The Industrial Tribunals Extension of Jurisdiction (England and Wales) Order 1994

Made: 11th July 1994

Coming into force: 12th July 1994

Now, therefore, the Lord Chancellor, in exercise of the powers conferred on him by sections 131(1), (4A), (5) and (5A) and 154(3) of that Act[^f00002], and of all other powers enabling him in that behalf, hereby makes the following Order:—

Citation, commencement and interpretation

1

• (1) This Order may be cited as the Employment Tribunals Extension of Jurisdiction (England and Wales) Order 1994 and comes into force on the first day after it is made.

• (2) In this Order—

• “contract claim” means a claim in respect of which proceedings may be brought before an employment tribunal by virtue of article 3 or 4; and

• “the 1978 Act” means the Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978.

Transitional provision

2

This Order does not enable proceedings in respect of a contract claim to be brought before an employment tribunal unless—

• (a) the effective date of termination (as defined in section 55(4) of the 1978 Act) in respect of the contract giving rise to the claim, or

• (b) where there is no effective date of termination, the last day upon which the employee works in the employment which has terminated,

occurs on or after the day on which the Order comes into force.

Extension of jurisdiction

3

Proceedings may be brought before an employment tribunal in respect of a claim of an employee for the recovery of damages or any other sum (other than a claim for damages, or for a sum due, in respect of personal injuries) if—

• (a) the claim is one to which section 131(2) of the 1978 Act applies and which a court in England and Wales would under the law for the time being in force have jurisdiction to hear and determine;

• (b) the claim is not one to which article 5 applies; and

• (c) the claim arises or is outstanding on the termination of the employee’s employment.

4

Proceedings may be brought before an employment tribunal in respect of a claim of an employer for the recovery of damages or any other sum (other than a claim for damages, or for a sum due, in respect of personal injuries) if—

• (a) the claim is one to which section 131(2) of the 1978 Act applies and which a court in England and Wales would under the law for the time being in force have jurisdiction to hear and determine;

• (b) the claim is not one to which article 5 applies;

• (c) the claim arises or is outstanding on the termination of the employment of the employee against whom it is made; and

• (d) proceedings in respect of a claim of that employee have been brought before an employment tribunal by virtue of this Order.

5

This article applies to a claim for breach of a contractual term of any of the following descriptions—

• (a) a term requiring the employer to provide living accommodation for the employee;

• (b) a term imposing an obligation on the employer or the employee in connection with the provision of living accommodation;

• (c) a term relating to intellectual property;

• (d) a term imposing an obligation of confidence;

• (e) a term which is a covenant in restraint of trade.

Manner in which proceedings may be brought

6

Proceedings on a contract claim may be brought before an employment tribunal by presenting a complaint to an employment tribunal.

Time within which proceedings may be brought

7

Subject to article 8B, an employment tribunal shall not entertain a complaint in respect of an employee’s contract claim unless it is presented—

• (a) within the period of three months beginning with the effective date of termination of the contract giving rise to the claim, or

• (b) where there is no effective date of termination, within the period of three months beginning with the last day upon which the employee worked in the employment which has terminated, or

• (ba) where the period within which a complaint must be presented in accordance with paragraph (a) or (b) is extended by regulation 15 of the Employment Act 2002 (Dispute Resolution) Regulations 2004, the period within which the complaint must be presented shall be the extended period rather than the period in paragraph (a) or (b).

• (c) where the tribunal is satisfied that it was not reasonably practicable for the complaint to be presented within whichever of those periods is applicable, within such further period as the tribunal considers reasonable.

8

Subject to article 8B, an employment tribunal shall not entertain a complaint in respect of an employer’s contract claim unless—

• (a) it is presented at a time when there is before the tribunal a complaint in respect of a contract claim of a particular employee which has not been settled or withdrawn;

• (b) it arises out of a contract with that employee; and

• (c) it is presented—

• (i) within the period of six weeks beginning with the day, or if more than one the last of the days, on which the employer (or other person who is the respondent party to the employee’s contract claim) received from the tribunal a copy of an originating application in respect of a contract claim of that employee; or

• (ii) where the tribunal is satisfied that it was not reasonably practicable for the complaint to be presented within that period, within such further period as the tribunal considers reasonable.

Death and bankruptcy

9

• (1) Where proceedings in respect of a contract claim have been brought before an employment tribunal and an employee or employer party to them dies before their conclusion, the proceedings shall not abate by reason of the death and the tribunal may, if it thinks it necessary in order to ensure that all matters in dispute may be effectually and completely determined and adjudicated upon, order the personal representatives of the deceased party, or other persons whom the tribunal considers appropriate, to be made parties and the proceedings to be carried on as if they had been substituted for the deceased party.

• (2) Where proceedings in respect of a contract claim have been brought before an employment tribunal and the employee or employer who is the applicant party to them becomes bankrupt before their conclusion, the proceedings shall not abate by reason of the bankruptcy and the tribunal may, if it thinks it necessary in order to ensure that all matters in dispute may be effectually and completely adjudicated upon, order the person in whom the interest of the bankrupt party has vested to be made a party and the proceedings to be carried on as if he had been substituted for the bankrupt party.

Limit on payment to be ordered

10

An employment tribunal shall not in proceedings in respect of a contract claim, or in respect of a number of contract claims relating to the same contract, order the payment of an amount exceeding £25,000.

Signed

Mackay of Clashfern, C.

Explanatory note

(This note is not part of the Order)

This Order, which applies in relation to England and Wales and comes into force on the day after it is made, enables an employee to bring a claim for damages for breach of his contract of employment, or for a sum due under that contract, before an industrial tribunal if the claim arises or is outstanding on the termination of his employment. The Order also enables an employer to make such a claim against an employee where the employee has claimed against him under the Order.

Article 5 contains certain exclusions. Broadly, these relate to claims about the provision of living accommodation, intellectual property (for example, copyright), obligations of confidence on the employee and covenants in restraint of trade.

Articles 7 and 8 provide that an employee’s complaint about a contractual claim must normally be presented within a period of three months beginning with the “effective date of termination” as defined in section 55(4) of the Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978, and that an employer’s complaint about a contractual claim must be presented within six weeks of receiving a copy of an originating application relating to the employee’s complaint. The tribunal is given a discretion to allow a complaint to be presented later if it was not reasonably practicable for the complaint to be presented within these periods.

Article 10 provides that the maximum which a tribunal may order to be paid in respect of a contract claim, or a number of claims relating to the same contract, is £25,000.

The Order contains a transitional provision.

Footnotes

[^f00001]: 1978 c. 44; section 131 was amended by section 38 of the Trade Union Reform and Employment Rights Act 1993 (c. 19).

[^f00002]: By virtue of section 131(1), the power to make this Order is vested in “the appropriate Minister” which expression is defined in section 131(7) to mean, as respects a claim in respect of which an action could be heard and determined in England and Wales, the Lord Chancellor.

Editorial notes

[^key-21708301bbdfe19eb5156072727925d2]: Art. 6 in force at 12.7.1994, see art. 1(1)

[^key-4a7dfe0d1c34044ec8c38dee58e29c0b]: Art. 4 in force at 12.7.1994, see art. 1(1)

[^key-54120195c61673025a9d7d972b6ffc46]: Art. 8 in force at 12.7.1994, see art. 1(1)

[^key-6874305372daaca8d94fffda022c479e]: Art. 5 in force at 12.7.1994, see art. 1(1)

[^key-8b85d8d25c539c365f89cb3c505872e5]: Art. 1 in force at 12.7.1994, see art. 1(1)

[^key-c612c4e1ad60cec9712ead7e0503f8bf]: Art. 9 in force at 12.7.1994, see art. 1(1)

[^key-d56e8850e0fe196b8a783e3132063d84]: Art. 3 in force at 12.7.1994, see art. 1(1)

[^key-d794410a0559a754be1bdb49d4644aa1]: Art. 2 in force at 12.7.1994, see art. 1(1)

[^key-d92b46771ad4e2cd7c05af0c08638990]: Art. 7(ba) inserted (1.10.2004) by The Employment Act 2002 (Dispute Resolution) Regulations 2004 (S.I. 2004/752), regs. 1, 17(c) (with reg. 18)

[^key-dfe2f483b29b37c31202fb842154c83a]: Art. 7 in force at 12.7.1994, see art. 1(1)

[^key-e76d217b55ff839a880b0bdc8a245602]: Art. 10 in force at 12.7.1994, see art. 1(1)

[^M_F_2c74648b-f9ae-4aac-f0c9-393f56331f63]: Words in Order substituted (1.8.1998) by Employment Rights (Dispute Resolution) Act 1998 (c. 8), ss. 1(2)(a), 17(1); S.I. 1998/1658, art. 2(1), Sch. 1

[^M_F_7a2932aa-54a0-4658-8f5a-d17d83a28fb0]: Words in Order substituted (1.8.1998) by Employment Rights (Dispute Resolution) Act 1998 (c. 8), ss. 1(2)(b), 17(1); S.I. 1998/1658, art. 2(1), Sch. 1

[^key-8eafa2a6451ad16a6b08852b7a3ea5dd]: Words in art. 7 substituted (20.5.2011) by The Cross-Border Mediation (EU Directive) Regulations 2011 (S.I. 2011/1133), regs. 2, 60 (with regs. 3, 4)

[^M_F_627a20f1-77a5-411a-a921-6f3ccb502fa4]: Words in art. 8 substituted (20.5.2011) by The Cross-Border Mediation (EU Directive) Regulations 2011 (S.I. 2011/1133), regs. 2, 61 (with regs. 3, 4)

[^key-33a6ead2a569540d3df51e16c020cd93]: Art. 8B inserted (6.4.2014) by The Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (Application of Conciliation Provisions) Order 2014 (S.I. 2014/431), art. 1, Sch. para. 12

[^key-93c0267911b0eb0fed4445a7b3115fbd]: Words in art. 7 substituted (6.4.2014) by The Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (Application of Conciliation Provisions) Order 2014 (S.I. 2014/431), art. 1, Sch. para. 11

[^M_F_c7d54388-784d-4771-a48d-e93189a3c403]: Words in art. 8 substituted (6.4.2014) by The Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (Application of Conciliation Provisions) Order 2014 (S.I. 2014/431), art. 1, Sch. para. 11

[^key-9ec0b7d5c2c469c85d1997c4f954a13e]: Word in art. 7 substituted (31.12.2020) by The Cross-Border Mediation (EU Directive) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/469), reg. 1(1), Sch. 1 para. 18(2) (with reg. 5) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1493, regs. 1(1), 4(5)(6)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

[^M_F_a8a33114-4e1a-48f8-dd18-7b853bf3462d]: Word in art. 8 substituted (31.12.2020) by The Cross-Border Mediation (EU Directive) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/469), reg. 1(1), Sch. 1 para. 18(3) (with reg. 5) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1493, regs. 1(1), 4(5)(6)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)