§ 609. Short title

§ 609. Short title

This chapter may be cited as the “Communications Act of 1934.”

(June 19, 1934, ch. 652, title VII, § 709, formerly title VI, § 609, 48 Stat. 1105; renumbered title VII, § 709, Pub. L. 98–549, § 6(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2804.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064, known as the Communications Act of 1934, which enacted this chapter, amended section 35 of this title, section 21 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 487 of former Title 46, Shipping, and sections 1, 2, 5, and 15 of former Title 49, Transportation, and repealed sections 484 to 487 of former Title 46. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 2023 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–338, § 1, Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6156, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 152, 153, and 276 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 152 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Martha Wright-Reed Just and Reasonable Communications Act of 2022’.”

Short Title of 2022 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–223, § 1, Dec. 7, 2022, 136 Stat. 2280, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 345 of this title and provisions set out as notes under section 345 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Safe Connections Act of 2022’.”

Short Title of 2021 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–58, div. F, title VI, § 60601, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 1246, provided that: “This title [enacting and repealing section 344 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 344 of this title and section 3111 of Title 29, Labor] may be cited as the ‘Telecommunications Skilled Workforce Act’.”

Short Title of 2020 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–260, div. FF, title IX, § 902(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3206, provided that: “This section [amending section 615a–1 of this title, repealing section 1413 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 615a–1 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Don’t Break Up the T-Band Act of 2020’.”

Pub. L. 116–172, § 1, Oct. 17, 2020, 134 Stat. 832, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 251a of this title, amending section 251 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 251 of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Suicide Hotline Designation Act of 2020’.”

Pub. L. 116–130, § 1, Mar. 23, 2020, 134 Stat. 228, provided that: “This Act [enacting subchapter VII of this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Broadband Deployment Accuracy and Technological Availability Act’ or the ‘Broadband DATA Act’.”

Pub. L. 116–109, § 1, Jan. 24, 2020, 134 Stat. 3, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 511 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Preventing Illegal Radio Abuse Through Enforcement Act’ or the ‘PIRATE Act’.”

Short Title of 2019 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–105, § 1, Dec. 30, 2019, 133 Stat. 3274, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 227b to 227b–2 of this title, amending section 227 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 227 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act’ or the ‘Pallone-Thune TRACED Act’.”

Pub. L. 116–94, div. P, title X, § 1001, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3198, provided that: “This title [enacting section 562 of this title, amending section 325 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 325 and 562 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Television Viewer Protection Act of 2019’.”

Short Title of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–141, div. P, § 1(a), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1080, provided that: “This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Repack Airwaves Yielding Better Access for Users of Modern Services Act of 2018’ or the ‘RAY BAUM’S Act of 2018’.”

Pub. L. 115–129, § 1, Feb. 26, 2018, 132 Stat. 329, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 262 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Improving Rural Call Quality and Reliability Act of 2017’.”

Pub. L. 115–127, § 1, Feb. 16, 2018, 132 Stat. 326, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 623 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 623 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Kari’s Law Act of 2017’.”

Short Title of 2016 Amendment

Pub. L. 114–182, title II, § 201, June 22, 2016, 130 Stat. 512, provided that: “This title [amending section 254 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 254 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Rural Healthcare Connectivity Act of 2016’.”

Short Title of 2014 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–200, § 1(a), Dec. 4, 2014, 128 Stat. 2059, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 325, 338, 534, and 543 of this title and sections 111, 119, and 122 of Title 17, Copyrights, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 153, 325, 338, and 534 of this title and section 111 of Title 17, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 119 of Title 17] may be cited as the ‘STELA Reauthorization Act of 2014’.”

Pub. L. 113–197, § 1, Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2055, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 622 of this title and provisions set out as notes under section 622 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Enhance Labeling, Accessing, and Branding of Electronic Licenses Act of 2014’ or the ‘E–LABEL Act’.”

Short Title of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–331, § 1, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3572, provided that: “This Act [amending section 227 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Truth in Caller ID Act of 2009’.”

Pub. L. 111–311, § 1, Dec. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3294, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 621 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Commercial Advertisement Loudness Mitigation Act’ or the ‘CALM Act’.”

Pub. L. 111–260, § 1(a), Oct. 8, 2010, 124 Stat. 2751, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 615c and 616 to 620 of this title, amending sections 153, 225, 303, 330, 402, 503, 610, and 613 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 153, 303, 613, and 619 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010’.”

Short Title of 2009 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–4, § 1, Feb. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 112, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 309 and 337 of this title and enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under section 309 of this title] may be cited as the ‘DTV Delay Act’.”

Short Title of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–295, § 1, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2972, provided that: “This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under section 309 of this title] may be cited as the ‘DTV Transition Assistance Act’.”

Pub. L. 110–283, § 1, July 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 2620, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 615a–1 of this title and amending sections 222, 615a, 615b, and 942 of this title] may be cited as the ‘New and Emerging Technologies 911 Improvement Act of 2008’ or the ‘NET 911 Improvement Act of 2008’.”

Short Title of 2007 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–108, § 1, Oct. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 1024, provided that: “This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under section 151 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Internet Tax Freedom Act Amendments Act of 2007’.”

Short Title of 2006 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–459, § 1, Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3399, provided that: “This Act [enacting and repealing provisions set out as notes under section 201 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Call Home Act of 2006’.”

Pub. L. 109–235, § 1, June 15, 2006, 120 Stat. 491, provided that: “This Act [amending section 503 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act of 2005’.”

Short Title of 2005 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–21, § 1, July 9, 2005, 119 Stat. 359, provided that: “This Act [amending section 227 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 227 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Junk Fax Prevention Act of 2005’.”

Short Title of 2004 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–435, § 1, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2615, provided that: “This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under section 151 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Internet Tax Nondiscrimination Act’.”

Short Title of 2002 Amendment

Pub. L. 107–195, § 1, June 19, 2002, 116 Stat. 715, provided that: “This Act [amending section 309 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 309 and 337 of this title, amending provisions set out as a note under section 337 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 309 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Auction Reform Act of 2002’.”

Short Title of 2001 Amendment

Pub. L. 107–75, § 1, Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 703, provided that: “This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under section 151 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Internet Tax Nondiscrimination Act’.”

Short Title of 2000 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(4) [div. B, title XVII, § 1731], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–350, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle C (§§ 1731–1733) of title XVII of div. B of H.R. 5666, as enacted by section 1(a)(4) of Pub. L. 106–554, amending section 254 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 254 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Neighborhood Children’s Internet Protection Act’.”

Short Title of 1999 Amendments

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(9) [title V, § 5008(a)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–594, provided that: “This section [amending section 336 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 336 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Community Broadcasters Protection Act of 1999’.”

Pub. L. 106–81, § 1, Oct. 26, 1999, 113 Stat. 1286, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 615 to 615b of this title, amending sections 222 and 251 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 615 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Wireless Communications and Public Safety Act of 1999’.”

Short Title of 1998 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title XIV, § 1401, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–736, provided that: “This title [enacting section 231 of this title, amending sections 223 and 230 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 223 and 231 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Child Online Protection Act’.”

Short Title of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–104, § 1(a), Feb. 8, 1996, 110 Stat. 56, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 160, 161, 222, 230, 251 to 261, 271 to 276, 336, 363, 549, 560, 561, 571 to 573, 613, and 614 of this title and section 79z–5c of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, amending sections 151, 153 to 155, 204, 208, 214, 220, 221, 223 to 225, 228, 302a, 303, 305, 307 to 310, 312, 319, 330, 332, 360, 382, 385, 402, 522, 531 to 534, 537, 541 to 544a, 548, 552, 556, 557, 559, and 605 of this title, sections 18, 79, 79z–6, and 5714 of Title 15, and sections 1462, 1465, and 2422 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 151 to 153, 156, 157, 204, 214, 223, 228, 303, 308, 332, 534, 543, and 561 of this title and section 1462 of Title 18] may be cited as the ‘Telecommunications Act of 1996’.”

Pub. L. 104–104, title V, § 501, Feb. 8, 1996, 110 Stat. 133, provided that: “This title [enacting sections 230, 560, and 561 of this title, amending sections 223, 303, 330, 531, 532, and 559 of this title and sections 1462, 1465, and 2422 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 223, 303, and 561 of this title and section 1462 of Title 18] may be cited as the ‘Communications Decency Act of 1996’.”

Short Title of 1992 Amendments