuity, the deemed annuities—

(a) do not include the later annuity, but

(b) include instead the annuities which would be identified by subsection (6) (with as many further applications of this subsection as may be necessary for securing that none of the deemed annuities is a steep-reduction annuity) if references in that subsection to the actual annuity were to the later annuity.

(8) This section needs to be read with section 84 (meaning of “steep-reduction annuity” etc).

General annuity business: meaning of “steep-reduction annuity” etc

84

(1) For the purposes of section 83 an annuity is a “steep-reduction annuity” if—

(a) the amount of any payment in respect of it (but not its term) depends on a contingency other than the duration of a human life or lives,

(b) the annuitant is entitled to payments of different amounts at different times, and

(c) the payments include a payment (“a reduced payment”) of an amount which is substantially smaller than the amount of at least one of the earlier payments.

(2) If there are different intervals between the payments, it is to be assumed for the purposes of subsection (1)(b) and (c)—

(a) that the annuitant's entitlement, after the first payment, to payments is an entitlement to payments at yearly intervals on the anniversary of the first payment, and

(b) that the amount to which the annuitant is assumed to be entitled is equal to the annuitant's assumed entitlement for the year ending with the anniversary in question.

(3) For this purpose the annuitant's assumed entitlement for a year is determined as follows—

(a) the annuitant's entitlement to each payment is taken to accrue at a constant rate during the interval between the previous payment and that payment, and

(b) the annuitant's assumed entitlement for a year is taken to be equal to the total amount which, in accordance with paragraph (a), is treated as accruing in the year.

(4) In the case of an annuity to which subsection (2) applies, the reference in section 83(6)(a) to the making of a reduced payment is to be read as a reference to the making of a payment which (applying subsection (3)(a)) is taken to accrue at a rate that is substantially less than the rate at which at least one of the earlier payments is taken to accrue.

(5) If—

(a) a question arises whether a payment is substantially smaller than, or accrues at a rate substantially less than, an earlier payment, and

(b) the annuitant or (as the case may be) every annuitant is an individual who is beneficially entitled to all the rights conferred on him or her as such an annuitant,

the question is determined without regard to so much of the difference between the amounts or rates as is referable to a reduction falling to be made as a result of a death.

(6) If the amount of any one or more of the payments depends on a contingency, the annuitant's entitlement to the payments is determined for the purposes of section 83 and this section according to whatever is the most likely outcome in relation to the contingency (applying any relevant actuarial principles).

(7) If an agreement or other arrangement has effect for varying the rights of the annuitant in relation to a payment, the payment is taken for the purposes of section 83 and this section to be a payment of the amount to which the annuitant is entitled in accordance with the agreement or other arrangement.

(8) For the purposes of this section references to a contingency include a contingency consisting wholly or partly in the exercise of an option.

General annuity business: payments made in pre-1992 accounting periods

85

(1) If—

(a) a payment in respect of an annuity is made by an insurance company under a group annuity contract made in a pre-1992 accounting period, and

(b) the company's liabilities first include an amount in respect of that annuity in a post-1992 accounting period,

the payment is treated for the purposes of section 83(3)(b) as if the contract had been made in a post-1992 accounting period.

(2) If—

(a) a payment in respect of an annuity is made by a re-insurer under a re-insurance treaty made in a pre-1992 accounting period, and

(b) the re-insurer's liabilities first include an amount in respect of that annuity in a post-1992 accounting period,

the payment is, as respects the re-insurer, treated for the purposes of section 83(3)(b) as if the treaty had been made in a post-1992 accounting period.

(3) In this section—

“a pre-1992 accounting period” means an accounting period beginning before 1 January 1992,

“a post-1992 accounting period” means an accounting period beginning on or after 1 January 1992,

“group annuity contract” means a contract under which the insurance company undertakes to become liable to pay annuities to or in respect of persons who may subsequently be specified or otherwise ascertained under or in accordance with the contract (whether or not annuities under the contract are also payable to or in respect of persons who are specified or ascertained at the time the contract is made), and

“re-insurance treaty” means a contract under which one insurance company is obliged to cede, and another (referred to in this section as a “re-insurer”) to accept, the whole or part of a risk of a class or description to which the contract relates.

Special rules applying to I - E basis

Separate property businesses for BLAGAB etc

86

(1) This section modifies the rules in sections 208 and 209 of CTA 2009 (basic meaning of UK and overseas property business) for the purpose of applying the I - E rules in relation to an insurance company.

(2) The company is treated as carrying on separate UK property businesses or overseas property businesses in accordance with the following provisions.

(3) The exploitation of land held otherwise than for the purposes of the company's long-term business is treated as a separate business from the exploitation of land held for those purposes.

(4) In the case of the exploitation of land held for the purposes of the company's long-term business, each of the following is treated as a separate business—

(a) the exploitation of land which is matched to BLAGAB liabilities of the company,

(b) the exploitation of land which is matched to other long-term business liabilities of the company, and

(5) In the case of land part of which is matched to a BLAGAB liability or other long-term business liability, only the part of the land in question is to count for the purposes of this section as matched to the liability in question.

(6) In this section “land” means any estate, interest or right in or over land.

Losses from property businesses where land held for long-term business

87

(1) This section applies for the purpose of applying the I - E rules in relation to an insurance company if, in an accounting period, the company makes a loss in any of its separate UK property businesses or overseas property businesses within section 86(4).

(2) The provisions of Chapter 4 of Part 4 of CTA 2010 (loss relief: property businesses) do not apply to the loss.

(3) So far as the loss is referable, in accordance with Chapter 4, to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business, it is treated for the purposes of section 76 as a deemed BLAGAB management expense for the accounting period.

(4) If the company has two or more separate property businesses within section 86(4), then for the purposes of subsection (3) the loss in question is taken to be the total net loss after—

(a) setting the losses from the businesses which are referable, in accordance with Chapter 4, to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business, against

(b) the profits from the businesses which are so referable.

Loan relationships, derivative contracts and intangible fixed assets

88

(1) This section applies if an insurance company has—

(a) credits or debits in respect of any loan relationships,

(b) credits or debits in respect of any derivative contracts, or

that are referable, in accordance with Chapter 4, to its basic life assurance and general annuity business.

(2) In the application of the I - E rules in relation to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business—

(a) the loan relationship rules,

(b) the derivative contract rules, and

have effect as if the activities carried on by the company in the course of its basic life assurance and general annuity business did not constitute the whole or any part of a trade or of a property business.

(3) In the application of the I - E rules for an accounting period in relation to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business—

(a) BLAGAB credits in respect of its loan relationships for the period are to count as income for the purposes of those rules only in so far as they exceed BLAGAB debits in respect of its loan relationships for the period, and

(b) BLAGAB credits brought into account by the company under Part 8 of CTA 2009 for the period are to count as income for the purposes of those rules only in so far as they exceed BLAGAB debits brought into account by the company under that Part for the period.

(4) References in subsection (3)(a) to BLAGAB credits or BLAGAB debits in respect of a company's loan relationships include, as a result of subsection (2) and section 574 of CTA 2009, BLAGAB credits or BLAGAB debits in respect of the company's derivative contracts.

(5) If for an accounting period the BLAGAB debits mentioned in subsection (3)(a) exceed the BLAGAB credits mentioned there, the excess is dealt with in accordance with sections 388 to 391 of CTA 2009.

(6) If for an accounting period the BLAGAB debits mentioned in subsection (3)(b) exceed the BLAGAB credits mentioned there, the excess is treated for the purposes of section 76 as a deemed BLAGAB management expense for that period.

(7) In this section—

“BLAGAB credits”, in relation to a company, means credits arising from the company's long-term business that are referable, in accordance with Chapter 4, to its basic life assurance and general annuity business,

“BLAGAB debits”, in relation to a company, means debits arising from the company's long-term business that are referable, in accordance with Chapter 4, to its basic life assurance and general annuity business,

“the loan relationship rules” means the rules set out in Part 5 of CTA 2009 (including provisions of other enactments by reference to which amounts are to be brought into account for the purposes of that Part),

“the derivative contract rules” means the rules set out in Part 7 of CTA 2009, and

“the intangible fixed asset rules” means the rules set out in Part 8 of CTA 2009.

Miscellaneous income and losses

89

(1) In the application of the I - E rules for an accounting period in relation to an insurance company's basic life assurance and general annuity business, BLAGAB miscellaneous income of the company for the period is to count as income for the purposes of those rules only in so far as it exceeds BLAGAB miscellaneous losses of the company for the period.

(2) If for an accounting period the BLAGAB miscellaneous losses exceed the BLAGAB miscellaneous income, the excess—

(a) is carried forward to the next accounting period, and

(b) is treated for the purposes of section 76 as a deemed BLAGAB management expense for that period.

(3) In this section—

“BLAGAB miscellaneous income”, in relation to a company, means income of the company arising from its long-term business which—is chargeable under any provision to which section 1173 of CTA 2010 (miscellaneous charges) applies other than section 752 of CTA 2009 (non-trading gains on intangible fixed assets), andis referable, in accordance with Chapter 4, to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business, and

“BLAGAB miscellaneous losses”, in relation to a company, means losses of the company arising from its long-term business which—arise from miscellaneous transactions, andare referable, in accordance with Chapter 4, to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3) a transaction is a “miscellaneous transaction” if income arising from it would be chargeable under any provision to which section 1173 of CTA 2010 applies other than—

(a) section 752 of CTA 2009, or

(b) regulation 18(4) of the Offshore Funds (Tax) Regulations 2009 (offshore income gains).

(5) For the purposes of this section references to income that is chargeable under any provision to which section 1173 of CTA 2010 applies are to income that, but for sections 68 and 69, would be chargeable under that provision.

Investment return where risk in respect of policy or contract re-insured

90

(1) This section applies if an insurance company re-insures any risk in respect of a policy or contract attributable to its basic life assurance and general annuity business.

(2) For the purposes of the I - E rules the investment return on the policy or contract is treated as accruing to the company while the risk remains re-insured by the company under the re-insurance arrangement.

(3) The investment return that is treated as accruing to the company—

(a) is treated for the purposes of those rules as income that is referable, in accordance with Chapter 4, to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business, and

(b) is, accordingly, brought into account for the purposes of those rules at step 1 in section 73.

(4) HMRC Commissioners may make provision by regulations as to the amount of investment return that is treated as accruing in each accounting period during which the re-insurance arrangement is in force.

(5) HMRC Commissioners may by regulations exclude from the operation of this section—

(a) such descriptions of insurance company,

(b) such descriptions of policies or contracts, and

as may be prescribed by the regulations.

(6) Nothing in this section applies in relation to the re-insurance of a policy or contract where the policy or contract was made, and the re-insurance arrangement effected, before 29 November 1994.

Regulations under section 90(4): supplementary provision

91

(1) This section applies to regulations under section 90(4).

(2) The regulations may provide for the calculation of the investment return treated as accruing to a company in respect of a policy or contract in an accounting period to be made by reference to—

(a) the total amount of sums paid (by way of premium or otherwise) by the company to the re-insurer during the accounting period and any earlier accounting periods,

(b) the total amount of sums paid (by way of commission or otherwise) by the re-insurer to the company during the accounting period and any earlier accounting periods,

(c) the total amount of the net investment return treated as accruing to the company in any earlier accounting periods, that is to say, net of tax at such rate as may be prescribed by the regulations, and

(d) such percentage rate of return as may be prescribed by the regulations.

(3) The regulations may make provision dealing with the transfer of the re-insurance arrangement from one insurance company to another.

(4) The regulations must provide that the amount of investment return treated as accruing in respect of a policy or contract in the final accounting period during which the policy or contract is in force is the amount, ascertained in accordance with the regulations, by which the overall profit exceeds the total amount treated as accruing in earlier accounting periods.

(5) “The overall profit” means the profit over the whole period during which the policy or contract, and the re-insurance arrangement, were in force.

(6) If the overall profit is less than the total amount treated as accruing in earlier accounting periods, the difference—

(a) must be set off against amounts treated as a result of section 90 as accruing in the final accounting period from other policies or contracts, and

(b) if not fully set off as mentioned in paragraph (a), may be carried forward for set-off against amounts treated as a result of that section as accruing in subsequent accounting periods.

(7) The regulations may—

(a) make different provision for different cases or circumstances, and

(b) contain incidental, supplementary, consequential, transitional, transitory or saving provision.

(8) An example of the kind of supplementary provision within subsection (7)(b) is provision requiring payments made during an accounting period to be treated as made on such date or dates as may be prescribed by the regulations.

Deemed I - E receipts

Certain BLAGAB trading receipts to count as deemed I - E receipts

92

(1) This section applies if—

(a) an insurance company has receipts that are taken into account in calculating its BLAGAB trade profit or loss (see section 136) for an accounting period,

(b) the receipts would not fall within the charge to corporation tax apart from this section, and

(2) The appropriate amount of the receipts is an I - E receipt of the company for the accounting period.

(3) The “appropriate amount” of the receipts is found by deducting expenses from the receipts so far as is necessary for calculating the full amount of the profits.

(4) Chapter 1 of Part 20 of CTA 2009 (general rules for restricting deductions) is to apply to that calculation.

(5) The following receipts are “excluded” receipts—

(a) premiums,

(aa) sums paid to the company under re-insurance arrangements under which the re-insurer assumes substantially all of the insurance risks relating to the business that is re-insured,

(b) sums , other than sums falling within paragraph (aa), received under re-insurance contracts (but see subsection (6) for exceptions),

(d) payments received under the Financial Services Compensation Scheme, and

(e) payments received from other insurance companies to enable the company to meet its obligations to policyholders.

(6) A sum received under a re-insurance contract , other than a sum falling within paragraph (aa), is not an excluded receipt if—

(a) it is a re-insurance commission (however described), or

(b) it is a sum calculated to any extent by reference to the ordinary BLAGAB management expenses of the company referable to the accounting period (within the meaning of section 77).

Minimum profits charge

Minimum profits test

93

(1) This section applies if an insurance company has a BLAGAB trade profit for an accounting period.

(2) A comparison must be made between—

(a) the I - E profit or excess BLAGAB expenses for the accounting period, and

(b) the BLAGAB trade profit for the accounting period,

adjusted as need be in accordance with sections 94, 124, 124A and 124C.

(3) In making the calculation required by subsection (2)(a), it is to be assumed that this Chapter has effect with the omission of subsection (5)(a) (but, apart from that, all the other rules in this Chapter have effect for the purposes of that calculation).

(4) If there are excess BLAGAB expenses for the accounting period, the amount of the excess is treated for the purposes of this section as a negative figure equal to that amount.

(5) If, for the accounting period, the adjusted BLAGAB trade profit exceeds the adjusted I - E profit or excess BLAGAB expenses—

(a) an amount equal to the difference is an I - E receipt of the company for the accounting period (see section 73), and

(b) the same amount is carried forward to the company's next accounting period as an expense (see section 76).

(6) For the purposes of this section, assume that non-BLAGAB allowable losses cannot be deducted to any extent from BLAGAB chargeable gains (and, accordingly, assume that section 95 is not included in this Act).

Adjustment of I - E profit or excess BLAGAB expenses

94

(1) This section applies if the BLAGAB trade profit for the accounting period includes non-taxable distributions receivable by the company in that period that are referable, in accordance with Chapter 7, to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business.

(2) For the purposes of section 93(5) (the comparison of the BLAGAB trade profit with the I - E profit or excess BLAGAB expenses), the calculation required by section 73 is performed again but adding to the amount of “I” found by step 4 the total amount of the non-taxable distributions receivable by the company in the accounting period that are so referable.

(3) Accordingly, once an adjustment is made in accordance with subsection (2), an amount of excess BLAGAB expenses for the accounting period might become an adjusted I - E profit for that period.

(4) For the purposes of this Part “non-taxable distributions” means distributions that are exempt for the purposes of Part 9A of CTA 2009 (company distributions).

(5) For the purposes of this Part the amount of a non-taxable distribution does not include any amount withheld from it on account of tax payable under the laws of a territory outside the United Kingdom.

Non-BLAGAB allowable losses

Use of non-BLAGAB allowable losses to reduce I - E profit

95

(1) This section applies if—

(a) an insurance company has an I - E profit for an accounting period, and

(b) non-BLAGAB allowable losses have accrued to the company that are available for deduction under section 2A(1) of TCGA 1992, as permitted by section 210A(2) and (2A) of that Act, from the shareholders' share of BLAGAB chargeable gains that have accrued to the company.

(2) Those losses may be deducted from those gains in accordance with that provision so as to reduce the amount of the I - E profit for the accounting period to nil but no further.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (1)(a), assume that non-BLAGAB allowable losses cannot be deducted from any BLAGAB chargeable gains (and, accordingly, ignore the effect of this section).

Overseas life insurance companies

Expenses referable to exempt FOTRA profits

96

(1) This section applies if the profits for an accounting period of the basic life assurance and general annuity business carried on by an overseas life insurance company in the United Kingdom consist of or include exempt FOTRA profits.

(2) In making the calculation required by step 1 of section 76 for the accounting period, ignore so much of the ordinary BLAGAB management expenses of the company as are referable to exempt FOTRA profits.

(3) The relevant proportion of those expenses is to be regarded for the purposes of this section as referable to exempt FOTRA profits.

(4) The relevant proportion is—

$$FOTRA FOTRA + 1$where—FOTRA is the amount of the exempt FOTRA profits arising in the accounting period, andI is the amount of I found by the calculations required by step 4 in section 73 in relation to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business for the accounting period.$

(5) In this section “exempt FOTRA profits” means profits in respect of which no liability to corporation tax arises as a result of section 1279 of CTA 2009.

CHAPTER 4 — Apportionment rules for I - E charge

Introduction

Application of Chapter

97

(1) This Chapter applies in the case of an insurance company that carries on—

(a) basic life assurance and general annuity business, and

(b) other business.

(2) This Chapter contains rules for determining for the purposes of Chapter 3—

(a) the credits or other income, the debits or other losses and the expenses that are referable to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business, and

(b) the chargeable gains and allowable losses accruing on the disposal of assets (or parts of assets) that are referable to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business.

Allocation of income, losses and expenses

Commercial allocation

98

(1) This section makes provision for determining—

(a) the credits or other income and the debits or other losses arising from the company's long-term business, and

(b) the expenses incurred in the course of the company's long-term business,

that, for the purposes of Chapter 3, are to be regarded as referable to its basic life assurance and general annuity business.

(2) Those items are to be determined in accordance with an acceptable commercial method adopted by the company for the period of account in which the income or losses arise or the expenses are incurred.

(3) A method is an “acceptable commercial method” if, in all the circumstances, it can reasonably be regarded as providing a fair method for the purposes of Chapter 3 for determining for a period of account what is referable to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business.

(4) The Treasury may make regulations for the purposes of this section—

(a) prescribing cases in which a method is, or is not, to be regarded as an acceptable commercial method, and

(b) prescribing cases in which the only acceptable commercial method is to be a method prescribed, or of a description prescribed, in the regulations.

(5) Subject to any provision made by regulations under subsection (4), the method adopted for the purposes of this section for a period of account—

(a) must be consistent with the method adopted for the purposes of section 115 for that period, and

(b) in the case of an overseas life insurance company, must also be consistent with the method for that period for attributing assets in accordance with the provision made by or under Chapter 4 of Part 2 of CTA 2009 to its permanent establishment in the United Kingdom.

(6) In this section “debits or other losses” means—

(a) losses in any separate UK property business carried on by the company which is within section 86(4),

(b) losses in any separate overseas business carried on by the company which is within section 86(4),

(d) debits in respect of any derivative contracts of the company,

(e) debits brought into account by the company under Part 8 of CTA 2009 (intangible fixed assets), and

(f) losses of the company which arise from miscellaneous transactions (as defined by section 89(4)).

Allocation of chargeable gains and allowable losses on disposals of assets

Application of sections 100 and 101

99

(1) Sections 100 and 101 apply for determining the chargeable gains or allowable losses that, for the purposes of Chapter 3, are to be regarded as referable to a company's basic life assurance and general annuity business whenever it disposes of assets held for the purposes of its long-term business (including cases where, as a result of Chapter 8 or any other provision of the Corporation Tax Acts, it is deemed to make a disposal).

(2) Expressions that are used in sections 100 and 101 and in TCGA 1992 have the same meaning in those sections as they have for the purposes of that Act.

Assets wholly or partly matched to BLAGAB liabilities

100

(1) If, immediately before the disposal, the whole of the asset was matched to a BLAGAB liability, the whole of the gain or loss is referable to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business.

(2) If, immediately before the disposal, a part of the asset was matched to a BLAGAB liability, the appropriate portion of the gain or loss is referable to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business.

(3) “The appropriate proportion” means the proportion equal to the proportion of the asset matched to the BLAGAB liability.

(4) If, as a result of Chapter 8, there is a disposal of a part of an asset where the part concerned is matched to a BLAGAB liability, the whole of the gain or loss is referable to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business.

(5) The concept of the whole or a part of an asset being matched to a BLAGAB liability is explained by section 138.

Commercial allocation for disposals not wholly dealt with by section 100

101

(1) This section applies if, in the case of the disposal—

(a) no part of the gain or loss is dealt with by section 100, or

(b) section 100 deals with only a proportion of the gain or loss.

(2) The gain or loss, or (as the case may be) the remaining proportion of the gain or loss, which is referable to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business is determined in accordance with an acceptable commercial method adopted by the company for the period of account in which the disposal is made.

(3) A method is an “acceptable commercial method” if it secures that gains or losses are referable to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business in a way that fairly represents the contribution that the assets in question have made to that business during the period in which they have been held for the purposes of the company's long-term business.

(4) The Treasury may make regulations for the purposes of this section—

(a) prescribing cases in which a method is, or is not, to be regarded as an acceptable commercial method, and

(b) prescribing cases in which the only acceptable commercial method is to be a method prescribed, or of a description prescribed, in the regulations.

(5) Subject to any provision made by regulations under subsection (4), the method adopted for the purposes of this section for a period of account—

(a) must be consistent with the method adopted for the purposes of section 98 for that period and the method adopted for the purposes of section 115 for that period, and

(b) in the case of an overseas life insurance company, must also be consistent with the method for that period for attributing assets in accordance with the provision made by or under Chapter 4 of Part 2 of CTA 2009 to its permanent establishment in the United Kingdom.

CHAPTER 5 — I - E profit: policyholders' rate of tax

102

(1) This section applies if an insurance company has an I - E profit for an accounting period.

(2) The rate of corporation tax chargeable for a financial year on the policyholders' share (if any) of the I - E profit is the policyholders' rate of tax.

(3) The policyholders' rate of tax is the rate at which income tax at the basic rate is charged for the tax year that begins on 6 April in the financial year.

(4) The policyholders' share of the I - E profit is determined in accordance with section 103.

(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(5) The policyholders' share of the I - E profit for an insurance company's accounting period is to be left out of account in determining for the purposes of Part 3A of CTA 2010 (companies with small profits)—

(a) the augmented profits of the company for the accounting period, and

(b) the taxable total profits of the company for the accounting period.

103

(1) This section determines for the purposes of section 102 the policyholders' share of the I - E profit of an insurance company for an accounting period.

(2) If the basic life assurance and general annuity business of the company carried on by the company in the accounting period is mutual business, the policyholders' share of the I - E profit is the whole of that profit.

(3) In any other case, the policyholders' share of the I - E profit is determined as follows.

(4) The first step is to calculate whether the company has a BLAGAB trade profit for the accounting period, and, if so, its amount.

(5) If the company does not have a BLAGAB trade profit for that period, the policyholders' share of the I - E profit is the whole of that profit.

(6) If—

(a) the company has a BLAGAB trade profit for that period, and

(b) the adjusted amount of the BLAGAB trade profit is less than the amount of the I - E profit for that period,

the difference between those amounts represents the policyholders' share of the I - E profit.

(7) If—

(a) the company has a BLAGAB trade profit for that period, and

(b) the adjusted amount of the BLAGAB trade profit is equal to or more than the amount of the I - E profit,

there is no policyholders' share of the I - E profit.

(8) References to the adjusted amount of the BLAGAB trade profit are to be read in accordance with section 104.

Meaning of “the adjusted amount”

104

(1) This section explains for the purposes of section 103 what is meant by the adjusted amount of the BLAGAB trade profit.

(2) The following adjustments are to be made to the amount of the BLAGAB trade profit.

(3) If relief is available under section 124, 124A or 124C (carry forward of BLAGAB trade losses against subsequent profits), the BLAGAB trade profit is to be reduced as mentioned in that section.

(4) If, as a result of relief given under any of those sections, the BLAGAB trade profit is reduced to nil, then the adjusted amount of the BLAGAB trade profit for the purposes of section 103 is nil.

(5) If—

(a) the BLAGAB trade profit is not reduced to nil as a result of relief given under section 124, 124A or 124C or no relief is available under those sections, and

(b) in the accounting period BLAGAB non-taxable distributions are receivable by the company,

the BLAGAB trade profit is reduced or further reduced (but not below nil) by subtracting from it an amount equal to the shareholders' share of those distributions.

(6) The BLAGAB trade profit as so reduced or further reduced is the adjusted BLAGAB trade profit for the purposes of section 103.

105

(1) This section explains for the purposes of section 104 what is meant by—

“BLAGAB non-taxable distributions”, and

“the shareholders' share” of BLAGAB non-taxable distributions.

(2) Non-taxable distributions are “BLAGAB” non-taxable distributions if they are referable, in accordance with Chapter 7, to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business.

(3) The “shareholders' share” of the BLAGAB non-taxable distributions receivable by the company in the accounting period is the relevant proportion of those distributions.

(4) The relevant proportion is—

$$BTP BNTD + 1$where—BTP is the amount of the BLAGAB trade profit of the company for the accounting period,BNTD is the amount of the BLAGAB non-taxable distributions receivable by the company in the accounting period, andI is the total of the amounts given by the calculations required by steps 1 to 3 in section 73 (I - E basis: income referable to BLAGAB) in relation to the company's basic life assurance and general annuity business for the accounting period.$

(5) If BTP exceeds BNTD + I, the shareholders' share of the BLAGAB non-taxable distributions receivable by the company in the accounting period is the whole of those distributions.

Policyholder tax and calculation of BLAGAB trade profit or loss

Deduction for current policyholder tax

106

(1) This section applies for the purpose of calculating the BLAGAB trade profit or loss for an accounting period of any basic life assurance and general annuity business carried on by an insurance company in a case where the company has an I - E profit for that period.

(2) In calculating the profit or loss for the accounting period, a deduction is allowed for an amount equal to the amount of corporation tax charged at the policyholders' rate of tax on the policyholders' share of the company's I - E profit for that period.

Expenses or receipts for deferred policyholder tax

107

(1) This section applies for the purpose of calculating the BLAGAB trade profit or loss for a period of account of any basic life assurance and general annuity business carried on by an insurance company.

(2) In calculating the profit or loss, an amount is brought into account that is equal to—

(a) the closing deferred policyholder tax balance for the period of account, less

(b) the closing deferred policyholder tax balance for the previous period of account.

(3) The amount—

(a) is brought into account as an expense, if it is a negative figure, and

(b) is brought into account as a receipt, if it is a positive figure.

(4) The amount is brought into account under this section only if, in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice, it is debited or credited in accounts drawn up by the company for the period of account.

(5) If the closing deferred policyholder tax balance for a period of account is a liability, the amount of the balance is taken to be a negative figure for the purposes of this section.

(6) If the closing deferred policyholder tax balance for a period of account is an asset, the amount of the balance is taken to be a positive figure for the purposes of this section.

(7) Section 108 applies for determining the closing deferred policyholder tax balance for a period of account.

Meaning of “the closing deferred policyholder tax balance” etc

108

(1) For the purposes of section 107 “the closing deferred policyholder tax balance for a period of account” means so much of the closing amount shown, in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice, in the accounts of the company for that period in respect of deferred tax as is wholly attributable to policyholder tax.

(2) Provision forming part of the closing amount is “wholly attributable to policyholder tax” if—

(a) the provision is made in respect of a BLAGAB matter (see subsection (3)), and

(b) anything included in the closing amount in respect of that matter is calculated wholly by reference to the policyholders' rate of tax chargeable on the policyholders' share of the company's I - E profit for any accounting period.

(3) A “BLAGAB matter” means—

(a) an amount of excess BLAGAB expenses,

(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(d) an amount of BLAGAB allowable loss (within the meaning of section 210A of TCGA 1992) carried forward for future use,

(e) an amount to which section 213 of TCGA 1992 applies (spreading of gains and losses under section 212), or

(f) an amount in respect of the future disposal (or part disposal) of an asset which would fall to be taken into account in accordance with section 75.

(4) If—

(a) for a period of account of the company the provision made in respect of a BLAGAB matter is taken into account for the purposes of section 107, and

(b) for a subsequent period of account of the company the provision made in respect of that matter is no longer wholly attributable to policyholder tax because the condition in subsection (2)(b) ceases to be met,

there is to be a reversal in the subsequent period of account in respect of the provision (so far as section 107 does not otherwise apply in relation to the case).

(5) The reversal in the subsequent period of account is to be made as follows—

(a) if the provision was an amount which for accounting purposes was regarded as an asset, a negative amount equal to that amount is to be taken into account in calculating the closing deferred policyholder tax balance for that period for the purposes of section 107, and

(b) if the provision was an amount which for accounting purposes was regarded as a liability, a positive amount equal to that amount is to be taken into account in calculating the closing deferred policyholder tax balance for that period for the purposes of section 107.

(6) The Treasury may by order amend the definition of a “BLAGAB matter”.

(7) An order under subsection (6) may contain incidental, supplementary, consequential, transitional, transitory or saving provision.

CHAPTER 6 — Trade calculation rules applying to long-term business

Application of Chapter

109

(1) The rules contained in this Chapter have effect for the purpose of—

(a) calculating the BLAGAB trade profit or loss of any basic life assurance and general annuity business carried on by an insurance company, and

(b) calculating for corporation tax purposes the profits of any non-BLAGAB long-term business carried on by an insurance company,

but, in the case of section 112, see also subsection (6) of that section.

(2) In this Chapter references to the calculation of the profits are, in the case of the calculation of the BLAGAB trade profit or loss, to be read as references to the calculation of that profit or loss.

(3) See also section 47 of CTA 2009 (losses calculated on same basis as profits).

(4) In the case of the calculation of the BLAGAB trade profit or loss, see also sections 106 to 108.

Allocations to policyholders

110

(1) In calculating the profits for an accounting period, a deduction is allowed for any amount which is allocated to policyholders or annuitants in respect of the accounting period.

(2) But there is no deduction for an amount of a capital nature that—

(a) is allocated to holders of with-profits policies, and

(b) has not been funded from an amount credited in accounts of the business drawn up in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice (whether drawn up by the company or another company).

(3) For this purpose a payment made in connection with the reattribution of inherited estate is to be regarded as an amount of a capital nature.

(4) “With-profits policies” means policies under which the holders are eligible to participate in surplus.

Dividends and other distributions

111

(1) Dividends or other distributions—

(a) which are receivable by the company, and

(b) which are referable, in accordance with Chapter 7, to the business concerned,

are to be brought into account as receipts in calculating the profits.

(2) This rule—

(a) applies whether or not the distributions are exempt for the purposes of Part 9A of CTA 2009 or would otherwise be dealt with under that Part, but

(b) does not apply in the case of distributions that are of a capital nature.

Index-linked gilt-edged securities

112

(1) If, for an accounting period, a company has a loan relationship which is represented by an index-linked gilt-edged security, sections 400 to 400C of CTA 2009 (adjustments for changes in index) are not to apply in calculating the profits for the accounting period.

(2) But subsection (1) does not apply to loan relationships of the company that are qualifying PHI loan relationships.

(3) A loan relationship is a “qualifying PHI loan relationship” if

(a) the loan relationship is identified in the records of the company as an asset held for the purposes of index-linked PHI business carried on by the company, and

(b) none of the credits or debits in respect of the loan relationship are referable to BLAGAB,

but see subsection (5) for a case in which a loan relationship meeting the conditions in paragraphs (a) and (b) is not a qualifying PHI loan relationship.

(4) Credits or debits are referable to BLAGAB if—

(a) they are referable, in accordance with Chapter 4, to any basic life assurance and general annuity business of the company, or

(b) they are taken into account in calculating the profit or loss that is, in accordance with Chapter 7, allocated to any basic life assurance and general annuity business of the company.

(5) A loan relationship which, but for this subsection, would be a qualifying PHI loan relationship of the company is not a qualifying PHI loan relationship if the value of the loan relationship when added to the value of qualifying PHI loan relationships of the company exceeds the value of the liabilities incurred by the company for the purposes of its index-linked PHI business.

(6) A loan relationship of the company which at any time is a qualifying PHI loan relationship is to be regarded for the purposes of this Part as an asset which is held at that time for the purposes of the company's long-term business but which is not matched to its long-term business liabilities or held by it for the purposes of any with-profits funds.

(7) In this section—

“index-linked gilt-edged security” has the same meaning as it has in sections 400 to 400C of CTA 2009 (see section 399(4) of that Act), and

“index-linked PHI business” means PHI business so far as consisting of the effecting or carrying out of contracts of long-term insurance under which the benefits payable are linked to an index of prices published by the Statistics Board.

Receipts or expenses relating to long-term business fixed capital

113

Receipts or expenses which arise from an asset forming part of the long-term business fixed capital of the company are to be left out of account in calculating the profits.

CHAPTER 7 — Trading apportionment rules

Application of Chapter

114

(1) This Chapter applies in the case of an insurance company which, as a result of section 66, has—

(a) a business consisting of basic life assurance and general annuity business, and

(b) a non-BLAGAB long-term business.

(2) The rules contained in this Chapter determine—

(a) how to allocate between those two businesses the profits or loss of the long-term business calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice, and

(b) how to allocate the tax adjustments in making the calculations mentioned in subsection (5)(a) and (b).

(3) The amount of the profits or loss mentioned in subsection (2)(a) is referred to in this Chapter as the “accounting profit or loss”.

(4) For the purposes of this Chapter “the tax adjustments” means the adjustments required or authorised by law in calculating for corporation tax purposes the profits of the long-term business (applying the same rules as apply to the calculation for those purposes of the profits of non-BLAGAB long-term business).

(5) The rules contained in this Chapter have effect for the purpose of—

(a) calculating the BLAGAB trade profit or loss of the company, and

(b) calculating for corporation tax purposes the profits of the non-BLAGAB long-term business carried on by the company.

Commercial allocation of accounting profit or loss and tax adjustments

115

(1) The accounting profit or loss, and the tax adjustments, are to be allocated between the two separate businesses in accordance with an acceptable commercial method adopted by the company.

(2) A method is an “acceptable commercial method” if it secures that the accounting profit or loss, and the tax adjustments, are allocated to the two separate businesses in a way that fairly represents the contribution made by those businesses to the accounting profit or loss as adjusted to take into account the tax adjustments.

(3) The Treasury may make regulations for the purposes of this section—

(a) prescribing cases in which a method is, or is not, to be regarded as an acceptable commercial method, and

(b) prescribing cases in which the only acceptable commercial method is to be a method prescribed, or of a description prescribed, in the regulations.

(4) Subject to any provision made by regulations under subsection (3), the method adopted for the purposes of this section for a period of account—

(a) must be consistent with the method adopted for the purposes of section 98 for that period, and

(b) in the case of an overseas life insurance company, must also be consistent with the method for that period for attributing assets in accordance with the provision made by or under Chapter 4 of Part 2 of CTA 2009 to its permanent establishment in the United Kingdom.

CHAPTER 8 — Assets held for purposes of long-term business

Transfers of assets from different categories

UK life insurance companies

116

(1) If, at any time in a period of account of a UK life insurance company, an asset (or a part of an asset) held by the company—

(a) ceases to be within one of the long-term business categories, and

(b) comes within another of those categories,

the company is treated for the purposes of corporation tax on chargeable gains as if it had disposed of and immediately re-acquired the asset (or part) at that time for a consideration equal to the fair value of the asset (or part) at that time.

(2) The long-term business categories in question are—

(a) assets which are matched to BLAGAB liabilities of the company,

(b) assets which are matched to other long-term business liabilities of the company,

(c) assets which are held by the company for the purposes of any with-profits fund but which are not matched to its long-term business liabilities, and

(d) assets which are held for the purposes of the company's long-term business but which are not matched to its long-term business liabilities or held by it for the purposes of any with-profits funds.

(3) If the company has more than one with-profits fund within subsection (2)(c), the assets which are held by it for the purposes of a particular fund but which are not matched to its long-term business liabilities are treated as assets within a separate long-term business category.

(4) Subsection (1) does not apply if all the income of the company's long-term business is chargeable to corporation tax on income under section 35 of CTA 2009.

(5) If, at any time in a period of account of a UK life insurance company, an asset (or a part of an asset) held by the company—

(a) ceases to be within a category set out in subsection (6), and

(b) comes within the other category set out there,

the company is treated for the purposes of corporation tax as if it had disposed of and immediately re-acquired the asset (or part) for a consideration equal to the fair value of the asset (or part) at that time.

(6) The categories in question are—

(a) assets which are held for the purposes of the company's long-term business, and

(b) other assets.

Overseas life insurance companies: rule corresponding to s.116

117

(1) If, at any time in a period of account of an overseas life insurance company, an asset (or a part of an asset) held by the company—

(a) ceases to be within one of the UK long-term business categories, and

(b) comes within another of those categories,

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