§ 114. Annual authorization of appropriations

§ 114. Annual authorization of appropriations

(a) No funds may be appropriated for any fiscal year to or for the use of any armed force or obligated or expended for—

unless funds therefor have been specifically authorized by law.

(1) procurement of aircraft, missiles, or naval vessels;

(2) any research, development, test, or evaluation, or procurement or production related thereto;

(3) procurement of tracked combat vehicles;

(4) procurement of other weapons;

(5) procurement of naval torpedoes and related support equipment;

(6) military construction;

(7) the operation and maintenance of any armed force or of the activities and agencies of the Department of Defense (other than the military departments);

(8) procurement of ammunition; or

(9) other procurement by any armed force or by the activities and agencies of the Department of Defense (other than the military departments);

(b) In subsection (a)(6), the term “military construction” includes any construction, development, conversion, or extension of any kind which is carried out with respect to any military facility or installation (including any Government-owned or Government-leased industrial facility used for the production of defense articles and any facility to which section 4174 of this title applies), any activity to which section 2807 of this title applies, any activity to which chapter 1803 of this title applies, and advances to the Secretary of Transportation for the construction of defense access roads under section 210 of title 23. Such term does not include any activity to which section 2821 or 2854 of this title applies.

(c)

(1) The size of the Special Defense Acquisition Fund established pursuant to chapter 5 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2795 et seq.) may not exceed $3,500,000,000.

(2) Notwithstanding section 37(a) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2777(a)), amounts received by the United States pursuant to subparagraph (A) of section 21(a)(1) of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2761(a)(1))—

(A) shall be credited to the Special Defense Acquisition Fund established pursuant to chapter 5 of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2795 et seq.), as authorized by section 51(b)(1) of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2795(b)(1)), but subject to the limitations in paragraphs (1) and (3) and other applicable law; and

(B) to the extent not so credited, shall be deposited in the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts as provided in section 3302(b) of title 31.

(3) Of the amount of annual obligations from the Special Defense Acquisition Fund in each of fiscal years 2018 through 2022, not less than 20 percent shall be for funds to procure and stock precision guided munitions that may be required by partner and allied forces to enhance the effectiveness of current or future contributions of such forces to overseas contingency operations conducted or supported by the United States.

(d) Funds may be appropriated for the armed forces for use as an emergency fund for research, development, test, and evaluation, or related procurement or production, only if the appropriation of the funds is authorized by law after June 30, 1966.

(e) In each budget submitted by the President to Congress under section 1105 of title 31, amounts requested for procurement of equipment for the reserve components of the armed forces (including the National Guard) shall be set forth separately from other amounts requested for procurement for the armed forces.

(f) In each budget submitted by the President to Congress under section 1105 of title 31, amounts requested for procurement of ammunition for the Navy and Marine Corps, and for procurement of ammunition for the Air Force, shall be set forth separately from other amounts requested for procurement.

(Added Pub. L. 93–155, title VIII, § 803(a), Nov. 16, 1973, 87 Stat. 612, § 138; amended Pub. L. 94–106, title VIII, § 801(a), Oct. 7, 1975, 89 Stat. 537; Pub. L. 94–361, title III, § 302, July 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 924; Pub. L. 96–107, title III, § 303(b), Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 806; Pub. L. 96–342, title X, § 1001(a)(1), (b)–(d)(1), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1117–1119; Pub. L. 96–513, title I, § 102, title V, § 511(4), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2840, 2920; Pub. L. 97–22, § 2(b), July 10, 1981, 95 Stat. 124; Pub. L. 97–86, title III, § 302, title IX, §§ 901(a), 902, 903, Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1104, 1113, 1114; Pub. L. 97–113, title I, § 108(b), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1524; Pub. L. 97–214, § 4, July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 170; Pub. L. 97–252, title IV, § 402(a), title XI, §§ 1103, 1105, Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 725, 738, 739; Pub. L. 97–295, § 1(3), (4), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1289; Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, § 1405(2), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2621; Pub. L. 99–145, title XII, § 1208, title XIV, § 1403, Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 723, 743; renumbered § 114 and amended Pub. L. 99–433, title I, §§ 101(a)(2), 110(b)(1)–(9), (11), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 994, 1001, 1002; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title I, § 105(d), title XIII, § 1304(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3827, 3979; Pub. L. 100–26, § 7(j)(1), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 282; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, § 1203, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1154; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, § 1602(b), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1597; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, § 1481(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1704; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, § 1501(c)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title X, § 1005, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2632; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, § 1202(a), (b), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2474; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title XII, § 1203(a), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1642; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §§ 1844(e)(1), 1883(b)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4246, 4294; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, § 1701(u)(5)(B), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2154; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title XVII, § 1702, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2966.)

In subsection (c)(5), the words “It is the sense of Congress that” are omitted as unnecessary. The words “Secretary of Defense” are substituted for “Department of Defense” the first time it appears because the responsibility is in the head of the agency. The word “Therefore” is omitted as surplus. The word “complete” is substituted for “full”, and the word “personnel” is substituted for “manpower” except in the phrase “manpower requirements”, for consistency.

In subsection (i), the words “may be . . . only if” are substituted for “No . . . may be . . . unless” to use the positive voice. The words “after June 30, 1966” are substituted for “after that date” for clarity.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320. Chapter 5 of the Arms Export Control Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§ 2795 et seq.) of chapter 39 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of Title 22 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in subsec. (c)(2) of this section were contained in Pub. L. 101–165, title IX, § 9017, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1133, which was set out as a note below, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–510, § 1481(a)(2).

Prior similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 86–149, title IV, § 412, Aug. 10, 1959, 73 Stat. 322, as amended by Pub. L. 87–436, § 2, Apr. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 55; Pub. L. 88–174, title VI, § 610, Nov. 7, 1963, 77 Stat. 329; Pub. L. 89–37, title III, § 304, June 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 128; Pub. L. 90–168, § 6, Dec. 1, 1967, 81 Stat. 526; Pub. L. 91–121, title IV, § 405, Nov. 19, 1969, 83 Stat. 207; Pub. L. 91–441, title V, §§ 505, 509, Oct. 7, 1970, 84 Stat. 912, 913; Pub. L. 92–129, title VII, § 701, Sept. 28, 1971, 85 Stat. 362; Pub. L. 92–436, title III, § 302, title VI, § 604, Sept. 26, 1972, 86 Stat. 736, 739, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 93–155, § 803(b)(1).

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 117–263 substituted “$3,500,000,000” for “$2,500,000,000”.

2021—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1883(b)(2), substituted “section 4174” for “section 2353”.

Pub. L. 116–283, § 1844(e)(1), which had directed the substitution of “section 4141” for “section 2353”, was repealed by Pub. L. 117–81, § 1701(u)(5)(B).

2017—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 115–91 substituted “Of the amount of annual obligations from the Special Defense Acquisition Fund in each of fiscal years 2018 through 2022, not less than 20 percent shall be for funds to procure” for “Of the amount available in the Special Defense Acquisition Fund in any fiscal year after fiscal year 2016, $500,000,000 may be used in such fiscal year only to procure”.

2016—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1202(a), substituted “$2,500,000,000” for “$1,070,000,000”.

Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1202(b)(1), substituted “limitations in paragraphs (1) and (3)” for “limitation in paragraph (1)”.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1202(b)(2), added par. (3).

1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–106 substituted “chapter 1803” for “chapter 133”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–201 added subsec. (f).

1990—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–510 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

1989—Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 101–189 struck out subsecs. (f) and (g) which read as follows:

“(f) The amounts of the estimated expenditures and proposed appropriations necessary to support programs, projects, and activities of the Department of Defense included pursuant to paragraph (5) of section 1105(a) of title 31 in the budget submitted to Congress by the President under such section for any fiscal year or years and the amounts specified in all program and budget information submitted to Congress by the Department of Defense in support of such estimates and proposed appropriations shall be mutually consistent unless, in the case of each inconsistency, there is included detailed reasons for the inconsistency.

“(g) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress not later than April 1 of each year, the five-year defense program (including associated annexes) used by the Secretary in formulating the estimated expenditures and proposed appropriations included in such budget to support programs, projects, and activities of the Department of Defense.”

1987—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–26 redesignated subsec. (f) as (e).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–180 added subsec. (f).

Pub. L. 100–26, § 7(j)(1), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–180, § 1203, added subsec. (g).

1986—Pub. L. 99–433, § 101(a)(2), renumbered section 138 of this title as this section.

Pub. L. 99–433, § 110(b)(1), struck out “and personnel strengths for the armed forces; annual manpower requirements and operations and maintenance reports” at end of section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 99–433, § 110(b)(3), struck out “(as defined in subsection (f))” after “military construction”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–433, § 110(b)(4), (5), (8), redesignated subsec. (f)(1) as (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated section 115(a) of this title.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–661, § 1304(a), substituted “$1,070,000,000” for “$1,000,000,000”.

Pub. L. 99–433, § 110(b)(4), (5), (11), redesignated subsec. (g) as (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated section 115(b) of this title.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–433, § 110(b)(4), (5), (11), redesignated subsec. (i) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated section 115(c) of this title.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99–433, § 110(b)(6), (7), redesignated subsec. (e) as section 116(a) of this title.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–661, § 105(d), added subsec. (f).

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 99–433, § 110(b)(8), redesignated subsec. (f)(1) as (b).