Higher Education and Research Act 2017

[^key-9b145abaf5d4e9041455e126c327e71c]: S. 79 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(j)

[^key-9b1e98abdfb1a9e454a8f6cf80ebcb3b]: S. 82 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(j)

[^key-9c4a27a316a6e66b805ea2c8819f4f5f]: Sch. 1 para. 17 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/788, reg. 2(b)

[^key-9c718561a12a89fae6a02a411f54b233]: S. 48 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(e)

[^key-9d275274ac1ee9b80b5ee1bc266b3d43]: S. 93 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(a)

[^key-9d90fc5215bc08b91efdad676f066a7a]: Sch. 5 para. 8 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(r)

[^key-9f72e6b72712e6259f256681a37d9a1a]: Sch. 8 para. 16 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(o)

[^key-a09c7efddb359c3b8f371a77dd0ee145]: Sch. 12 para. 9 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(t) (with transitional and savings provisions in S.I. 2018/245, regs. 2, 3, 29)

[^key-a1112aab247d3baa71b745fd367d1e8e]: Sch. 11 para. 23 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(s) (with transitional and savings provisions in S.I. 2018/245, regs. 2, 3, 10)

[^key-a221838289907f5620f7d8ad011bbfd3]: Sch. 1 para. 2(1)(ca) inserted (14.8.2023) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(3), Sch. para. 12(2)(b); S.I. 2023/809, reg. 2(d)

[^key-a32048e72e9c2c971dddb7543e1aeb44]: Words in s. 85(1) inserted (11.5.2023) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(1)(f), Sch. para. 11(2)(c)

[^key-a395ad3425656e5b46ff1384d7d9a7a2]: Sch. 4 para. 6 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(q)

[^key-a4e8070eb0586d0dffb0fcd52829b622]: S. 27 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/1146, reg. 2(e)

[^key-a56f1bea2e4724085136509de91d83bc]: Sch. 1 para. 21 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/788, reg. 2(b)

[^key-a58ec4defe5395f92ff0f5137cc3f971]: S. 32 in force at 1.4.2018 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(d)

[^key-a6387dc08cd24210e20fee5bad1344af]: Sch. 8 para. 7 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(o)

[^key-a65113d776b0a93f9172893174ea92f6]: S. 29(2) in force at 1.4.2018 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(d)

[^key-a66627f0ce474854fca2befd2725cc35]: Sch. 11 para. 25 omitted (1.8.2024) by virtue of Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (asc 1), s. 148(2), Sch. 4 para. 38(2) (with s. 19); S.I. 2024/806, art. 3(c)(vii) (with art. 28)

[^key-a6a4486c63bd6e3dc080890185b84cea]: Sch. 6 para. 4 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/1146, reg. 2(q)(i)

[^key-a812cd15e3cab8afbe443a82f354fdd4]: Sch. 12 para. 13 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(t)

[^key-a8f2991e47188fba658de2e7fded8af0]: S. 91 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(a)

[^key-a9e0e10303ceb67dffe15c8aef4f7e2d]: Sch. 5 para. 4 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(r)

[^key-ab42dc50db07c7c88b688e0bd2509db7]: S. 112 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(m)

[^key-ac28e84849af72c762c0e2f23b71771f]: Sch. 7 para. 3 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(n)

[^key-ac83f76756d99093266cad5b778e078e]: S. 61 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(g)

[^key-ac894651092ff9680eed8c097b59eb74]: S. 73 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(j)

[^key-ae693c6473f9b99a3f595f929ccc429e]: Sch. 5 para. 9 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(r)

[^key-af1ae52b13584c838c24132751392134]: Sch. 1 para. 16 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/788, reg. 2(b)

[^key-b05165cec4279b2b9a0f9625b4d5d4bf]: S. 107 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(a)

[^key-b0eb4ff83f6bd0fd7903cd8e6860f28c]: Sch. 12 para. 26 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(t)

[^key-b172002b8186af8e9c0f938ef01df0d2]: S. 43 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(e)

[^key-b24dc8f07a3e8f224b33a939b67128ca]: Sch. 6 para. 11 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/1146, reg. 2(q)(ii)

[^key-b29c6297ea878f2ce314ed7585fd8dd4]: Sch. 1 para. 3A and cross-heading inserted (14.8.2023) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), ss. 10, 13(3); S.I. 2023/809, reg. 2(a)

[^key-b2ece5aece7cd079736d4dfdd08b7879]: Sch. 11 para. 27 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(s)

[^key-b2f022065865bdd96f20f777f1a0287a]: Sch. 11 para. 14 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(s) (with transitional and savings provisions in S.I. 2018/245, regs. 2-4)

[^key-b3c8cbad1b06a21fa95f89581dcc7296]: Words in Sch. 1 para. 3(1) substituted (14.8.2023) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(3), Sch. para. 12(3)(a); S.I. 2023/809, reg. 2(d)

[^key-b4174bc2e116917237bc6e8217140f0c]: S. 103 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(a)

[^key-b462fb3180d107dca43048a604a6b0f7]: S. 5 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(a)

[^key-b499cb4e0302b3156edde6275cff0649]: Sch. 1 para. 8 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/788, reg. 2(b)

[^key-b49a48476d87bb3f0c3658b487107e7a]: S. 33 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(d)

[^key-b4e6019bd247080ca7034af746a96a48]: Sch. 4 para. 9 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(q)

[^key-b54a717388feeab8fa7d356e91660703]: S. 89(2)(h)(ii)(4) in force at 1.4.2018 for E. by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(l)

[^key-b6b8a3be6847a9d9a9aefbddece359cf]: Sch. 6 para. 2 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/1146, reg. 2(q)(i)

[^key-b6e841975152ff628831e5d1df5d45cc]: Sch. 11 para. 35 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(s)

[^key-b76c1dc6f70eacf0f6ea6144d5e8acd9]: S. 23 in force at 1.4.2018 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(c)

[^key-b7ae52a53498d290e94927eb349eb660]: Sch. 5 para. 5 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(r)

[^key-b7fa71a0ed92718c6f4a5eb9bbaac9ef]: S. 64 in force at 1.1.2018 for specified purposes by S.I. 2017/1146, reg. 3(8)(a)

[^key-b844d62c8ea55fa53adb0fb4da620f8a]: S. 118 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/1146, reg. 2(o)

[^key-b85c1b7e2840cb53745608eb6dcf538c]: S. 64 in force at 1.4.2018 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(h) (with transitional and savings provisions in S.I. 2018/245, regs. 2, 3, 20)

[^key-b87e148e3d74807bfb5f065860254564]: S. 85(4)(5) in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(k)

[^key-b8d205cf7d085134bfa8ae2eeea7337d]: S. 41 in force at 1.1.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 2(a)

[^key-b95f32374fde800d38d437601d940e78]: Sch. 5 para. 6 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(r)

[^key-bb494f639b6f3a960ea79f1f9a5ae256]: S. 88 in force at 1.4.2018 for E. by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(l)

[^key-bbc2937b18e10c31e5a58c3be763fb83]: Sch. 11 para. 16 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(s) (with transitional and savings provisions in S.I. 2018/245, regs. 2-4)

[^key-bc5e560d4a6d63eadd530b6b8db44218]: Sch. 1 para. 3 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/788, reg. 2(b)

[^key-bcac568a0a9df36957dd7e32600f28c6]: Words in s. 85(1) inserted (11.5.2023) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(1)(f), Sch. para. 11(2)(e)

[^key-bd06b3b297e9c00db3cbf361ea4abb7a]: Sch. 11 para. 18 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(s) (with transitional and savings provisions in S.I. 2018/245, regs. 2, 3, 5)

[^key-be0f675d21ae241f4cb4a6a5e7f4d796]: Sch. 12 para. 17 in force at 31.10.2018 by S.I. 2018/1054, reg. 2(d)(vii)

[^key-bf4570536a088c91651c5588b11d2539]: S. 65 in force at 1.1.2018 for specified purposes by S.I. 2017/1146, reg. 3(8)(b)

[^key-bf84bce521be62ef9ad6d5b0e8be2744]: S. 54 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(f)

[^key-c0746ba8d84d2487cada8687a43d1ec9]: S. 63 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/1146, reg. 2(h)

[^key-c081aaedc98fb56a7e4f1c7b15e9926e]: Sch. 6 para. 8 in force at 1.1.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 2(f)

[^key-c14fb5ddc3b79e4b3a08176f67f311fe]: S. 96 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(a)

[^key-c2ea339505dea20a66caeba38306bb70]: Sch. 11 para. 29(2)(3) in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(p)

[^key-c49cb3770230e0d25006e106c10f5d0a]: Word in Sch. 1 para. 2(1)(c) omitted (14.8.2023) by virtue of Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(3), Sch. para. 12(2)(a); S.I. 2023/809, reg. 2(d)

[^key-c63df7c9c7e6bafe06629f996187349a]: S. 75(8)(ba) inserted (11.7.2023) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(2), Sch. para. 9(5)(b)

[^key-c770351361c039dcd16fe77116cd86a6]: S. 75 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/1146, reg. 2(j)

[^key-c791d71b4ee9dddc672f15b9e59c9966]: S. 13(1)(b)-(f)(4)(5) in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(a)

[^key-c83c8e97e7f6a383493f9c978c36f57a]: Sch. 11 para. 29(1)(4) in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(s)

[^key-c88c6624d50263a482622fed98680e71]: S. 4 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(a)

[^key-c9065d84a9de54aecc6675f68292abde]: S. 42(2)(4)-(13) in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(e)

[^key-c91134404392ac38c2c9bf82e5e3a7cd]: Sch. 4 para. 11 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(q)

[^key-ca544c644b6ccd2888cd1f17503e2746]: Sch. 9 para. 7 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(d)

[^key-cab8bd989547e0d1564c1d1915a9fe8e]: S. 15 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(a)

[^key-cb27fb2f28350ef58cc6b801ea704076]: Sch. 11 para. 21 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(s) (with transitional and savings provisions in S.I. 2018/245, regs. 2, 3, 8)

[^key-cb356fe3ec4e2d811422af87b6612cc1]: Sch. 3 para. 2 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(m)

[^key-cb6ac88612762469e5249b5c144a089f]: S. 98 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(a)

[^key-cce8621af5a6c4cbcefb3550efa6c816]: Sch. 11 para. 7 omitted (1.8.2024) by virtue of Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (asc 1), s. 148(2), Sch. 4 para. 38(2) (with s. 19); S.I. 2024/806, art. 3(c)(vii) (with art. 28)

[^key-cdb3c840b32b13806cedb7b5f01c31b2]: S. 11 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(a)

[^key-cdfc0df0d83f503bc7e3c110740f3d72]: S. 49 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(e)

[^key-ce36604e759bc3b0937372be4ca4db53]: S. 3(7) in force at 1.1.2018 for specified purposes by S.I. 2017/1146, reg. 3(3)

[^key-cee149d0cf15714fd2b2ad5086f50e60]: Sch. 11 para. 4 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(s)

[^key-cf4137cd1d42004ad1f1113a7b94d3c4]: Sch. 4 para. 1 modified (temp.) (1.1.2018) by The Higher Education and Research Act 2017 (Transitory Provisions) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/1145), regs. 1(2), 3

[^key-cf8c5ea951e56755192fd01ee8840bda]: Sch. 11 para. 30 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(s) (with transitional and savings provisions in S.I. 2018/245, regs. 2, 3, 13-16)

[^key-d0299126e8ff689866d78db909747fac]: Sch. 8 para. 5 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(o)

[^key-d0c4743bdde981a3ed1ac02e43b34816]: S. 122(1) in force at 1.8.2019 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(l)

[^key-d1087b3c5f48049c1fa6e1b5c556ae53]: S. 18 in force at 1.8.2019 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(b)

[^key-d1a8d017ef43edc1f75793214d422a29]: Sch. 7 para. 2 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(n)

[^key-d2390f8e88f82fb8a64a08fa1c5c02a4]: Words in Sch. 2 para. 3(3) omitted (28.6.2022) by virtue of Skills and Post-16 Education Act 2022 (c. 21), ss. 34, 36(2)

[^key-d2ba188a64edaed4730cab63dcda1845]: Sch. 1 para. 11 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/788, reg. 2(b)

[^key-d308b34be0bbdf1df3020552e1a45b06]: S. 37 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(d)

[^key-d36d7a236441cb1602dd486735dd437b]: Sch. 9 para. 22 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(d)

[^key-d3c8533d189d87093d6790287529e7c2]: Sch. 12 para. 16(5)(6) in force at 31.10.2018 by S.I. 2018/1054, reg. 2(d)(vi)

[^key-d46a7d1969ae9c1614296769eedbc21a]: Sch. 1 para. 15 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/788, reg. 2(b)

[^key-d4a291d4365990e2415111de9e1e3d40]: S. 39 in force at 1.1.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 2(a)

[^key-d543dae84d5cd9a6f69472c2ef2b10a8]: Sch. 12 para. 11 in force at 30.3.2020 for specified purposes by S.I. 2020/321, reg. 2(d)(iv)

[^key-d6d3623353d2043e872dd076fbc01909]: S. 14 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(a)

[^key-d782e7996bddc99ff41b15d865da8b3b]: S. 23(4)-(9) inserted (28.6.2022) by Skills and Post-16 Education Act 2022 (c. 21), ss. 18, 36(2)

[^key-d8de258d7d3b8993c2c3ddb5ae1e0e0e]: Sch. 1 para. 20 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/788, reg. 2(b)

[^key-da0df5b1eb4d085e1a865448821ada43]: Sch. 11 para. 3 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(s)

[^key-da21dc9c65c48a3e20a3d7360b2e779e]: Sch. 1 para. 7 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/788, reg. 2(b)

[^key-da7d024b7057fd6af5c1aad6056070c2]: Words in Sch. 1 para. 13(4) substituted (14.8.2023) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(3), Sch. para. 12(5); S.I. 2023/809, reg. 2(d)

[^key-da80b2053886d972fcc41f627409c6fa]: S. 122(2) in force at 30.3.2020 for specified purposes by S.I. 2020/321, reg. 2(c)

[^key-daa2b78d7e0d82b840c01a16bd2a6e61]: Sch. 1 para. 10 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/788, reg. 2(b)

[^key-daf414d0a301bb2715d258f992f43dc0]: Sch. 1 para. 4 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/788, reg. 2(b)

[^key-dcbcf68e0912950dce40ba695f3661db]: Sch. 11 para. 28 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(s)

[^key-dd0ca049fb3e444156a8ccc7c7a2d3dc]: S. 89(1)(2)(a)-(g)(i)(j) in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(l)

[^key-dd9f4cb91ccb1fa28879ef6da78cbf8e]: Sch. 6 para. 1 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/1146, reg. 2(q)(i)

[^key-de3888b1184a8a62eccd2692dbf58cc2]: Sch. 9 para. 6 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(d)

[^key-df97cc3c6b3f3f7c3b3813dddbf4ba49]: S. 51 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(f)

[^key-dfa4dc78d2addd5dbb1bbb5521ff997f]: Sch. 9 para. 12 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(d)

[^key-e0a27832e0cc9fd4ad8f86a5d62e13fd]: S. 68 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(g)

[^key-e0b67d2d47f352ac8ed54d1ca426dd24]: Words in s. 85(1) inserted (11.5.2023) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(1)(f), Sch. para. 11(2)(a)

[^key-e1543db6f14c47c5b796c35240fdd827]: S. 45(2)-(6)(8)-(13) in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(e)

[^key-e1d1c155ee4a126a5fafc62af5ddb9f1]: Sch. 12 para. 22 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(t)

[^key-e2f7ddd0ae26d28c3cdf0ce67fde2950]: Sch. 9 para. 4 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(d)

[^key-e3c07915b98b6659b3b94848c0a79bb5]: Sch. 12 para. 5 in force at 31.10.2018 for specified purposes by S.I. 2018/1054, reg. 2(d)(iii)

[^key-e3c8a96a912c672e43dec9f916f38c9d]: Words in s. 63(6) substituted (25.5.2018) by Data Protection Act 2018 (c. 12), s. 212(1), Sch. 19 para. 213(2) (with ss. 117, 209, 210); S.I. 2018/625, reg. 2(1)(g)

[^key-e3d4d04755a30f4da4fa1b12cb0f5c51]: S. 10 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(a)

[^key-e3f94e12a09308689fe82bf7d67d7d8c]: Word in s. 75(8)(b) omitted (11.7.2023) by virtue of Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(2), Sch. para. 9(5)(a)

[^key-e43ddf1346ae4a00ec2c3fd62f68dece]: Sch. 1 para. 6 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/788, reg. 2(b)

[^key-e551fccb5ec548f00dc546a633d31603]: Sch. 11 para. 8 omitted (1.8.2024) by virtue of Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (asc 1), s. 148(2), Sch. 4 para. 38(2) (with s. 19); S.I. 2024/806, art. 3(c)(vii) (with art. 28)

[^key-e6309698b96ac5c3403102d48be84426]: Sch. 9 para. 20 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(d)

[^key-e6c917333bed950354504bdbc39ff829]: S. 17 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(b)

[^key-e7f1cbfb228706e177a14c7d276ea9df]: Sch. 11 para. 18 omitted (1.8.2024 to the extent it omits Sch. 11 para. 18(2)(3)(5)-(7)) by virtue of Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (asc 1), s. 148(2), Sch. 4 para. 38(2) (with s. 19); S.I. 2024/806, art. 3(c)(vii) (with art. 28)

[^key-e8ca0c7ce1599725d453dbf29869c8f5]: Sch. 7 para. 1 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(n)

[^key-e8f96183b89ee2adca927205f5a52134]: S. 69B inserted (11.5.2023 for specified purposes) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), ss. 7(1), 13(1)(a)(3)

[^key-ea6adfe162a7fdee92ef76fcb6ef41ca]: Sch. 9 para. 14 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(d)

[^key-ec45da8927407f2ddda776e579d63977]: Sch. 12 para. 12 in force at 31.10.2018 for specified purposes by S.I. 2018/1054, reg. 2(d)(v)

[^key-ece97582ed27679e4283ab29c84972b6]: Sch. 11 para. 32 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(s)

[^key-eed9d2b7e1d52855ad07140dbd1527b9]: Sch. 9 para. 5 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(d)

[^key-ef2a3abf79f7c4929092ed54636debaf]: Sch. 9 para. 13 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(d)

[^key-ef6514b068ecfec5bc9f78c9aa6e83df]: Sch. 8 para. 2 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(o)

[^key-efdc3a8f201997037c0532aa697909b0]: S. 101 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(a)

[^key-f0787abfde5a49ef244604b1d76a11f6]: Sch. 8 para. 10 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(o)

[^key-f15756216e5b7798d86be6bbbec44288]: S. 77 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/1146, reg. 2(k)

[^key-f1769de359ce4670efc55eb786954574]: Sch. 8 para. 18 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(o)

[^key-f25d6e7e93517612a9c53cfcbdca2e17]: Sch. 8 para. 24 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(o)

[^key-f31958421724c142b86465c77e78bbf5]: Sch. 8 para. 4 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(o)

[^key-f3c35dfb156718d61e6e98ded4b06aca]: Sch. 9 para. 8 in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(d)

[^key-f40055d40186f87c0549f57928febe93]: S. 89(2)(h)(ii)(4) in force at 1.4.2018 for W. by S.I. 2018/415, reg. 2(b)

[^key-f4d54a08055312bfdf1512b38b2dca09]: S. 109(3)(4) in force at 30.3.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 3(b)

[^key-f5738c8411c0257984096133692fcc06]: Sch. 12 para. 11 in force at 31.10.2018 for specified purposes by S.I. 2018/1054, reg. 2(d)(iv)

[^key-f58433db02ffd31f6c021e16470e96a6]: Sch. 1 para. 19 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/788, reg. 2(b)

[^key-f5a96a707cc8c9beb68dfb7434f4a0a5]: Sch. 1 para. 2 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/788, reg. 2(b)

[^key-f69ead93b5ce185112336bfdaa50b24e]: Sch. 11 para. 15 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(s) (with transitional and savings provisions in S.I. 2018/245, regs. 2-4)

[^key-f73a5b7783be892e6617aa52a01a0d5d]: S. 3(8)(10) in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/1146, reg. 2(b)

[^key-f9bef82a0f976ff3972893b0792a9665]: Sch. 12 para. 27 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(t)

[^key-fa7be49e9f8cf7454d4e678cc294459e]: Sch. 2 para. 2 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(p)

[^key-fadc291300959761b22ed8acefd9d33a]: Sch. 3 para. 5 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(m)

[^key-fb334855eed32a91c9521fb5455c13cc]: Sch. 7 para. 4 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(n)

[^key-fb9a9e2fd4314937325f3dbe240108dc]: S. 90 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(k)

[^key-fc0b9a7ebec03804dbd0592bda2acad6]: S. 25 in force at 1.1.2018 by S.I. 2017/1146, reg. 2(c)

[^key-fccc8012480ce1dacfe9c3434dde8cb7]: Sch. 6 para. 4 modified (temp.) (1.1.2018) by The Higher Education and Research Act 2017 (Transitory Provisions) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/1145), regs. 1(2), 3

[^key-fd49c406e9d8bcef4ae06b88478d29d6]: Sch. 8 para. 26 in force at 1.8.2019 by S.I. 2018/1226, reg. 4(o)

[^key-fdf3a3975be9f978f079c53a989ecefc]: Sch. 2 para. 3 in force at 1.4.2018 by S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(p)

[^M_F_63e808e9-3818-45c7-a145-4ef95495f860]: S. 113(3)(c) substituted (1.8.2024) by The Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (Consequential Amendments) Order 2024 (S.I. 2024/433), arts. 1(3), 6; S.I. 2024/806, art. 2(b) (with art. 28)

[^key-533bb55b30788a9212ac7dbb0b6c79ab]: Pt. A1 inserted (1.8.2025) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), ss. 1, 13(3); S.I. 2025/528, reg. 2(a)

[^key-257463fb4bf4018539a4e9c352ecaefc]: Words in s. 36 heading substituted (1.8.2025) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(3), Sch. para. 4(2); S.I. 2025/528, reg. 2(f)(vi)

[^key-09246f8afee4be504a58564ca7d69b6a]: S. 69A and cross-heading inserted (1.8.2025) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), ss. 5(2), 13(3); S.I. 2025/528, reg. 2(d)

[^key-8bda631822805cb33c30e65002813dcf]: S. A4 and cross-heading inserted (1.8.2025) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), ss. 2, 13(3); S.I. 2025/528, reg. 2(b)

[^key-748b03e9e8d57c602018a59a4123e965]: Ss. A5, A6 and cross-heading inserted (1.8.2025 for specified purposes) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), ss. 3, 13(3); S.I. 2025/528, reg. 2(c)

[^key-e393a8009864c31385b511852b63801a]: S. 2(1)(aa)(ab) inserted (1.8.2025) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), ss. 5(1), 13(3); S.I. 2025/528, reg. 2(d)

[^key-d50c777b060775155f6b24fad2600788]: Words in s. 2(4) inserted (1.8.2025) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(3), Sch. para. 2(2); S.I. 2025/528, reg. 2(f)(iii)

[^key-c5427f32b56aaf9629869fa10e49eb8e]: Word in s. 2(8)(a) inserted (1.8.2025) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(3), Sch. para. 2(4)(a); S.I. 2025/528, reg. 2(f)(iv)

[^key-cc8250a553b82f5ad18aa5404351f839]: Word in s. 2(8)(b) omitted (1.8.2025) by virtue of Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(3), Sch. para. 2(4)(b); S.I. 2025/528, reg. 2(f)(iv)

[^key-c9d0c78c4026cc1ce24825c2af3b6e0f]: S. 2(8)(c) omitted (1.8.2025) by virtue of Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(3), Sch. para. 2(4)(c); S.I. 2025/528, reg. 2(f)(iv)

[^key-20d63c77fb429c60bf76472b9a638ae8]: S. 14(7) omitted (1.8.2025) by virtue of Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(3), Sch. para. 3; S.I. 2025/528, reg. 2(f)(v)

[^key-474355736676644a9e9f079a9b5c01da]: Words in s. 36(1) substituted (1.8.2025) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(3), Sch. para. 4(3); S.I. 2025/528, reg. 2(f)(vi)

[^key-76d7aa4a12804c943dcad517c896bcbb]: Words in s. 36(2) substituted (1.8.2025) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(3), Sch. para. 4(4); S.I. 2025/528, reg. 2(f)(vi)

[^key-f24fb2bc53d2ca306d026a115a6c21d1]: Words in s. 74(3) inserted (1.8.2025) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(3), Sch. para. 8; S.I. 2025/528, reg. 2(f)(vii)

[^key-9817135468801e835dfc9a2bc5f101da]: Words in s. 77(2) inserted (1.8.2025) by Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 (c. 16), s. 13(3), Sch. para. 10; S.I. 2025/528, reg. 2(f)(viii)

[^key-d39ee3d348482b1af64a4ba7414bafe9]: Words in s. 113(3)(f) substituted (1.4.2026) by The Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (Consequential Amendments) Order 2026 (S.I. 2026/358), arts. 1(3), 4(2)

[^key-7e017574d3c1587f985d94e6477eb7ce]: Sch. 11 para. 22 omitted (1.4.2026) by virtue of Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (asc 1), s. 148(2), Sch. 4 para. 38(2) (with s. 19); W.S.I. 2026/62, art. 3(b)(iii)

[^key-0d7efa80df34d01e14ec129430e60a80]: Sch. 11 para. 24 omitted (1.4.2026) by virtue of Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (asc 1), s. 148(2), Sch. 4 para. 38(2) (with s. 19); W.S.I. 2026/62, art. 3(b)(iii)

The Office for Students

Unrecognised degrees

Unrecognised degrees: supplementary

Saving for right to grant degrees under the Ecclesiastical Licences Act 1533

Unauthorised use of “university” in title of institution etc

Revocation of authorisation to use “university” title

Publication

67A

• (1) The OfS may publish notices, decisions and reports given or made in the performance of its functions.

• (2) Subsection (1) does not affect any other power of the OfS to publish such a matter.

• (3) Publication under this section does not breach—

• (a) an obligation of confidence owed by the OfS, or

• (b) any other restriction on the publication or disclosure of information (however imposed).

• (4) But nothing in this section authorises the OfS to publish information where doing so contravenes the data protection legislation.

For this purpose “the data protection legislation” has the same meaning as in the Data Protection Act 2018 (see section 3 of that Act).

• (5) In deciding whether to publish a notice, decision or report under subsection (1), the OfS must, in particular, consider—

• (a) the interests of—

• (i) students on higher education courses provided by English higher education providers,

• (ii) people thinking about undertaking, or who have undertaken, such courses, and

• (iii) English higher education providers,

• (b) the need for excluding from publication, so far as practicable, any information which relates to the affairs of a particular body or individual, where publication of that information would or might, in the opinion of the OfS, seriously and prejudicially affect the interests of that body or individual, and

• (c) the public interest.

• (6) For the purposes of this section and sections 67B and 67C—

• (a) a reference to a decision includes a reference to the reasons for it, and

• (b) any decision made in the course of exercising, or for the purposes of enabling the OfS to exercise, any of the OfS’s functions (including making any other decision) is made “in the performance of its functions”.

67B

• (1) This section applies where under section 67A(1) the OfS publishes a decision to conduct an investigation.

• (2) If the publication identifies a higher education provider or other body or individual whose activities are being, or to be, investigated, and—

• (a) the OfS terminates the investigation without making any finding, or

• (b) the findings of the investigation, so far as they relate to the higher education provider, body or individual, do not result in the OfS taking any further action,

the OfS must publish a notice stating that fact.

• (3) Section 67C does not apply to the publication of the decision to conduct the investigation to the extent that it includes information other than—

• (a) a statement of the OfS’s decision to conduct the investigation,

• (b) a summary of the matter being, or to be, investigated, and

• (c) a reference to the identity of any higher education provider or other body or individual whose activities are being, or to be, investigated.

• (4) See section 67A(6) for the meaning of references to decisions.

Defamation

67C

• (1) For the purposes of the law of defamation, publication by the OfS of any notice, decision or report given or made in the performance of its functions is privileged unless the publication is shown to have been made with malice.

This is subject to section 67B.

• (2) See section 67A(6) for the meaning of references to decisions.

Section 86: consequential amendments

Other amendments relating to financial support

Higher education corporations in England

Functions of the OfS in relation to students’ unions

69B

• (1) The OfS must monitor whether students’ unions to which sections A5 and A6 apply are complying with their duties under those sections.

• (2) The OfS may impose a monetary penalty on a students’ union if it appears to the OfS that it is failing or has failed to comply with any of its duties under those sections.

• (3) A “monetary penalty” is a requirement to pay the OfS a penalty of an amount determined by the OfS in accordance with regulations made by the Secretary of State.

• (4) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision about matters to which the OfS must, or must not, have regard in exercising its power under subsection (2).

• (5) Schedule 3 (monetary penalties: procedure etc) applies in relation to the imposition of a penalty on a students’ union under subsection (2), but as if—

• (a) references to a registered higher education provider or the governing body of such a provider were references to the students’ union, and

• (b) references to section 15 were references to subsection (2).

• (6) The OfS must maintain a list of the students’ unions to which, according to the information held by the OfS, sections A5 and A6 apply.

• (7) The OfS must make the list maintained under subsection (6) publicly available by such means as it considers appropriate.

• (8) A students’ union to which sections A5 and A6 apply must provide the OfS, or a person nominated by the OfS, with such information for the purposes of the performance of the OfS’s functions under this section as the OfS may require it to provide.

• (9) If a students’ union fails to comply with a requirement under subsection (8) and does not satisfy the OfS that it is unable to provide the information, the OfS may enforce the duty to comply with the requirement in civil proceedings for an injunction.

69D

• (1) The OfS must monitor the overseas funding of registered higher education providers and their constituent institutions with a view to assessing the extent to which the funding presents a risk to the matters in subsection (2).

• (2) The matters are—

• (a) freedom of speech within the law, and

• (b) the academic freedom of academic staff of registered higher education providers and their constituent institutions,

in the provision of higher education by registered higher education providers and their constituent institutions.

• (3) The duty in subsection (1) includes a duty to consider, in a case where the OfS has found that a registered higher education provider or any constituent institution of a registered higher education provider is in breach of its duty under section A1, whether overseas funding was relevant to the breach.

• (4) The information which the governing body of a registered higher education provider may be required to provide under the condition under section 8(1)(b), in relation to the function of the OfS under subsection (1), is—

• (a) information as to relevant funding from a relevant overseas person, where the funding from that person exceeds the threshold in any period of 12 months specified by the OfS, and

• (b) if the OfS considers it appropriate in any circumstances, such other information as the OfS may reasonably require.

• (5) In this section “relevant funding” from a relevant overseas person, in relation to a registered higher education provider, means amounts which are received by the provider or a connected person—

• (a) by way of endowment, gift or donation from the relevant overseas person,

• (b) by way of research grant from the relevant overseas person,

• (c) pursuant to a research contract with the relevant overseas person, or

• (d) pursuant to an educational or commercial partnership with the relevant overseas person.

• (6) In subsection (5) “connected person”, in relation to a registered higher education provider, means—

• (a) the governing body of the provider,

• (b) a constituent institution of the provider, or

• (c) a member or member of staff of the provider or of a constituent institution, in their capacity as such.

• (7) For the purposes of subsection (5), treat receipt of anything that is not money as receipt of an amount equal to the value of the thing to the recipient at the time of receipt.

• (8) In this section “relevant overseas person” means—

• (a) the government of an overseas country, other than a prescribed country,

• (b) a body which is incorporated or registered in, or has its headquarters in, an overseas country other than a prescribed country, or

• (c) an individual who is a politically exposed person in relation to an overseas country other than a prescribed country.

• (9) In this section—

• “overseas country” means any country or territory outside the United Kingdom, but not including the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man and any British overseas territory;

• “politically exposed person” has the meaning given by regulation 35 of the Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/692);

• “prescribed country” means a country or territory specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State.

• (10) For the purposes of subsection (4)(a), “the threshold” means an amount specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State.

• (11) Regulations under subsection (10) may include provision—

• (a) as to how the amount specified is to be calculated;

• (b) to treat amounts received from a person other than a relevant overseas person as received from the relevant overseas person.

69E

• (1) The OfS must monitor the overseas funding of students’ unions at registered higher education providers that are eligible for financial support with a view to assessing the extent to which the funding presents a risk to the matter in subsection (2).

• (2) The matter is freedom of speech within the law for—

• (a) members of the students’ unions,

• (b) students of the providers,

• (c) staff of the students’ unions,

• (d) staff and members of the providers and of their constituent institutions, and

• (e) visiting speakers.

• (3) The duty in subsection (1) includes a duty to consider, in a case where the OfS has found that a students’ union is in breach of its duty under section A5, whether overseas funding was relevant to the breach.

• (4) For the purpose of the function of the OfS under subsection (1), a students’ union referred to in that subsection must provide to the OfS at such times, and in respect of such periods, as the OfS may reasonably request—

• (a) information as to any amounts received from a relevant overseas person, where the amounts exceed the threshold in any period of 12 months specified by the OfS, and

• (b) if the OfS considers it appropriate in any circumstances, such other information as the OfS may reasonably require.

• (5) If a students’ union fails to comply with its duty under subsection (4), the OfS may enforce the duty in civil proceedings for an injunction.

• (6) The following provisions of section 69D apply for the purposes of this section—

• (a) subsection (7) (things other than money);

• (b) subsections (8) and (9) (meaning of “relevant overseas person”);

• (c) subsections (10) and (11) (meaning of “threshold”).

PART A1 — Protection of Freedom of Speech

Duties of registered higher education providers

Duty to take steps to secure freedom of speech

A1

• (1) The governing body of a registered higher education provider must take the steps that, having particular regard to the importance of freedom of speech, are reasonably practicable for it to take in order to achieve the objective in subsection (2).

• (2) That objective is securing freedom of speech within the law for—

• (a) staff of the provider,

• (b) members of the provider,

• (c) students of the provider, and

• (d) visiting speakers.

• (3) The objective in subsection (2) includes securing that—

• (a) the use of any premises of the provider is not denied to any individual or body on grounds specified in subsection (4), and

• (b) the terms on which such premises are provided are not to any extent based on such grounds.

• (4) The grounds referred to in subsection (3)(a) and (b) are—

• (a) in relation to an individual, their ideas or opinions;

• (b) in relation to a body, its policy or objectives or the ideas or opinions of any of its members.

• (5) The objective in subsection (2), so far as relating to academic staff, includes securing their academic freedom.

• (6) In this Part, “academic freedom”, in relation to academic staff at a registered higher education provider, means their freedom within the law—

• (a) to question and test received wisdom, and

• (b) to put forward new ideas and controversial or unpopular opinions,

without placing themselves at risk of being adversely affected in any of the ways described in subsection (7).

• (7) Those ways are—

• (a) loss of their jobs or privileges at the provider;

• (b) the likelihood of their securing promotion or different jobs at the provider being reduced.

• (8) The governing body of a registered higher education provider must take the steps that, having particular regard to the importance of freedom of speech, are reasonably practicable for it to take in order to achieve the objective in subsection (9).