The Air Navigation (Overseas Territories) Order 2013

• (2) Notwithstanding any air traffic control clearance it remains the duty of the pilot-in-command of a flying machine to take all possible measures to ensure that the flying machine does not collide with any other aircraft or vehicle.

• (3) Flying machines and vehicles must give way to aircraft which are taking off or landing.

• (4) Vehicles and flying machines which are not taking off or landing must give way to vehicles towing aircraft.

• (5) Vehicles which are not towing aircraft must give way to aircraft.

Action to be taken in case of danger of collision on the ground

43

• (1) Subject to rules 42 and 14(3), this rule applies if there is any danger of collision between two flying machines on the ground.

• (2) If the two flying machines are approaching head-on, or approximately so, each must alter its course to the right.

• (3) If the two flying machines are on converging courses, the flying machine which has the other flying machine on its right must give way to that other flying machine and must avoid crossing ahead of it unless passing well clear of it.

• (4) A flying machine which is being overtaken by another flying machine has the right-of-way over the flying machine overtaking it.

• (5) A flying machine which is overtaking another flying machine must keep out of the way of the other flying machine by altering its course to the left until that other flying machine has been passed and is clear, notwithstanding any change in the relative positions of the two flying machines.

• (6) A vehicle must—

• (a) overtake another vehicle on the right hand side of that vehicle ; and

• (b) keep to the left when passing another vehicle which is approaching head-on or approximately so.

Launching, picking up and dropping of tow ropes, etc.

44

• (1) Tow ropes, banners or similar articles towed by aircraft must not be launched at an aerodrome except in accordance with arrangements made with—

• (a) the air traffic control unit at the aerodrome; or

• (b) if there is no such unit, the person in charge of the aerodrome.

• (2) Tow ropes, banners or similar articles towed by aircraft must not be picked up by or dropped from aircraft at an aerodrome except—

• (a) in accordance with arrangements made with the air traffic control unit at the aerodrome or, if there is no such unit, with the person in charge of the aerodrome; or

• (b) in the area designated by the marking described in rule 59(9), but only when the aircraft is flying in the direction appropriate for landing.

Flights within aerodrome traffic zones

45

• (1) Paragraphs (2) and (3) apply only in relation to those aerodromes described in Column 1 of Table 3 as are notified for the purposes of this rule and at such times as are specified in Column 2 of the Table.

Column 1	Column 2
(a) A military aerodrome	At such times as are notified
(b) An aerodrome having an air traffic control unit or flight information service unit	During the notified hours of watch of the air traffic control unit or the flight information service unit
(c) A certificated aerodrome having a means of two-way radio communication with aircraft	During the notified hours of watch of the air/ground station

• (2) An aircraft must not fly, take off or land within the aerodrome traffic zone of an aerodrome unless the pilot-in-command of the aircraft has complied with paragraphs (3), (4) or (5), as appropriate.

• (3) If the aerodrome has an air traffic control unit, the pilot-in-command must obtain the permission of the air traffic control unit to enable the flight to be conducted safely within the zone.

• (4) If the aerodrome has a flight information service unit, the pilot-in-command must obtain information from the flight information service unit to enable the flight to be conducted safely within the zone.

• (5) If there is no flight information service unit at the aerodrome, the pilot-in-command must obtain information from the air/ground communication service to enable the flight to be conducted safely within the zone.

• (6) The pilot-in-command of an aircraft flying within the aerodrome traffic zone of an aerodrome must—

• (a) cause a continuous watch to be maintained on the appropriate radio frequency notified for communications at the aerodrome; or

• (b) if this is not possible, cause a watch to be kept for such instructions as may be issued by visual means; and

• (c) if the aircraft is fitted with means of communication by radio with the ground, communicate his position and height to the air traffic control unit, the flight information service unit or the air/ground communication service at the aerodrome (as the case may be) on entering the zone and immediately prior to leaving it.

SECTION 8 — LIGHTS AND OTHER SIGNALS TO BE SHOWN OR MADE BY AIRCRAFT

General

46

• (1) For the purposes of this Section of the Rules the horizontal plane of a light shown by an aircraft means the plane which would be the horizontal plane passing through the source of that light if the aircraft were in level flight.

• (2) If it is necessary to fit more than one lamp in order to show a light required by this Section because of the physical construction of an aircraft, the lamps must be so fitted and constructed that, so far as is reasonably practicable, not more than one such lamp is visible from any one point outside the aircraft.

• (3) If a light is required by this Section to show through specified angles in the horizontal plane, the lamps giving such light must be so constructed and fitted that the light is visible—

• (a) from any point in any vertical plane within those angles throughout angles of 90° above and below the horizontal plane; but

• (b) so far as is reasonably practicable, through no greater angle, either in the horizontal plane or the vertical plane.

• (4) If a light is required by this Section to show in all directions, the lamps giving such light must be so constructed and fitted that, so far as is reasonably practicable, the light is visible from any point in the horizontal plane and on any vertical plane passing through the source of that light.

• (5) Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section the pilot-in-command of an aircraft may switch off or reduce the intensity of any flashing light fitted to the aircraft if such a light does or is likely to—

• (a) adversely affect the performance of the duties of any member of the flight crew; or

• (b) subject an outside observer to unreasonable dazzle.

Display of lights by aircraft

47

• (1) During the night an aircraft must—

• (a) display such of the lights specified in this Section as it is required by this Section; and

• (b) subject to rule 49(6), not display any other lights which might obscure or otherwise impair the visibility of, or be mistaken for, such lights.

• (2) Subject to rule 48(4) an aircraft fitted with an anti-collision light must display that light in flight during the day.

• (3) A flying machine on a Territory aerodrome must—

• (a) during the night display either the lights which it would be required to display when flying or the lights specified in rule 49(5)(c), unless it is stationary on the apron or on that part of the aerodrome provided for the maintenance of aircraft; and

• (b) during the day and night and subject to paragraph (4), display a red anti-collision light, if it is fitted with one, when it is stationary on the apron with engines running.

• (4) A helicopter to which article 96 applies may, when stationary on an offshore installation, switch off the anti-collision light required to be shown by paragraph (3)(b) as long as that is done in accordance with a procedure contained in the operations manual of the helicopter as a signal to ground personnel that it is safe to approach the helicopter for the purpose of embarkation or disembarkation of passengers or the loading or unloading of cargo.

Failure of navigation and anti-collision lights

48

• (1) Paragraphs (2), (3) and (4) apply to aircraft in the Territory.

• (2) An aircraft must not depart from an aerodrome if there is a failure of any light which these Rules require to be displayed at night and the light cannot be immediately repaired or replaced.

• (3) Subject to paragraph (4), if the aircraft is in flight and any such light as is referred to in paragraph (2) fails and cannot be immediately repaired or replaced, the aircraft must land as soon as it can safely do so, unless authorised by the appropriate air traffic control unit to continue its flight.

• (4) An aircraft may continue to fly during the day in the event of a failure of an anti-collision light on the flight as long as the light is repaired at the earliest practicable opportunity.

Flying machines at night

49

• (1) Subject to paragraph (6), a flying machine flying at night must display lights in accordance with paragraphs (2), (3) or (4), as appropriate.

• (2) In the case of—

• (a) a flying machine registered in the Territory which has a maximum total weight authorised of more than 5,700 kg; or

• (b) any other flying machine registered in the Territory which conforms to a type first issued with a type certificate on or after 1st April 1988,

the flying machine must display the system of lights specified in paragraph 5(b).

• (3) A flying machine registered in the Territory which—

• (a) conforms to a type first issued with a type certificate before 1st April 1988; and

• (b) has a maximum total weight authorised of 5,700 kg or less,

must display the system of lights specified in—

• (i) paragraph (5)(a); or

• (ii) paragraph (5)(b); or

• (iii) paragraph (5)(d), but excluding sub-paragraph (ii) of that paragraph.

• (4) In the case of any other flying machine, one of the systems of lights specified in paragraph (5) must be displayed.

• (5) The systems of lights referred to in paragraphs (2), (3) and (4) are as follows—

• (a) A steady green light of at least five candela showing to the starboard side through an angle of 110° from dead ahead in the horizontal plane; a steady red light of at least five candela showing to the port side through an angle of 110° from dead ahead in the horizontal plane; and a steady white light of at least three candela showing through angles of 70° from dead astern to each side in the horizontal plane;

• (b) the lights specified in sub-paragraph (a) and an anti-collision light;

• (c) the lights specified in sub-paragraph (a), but all being flashing lights (rather than steady lights) flashing together;

• (d) the lights specified in sub-paragraph (a), but all being flashing lights (rather than steady lights) flashing together in alternation with one or both of the following—

• (i) a flashing white light of at least 20 candela showing in all directions;

• (ii) a flashing red light of at least 20 candela showing through angles of 70° from dead astern to each side in the horizontal plane.

• (6) If the lamp showing either the red or the green light specified in paragraph (5)(a) is fitted more than 2 metres from the wing tip, another lamp may be fitted at the wing tip to indicate its position showing a steady light of the same colour through the same angle.

Gliders at night

50

A glider flying at night must display either a steady red light of at least five candela, showing in all directions, or lights in accordance with rule 49(5) and (6).

Free balloons at night

51

A free balloon flying at night must display a steady red light of at least five candela showing in all directions, suspended not less than 5 metres and not more than 10 metres below the basket, or if there is no basket, below the lowest part of the balloon.

Captive balloons and kites at night

52

• (1) A captive balloon or kite flying at night at a height exceeding 60 metres above the surface must display lights in accordance with paragraphs (2), (3) and (4).

• (2) A group of two steady lights must be displayed consisting of a white light placed 4 metres above a red light, both being of at least five candela and showing in all directions, the white light being placed not less than 5 metres nor more than 10 metres below the basket or, if there is no basket, below the lowest part of the balloon or kite.

• (3) On the mooring cable of the balloon or kite, at intervals of not more than 300 metres measured from the group of lights specified in paragraph (2), there must be displayed—

• (a) groups of two lights of the colour and power and in the relative positions specified in paragraph (2); and

• (b) if the lowest group of lights is obscured by cloud, an additional group of such lights below the cloud base.

• (4) On the surface of the ground there must be displayed a group of three flashing lights arranged—

• (a) in a horizontal plane at the apexes of a triangle, approximately equilateral, each side of which measures at least 25 metres;

• (b) so that one side of the triangle must be approximately at right angles to the horizontal projection of the cable and must be delimited by two red lights; and

• (c) so that the third light must be a green light, placed so that the triangle encloses the object on the surface to which the balloon or kite is moored.

Captive balloons and kites by day

53

• (1) A captive balloon flying by day at a height exceeding 60 metres above the surface must have attached to its mooring cable tubular streamers which are—

• (a) not less than 40 centimetres in diameter and 2 metres in length; and

• (b) marked with alternate bands of red and white 50 centimetres wide at intervals of not more than 200 metres measured from the basket or, if there is no basket, from the lowest part of the balloon.

• (2) A kite flying by day at a height exceeding 60 metres above the surface must have attached to its mooring cable either—

• (a) tubular streamers as specified in paragraph (1); or

• (b) at intervals of not more than 100 metres measured from the lowest part of the kite, streamers not less than 80 centimetres long and 30 centimetres wide at their widest point, marked with alternate bands of red and white 10 centimetres wide.

Airships at night

54

• (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), an airship flying at night must display the following lights—

• (a) a steady white light of at least five candela showing through angles of 110° from dead ahead to each side in the horizontal plane;

• (b) a steady green light of at least five candela showing to the starboard side through an angle of 110° from dead ahead in the horizontal plane;

• (c) a steady red light of at least five candela showing to the port side through an angle of 110° from dead ahead in the horizontal plane;

• (d) a steady white light of at least five candela showing through angles of 70° from dead astern to each side in the horizontal plane; and

• (e) an anti-collision light.

• (2) Subject to paragraph (5), an airship flying at night in any of the circumstances referred to in paragraph (3) must display the lights specified in paragraph (4).

• (3) The circumstances are as follows—

• (a) if the airship is not under command; or

• (b) has voluntarily stopped its engines, or

• (c) is being towed.

• (4) The lights specified are the following lights—

• (a) the white lights specified in paragraph (1)(a) and (d);

• (b) two steady, red lights, each of at least five candela, showing in all directions, suspended below the control car so that one is at least 4 metres above the other and at least 8 metres below the control car; and

• (c) if the airship is making way but not otherwise, the green and red lights specified in paragraph (1)(b) and (c).

• (5) An airship picking up its moorings at night must display the lights specified in paragraph (1).

• (6) An airship moored to a mooring mast within the Territory at night must display, at or near the rear of the airship, a steady, white light of at least five candela showing in all directions.

• (7) An airship moored otherwise than to a mooring mast within the Territory at night must display—

• (a) a white light of at least five candela showing through angles of 110° from dead ahead to each side in the horizontal plane; and

• (b) a white light of at least five candela showing through angles of 70° from dead astern to each side in the horizontal plane.

Airships by day

55

• (1) An airship flying during the day in any of the circumstances referred to in paragraph (2) must display two black balls suspended below the control car so that one is at least 4 metres above the other and at least 8 metres below the control car.

• (2) The circumstances are as follows—

• (a) if the airship is not under command;

• (b) if it has voluntarily stopped its engines; or

• (c) if it is being towed.

• (3) For the purposes of this rule and rule 54—

• (a) an airship is deemed not to be under command when it is unable to execute a manoeuvre which it may be required to execute by these Rules; and

• (b) an airship is deemed to be making way when it is not moored and is in motion.

Signals in the Signals Area

56

• (1) Whenever any signal specified in this rule is displayed it shall be placed in a signals area, which shall be a square visible from all directions bordered by a white strip 30 centimetres wide and with the internal sides measuring 12 metres.

• (2) A white landing T, as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

signifies that aeroplanes and gliders taking off or landing shall do so in a direction parallel with the shaft of the T and towards the cross arm, unless otherwise authorised by the appropriate air traffic control unit.

• (3) A white disc 60 centimetres in diameter displayed alongside the cross arm of the T and in line with the shaft of the T, as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

signifies that the direction of landing and take off do not necessarily coincide.

• (4) A white dumb-bell, as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

signifies that movements of aeroplanes and gliders on the ground shall be confined to paved, metalled or similar hard surfaces.

A white dumb-bell, as described in paragraph (4), but with a black strip 60 centimetres wide across each disc at right angles to the shaft of the dumb-bell, as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

signifies that aeroplanes and gliders taking off or landing shall do so on a runway but that movement on the ground is not confined to paved, metalled or similar hard surfaces.

• (5) A red and yellow striped arrow, as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

the shaft of which is one metre wide and which is placed along the whole or a total of 11 metres of two adjacent sides of the signals area, and pointing in a clockwise direction, signifies that a right-hand circuit is in force.

• (6) A red panel 3 metres square with a yellow strip along one diagonal 50 centimetres wide, as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

signifies that the state of the manoeuvring area is poor and pilots must exercise special care when landing.

• (7) A red panel 3 metres square with a yellow strip 50 centimetres wide along each diagonal, as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

signifies that the aerodrome is unsafe for the movement of aircraft and that landing on the aerodrome is prohibited.

• (8) A white letter H, as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

signifies that helicopters shall take off and land only within the area designated by the marking specified in rule 59(7).

• (9) A red letter L displayed on the dumb-bell specified in paragraphs (4) and (5), as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

signifies that light aircraft are permitted to take off and land either on a runway or on the area designated by the marking specified in rule 59(8).

• (10) A white double cross, as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

signifies that glider flying is in progress.

Markings for paved runways and taxiways

57

• (1) Two or more white crosses, as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

displayed on a runway or taxiway, with each arm of each cross at an angle of 45° to the centre line of the runway, at intervals of not more than 300 metres signify that the section of the runway or taxiway marked by them is unfit for the movement of aircraft.

• (2) Subject to paragraph (3), two yellow broken lines and two continuous lines, as illustrated

[image omitted]

in this paragraph, signify the designated visual holding position associated with a runway beyond which no part of a flying machine or vehicle shall project in the direction of the runway without permission from the air traffic control unit at the aerodrome during the notified hours of watch of that unit.

• (3) Outside the notified hours of watch of that unit or where there is no air traffic control unit at the aerodrome the markings referred to in paragraph (2) signify the position closest to the runway beyond which no part of a flying machine or vehicle shall project in the direction of the runway when the flying machine or vehicle is required by virtue of rule 42(3) to give way to aircraft which are taking off from or landing on that runway.

Subject to paragraph (5), a yellow marking, as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

signifies a holding position other than that closest to the runway beyond which no part of a flying machine or vehicle shall project in the direction of the runway without permission from the air traffic control unit at the aerodrome during the notified hours of watch of that unit.

• (4) Outside the notified hours of watch of that unit or where there is no air traffic control unit at the aerodrome the marking referred to in paragraph (4) may be disregarded.

• (5) Orange and white markers, as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

spaced no more than 15 metres apart, signify the boundary of that part of a paved runway, taxiway or apron which is unfit for the movement of aircraft.

Markings on unpaved manoeuvring areas

58

• (1) Markers with orange and white stripes of an equal width of 50 centimetres, with an orange stripe at each end, alternating with flags 60 centimetres square showing equal orange and white triangular areas, spaced not more than 90 metres apart as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

indicate the boundary of an area unfit for the movement of aircraft.

• (2) One or more white crosses, as specified in rule 58(1), also indicate such an area as is referred to in paragraph (1).

• (3) Striped markers, as specified in paragraph (1), spaced not more than 45 metres apart, indicate the boundary of an aerodrome.

• (4) On structures markers with orange and white vertical stripes, of an equal width of 50 centimetres, with an orange stripe at each end, spaced not more than 45 metres apart, as illustrated in this paragraph.

[image omitted]

indicate the boundary of an aerodrome.

• (5) The pattern of the marker referred to in paragraph (4) shall be visible from inside and outside the aerodrome and the marker shall be affixed not more than 15 centimetres from the top of the structure.

• (6) White, flat, rectangular markers 3 metres long and 1 metre wide, at intervals not exceeding 90 metres, flush with the surface of an unpaved runway or stopway, indicate the boundary of the unpaved runway or stopway.

• (7) A white letter H, as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

indicates an area which shall be used only for the taking off and landing of helicopters.

• (8) A white letter L, as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

indicates a part of the manoeuvring area which shall be used only for the taking off and landing of light aircraft.

• (9) A yellow cross with two arms each 6 metres long by 1 metre wide at right angles, indicates that tow ropes, banners and similar articles towed by aircraft shall only be picked up and dropped in the area in which the cross is placed.

• (10) A white double cross, as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

indicates an area which shall be used only for the taking off and landing of gliders.

• (11) Subject to paragraph (12) a white landing T, as specified in rule 57(2), placed at the left-hand side of the runway (when viewed from the direction of landing) indicates the runway to be used for take-off and landing.

• (12) The white landing T referred to in paragraph (11), when placed at an aerodrome with no runway, indicates the direction for take-off and landing.

Signals visible from the ground

59

• (1) A black ball, 60 centimetres in diameter, suspended from a mast signifies that the directions of take-off and landing are not necessarily the same.

• (2) A chequered flag or board, 1.2 metres by 90 centimetres, containing 12 equal squares, 4 horizontally and 3 vertically, coloured red and yellow alternately, signifies that aircraft may move on the manoeuvring area and apron only in accordance with the permission of the air traffic control unit at the aerodrome.

• (3) Two red balls, 60 centimetres in diameter, positioned vertically one above the other, 60 centimetres apart and suspended from a mast, signify that glider flying is in progress at the aerodrome.

• (4) Black, Arabic numerals in two-figure groups and, where parallel runways are provided, the letter or letters L (left), LC (left centre), C (centre), RC (right centre) and R (right), placed against a yellow background, indicate the direction for take-off or the runway in use.

• (5) A black letter C against a yellow background, as illustrated in this paragraph,

[image omitted]

indicates the position at which a pilot can report to the air traffic control unit or to the person in charge of the aerodrome.

• (6) A rectangular green flag of not less than 60 centimetres square and not more than 66 centimetres square, flown from a mast, indicates that a right-hand circuit is in force.

Lights and pyrotechnic signals for control of aerodrome traffic

60

Each signal described in column 1 of Table 4 shall have the meanings respectively appearing in columns 2, 3 and 4 of the Table in the circumstances specified in the second row of the Table.

Column 1	Column 2	Column 3	Column 4
Characteristic and colour of light beam or pyrotechnic	Directed from an aerodrome to an aircraft in flight	Directed from an aerodrome to an aircraft or vehicle on the aerodrome	Directed from an aircraft in flight to an aerodrome
(a) Continuous red light.	Give way to other aircraft and continue circling.	Stop.	—
(b) Red pyrotechnic light, or red flare.	Do not land; wait for permission.	—	Immediate assistance is required.
(c) Red flashes.	Do not land; aerodrome not available for landing.	Move clear of landing area.	—
(d) Green flashes.	Return to aerodrome; wait for permission to land.	To an aircraft: you may move on the manoeuvring area and apron. To a vehicle: you may move on the manoeuvring area.	—
(e) Continuous green light.	You may land.	You may take off (not applicable to a vehicle).	—
(f) Continuous green light, or green flashes, or green pyrotechnic light.	—	—	By night: May I land? By day: May I land from direction different from that indicated by landing T?
(g) White flashes.	Land at the aerodrome after receiving continuous green light, and then, after receiving green flashes, proceed to the apron.	Return to starting point on the aerodrome.	I am compelled to land.
(h) White pyrotechnic lights. Switching on and off the navigation lights. Switching on and off the landing lights.	—	—	I am compelled to land.

Marshalling signals (from a marshaller to an aircraft)

61

• (1) Each of the signals for the guidance of aircraft manoeuvring on or off the ground, described in column 1 of Table 5 and as illustrated in column 3, when given by a marshaller to an aircraft, shall have the meanings specified in column 2 of the Table.

• (2) By day any such signals shall be given by hand or by circular bats and by night shall be given by torches or by illuminated wands.

Column 1	Column 1	Column 2	Column 2	Column 3
Description of Signal	Description of Signal	Meaning of signal	Meaning of signal	Illustration of signal
1.Raise right hand above head level with wand pointing up; move left-hand wand pointing down toward body.	1.Raise right hand above head level with wand pointing up; move left-hand wand pointing down toward body.	Wingwalker/guide —This signal provides an indication by a person positioned at the aircraft wing tip, to the pilot/marshaller/ push-back operator, that the aircraft movement on/off a parking position would be unobstructed.	Wingwalker/guide —This signal provides an indication by a person positioned at the aircraft wing tip, to the pilot/marshaller/ push-back operator, that the aircraft movement on/off a parking position would be unobstructed.	[image omitted]
2.Raise fully extended arms straight above head with wands pointing up	2.Raise fully extended arms straight above head with wands pointing up	Identify gate	Identify gate	[image omitted]
3.Point both arms upward, move and extend arms outward to sides of body and point with wands to direction of next signalman or taxi area.	3.Point both arms upward, move and extend arms outward to sides of body and point with wands to direction of next signalman or taxi area.	Proceed to next signalman or as directed by tower/ground control	Proceed to next signalman or as directed by tower/ground control	[image omitted]
4.Bend extended arms at elbows and move wands up and down from chest height to head.	4.Bend extended arms at elbows and move wands up and down from chest height to head.	Straight ahead	Straight ahead	[image omitted]
5(a)With right arm and wand extended at a 90-degree angle to body, make “come ahead” signal with left hand. The rate of signal motion indicates to pilot the rate of aircraft turn.	5(a)With right arm and wand extended at a 90-degree angle to body, make “come ahead” signal with left hand. The rate of signal motion indicates to pilot the rate of aircraft turn.	Turn left (from pilot’s point of view)	Turn left (from pilot’s point of view)	[image omitted]
5(b)With left arm and wand extended at a 90-degree angle to body, make “come ahead” signal with right hand. The rate of signal motion indicates to pilot the rate of aircraft turn.	5(b)With left arm and wand extended at a 90-degree angle to body, make “come ahead” signal with right hand. The rate of signal motion indicates to pilot the rate of aircraft turn.	Turn right (from pilot’s point of view)	Turn right (from pilot’s point of view)	[image omitted]
6(a)Fully extend arms and wands at a 90-degree angle to sides and slowly move to above head until wands cross.	6(a)Fully extend arms and wands at a 90-degree angle to sides and slowly move to above head until wands cross.	Normal stop	Normal stop	[image omitted]
6(b)Abruptly extend arms and wands to top of head, crossing wands.	6(b)Abruptly extend arms and wands to top of head, crossing wands.	Emergency stop	Emergency stop	[image omitted]
7(a)Raise hand just above shoulder height with open palm. Ensuring eye contact with flight crew, close hand into a fist. Do not move until receipt of “thumbs up” acknowledgement from flight crew.	7(a)Raise hand just above shoulder height with open palm. Ensuring eye contact with flight crew, close hand into a fist. Do not move until receipt of “thumbs up” acknowledgement from flight crew.	Set brakes	Set brakes	[image omitted]
7(b)Raise hand just above shoulder height with hand closed in a fist. Ensuring eye contact with flight crew, open palm. Do not move until receipt of “thumbs up” acknowledgement from crew.	7(b)Raise hand just above shoulder height with hand closed in a fist. Ensuring eye contact with flight crew, open palm. Do not move until receipt of “thumbs up” acknowledgement from crew.	Release brakes	Release brakes	[image omitted]
8(a)With arms and wands fully extending above head, move wands inwards in a “jabbing” motion until wands touch. Ensure acknowledgement is received from flight crew.	8(a)With arms and wands fully extending above head, move wands inwards in a “jabbing” motion until wands touch. Ensure acknowledgement is received from flight crew.	Chocks inserted	Chocks inserted	[image omitted]
8(b)With arms and wands fully extended above head, move wands outward in “jabbing” motion. Do not remove chocks until authorised by crew.	8(b)With arms and wands fully extended above head, move wands outward in “jabbing” motion. Do not remove chocks until authorised by crew.	Chocks removed	Chocks removed	[image omitted]
9.Raise right arm to head level with wand pointing up and start a circular motion with hand; at the same time, with left arm raised above head level, point to engine to be started.	9.Raise right arm to head level with wand pointing up and start a circular motion with hand; at the same time, with left arm raised above head level, point to engine to be started.	Start engine(s)	Start engine(s)	[image omitted]
10.Extend arm with wand forward of body at shoulder level; move hand and want to top of left shoulder and draw wand to top of right shoulder in a slicing motion across throat.	Cut engine(s)	Cut engine(s)	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
11.Move extended arms downwards in a “patting” gesture, moving wands up and down from waist to knees.	Slow down	Slow down	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
12.With arms down and wands toward ground, wave either right or left wand up and down indicating engine(s) on left or right side respectively should be slowed down.	Slow down engine(s) on indicated side	Slow down engine(s) on indicated side	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
13.With arms in front of body at waist height, rotate arms in a forward motion. To stop rearward movement, use signal 6(a) or 6(b).	Move Back	Move Back	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
14(a)Point left arm with wand down and bring right arm from overhead vertical position to horizontal forward position, repeating right-arm movement.	Turns while backing (for tail to starboard)	Turns while backing (for tail to starboard)	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
14(b)Point right arm with wand down and bring left arm from overhead vertical position to horizontal position, repeating left-arm movement.	Turns while backing (for tail to port)	Turns while backing (for tail to port)	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
15.Raise right arm to head level with wand pointing up or display hand with “thumbs up”; left arm remains at side by knee.	Affirmative/all clear—This signal is also used as a technical/servicing communication signal.	Affirmative/all clear—This signal is also used as a technical/servicing communication signal.	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
16.Fully extend arms and wands at a 90-degree angle to sides.	Hover	Hover	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
17.Fully extend arms and wands at a 90-degree angle to sides and, with palms turned up, move hands upwards. Speed of movement indicates rate of ascent.	Move upwards	Move upwards	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
18.Fully extend arms and wands at a 90-degree angle to sides and, with palms turned down, move hands downwards. Speed of movement indicates rate of descent.	Move downwards	Move downwards	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
19(a)Extend arm horizontally at a 90-degree angle to right side of body. Move other arm in same direction in a sweeping motion.	Move horizontally left (from pilot’s point of view)	Move horizontally left (from pilot’s point of view)	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
19(b)Extend arm horizontally at a 90-degree angle to left side of body. Move other arm in same direction in a sweeping motion.	Move horizontally right (from pilot’s point of view)	Move horizontally right (from pilot’s point of view)	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
20.Cross arms with wands downwards and in front of body.	Land	Land	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
21.Move right-hand wand in a “fanning” motion from shoulder to knee, while at the same time pointing with left-hand wand to area of fire.	Fire	Fire	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
22.Fully extend arms and wands downwards at a 45-degree angle to sides. Hold position until aircraft is clear for next manoeuvre.	Hold position/stand by	Hold position/stand by	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
23.Perform a standard salute with right hand and/or wand to dispatch the aircraft. Maintain eye contact with flight crew until aircraft has begun to taxi.	Dispatch aircraft	Dispatch aircraft	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
24.Extend right arm fully above head and close fist or hold wand in horizontal position; left arm remains at side by knee.	Do not touch controls (technical/servicing communication signal)	Do not touch controls (technical/servicing communication signal)	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
25.Hold arms fully extended above head, open left hand horizontally and move finger tips of right hand into a touch open palm of left hand (forming a “T”). At night, illuminated wands can also be used to form the “T” above head.	Connect ground power (technical/servicing communication signal)	Connect ground power (technical/servicing communication signal)	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
26.Hold arms fully extended above head with finger tips of right hand touching open horizontal palm of left hand (forming a “T”); then move right hand away from the left. Do not disconnect power until authorised by flight crew. At night illuminated wands can also be used to form the “T” above head.	Disconnect power (technical/servicing communication signal)	Disconnect power (technical/servicing communication signal)	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
27.Hold right arm straight out at 90 degrees from shoulder and point wand down to ground or display hand with “thumbs down”; left hand remains at side by knee.	Negative (technical/servicing communication signal)	Negative (technical/servicing communication signal)	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
28.Extend both arms at 90 degrees from body and move hands to cup both ears.	Establish communication via interphone (technical/servicing communication signal)	Establish communication via interphone (technical/servicing communication signal)	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]
29.With right arm at side and left arm raised above head at a 45-degree angle, move right arm in a sweeping motion towards top of left shoulder.	Open/close stairs (technical/servicing communication signal)—This signal is intended mainly for aircraft with the set of integral stairs at the front	Open/close stairs (technical/servicing communication signal)—This signal is intended mainly for aircraft with the set of integral stairs at the front	[image omitted]	[image omitted]	[image omitted]

Marshalling signals (from a pilot of an aircraft to a marshaller)

62

Each of the signals described in column 1 of Table 6, when made by a pilot in an aircraft to a marshaller on the ground, shall have the meanings specified in column 2 of the Table.

Column 1	Column 2
Description of Signal	Meaning of Signal
1. Raise arm and hand with fingers extended horizontally in front of face, then clench fist.	Brakes engaged.
2. Raise arm with fist clenched horizontally in front of face, then extend fingers.	Brakes released.
3. Arms extended palms facing outwards, move hands inwards to cross in front of face.	Insert chocks.
4. Hands crossed in front of face, palms facing outwards, move arms outwards.	Remove chocks.
5. Raise the number of fingers on one hand indicating the number of the engine to be started. For this purpose the aircraft engines shall be numbered in relation to the marshaller facing the aircraft, from his right to his left. For example, No. 1 engine shall be the port outer engine, No. 2 engine shall be the port inner engine, No. 3 engine shall be the starboard inner engine and No. 4 engine shall be the starboard outer engine.	Ready to start engines.

Distress, urgency and safety signals

63

• (1) The following signals, given either together or separately before the sending of a message, signify that an aircraft is threatened by grave and imminent danger and requests immediate assistance—

• (a) by radiotelephony—

the spoken word ‘MAYDAY’;

• (b) by visual signalling—

• (i) the signal SOS (… --- …);

• (ii) a succession of pyrotechnic lights fired at short intervals each showing a single red light;

• (iii) a parachute flare showing a red light;

• (c) by sound signalling other than radiotelephony—

• (i) the signal SOS (… --- …);

• (ii) a continuous sounding with any sound apparatus.

• (2) The following signals, given either together or separately, before the sending of a message, signify that the pilot-in-command of the aircraft wishes to give notice of difficulties which compel it to land but that he does not require immediate assistance—

• (a) a succession of white pyrotechnic lights;

• (b) the repeated switching on and off of the aircraft landing lights;

• (c) the repeated switching on and off of its navigation lights, in such a manner as to be clearly distinguishable from the flashing navigation lights described in rule 49.

• (3) The following signals, given either together or separately, indicate that the pilot-in-command of the aircraft has an urgent message to transmit concerning the safety of a ship, aircraft, vehicle or other property or of a person on board or within sight of the aircraft from which the signal is given—

• (a) by radiotelephony—

the repeated spoken word, ‘PAN PAN’;

• (b) by visual signalling—

the signal XXX (- .. -- .. -- .. -);

• (c) by sound signalling other than radiotelephony—

the signal XXX (- .. -- .. -- .. -).

SCHEDULE 5 — PENALTIES

PART A — Provisions Referred to in Article 185(5)

Article of order	Subject matter
14	Aircraft flying unregistered
22	Aircraft flying with false or incorrect markings
29	Flight without appropriate maintenance
30	Failure to keep a technical log or other log books
32	Flight without a certificate of release to service issued under the Order
33	Exercise of privileges of aircraft maintenance engineer’s licence whilst unfit
35	Flight without required equipment
36	Flight without required radio equipment
37	Minimum equipment requirements
38	Requirement to weigh aircraft and keep weight schedule
40-43	Crew requirements
44	Requirement for appropriate licence
52(1) and (4)	Requirement for appropriate certificate of test or experience
53	Requirement for appropriate certificate of test
54	Flight without valid medical certificate
55	Flight in unfit condition
56	Prohibition of flight after failure of test
59	Instruction in flying without appropriate licence and rating
62(6)	Operator’s obligation to obtain flight time records of flight crew
63(2)	Flight crew member’s obligation to inform operator of flight times
64	Flight time limitations
67	Breach of the Rules of the Air
68	Flight in contravention of restriction of flying regulations
69	Flying displays
70-72	Flight by balloons, gliders, kites, parascending parachutes and airships
73	Flight by small aircraft
75	Aerodrome operating minima – non-commercial air transport aircraft
76	Requirement for pilot to remain at controls
78	Pre-flight action by pilot-in-command of aircraft
79	Requirement for passenger briefing
82	Requirements for radio station in aircraft to be licensed and for operation of same
83	Requirement for an airborne collision avoidance system
84	Use of flight recording systems and preservation of records
86	Carriage of persons in or on any part of an aircraft not designed for that purpose
87 and 88	Requirement for exits and break-in markings
89	Requirement for area navigation equipment – aircraft registered in the Territory
90	Requirement for area navigation equipment – aircraft registered elsewhere than in the Territory
91	Requirement for minimum navigation performance equipment
92	Requirement for height keeping performance equipment – aircraft registered in the Territory
93	Requirement for height keeping performance equipment – aircraft registered elsewhere than in the Territory
96	Operations manual requirement
97	Training programme requirement
98	Safety management system and flight data monitoring
99	Operator’s responsibilities in connection with crew
100	Requirements for loading aircraft
101	Operational restrictions on aeroplanes
102	Operational restrictions on helicopters
103	Prohibition on commercial air transport flights at night or in Instrument Meteorological Conditions by single engine aeroplanes
104	Aerodrome operating minima – commercial air transport aircraft registered in the Territory
105	Aerodrome operating minima – commercial air transport aircraft registered elsewhere than in the Territory
128	Requirement for aerial application permission
129	Towing, picking up and raising of persons and articles by aircraft
130	Dropping of articles and animals from aircraft
131	Dropping of persons
133	Requirement for approval
138	Provision of air traffic control services
139	Duty of person in charge to satisfy himself as to competence of controllers
142	Use of radio call signs at aerodromes
143	Requirement for licensing of air traffic controllers
151	Requirement for licensing of flight information service officers
152	Requirement for aerodrome information service manual
153	Use of aeronautical telecommunications service
154	Requirement to keep aeronautical telecommunications service records
155	Requirement for certificated aerodrome
156	Contravention of conditions of aerodrome certificate – use of aerodromes
162	Management of aviation fuel at aerodromes
163	Use of aeronautical lights
165	Prohibition of dangerous lights
174(4), (7) and (10)	Requirement to report occurrences
179	Prohibition of smoking in aircraft
180	Requirement to obey lawful commands of aircraft pilot-in-command
181	Acting in a disruptive manner
182	Obstruction of persons performing duties under the Order
184	Prohibition of stowaways

PART B — Provisions Referred to in Article 185(6)

Article of order	Subject matter
8	Flight in contravention of direction not to fly
24	Flight without a certificate of airworthiness
62(1)	Operator’s obligation to regulate flight times of flight crew
62(5)	Operator’s obligation not to allow flight by crew in dangerous state of fatigue
63(1)	Crew’s obligation not to fly in dangerous state of fatigue
65	Protection of air crew from cosmic radiation
66	Keeping and production of records of exposure to cosmic radiation
74	Operation of aircraft
94	Flight for the purpose of commercial air transport without an air operator’s certificate
95	Flight in the service of a police authority without a police air operator’s certificate
107	Prohibition of carriage of weapons and munitions of war
110	Prohibition of carriage of dangerous goods
135	Restriction of flights for valuable consideration by aircraft registered elsewhere than in the Territory
137	Restriction of flights for aerial photography, aerial survey and aerial work by aircraft registered elsewhere than in the Territory
138	Provision of an air traffic control service without an approval
148	Prohibition of drunkenness etc of controllers
149	Controller’s obligation not to act in a dangerous state of fatigue
162(4)	Use of aviation fuel which is unfit for use in aircraft
173	Use of false or unauthorised documents and records
174(9)	Making false reports
176	Endangering safety of aircraft
177	Endangering safety of persons or property
178	Prohibition of drunkenness in aircraft
181	Acting in disruptive manner and intentional interference
186	Operators’ or pilot-in-commands’ obligations in respect of flights over any foreign country

SCHEDULE 6 — TERRITORIES TO WHICH THIS ORDER APPLIES

• Anguilla

• Bermuda

• British Indian Ocean Territory

• Cayman Islands

• Falkland Islands

• Montserrat

• Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands

• St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

• South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

• Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia

• Turks and Caicos Islands

• Virgin Islands

Signed

Richard Tilbrook — Clerk of the Privy Council

Explanatory note

(This note is not part of the Order)

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This Order supersedes the Air Navigation (Overseas Territories) Order 2007 (S.I. 2007 No. 3468) as amended (“the 2007 Order”).

1 This Order sets out the provisions applicable to the Overseas Territories listed in Schedule 6 to enable the United Kingdom to comply with the Convention on International Civil Aviation (known as the Chicago Convention) and, in particular, the Annexes to that Convention. This Order replaces the Air Navigation (Overseas Territories) Order 2007 (S.I. 2007/3468), the Air Navigation (Overseas Territories) (Amendment) Order 2008 (S,I. 2008/3125) and the Air Navigation (Overseas Territories) (Amendment) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/237.

2 The general approach is to try to make this Order as user-friendly as possible; taking account of the fact that it is a legal instrument and taking account of Statutory Instrument and Government (Better Regulation) Practice. This has involved in particular— replacement of unnecessarily legalistic terms and expressions by more commonplace ones – such as “under” in place of “pursuant to” when referring to an article; splitting-up long articles with many paragraphs into a number of shorter articles (for example articles 4 and 20 in the 2007 Order); reduction in the length and complexity of sentences; removing specifications, procedures, details of content (for example in manuals) where adequate provision is made in corresponding Overseas Territories Aviation Requirements (“OTAR”) Parts; repeal of some of the Schedules if their content is fully included in the relevant OTAR Parts; replacement of “shall” by “must”, where an obligation or prohibition is imposed in the Order upon a person or organisation; implementation of gender-neutral drafting; that is avoiding the use of gender specific terms such as “he” and replacement with a gender-neutral alternative such as “the holder”, when referring to a licence or certificate holder; modernisation of language generally.

3 As this is intended to be the last major amendment to the regime the opportunity has been taken to carry out some restructuring of it so that its provisions follow a more logical sequence. In particular, the principal powers and duties vested in the Governor have been brought from the General Provisions – Part XVII – in the 2007 Order to a new Part 1 to give them greater visibility and prominence and the Interpretation article (article 156 in the 2007 Order) has been brought to the front, as article 3 of this Order.

4 Registration of aircraft: there is one substantive change relating to the qualifying requirements for registration upon which extensive consultations have taken place: the requirements for the applicant’s principal place of business (in addition to its registered office) to be located in the Territory has been removed, coupled with removal of references to “the Commonwealth” (article 16). It is generally accepted that the previous provisions were somewhat archaic and that, provided that the applicant is incorporated in a Territory, there is no need for that applicant to have its principal place of business there in order to ensure effective oversight. Apart from the above, the previous lengthy article (containing 17 paragraphs) has been divided into seven separate articles (articles 15-21).

5 Equipment of aircraft: this article has been amended by deleting the specific details of the type of instructions to be given regarding the actions to be taken in an emergency. The specific form of such instructions is for the operator to determine according to the type and size of the aircraft, unless otherwise specified in the relevant OTAR Part (article 35).

6 Minimum equipment requirements: this article has been revised to make it clear that the operator’s Minimum Equipment List (“MEL”) requires approval by the regulatory authority (article 37).

7 Composition of crew of aircraft: this article has been broken up into separate elements coupled with the removal of references to pressurisation in relation to crewing requirements and the removal of the provisions relating to flight navigators and flight engineers, neither of which are required on the types of modern aircraft that populate the Territories’ registers (articles 40-43). The provisions relating to cabin crew have been placed in a separate article (article 42).

8 In relation to restrictions on flying, the term “issue instructions” has been substituted for the term “make regulations” so as to enable the Governor’s to act without the need for adoption of the formal process of making and gazetting regulations (article 68).

9 The provisions relating to the increasing unmanned aerial activities have been revised to mirror those applicable in the UK itself and the definition has been revised in line with current International Civil Aviation Organisation practice (articles 3, 73, 191).

10 The provisions relating to weapons and munitions of war have been separated so as to distinguish clearly between purely sporting weapons and those used for military purposes (article 107 to 109).

11 The provisions relating to the transport of dangerous goods by air were previously contained in Schedule 10. The principal obligations and prohibitions contained in that schedule have been lifted up into the body of the Order and the technical instructions and implementing requirements have been set out in OTAR Part 92 (Part 12 and articles 110 to 125).

12 There have been some revisions to the performance requirements relating to aircraft in order to align them more closely with the ICAO Standards and with the provisions contained in the Operations OTARs Parts 91, 121 and 135 (articles 101 and 102).

13 The aerial works provisions have been re-written and re-structured in order to separate the different types of activity and in order to impose requirements relating to the assessment of risk and the development of standard operating procedures as an alternative to an operations manual (articles 126 to 131 and article 137).

14 The articles relating to aeronautical telecommunications were considered to be too complex and cumbersome and have been restructured with the removal of many of the implementing requirements to the relevant OTAR Part (articles 153 and 154).

15 The article relating to the use of aerodromes has been revised in the light of experience and in the context of the development in the Territories of water-borne aircraft operations. The provisions have been revised accordingly so as to apply to aerodromes generally whilst the onus remains upon the aircraft operator to satisfy itself as to their suitability for the proposed operations. The complementary article has been revised accordingly (articles 155 and 156). TABLE OF COMPARISON (This Table is not part of the Order) The following Table shows, in relation to each article of the Air Navigation (Overseas Territories) Order 2007, as amended, the article of the 2013 Order in which it is reproduced. 2007 Order as amended2013 Order 11221563149415251536155714181429146101221112312154133144(1) and (2)154(3) to (5)164(6) to (8)174(9) to (12)184(13) to (15)194(16)204(17)21522623724825102682792892911301131123213331434153516361737183819392040204120422043214421452146214721482149215022512352245325542555265627572858295930603161326233633464356536663767386863693970397139724073417442754376447745784679478048814982558356845985608661876288508951905291539254936494659566966897699870997110072101731027410375104761057710657(1), (3) and (4)10757(2), (5) and (6)10857(7)10958 and Schedule 10, regulations 2, 18 and 19110Schedule 10, regulation 3111Schedule 10, regulation 4112Schedule 10, regulation 5113Schedule 10, regulation 6114Schedule 10, regulations 7 and 8115Schedule 10, regulation 9116Schedule 10, regulation 10117Schedule 10, regulation 11118Schedule 10, regulation 12119Schedule 10, regulation 13120Schedule 10, regulation 14121Schedule 10, regulation 14122Schedule 10, regulation 16123Schedule 10, regulation 17124Schedule 10, regulation 11257812678127781288012981130821318313284133851341351351361361371378613887139881408914190142911439214493145941469514796148971499915098151100152101153102154105155103156106157107158108159109160113161114162110163111164112165115166116167117168118169119170120171121172124173139174140175125176126177127178128179129180130181131182132183133184134185138186148187143188144189145190150191151192147193164194157195158196159197160198161199162200163201163202

Footnotes

[^f00001]: 1949 c. 67.Although these provisions of Civil Aviation Act 1949 were repealed by the Civil Aviation Act 1982, by virtue of section 17(2) of the Interpretation Act 1978 the powers in the Civil Aviation Act 1949 which were re-enacted in the Civil Aviation Act 1982 can continue to be relied upon for the purposes of making this Order.

[^f00002]: S.I. 1969/592 as amended by S.I. 2001/1452 and S.I. 2011/2979. There are other amendments but none relevant to this Order.

[^f00003]: 1982 c. 16. Section 61 has been amended by section 2 of the Aviation (Offences) Act 2003 (c. 19) and section 83(5) of, and part II of Schedule 6 to, the Airports Act 1986 (c. 31).

[^f00004]: S.I. 2001/3367 as amended by S.I. 2011/2979. There are other amendments but none relevant to this Order.

[^f00005]: 1981 c. 61.

[^f00006]: 1974 c. 39.

[^f00007]: 2006 c. 46.

[^f00008]: 1995 c. 21.

[^f00009]: 1964 c. 5.

[^f00010]: 1982 c.16.

[^f00011]: Section 41(2) is extended to the Territory by Schedule 2 to the Civil Aviation Act 1949 (Overseas Territories) Order 1969 (S.I. 1969/592).

[^f00012]: Section 75 was extended to the Territory by the Civil Aviation Act 1982 (Overseas Territories) Order 2001 (S.I. 2001/3367).

[^f00013]: 1948 c.56. Section 3 was amended by section 314(2) of, and paragraph 22 of Schedule 13 to, the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 (c. 21) and by section 52(6) of, and Schedule 7 to, the British Nationality Act 1981 (c. 61).