§ 1701. Unusual and extraordinary threat; declaration of national emergency; exercise of Presidential authorities

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XVI, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2571, as amended by Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XIV, § 1408(a)–(c), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 494; Pub. L. 107–228, div. B, title XIII, § 1308(g)(1)(C), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1441, provided that: “SEC. 1601. SHORT TITLE.“This title may be cited as the ‘Iran-Iraq Arms Non-Proliferation Act of 1992’. “SEC. 1602. UNITED STATES POLICY.“(a) In General.—It shall be the policy of the United States to oppose, and urgently to seek the agreement of other nations also to oppose, any transfer to Iran or Iraq of any goods or technology, including dual-use goods or technology, wherever that transfer could materially contribute to either country’s acquiring chemical, biological, nuclear, or destabilizing numbers and types of advanced conventional weapons. “(b) Sanctions.—(1) In the furtherance of this policy, the President shall apply sanctions and controls with respect to Iran, Iraq, and those nations and persons who assist them in acquiring weapons of mass destruction in accordance with the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.], the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 [22 U.S.C. 3201 et seq.], the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 [22 U.S.C. 5601 et seq.], chapter 7 of the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2797 et seq.], and other relevant statutes, regarding the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the means of their delivery. “(2) The President should also urgently seek the agreement of other nations to adopt and institute, at the earliest practicable date, sanctions and controls comparable to those the United States is obligated to apply under this subsection. “(c) Public Identification.—The Congress calls on the President to identify publicly (in the report required by section 1607) any country or person that transfers goods or technology to Iran or Iraq contrary to the policy set forth in subsection (a). “SEC. 1603. APPLICATION TO IRAN OF CERTAIN IRAQ SANCTIONS.“The sanctions against Iraq specified in paragraphs (1) through (4) of section 586G(a) of the Iraq Sanctions Act of 1990 (as contained in Public Law 101–513) [set out below], including denial of export licenses for United States persons and prohibitions on United States Government sales, shall be applied to the same extent and in the same manner with respect to Iran. “SEC. 1604. SANCTIONS AGAINST CERTAIN PERSONS.“(a) Prohibition.—If any person transfers or retransfers goods or technology so as to contribute knowingly and materially to the efforts by Iran or Iraq (or any agency or instrumentality of either such country) to acquire chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons or to acquire destabilizing numbers and types of advanced conventional weapons, then the sanctions described in subsection (b) shall be imposed. “(b) Mandatory Sanctions.—The sanctions to be imposed pursuant to subsection (a) are as follows:“(1) Procurement sanction.—For a period of two years, the United States Government shall not procure, or enter into any contract for the procurement of, any goods or services from the sanctioned person. “(2) Export sanction.—For a period of two years, the United States Government shall not issue any license for any export by or to the sanctioned person. “SEC. 1605. SANCTIONS AGAINST CERTAIN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.“(a) Prohibition.—If the President determines that the government of any foreign country transfers or retransfers goods or technology so as to contribute knowingly and materially to the efforts by Iran or Iraq (or any agency or instrumentality of either such country) to acquire chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons or to acquire destabilizing numbers and types of advanced conventional weapons, then—“(1) the sanctions described in subsection (b) shall be imposed on such country; and “(2) in addition, the President may apply, in the discretion of the President, the sanction described in subsection (c). “(b) Mandatory Sanctions.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the sanctions to be imposed pursuant to subsection (a)(1) are as follows:“(1) Suspension of united states assistance.—The United States Government shall suspend, for a period of one year, United States assistance to the sanctioned country. “(2) Multilateral development bank assistance.—The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director to each appropriate international financial institution to oppose, and vote against, for a period of one year, the extension by such institution of any loan or financial or technical assistance to the sanctioned country. “(3) Suspension of codevelopment or coproduction agreements.—The United States shall suspend, for a period of one year, compliance with its obligations under any memorandum of understanding with the sanctioned country for the codevelopment or coproduction of any item on the United States Munitions List (established under section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2778]), including any obligation for implementation of the memorandum of understanding through the sale to the sanctioned country of technical data or assistance or the licensing for export to the sanctioned country of any component part. “(4) Suspension of military and dual-use technical exchange agreements.—The United States shall suspend, for a period of one year, compliance with its obligations under any technical exchange agreement involving military and dual-use technology between the United States and the sanctioned country that does not directly contribute to the security of the United States, and no military or dual-use technology may be exported from the United States to the sanctioned country pursuant to that agreement during that period. “(5) United states munitions list.—No item on the United States Munitions List (established pursuant to section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act) may be exported to the sanctioned country for a period of one year. “(c) Discretionary Sanction.—The sanction referred to in subsection (a)(2) is as follows:“(1) Use of authorities of international emergency economic powers act.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the President may exercise, in accordance with the provisions of that Act [50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], the authorities of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act with respect to the sanctioned country. “(2) Exception.—Paragraph (1) does not apply with respect to urgent humanitarian assistance. “SEC. 1606. WAIVER.“The President may waive the requirement to impose a sanction described in section 1603, in the case of Iran, or a sanction described in section 1604(b) or 1605(b), in the case of Iraq and Iran, 15 days after the President determines and so reports to the Committees on Armed Services and Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committees on Armed Services and Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives that it is essential to the national interest of the United States to exercise such waiver authority. Any such report shall provide a specific and detailed rationale for such determination. “SEC. 1607. REPORTING REQUIREMENT.“[(a) Repealed. Pub. L. 107–228, div. B, title XIII, § 1308(g)(1)(C), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1441.] “(b) Report on Individual Transfers.—Whenever the President determines that a person or foreign government has made a transfer which is subject to any sanction under this title, the President shall, within 30 days after such transfer, submit to the Committees on Armed Services and Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committees on Armed Services and Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report—“(1) identifying the person or government and providing the details of the transfer; and “(2) describing the actions the President intends to undertake or has undertaken under the provisions of this title with respect to each such transfer. “(c) Form of Transmittal.—Reports required by this section may be submitted in classified as well as in unclassified form. “SEC. 1608. DEFINITIONS.“For purposes of this title:“(1) The term ‘advanced conventional weapons’ includes—“(A) such long-range precision-guided munitions, fuel air explosives, cruise missiles, low observability aircraft, other radar evading aircraft, advanced military aircraft, military satellites, electromagnetic weapons, and laser weapons as the President determines destabilize the military balance or enhance offensive capabilities in destabilizing ways; “(B) such advanced command, control, and communications systems, electronic warfare systems, or intelligence collection systems as the President determines destabilize the military balance or enhance offensive capabilities in destabilizing ways; and “(C) such other items or systems as the President may, by regulation, determine necessary for purposes of this title. “(2) The term ‘cruise missile’ means guided missiles that use aerodynamic lift to offset gravity and propulsion to counteract drag. “(3) The term ‘goods or technology’ means—“(A) any article, natural or manmade substance, material, supply, or manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment; and “(B) any information and know-how (whether in tangible form, such as models, prototypes, drawings, sketches, diagrams, blueprints, or manuals, or in intangible form, such as training or technical services) that can be used to design, produce, manufacture, utilize, or reconstruct goods, including computer software and technical data. “(4) The term ‘person’ means any United States or foreign individual, partnership, corporation, or other form of association, or any of their successor entities, parents, or subsidiaries. “(5) The term ‘sanctioned country’ means a country against which sanctions are required to be imposed pursuant to section 1605. “(6) The term ‘sanctioned person’ means a person that makes a transfer described in section 1604(a). “(7) The term ‘United States assistance’ means—“(A) any assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), other than urgent humanitarian assistance or medicine; “(B) sales and assistance under the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.]; “(C) financing by the Commodity Credit Corporation for export sales of agricultural commodities; and “(D) financing under the Export-Import Bank Act [of 1945] [22 U.S.C. 635 et seq.].”

[Memorandum of President of the United States, Sept. 27, 1994, 59 F.R. 50685, delegated to Secretary of State, in consultation with heads of other departments and agencies, all functions vested in President under title XVI of Pub. L. 102–484, set out above, without limitation of authority of other officials to exercise powers heretofore or hereafter delegated to them to implement sanctions imposed or actions directed by the Secretary pursuant to this delegation of authority.]

Payment of Claims by United States Nationals Against Iraq

Pub. L. 101–519, § 131, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2249, which authorized President to vest title in a portion of property in which transactions were blocked pursuant to Executive Order 12722, listed in a table below, in order to satisfy obligations owed to United States Government and United States nationals for which Iraq had suspended repayment, was repealed by Pub. L. 102–27, title IV, § 402(a), Apr. 10, 1991, 105 Stat. 155, as amended by Pub. L. 102–136, § 126, Oct. 25, 1991, 105 Stat. 643, effective Nov. 5, 1990.

Iraq Sanctions

Pub. L. 101–513, title V, §§ 586–586J, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2047–2054, provided that: “SEC. 586. SHORT TITLE.“Sections 586 through 586J of this Act may be cited as the ‘Iraq Sanctions Act of 1990’. “SEC. 586A. DECLARATIONS REGARDING IRAQ’S INVASION OF KUWAIT.“The Congress—“(1) condemns Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990; “(2) supports the actions that have been taken by the President in response to that invasion; “(3) calls for the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait; “(4) supports the efforts of the United Nations Security Council to end this violation of international law and threat to international peace; “(5) supports the imposition and enforcement of multilateral sanctions against Iraq; “(6) calls on United States allies and other countries to support fully the efforts of the United Nations Security Council, and to take other appropriate actions, to bring about an end to Iraq’s occupation of Kuwait; and “(7) condemns the brutal occupation of Kuwait by Iraq and its gross violations of internationally recognized human rights in Kuwait, including widespread arrests, torture, summary executions, and mass extrajudicial killings. “SEC. 586B. CONSULTATIONS WITH CONGRESS.“The President shall keep the Congress fully informed, and shall consult with the Congress, with respect to current and anticipated events regarding the international crisis caused by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait, including with respect to United States actions. “SEC. 586C. TRADE EMBARGO AGAINST IRAQ.“(a) Continuation of Embargo.—Except as otherwise provided in this section, the President shall continue to impose the trade embargo and other economic sanctions with respect to Iraq and Kuwait that the United States is imposing, in response to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait, pursuant to Executive Orders Numbered 12724 and 12725 [listed in a table below] (August 9, 1990) and, to the extent they are still in effect, Executive Orders Numbered 12722 and 12723 [listed in a table below] (August 2, 1990). Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no funds, credits, guarantees, or insurance appropriated or otherwise made available by this or any other Act for fiscal year 1991 or any fiscal year thereafter shall be used to support or administer any financial or commercial operation of any United States Government department, agency, or other entity, or of any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, for the benefit of the Government of Iraq, its agencies or instrumentalities, or any person working on behalf of the Government of Iraq, contrary to the trade embargo and other economic sanctions imposed in accordance with this section. “(b) Humanitarian Assistance.—To the extent that transactions involving foodstuffs or payments for foodstuffs are exempted ‘in humanitarian circumstances’ from the prohibitions established by the United States pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 661 (1990), those exemptions shall be limited to foodstuffs that are to be provided consistent with United Nations Security Council Resolution 666 (1990) and other relevant Security Council resolutions. “(c) Notice to Congress of Exceptions to and Termination of Sanctions.—“(1) Notice of regulations.—Any regulations issued after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990] with respect to the economic sanctions imposed with respect to Iraq and Kuwait by the United States under Executive Orders Numbered 12722 and 12723 (August 2, 1990) and Executive Orders Numbered 12724 and 12725 (August 9, 1990) shall be submitted to the Congress before those regulations take effect. “(2) Notice of termination of sanctions.—The President shall notify the Congress at least 15 days before the termination, in whole or in part, of any sanction imposed with respect to Iraq or Kuwait pursuant to those Executive orders. “(d) Relation to Other Laws.—“(1) Sanctions legislation.—The sanctions that are described in subsection (a) are in addition to, and not in lieu of the sanctions provided for in section 586G of this Act or any other provision of law. “(2) National emergencies and united nations legislation.—Nothing in this section supersedes any provision of the National Emergencies Act [50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.] or any authority of the President under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act [50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] or section 5(a) of the United Nations Participation Act of 1945 [22 U.S.C. 287c(a)]. “SEC. 586D. COMPLIANCE WITH UNITED NATIONS SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAQ.“(a) Denial of Assistance.—None of the funds appropriated or otherwise made available pursuant to this Act [see Tables for classification] to carry out the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.] (including title IV of chapter 2 of part I [22 U.S.C. 2191 et seq.], relating to the Overseas Private Investment Corporation) or the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.] may be used to provide assistance to any country that is not in compliance with the United Nations Security Council sanctions against Iraq unless the President determines and so certifies to the Congress that—“(1) such assistance is in the national interest of the United States; “(2) such assistance will directly benefit the needy people in that country; or “(3) the assistance to be provided will be humanitarian assistance for foreign nationals who have fled Iraq and Kuwait. “(b) Import Sanctions.—If the President considers that the taking of such action would promote the effectiveness of the economic sanctions of the United Nations and the United States imposed with respect to Iraq, and is consistent with the national interest, the President may prohibit, for such a period of time as he considers appropriate, the importation into the United States of any or all products of any foreign country that has not prohibited—“(1) the importation of products of Iraq into its customs territory, and “(2) the export of its products to Iraq. “SEC. 586E. PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF EMBARGO.“Notwithstanding section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) and section 5(b) of the United Nations Participation Act of 1945 (22 U.S.C. 287c(b))—“(1) a civil penalty of not to exceed $250,000 may be imposed on any person who, after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990], violates or evades or attempts to violate or evade Executive Order Numbered 12722, 12723, 12724, or 12725 [listed in a table below] or any license, order, or regulation issued under any such Executive order; and “(2) whoever, after the date of enactment of this Act, willfully violates or evades or attempts to violate or evade Executive Order Numbered 12722, 12723, 12724, or 12725 or any license, order, or regulation issued under any such Executive order—“(A) shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $1,000,000, if a person other than a natural person; or “(B) if a natural person, shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $1,000,000, be imprisoned for not more than 12 years, or both. Any officer, director, or agent of any corporation who knowingly participates in a violation, evasion, or attempt described in paragraph (2) may be punished by imposition of the fine or imprisonment (or both) specified in subparagraph (B) of that paragraph. “SEC. 586F. DECLARATIONS REGARDING IRAQ’S LONG-STANDING VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.“(a) Iraq’s Violations of International Law.—The Congress determines that—“(1) the Government of Iraq has demonstrated repeated and blatant disregard for its obligations under international law by violating the Charter of the United Nations, the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (done at Geneva, June 17, 1925), as well as other international treaties; “(2) the Government of Iraq is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights and is obligated under the Covenants, as well as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, to respect internationally recognized human rights; “(3) the State Department’s Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1989 again characterizes Iraq’s human rights record as ‘abysmal’; “(4) Amnesty International, Middle East Watch, and other independent human rights organizations have documented extensive, systematic, and continuing human rights abuses by the Government of Iraq, including summary executions, mass political killings, disappearances, widespread use of torture, arbitrary arrests and prolonged detention without trial of thousands of political opponents, forced relocation and deportation, denial of nearly all civil and political rights such as freedom of association, assembly, speech, and the press, and the imprisonment, torture, and execution of children; “(5) since 1987, the Government of Iraq has intensified its severe repression of the Kurdish minority of Iraq, deliberately destroyed more than 3,000 villages and towns in the Kurdish regions, and forcibly expelled more than 500,000 people, thus effectively depopulating the rural areas of Iraqi Kurdistan; “(6) Iraq has blatantly violated international law by initiating use of chemical weapons in the Iran-Iraq war; “(7) Iraq has also violated international law by using chemical weapons against its own Kurdish citizens, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths and more than 65,000 refugees; “(8) Iraq continues to expand its chemical weapons capability, and President Saddam Hussein has threatened to use chemical weapons against other nations; “(9) persuasive evidence exists that Iraq is developing biological weapons in violation of international law; “(10) there are strong indications that Iraq has taken steps to produce nuclear weapons and has attempted to smuggle from the United States, in violation of United States law, components for triggering devices used in nuclear warheads whose manufacture would contravene the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, to which Iraq is a party; and “(11) Iraqi President Saddam Hussein has threatened to use terrorism against other nations in violation of international law and has increased Iraq’s support for the Palestine Liberation Organization and other Palestinian groups that have conducted terrorist acts. “(b) Human Rights Violations.—The Congress determines that the Government of Iraq is engaged in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights. All provisions of law that impose sanctions against a country whose government is engaged in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights shall be fully enforced against Iraq. “(c) Support for International Terrorism.—(1) The Congress determines that Iraq is a country which has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism, a country which grants sanctuary from prosecution to individuals or groups which have committed an act of international terrorism, and a country which otherwise supports international terrorism. The provisions of law specified in paragraph (2) and all other provisions of law that impose sanctions against a country which has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism, which grants sanctuary from prosecution to an individual or group which has committed an act of international terrorism, or which otherwise supports international terrorism shall be fully enforced against Iraq. “(2) The provisions of law referred to in paragraph (1) are—“(A) section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2780]; “(B) section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2371]; “(C) sections 555 and 556 of this Act [104 Stat. 2021, 2022] (and the corresponding sections of predecessor foreign operations appropriations Acts); and “(D) section 555 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 [99 Stat. 227]. “(d) Multilateral Cooperation.—The Congress calls on the President to seek multilateral cooperation—“(1) to deny dangerous technologies to Iraq; “(2) to induce Iraq to respect internationally recognized human rights; and “(3) to induce Iraq to allow appropriate international humanitarian and human rights organizations to have access to Iraq and Kuwait, including the areas in northern Iraq traditionally inhabited by Kurds. “SEC. 586G. SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAQ.“(a) Imposition.—Except as provided in section 586H, the following sanctions shall apply with respect to Iraq:“(1) FMS sales.—The United States Government shall not enter into any sale with Iraq under the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.]. “(2) Commercial arms sales.—Licenses shall not be issued for the export to Iraq of any item on the United States Munitions List. “(3) Exports of certain goods and technology.—The authorities of [former] section 6 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2405) [former 50 U.S.C. 4605] shall be used to prohibit the export to Iraq of any goods or technology listed pursuant to that section or [former] section 5(c)(1) of that Act (50 U.S.C. App. 2404(c)(1)) [former 50 U.S.C. 4604(c)(1)] on the control list provided for in [former] section 4(b) of that Act (50 U.S.C. App. 2403(b)) [former 50 U.S.C. 4603(b)]. “(4) Nuclear equipment, materials, and technology.—“(A) NRC licenses.—The Nuclear Regulatory Commission shall not issue any license or other authorization under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 and following) for the export to Iraq of any source or special nuclear material, any production or utilization facility, any sensitive nuclear technology, any component, item, or substance determined to have significance for nuclear explosive purposes pursuant to section 109b. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2139(b)), or any other material or technology requiring such a license or authorization. “(B) Distribution of nuclear materials.—The authority of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 shall not be used to distribute any special nuclear material, source material, or byproduct material to Iraq. “(C) DOE authorizations.—The Secretary of Energy shall not provide a specific authorization under section 57b.(2) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2077(b)(2)) for any activity that would constitute directly or indirectly engaging in Iraq in activities that require a specific authorization under that section. “(5) Assistance from international financial institutions.—The United States shall oppose any loan or financial or technical assistance to Iraq by international financial institutions in accordance with section 701 of the International Financial Institutions Act (22 U.S.C. 262d). “(6) Assistance through the export-import bank.—Credits and credit guarantees through the Export-Import Bank of the United States shall be denied to Iraq. “(7) Assistance through the commodity credit corporation.—Credit, credit guarantees, and other assistance through the Commodity Credit Corporation shall be denied to Iraq. “(8) Foreign assistance.—All forms of assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 and following) other than emergency assistance for medical supplies and other forms of emergency humanitarian assistance, and under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 and following) shall be denied to Iraq. “(b) Contract Sanctity.—For purposes of the export controls imposed pursuant to subsection (a)(3), the date described in subsection (m)(1) of [former] section 6 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2405) [former 50 U.S.C. 4605] shall be deemed to be August 1, 1990. “SEC. 586H. WAIVER AUTHORITY.“(a) In General.—The President may waive the requirements of any paragraph of section 586G(a) if the President makes a certification under subsection (b) or subsection (c). “(b) Certification of Fundamental Changes in Iraqi Policies and Actions.—The authority of subsection (a) may be exercised 60 days after the President certifies to the Congress that—“(1) the Government of Iraq—“(A) has demonstrated, through a pattern of conduct, substantial improvement in its respect for internationally recognized human rights; “(B) is not acquiring, developing, or manufacturing (i) ballistic missiles, (ii) chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons, or (iii) components for such weapons; has forsworn the first use of such weapons; and is taking substantial and verifiable steps to destroy or otherwise dispose of any such missiles and weapons it possesses; and “(C) does not provide support for international terrorism; “(2) the Government of Iraq is in substantial compliance with its obligations under international law, including—“(A) the Charter of the United Nations; “(B) the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (done at New York, December 16, 1966) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (done at New York, December 16, 1966); “(C) the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (done at Paris, December 9, 1948); “(D) the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (done at Geneva, June 17, 1925); “(E) the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (done at Washington, London, and Moscow, July 1, 1968); and “(F) the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction (done at Washington, London, and Moscow, April 10, 1972); and “(3) the President has determined that it is essential to the national interests of the United States to exercise the authority of subsection (a). “(c) Certification of Fundamental Changes in Iraqi Leadership and Policies.—The authority of subsection (a) may be exercised 30 days after the President certifies to the Congress that—“(1) there has been a fundamental change in the leadership of the Government of Iraq; and “(2) the new Government of Iraq has provided reliable and credible assurance that—“(A) it respects internationally recognized human rights and it will demonstrate such respect through its conduct; “(B) it is not acquiring, developing, or manufacturing and it will not acquire, develop, or manufacture (i) ballistic missiles, (ii) chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons, or (iii) components for such weapons; has forsworn the first use of such weapons; and is taking substantial and verifiable steps to destroy or otherwise dispose of any such missiles and weapons it possesses; “(C) it is not and will not provide support for international terrorism; and “(D) it is and will continue to be in substantial compliance with its obligations under international law, including all the treaties specified in subparagraphs (A) through (F) of subsection (b)(2). “(d) Information To Be Included in Certifications.—Any certification under subsection (b) or (c) shall include the justification for each determination required by that subsection. The certification shall also specify which paragraphs of section 586G(a) the President will waive pursuant to that certification. “SEC. 586I. DENIAL OF LICENSES FOR CERTAIN EXPORTS TO COUNTRIES ASSISTING IRAQ’S ROCKET OR CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, OR NUCLEAR WEAPONS CAPABILITY.“(a) Restriction on Export Licenses.—None of the funds appropriated by this or any other Act may be used to approve the licensing for export of any supercomputer to any country whose government the President determines is assisting, or whose government officials the President determines are assisting, Iraq to improve its rocket technology or chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons capability. “(b) Negotiations.—The President is directed to begin immediate negotiations with those governments with which the United States has bilateral supercomputer agreements, including the Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of Japan, on conditions restricting the transfer to Iraq of supercomputer or associated technology. “SEC. 586J. REPORTS TO CONGRESS.“(a) Study and Report on the International Export to Iraq of Nuclear, Biological, Chemical, and Ballistic Missile Technology.—(1) The President shall conduct a study on the sale, export, and third party transfer or development of nuclear, biological, chemical, and ballistic missile technology to or with Iraq including—“(A) an identification of specific countries, as well as companies and individuals, both foreign and domestic, engaged in such sale or export of, nuclear, biological, chemical, and ballistic missile technology; “(B) a detailed description and analysis of the international supply, information, support, and coproduction network, individual, corporate, and state, responsible for Iraq’s current capability in the area of nuclear, biological, chemical, and ballistic missile technology; and “(C) a recommendation of standards and procedures against which to measure and verify a decision of the Government of Iraq to terminate the development, production, coproduction, and deployment of nuclear, biological, chemical, and offensive ballistic missile technology as well as the destruction of all existing facilities associated with such technologies. “(2) The President shall include in the study required by paragraph (1) specific recommendations on new mechanisms, to include, but not be limited to, legal, political, economic and regulatory, whereby the United States might contribute, in conjunction with its friends, allies, and the international community, to the management, control, or elimination of the threat of nuclear, biological, chemical, and ballistic missile proliferation. “(3) Not later than March 30, 1991, the President shall submit to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, a report, in both classified and unclassified form, setting forth the findings of the study required by paragraph (1) of this subsection. “(b) Study and Report on Iraq’s Offensive Military Capability.—(1) The President shall conduct a study on Iraq’s offensive military capability and its effect on the Middle East balance of power including an assessment of Iraq’s power projection capability, the prospects for another sustained conflict with Iran, joint Iraqi-Jordanian military cooperation, the threat Iraq’s arms transfer activities pose to United States allies in the Middle East, and the extension of Iraq’s political-military influence into Africa and Latin America. “(2) Not later than March 30, 1991, the President shall submit to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, a report, in both classified and unclassified form, setting forth the findings of the study required by paragraph (1). “(c) Report on Sanctions Taken by Other Nations Against Iraq.—(1) The President shall prepare a report on the steps taken by other nations, both before and after the August 2, 1990, invasion of Kuwait, to curtail the export of goods, services, and technologies to Iraq which might contribute to, or enhance, Iraq’s nuclear, biological, chemical, and ballistic missile capability. “(2) The President shall provide a complete accounting of international compliance with each of the sanctions resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council against Iraq since August 2, 1990, and shall list, by name, each country which to his knowledge, has provided any assistance to Iraq and the amount and type of that assistance in violation of each United Nations resolution. “(3) The President shall make every effort to encourage other nations, in whatever forum or context, to adopt sanctions toward Iraq similar to those contained in this section. “(4) Not later than every 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990], the President shall submit to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, a report in both classified and unclassified form, setting forth the findings of the study required by paragraph (1) of this subsection.”

[Provisions similar to section 586D of Pub. L. 101–513, set out above, relating to compliance with sanctions against Iraq were contained in the following appropriations acts:

[Pub. L. 108–7, div. E, title V, § 531, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 192.

[Pub. L. 107–115, title V, § 531, Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2150.

[Pub. L. 106–429, § 101(a) [title V, § 534], Nov. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 1900, 1900A–34.

[Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(2) [title V, § 534], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–93.

[Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(d) [title V, § 535], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–150, 2681–181.

[Pub. L. 105–118, title V, § 534, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2416.

[Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(c) [title V, § 533], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–121, 3009–152.

[Pub. L. 104–107, title V, § 534, Feb. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 734.

[Pub. L. 103–306, title V, § 538, Aug. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 1639.

[Pub. L. 103–87, title V, § 539, Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 957.

[Pub. L. 102–391, title V, § 573, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1683.]

Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, § 1458, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1697, provided that: “If the President considers that the taking of such action would promote the effectiveness of the economic sanctions of the United Nations and the United States imposed with respect to Iraq, and is consistent with the national interest, the President may prohibit, for such a period of time as he considers appropriate, the importation into the United States of any or all products of any foreign country that has not— “(1) prohibited—“(A) the importation of products of Iraq into its customs territory, and “(B) the export of its products to Iraq; or “(2) given assurances satisfactory to the President that such import and export sanctions will be promptly implemented.”

Iran Claims Settlement

Pub. L. 99–93, title V, Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 437, provided for the determination of the validity and amounts of claims by United States nationals against Iran which were settled en bloc by the United States.

Executive Documents

Suspending the Iraq Sanctions Act, Making Inapplicable Certain Statutory Provisions Related to Iraq, and Delegating Authorities, Under the Emergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2003

Determination of President of the United States, No. 2003–23, May 7, 2003, 68 F.R. 26459, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of State [and] the Secretary of Commerce

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including sections 1503 and 1504 of the Emergency Wartime Supplemental Act, 2003 [Emergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2003], Public Law 108–11 (the “Act”) [117 Stat. 579], and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby:

(1) suspend the application of all of the provisions, other than section 586E, of the Iraq Sanctions Act of 1990, Public Law 101–513 [set out above], and

(2) make inapplicable with respect to Iraq section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, Public Law 87–195, as amended [22 U.S.C. 2371] (the “FAA”), and any other provision of law that applies to countries that have supported terrorism.

In addition, I delegate the functions and authorities conferred upon the President by:

(1) section 1503 of the Act to submit reports to the designated committees of the Congress to the Secretary of Commerce, or until such time as the principal licensing responsibility for the export to Iraq of items on the Commerce Control List has reverted to the Department of Commerce, to the Secretary of the Treasury; and,

(2) section 1504 of the Act to the Secretary of State.

The functions and authorities delegated herein may be further delegated and redelegated to the extent consistent with applicable law.

The Secretary of State is authorized and directed to publish this determination in the Federal Register.

Ex. Ord. No. 13761. Recognizing Positive Actions by the Government of Sudan and Providing for the Revocation of Certain Sudan-Related Sanctions

Ex. Ord. No. 13761, Jan. 13, 2017, 82 F.R. 5331, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13804, § 1, July 11, 2017, 82 F.R. 32611, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7201–7211) (TSRA), the Comprehensive Peace in Sudan Act of 2004, as amended (Public Law 108–497) [formerly set out as a note above] (CPSA), the Darfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2006 (Public Law 109–344) (DPAA), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code,

I, BARACK OBAMA, President of the United States of America, find that the situation that gave rise to the actions taken in Executive Order 13067 of November 3, 1997, and Executive Order 13412 of October 13, 2006, related to the policies and actions of the Government of Sudan has been altered by Sudan’s positive actions over the past 6 months. These actions include a marked reduction in offensive military activity, culminating in a pledge to maintain a cessation of hostilities in conflict areas in Sudan, and steps toward the improvement of humanitarian access throughout Sudan, as well as cooperation with the United States on addressing regional conflicts and the threat of terrorism. Given these developments, and in order to see these efforts sustained and enhanced by the Government of Sudan, I hereby order:

Section 1. Effective October 12, 2017 and provided the criteria in section 12(b) of this order are met, sections 1 and 2 of Executive Order 13067 of November 3, 1997 [listed in a table below], are revoked, and Executive Order 13412 of October 13, 2006 [listed in a table below], is revoked in its entirety. The revocation of those provisions of Executive Order 13067 and of Executive Order 13412 shall not affect any violation of any rules, regulations, orders, licenses, or other forms of administrative action under those orders during the period that those provisions were in effect.

Sec. 2. Pursuant to section 908(a)(3) of TSRA, I hereby determine that it is in the national security interest of the United States to waive, and hereby waive, the application of section 908(a)(1) of TSRA with respect to Sudan.

Sec. 3. Pursuant to section 6(d) of CPSA, I hereby determine and certify that it is in the national interest of the United States to waive, and hereby waive, the application of sections 6(a) and (b) of CPSA.

Sec. 4. The function of the President under section 6(c)(1) of CPSA is assigned to the Secretary of the Treasury.

Sec. 5. The functions of the President under section 6(c)(2) and the last sentence of section 6(d) of CPSA are assigned to the Secretary of State, except that the function of denial of entry is assigned to the Secretary of Homeland Security.

Sec. 6. The function of the President under section 8 of DPAA is assigned to the Secretary of State.

Sec. 7. The Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Commerce are authorized to issue regulations, licenses, and orders, and conduct such investigations as may be necessary, to implement the provisions of section 906 of TSRA.

Sec. 8. This order is not intended to, and does not, otherwise affect the national emergency declared in Executive Order 13067 of November 3, 1997, as expanded in scope by Executive Order 13400 of April 26, 2006, which shall remain in place.

Sec. 9. This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Sec. 10. On or before October 12, 2017, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Director of National Intelligence, and the Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development, and based on a consideration of relevant and credible information from available sources, including nongovernmental organizations, shall provide to the President a report on whether the Government of Sudan has sustained the positive actions that gave rise to this order, including carrying out its pledge to maintain a cessation of hostilities in conflict areas in Sudan; continued improvement of humanitarian access throughout Sudan; and maintaining its cooperation with the United States on addressing regional conflicts and the threat of terrorism. As much of the report as possible, consistent with sources and methods, shall be unclassified and made public.

Sec. 11. [Revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13804, § 1(d), July 11, 2017, 82 F.R. 32611.]

Sec. 12. (a) This order is effective on January 13, 2017, except for sections 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of this order;

(b) Sections 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of this order are effective on October 12, 2017, provided that the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Director of National Intelligence, and the Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development, has published a notice in the Federal Register on or before that date, stating that the Government of Sudan has sustained the positive actions that gave rise to this order and that the Secretary of State has provided to the President the report described in section 10 of this order.

Promoting Accountability for Conflict-Related Sexual Violence

Memorandum of President of the United States, Nov. 28, 2022, 87 F.R. 74485, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to enhance United States policy and approach to prevent and respond to conflict-related sexual violence worldwide, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. Policy. Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) has devastating effects on individuals and communities, undermines peace and security, and prevents inclusive and sustainable development. Yet wherever conflicts or crises occur, sexual violence continues to be wielded as a tool or is a byproduct of armed conflict. Impunity for CRSV remains widespread, with accountability and justice the rare exception. For each rape reported in connection with a conflict, the United Nations estimates that 10 to 20 cases go undocumented, in part due to the impunity of perpetrators. Among the best ways to prevent CRSV worldwide are to advance global gender equity and equality and change harmful societal gender norms; prioritize prevention measures and locally-driven responses to all forms of gender-based violence, including through respect for human rights and international humanitarian law and equal protection under the law; and address impunity related to these brutal, yet often unreported, acts.

The United States does not accept CRSV as an inevitable cost of armed conflict and is committed to supporting survivors of this scourge by invoking all tools available, including legal, policy, diplomatic, and financial tools, to deter such violence, break the vicious cycle of impunity, and provide the necessary services to survivors. The United States has numerous frameworks, including laws and policies, through which to respond to and address CRSV, but more action is required to use them fully and in a manner that responds to the full scale of this problem. These efforts to address impunity and increase accountability for CRSV will complement a broader, holistic approach to preventing and responding to this scourge, which includes advancing gender equity and equality; prioritizing the immediate needs of survivors; and amplifying survivor voices in transitional justice, the provision of services, and peace and political processes.

It is the policy of the United States to fully exercise existing authorities to impose economic sanctions and implement visa restrictions in order to promote justice and accountability for acts of CRSV; devote the necessary resources to ensure regular coordination and reporting on CRSV incidents and to conduct training on CRSV issues more broadly, including to support the designation of sanctions targets; strengthen the implementation of other existing tools and authorities to promote accountability for CRSV, including the provision of United States security assistance; and broaden engagement with foreign partner governments to encourage the establishment and use of their own tools to promote justice and accountability.

Sec. 2. Advancing Accountability for Acts of CRSV through Existing Sanctions Authorities. (a) Executive Order 13818 of December 20, 2017 (Blocking the Property of Persons Involved in Serious Human Rights Abuse or Corruption) [listed in a table below], builds on and implements the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act, [subtitle F of title XII of div. A of] Public Law 114–328 (the “Act”) [22 U.S.C. 10101 et seq.], and authorizes the imposition of sanctions on persons, including both individuals and entities, responsible for or complicit in, or who have directly or indirectly engaged in, serious human rights abuse, as well as individuals who are or have been leaders or officials of an entity, including any government entity, that has engaged in, or which has members who have engaged in, serious human rights abuses relating to their tenure, among other things. It is the policy of the United States that an act of CRSV, committed by either state or non-state actors, may constitute a “serious human rights abuse” for purposes of designation under Executive Order 13818, as well as other similar authorities, and in furtherance of the policy reflected in the Act.

(b) In addition to the authorities described in subsection (a) of this section, many country-specific sanctions programs also contain criteria for the imposition of sanctions on persons engaged in or otherwise connected to activities that may include CRSV. For example, numerous sanctions programs, including country-specific programs related to Belarus, Burma, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Iran, Libya, Mali, Nicaragua, Somalia, North Korea, the Russian Federation, South Sudan, Syria, Venezuela, the Western Balkans, and Zimbabwe, include criteria for targeting certain abuses or violations of human rights, which may include CRSV depending on specific facts and circumstances. It is the policy of the United States to promote accountability for perpetrators of acts of CRSV through relevant existing sanctions authorities, where applicable, and to ensure that these authorities are used to the fullest extent possible to target perpetrators of acts of CRSV and their enablers.

(c) I hereby direct the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Attorney General, and the Director of National Intelligence to undertake the following actions, including by issuing guidance or regulations as appropriate:

(i) ensure equal consideration of and attention to acts of CRSV as the conduct supporting designation when identifying appropriate targets and compiling information necessary for the preparation of sanctions packages under applicable authorities, including those identified in this section; and

(ii) strengthen the capacity of executive departments and agencies (agencies) to collect, identify, assess, and share information on CRSV as appropriate, including by consulting with local civil society organizations, taking into account the importance of safely gathering information from survivors to support potential designations under existing sanctions authorities.

Sec. 3. Advancing Accountability for Acts of CRSV Through Additional Measures and Authorities. The United States is committed to using all available tools, including those pertaining to security assistance and visa eligibility, to prevent and respond to CRSV and promote accountability for perpetrators. Heads of agencies, including the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury, are directed to use existing authorities to the fullest extent possible to promote accountability for acts of CRSV, including considering acts of CRSV when assessing the potential application of existing laws and regulations, including, where appropriate, the laws known as the “Leahy Laws” (22 U.S.C. 2378d and 10 U.S.C. 362) and sections 7031(c) [8 U.S.C. 1182 note] and 7048(g) [136 Stat. 664] of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2022 (Div. K, Public Law 117–103, as carried forward by the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2023 (Div. A, Public Law 117–180)), as well as similar provisions in future acts.

Sec. 4. Building Coalitions of Like-Minded Nations and Engaging International Organizations in Promoting Accountability for Acts of CRSV. Bilateral relationships with allies and partners, as well as engagement in multilateral fora and our relationships with international organizations, are critical to promote justice and accountability for acts of CRSV and bring global attention to this issue. Agencies engaged abroad shall reinforce the work they have done and amplify efforts with other nations—bilaterally and within multilateral fora—and with international organizations to broaden the number of countries willing to support accountability for acts of CRSV and to strengthen policies and locally-driven programming in multilateral institutions, including efforts to address the immediate and long-term needs of survivors, to promote accountability and justice for acts of CRSV.

Sec. 5. Definition. For the purposes of this memorandum, the term “conflict-related sexual violence” (CRSV) refers to incidents or patterns of sexual violence that occur in conflict or post-conflict situations with a direct or indirect link to conflict. CRSV may include rape, sexual slavery, sex trafficking, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization, and any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity, against individuals of all gender identities. Depending on the circumstances, acts of CRSV can constitute war crimes, crimes against humanity, or acts of genocide, and therefore may constitute crimes that are punishable under international law.

Sec. 6. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(d) The Secretary of State is authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS DECLARING NATIONAL EMERGENCIES

Provisions relating to the exercise of Presidential authorities to declare national emergencies for unusual and extraordinary threats with respect to the actions of certain persons and countries are contained in the following:

Afghanistan (Taliban)

Ex. Ord. No. 13129, July 4, 1999, 64 F.R. 36759, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13268, July 2, 2002, 67 F.R. 44751.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 13129 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 30, 2001, 66 F.R. 35363.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 30, 2000, 65 F.R. 41549.

Ex. Ord. No. 13268, July 2, 2002, 67 F.R. 44751.

Ex. Ord. No. 14064, Feb. 11, 2022, 87 F.R. 8391.

Continuation of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 14064 was contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 3, 2023, 88 F.R. 7837.

Angola (UNITA)

Ex. Ord. No. 12865, Sept. 26, 1993, 58 F.R. 51005, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13298, May 6, 2003, 68 F.R. 24857.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12865 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 23, 2002, 67 F.R. 60105.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 24, 2001, 66 F.R. 49084.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 22, 2000, 65 F.R. 57721.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 21, 1999, 64 F.R. 51419.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 23, 1998, 63 F.R. 51509.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 24, 1997, 62 F.R. 50477.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 16, 1996, 61 F.R. 49047.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 18, 1995, 60 F.R. 48621.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 17, 1994, 59 F.R. 42749.

Ex. Ord. No. 13069, Dec. 12, 1997, 62 F.R. 65989, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13298, May 6, 2003, 68 F.R. 24857.

Ex. Ord. No. 13098, Aug. 18, 1998, 63 F.R. 44771, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13298, May 6, 2003, 68 F.R. 24857.

Ex. Ord. No. 13298, May 6, 2003, 68 F.R. 24857.

Belarus

Ex. Ord. No. 13405, June 16, 2006, 71 F.R. 35485.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 13405 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 12, 2023, 88 F.R. 39109.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 13, 2022, 87 F.R. 36047.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 8, 2021, 86 F.R. 31085.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 11, 2020, 85 F.R. 36137.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 13, 2019, 84 F.R. 27905.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 8, 2018, 83 F.R. 27287.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 13, 2017, 82 F.R. 27605.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 10, 2016, 81 F.R. 38879.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 10, 2015, 80 F.R. 34021.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 10, 2014, 79 F.R. 33847.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 13, 2013, 78 F.R. 36081.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 14, 2012, 77 F.R. 36113.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 14, 2011, 76 F.R. 35093.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 8, 2010, 75 F.R. 32841.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 12, 2009, 74 F.R. 28437.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 6, 2008, 73 F.R. 32981.

Notice of President of the United States, dated June 14, 2007, 72 F.R. 33381.

Ex. Ord. No. 14038, Aug. 9, 2021, 86 F.R. 43905.

Burma

Ex. Ord. No. 13047, May 20, 1997, 62 F.R. 28301, sections 1 to 7 of which were revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13310, § 12, July 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 44855, to the extent inconsistent with Ex. Ord. No. 13310; revoked in full by Ex. Ord. No. 13742, Oct. 7, 2016, 81 F.R. 70593.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 13047 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 17, 2016, 81 F.R. 31487.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 15, 2015, 80 F.R. 28805.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 15, 2014, 79 F.R. 28807.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 2, 2013, 78 F.R. 26231.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 17, 2012, 77 F.R. 29851.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 16, 2011, 76 F.R. 28883.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 13, 2010, 75 F.R. 27629.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 14, 2009, 74 F.R. 23287.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 16, 2008, 73 F.R. 29035.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 17, 2007, 72 F.R. 28447.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 18, 2006, 71 F.R. 29239.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 17, 2005, 70 F.R. 28771.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 17, 2004, 69 F.R. 29041.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 16, 2003, 68 F.R. 27425.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 16, 2002, 67 F.R. 35423.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 15, 2001, 66 F.R. 27443.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 18, 2000, 65 F.R. 32005.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 18, 1999, 64 F.R. 27443.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 18, 1998, 63 F.R. 27661.

Ex. Ord. No. 13310, July 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 44853, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13651, § 2, Aug. 6, 2013, 78 F.R. 48793, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13742, Oct. 7, 2016, 81 F.R. 70593.

Ex. Ord. No. 13448, Oct. 18, 2007, 72 F.R. 60223, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13619, § 2(b), July 11, 2012, 77 F.R. 41244, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13742, Oct. 7, 2016, 81 F.R. 70593.

Ex. Ord. No. 13464, Apr. 30, 2008, 73 F.R. 24491, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13619, § 2(a), July 11, 2012, 77 F.R. 41244, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13742, Oct. 7, 2016, 81 F.R. 70593.

Ex. Ord. No. 13619, July 11, 2012, 77 F.R. 41243, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13742, Oct. 7, 2016, 81 F.R. 70593.

Ex. Ord. No. 13651, Aug. 6, 2013, 78 F.R. 48793, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13742, Oct. 7, 2016, 81 F.R. 70593.

Ex. Ord. No. 13742, Oct. 7, 2016, 81 F.R. 70593.

Ex. Ord. No. 14014, Feb. 10, 2021, 86 F.R. 9429.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 14014 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 6, 2023, 88 F.R. 8205.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 7, 2022, 87 F.R. 7677.

Burundi

Ex. Ord. No. 13712, Nov. 22, 2015, 80 F.R. 73633, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14054, Nov. 18, 2021, 86 F.R. 66149.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 13712 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 2020, 85 F.R. 72893.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 19, 2019, 84 F.R. 64191.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 16, 2018, 83 F.R. 58461.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 6, 2017, 82 F.R. 51967.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 9, 2016, 81 F.R. 79989.

Ex. Ord. No. 14054, Nov. 18, 2021, 86 F.R. 66149.

Central African Republic

Ex. Ord. No. 13667, May 12, 2014, 79 F.R. 28387.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 13667 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 10, 2023, 88 F.R. 30637.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 9, 2022, 87 F.R. 29019.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 6, 2021, 86 F.R. 25795.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 7, 2020, 85 F.R. 27641.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 8, 2019, 84 F.R. 20539.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 10, 2018, 83 F.R. 22175.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 9, 2017, 82 F.R. 21911.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 9, 2016, 81 F.R. 29469.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 8, 2015, 80 F.R. 27067.

Colombia

Ex. Ord. No. 12978, Oct. 21, 1995, 60 F.R. 54579, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13286, § 22, Feb. 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 10624.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12978 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 17, 2023, 88 F.R. 72345.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 12, 2022, 87 F.R. 62279.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 12, 2021, 86 F.R. 57319.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 19, 2020, 85 F.R. 66871.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 15, 2019, 84 F.R. 55857.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 17, 2018, 83 F.R. 52941.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 16, 2017, 82 F.R. 48607.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 18, 2016, 81 F.R. 72679.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 19, 2015, 80 F.R. 63665.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 16, 2014, 79 F.R. 62795.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 16, 2013, 78 F.R. 62341.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 17, 2012, 77 F.R. 64221.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 19, 2011, 76 F.R. 65355.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 14, 2010, 75 F.R. 64109.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 16, 2009, 74 F.R. 53879.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 16, 2008, 73 F.R. 62433.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 18, 2007, 72 F.R. 59473.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 19, 2006, 71 F.R. 62053.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 19, 2005, 70 F.R. 61209.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 19, 2004, 69 F.R. 61733.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 16, 2003, 68 F.R. 60023.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 16, 2002, 67 F.R. 64307.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 16, 2001, 66 F.R. 53073.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 19, 2000, 65 F.R. 63193.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 19, 1999, 64 F.R. 56667.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 19, 1998, 63 F.R. 56079.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 17, 1997, 62 F.R. 54561.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 16, 1996, 61 F.R. 54531.

Communist Chinese Military Companies

Ex. Ord. No. 13959, Nov. 12, 2020, 85 F.R. 73185, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13974, §§ 1–3, Jan. 13, 2021, 86 F.R. 4875, 4876, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14032, § 4, June 3, 2021, 86 F.R. 30147; Ex. Ord. No. 14032, §§ 1–3, June 3, 2021, 86 F.R. 30145, 30146.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 13959 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 3, 2023, 88 F.R. 76987.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 8, 2022, 87 F.R. 68017.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 9, 2021, 86 F.R. 62711.

Côte d’Ivoire

Ex. Ord. No. 13396, Feb. 7, 2006, 71 F.R. 7389, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13739, Sept. 14, 2016, 81 F.R. 63673.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 13396 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 3, 2016, 81 F.R. 6157.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 4, 2015, 80 F.R. 6647.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 4, 2014, 79 F.R. 7047.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 4, 2013, 78 F.R. 8955.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 3, 2012, 77 F.R. 5985.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 26, 2011, 76 F.R. 5053.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 2, 2010, 75 F.R. 5675.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 4, 2009, 74 F.R. 6349.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 5, 2008, 73 F.R. 7185.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 5, 2007, 72 F.R. 5593.

Ex. Ord. No. 13739, Sept. 14, 2016, 81 F.R. 63673.

Countries and Persons Committing or Supporting Terrorism

Ex. Ord. No. 12947, Jan. 23, 1995, 60 F.R. 5079, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13099, §§ 1, 2, Aug. 20, 1998, 63 F.R. 45167; Ex. Ord. No. 13372, § 2, Feb. 16, 2005, 70 F.R. 8499, revoked by Ex. Ord. 13886, Sept. 9, 2019, 84 F.R. 48041.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12947 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 16, 2019, 84 F.R. 127.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 17, 2018, 83 F.R. 2731.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 13, 2017, 82 F.R. 6165.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 20, 2016, 81 F.R. 3937.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 21, 2015, 80 F.R. 3461.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 21, 2014, 79 F.R. 3721.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 17, 2013, 78 F.R. 4303.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 19, 2012, 77 F.R. 3067.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 13, 2011, 76 F.R. 3009.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 20, 2010, 75 F.R. 3845.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 15, 2009, 74 F.R. 3961.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 18, 2008, 73 F.R. 3859.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 18, 2007, 72 F.R. 2595.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 18, 2006, 71 F.R. 3407.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 17, 2005, 70 F.R. 3277.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 16, 2004, 69 F.R. 2991.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 20, 2003, 68 F.R. 3161.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 18, 2002, 67 F.R. 3033.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 19, 2001, 66 F.R. 7371.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 19, 2000, 65 F.R. 3581.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 20, 1999, 64 F.R. 3393.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 21, 1998, 63 F.R. 3445.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 21, 1997, 62 F.R. 3439.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 18, 1996, 61 F.R. 1695.

Ex. Ord. No. 13224, Sept. 23, 2001, 66 F.R. 49079, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13268, § 1, July 2, 2002, 67 F.R. 44751; Ex. Ord. No. 13284, § 4, Jan. 23, 2003, 68 F.R. 4075; Ex. Ord. No. 13372, § 1, Feb. 16, 2005, 70 F.R. 8499; Ex. Ord. No. 13886, §§ 1, 2, Sept. 9, 2019, 84 F.R. 48041, 48042.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 13224 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 7, 2023, 88 F.R. 62439.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 19, 2022, 87 F.R. 57569.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 15, 2021, 86 F.R. 52069.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 18, 2020, 85 F.R. 59641.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 19, 2019, 84 F.R. 49633.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 19, 2018, 83 F.R. 47799.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 18, 2017, 82 F.R. 43825.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 15, 2016, 81 F.R. 64343.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 18, 2015, 80 F.R. 57281.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 17, 2014, 79 F.R. 56475.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 18, 2013, 78 F.R. 58151.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 11, 2012, 77 F.R. 56519.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 21, 2011, 76 F.R. 59001.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 16, 2010, 75 F.R. 57159.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 21, 2009, 74 F.R. 48359.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 18, 2008, 73 F.R. 54489.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 20, 2007, 72 F.R. 54205.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 21, 2006, 71 F.R. 55725.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 21, 2005, 70 F.R. 55703.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 21, 2004, 69 F.R. 56923.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 18, 2003, 68 F.R. 55189.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 19, 2002, 67 F.R. 59447.

Ex. Ord. No. 13372, Feb. 16, 2005, 70 F.R. 8499.

Countries and Persons Interfering in United States Elections

Ex. Ord. No. 13848, Sept. 12, 2018, 83 F.R. 46843.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 13848 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 7, 2023, 88 F.R. 62437.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 7, 2022, 87 F.R. 55681.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 7, 2021, 86 F.R. 50601.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 10, 2020, 85 F.R. 56469.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 10, 2019, 84 F.R. 48039.

Countries and Persons Proliferating Weapons of Mass Destruction

Ex. Ord. No. 12735, Nov. 16, 1990, 55 F.R. 48587, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12938, § 10, Nov. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 59099.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12735 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 1993, 58 F.R. 60361.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 11, 1992, 57 F.R. 53979.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 14, 1991, 56 F.R. 58171.

Ex. Ord. No. 12868, Sept. 30, 1993, 58 F.R. 51749, revoked, with savings provision, by Ex. Ord. No. 12930, § 3, Sept. 29, 1994, 59 F.R. 50475.

Ex. Ord. No. 12930, Sept. 29, 1994, 59 F.R. 50475, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12938, § 10, Nov. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 59099.

Ex. Ord. No. 12938, Nov. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 59099, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13094, § 1, July 28, 1998, 63 F.R. 40803; Ex. Ord. No. 13128, June 25, 1999, 64 F.R. 34704; Ex. Ord. No. 13382, § 4, June 28, 2005, 70 F.R. 38568.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12938 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 1, 2023, 88 F.R. 75475.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 8, 2022, 87 F.R. 68015.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 10, 2021, 86 F.R. 62891.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 2020, 85 F.R. 72897.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 2019, 84 F.R. 61817.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 8, 2018, 83 F.R. 56253.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 6, 2017, 82 F.R. 51971.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 8, 2016, 81 F.R. 79379.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 2015, 80 F.R. 70667.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 7, 2014, 79 F.R. 67035.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 7, 2013, 78 F.R. 67289.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 1, 2012, 77 F.R. 66513.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 9, 2011, 76 F.R. 70319.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 6, 2009, 74 F.R. 58187.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 10, 2008, 73 F.R. 67097.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 8, 2007, 72 F.R. 63963.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 27, 2006, 71 F.R. 64109.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 25, 2005, 70 F.R. 62027.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 4, 2004, 69 F.R. 64637.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 29, 2003, 68 F.R. 62209.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 6, 2002, 67 F.R. 68493.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 9, 2001, 66 F.R. 56965.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 9, 2000, 65 F.R. 68063.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 10, 1999, 64 F.R. 61767.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 1998, 63 F.R. 63589.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 1997, 62 F.R. 60993.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 1996, 61 F.R. 58309.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 8, 1995, 60 F.R. 57137.

Ex. Ord. No. 13382, June 28, 2005, 70 F.R. 38567.

Countries and Persons Threatening United States Export Regulation Upon Expiration of the Export Administration Act of 1979

Ex. Ord. No. 12444, Oct. 14, 1983, 48 F.R. 48215, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12451, Dec. 20, 1983, 48 F.R. 56563.

Ex. Ord. No. 12451, Dec. 20, 1983, 48 F.R. 56563.

Ex. Ord. No. 12470, Mar. 30, 1984, 49 F.R. 13099, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12525, July 12, 1985, 50 F.R. 28757.

Continuation of emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12470 was contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 28, 1985, 50 F.R. 12513.

Ex. Ord. No. 12525, July 12, 1985, 50 F.R. 28757.

Ex. Ord. No. 12730, Sept. 30, 1990, 55 F.R. 40373, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12867, § 1, Sept. 30, 1993, 58 F.R. 51747.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12730 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 25, 1992, 57 F.R. 44649.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 26, 1991, 56 F.R. 49385.

Ex. Ord. No. 12867, Sept. 30, 1993, 58 F.R. 51747.

Ex. Ord. No. 12923, June 30, 1994, 59 F.R. 34551, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12924, § 4, Aug. 19, 1994, 59 F.R. 43438.

Ex. Ord. No. 12924, Aug. 19, 1994, 59 F.R. 43437, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13206, § 1, Apr. 4, 2001, 66 F.R. 18397.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12924 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 3, 2000, 65 F.R. 48347.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 10, 1999, 64 F.R. 44101.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 13, 1998, 63 F.R. 44121.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 13, 1997, 62 F.R. 43629.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 14, 1996, 61 F.R. 42527.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 15, 1995, 60 F.R. 42767.

Ex. Ord. No. 13206, Apr. 4, 2001, 66 F.R. 18397.

Ex. Ord. No. 13222, Aug. 17, 2001, 66 F.R. 44025, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13637, § 5, Mar. 8, 2013, 78 F.R. 16131.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 13222 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 14, 2023, 88 F.R. 55549.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 4, 2022, 87 F.R. 48077.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 6, 2021, 86 F.R. 43901.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 13, 2020, 85 F.R. 49939.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 14, 2019, 84 F.R. 41881.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 8, 2018, 83 F.R. 39871.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 15, 2017, 82 F.R. 39005.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 4, 2016, 81 F.R. 52587.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 7, 2015, 80 F.R. 48233.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 7, 2014, 79 F.R. 46959.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 8, 2013, 78 F.R. 49107.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 15, 2012, 77 F.R. 49699.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 12, 2011, 76 F.R. 50661.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 12, 2010, 75 F.R. 50681.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 13, 2009, 74 F.R. 41325.

Notice of President of the United States, dated July 23, 2008, 73 F.R. 43603.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 15, 2007, 72 F.R. 46137.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 3, 2006, 71 F.R. 44551.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 2, 2005, 70 F.R. 45273.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 6, 2004, 69 F.R. 48763.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 7, 2003, 68 F.R. 47833.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Aug. 14, 2002, 67 F.R. 53721.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Ex. Ord. No. 13413, Oct. 27, 2006, 71 F.R. 64105, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13671, §§ 1–3, July 8, 2014, 79 F.R. 39949, 39950.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 13413 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 24, 2023, 88 F.R. 73753.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 13, 2022, 87 F.R. 62975.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 25, 2021, 86 F.R. 59277.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 23, 2020, 85 F.R. 67963.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 22, 2019, 84 F.R. 56927.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 25, 2018, 83 F.R. 54227.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 23, 2017, 82 F.R. 49275.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 21, 2016, 81 F.R. 74277.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 21, 2015, 80 F.R. 65119.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 21, 2014, 79 F.R. 63495.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 23, 2013, 78 F.R. 64151.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 24, 2012, 77 F.R. 65251.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 25, 2011, 76 F.R. 66599.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 22, 2010, 75 F.R. 65935.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 20, 2009, 74 F.R. 54741.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 22, 2008, 73 F.R. 63619.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 24, 2007, 72 F.R. 61045.

Ex. Ord. No. 13671, July 8, 2014, 79 F.R. 39949.

Ethiopia

Ex. Ord. No. 14046, Sept. 17, 2021, 86 F.R. 52389.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 14046 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 7, 2023, 88 F.R. 62435.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 9, 2022, 87 F.R. 55899.

Haiti

Ex. Ord. No. 12775, Oct. 4, 1991, 56 F.R. 50641, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12932, Oct. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 52403.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12775 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 30, 1994, 59 F.R. 50479.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 30, 1993, 58 F.R. 51563.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 30, 1992, 57 F.R. 45557.

Ex. Ord. No. 12779, Oct. 28, 1991, 56 F.R. 55975, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12932, Oct. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 52403.

Ex. Ord. No. 12853, June 30, 1993, 58 F.R. 35843, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12932, Oct. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 52403.

Ex. Ord. No. 12872, Oct. 18, 1993, 58 F.R. 54029, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12932, Oct. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 52403.

Ex. Ord. No. 12914, May 7, 1994, 59 F.R. 24339, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12932, Oct. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 52403.

Ex. Ord. No. 12917, May 21, 1994, 59 F.R. 26925, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12932, Oct. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 52403.

Ex. Ord. No. 12920, June 10, 1994, 59 F.R. 30501, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12932, Oct. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 52403.

Ex. Ord. No. 12922, June 21, 1994, 59 F.R. 32645, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12932, Oct. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 52403.

Ex. Ord. No. 12932, Oct. 14, 1994, 59 F.R. 52403.

Information and Communications Technology and Services

Ex. Ord. No. 13873, May 15, 2019, 84 F.R. 22689.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 13873 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 10, 2023, 88 F.R. 30635.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 12, 2022, 87 F.R. 29645.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 11, 2021, 86 F.R. 26339.

Notice of President of the United States, dated May 13, 2020, 85 F.R. 29321.

Ex. Ord. No. 13942, Aug. 6, 2020, 85 F.R. 48637, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14034, § 1, June 9, 2021, 86 F.R. 31424.

Ex. Ord. No. 13943, Aug. 6, 2020, 85 F.R. 48641, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14034, § 1, June 9, 2021, 86 F.R. 31424.

Ex. Ord. No. 13971, Jan. 5, 2021, 86 F.R. 1249, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14034, § 1, June 9, 2021, 86 F.R. 31424.

Ex. Ord. No. 14034, June 9, 2021, 86 F.R. 31423.

International Criminal Court

Ex. Ord. No. 13928, June 11, 2020, 85 F.R. 36139, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14022, Apr. 1, 2021, 86 F.R. 17895.

Iran

Ex. Ord. No. 12170, Nov. 14, 1979, 44 F.R. 65729.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12170 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 7, 2023, 88 F.R. 77489.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 8, 2022, 87 F.R. 68013.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 9, 2021, 86 F.R. 62709.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 2020, 85 F.R. 72895.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 2019, 84 F.R. 61815.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 8, 2018, 83 F.R. 56251.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 6, 2017, 82 F.R. 51969.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 3, 2016, 81 F.R. 78495.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 10, 2015, 80 F.R. 70663.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 2014, 79 F.R. 68091.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 2013, 78 F.R. 68323.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 9, 2012, 77 F.R. 67741.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 7, 2011, 76 F.R. 70035.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 10, 2010, 75 F.R. 69569.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 2009, 74 F.R. 58841.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 10, 2008, 73 F.R. 67357.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 8, 2007, 72 F.R. 63965.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 9, 2006, 71 F.R. 66227.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 9, 2005, 70 F.R. 69039.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 9, 2004, 69 F.R. 65513.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 2003, 68 F.R. 64489.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 2002, 67 F.R. 68929.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 9, 2001, 66 F.R. 56966.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 9, 2000, 65 F.R. 68061.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 5, 1999, 64 F.R. 61471.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 9, 1998, 63 F.R. 63125.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Sept. 30, 1997, 62 F.R. 51591.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 29, 1996, 61 F.R. 56107.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 31, 1995, 60 F.R. 55651.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 31, 1994, 59 F.R. 54785.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 1, 1993, 58 F.R. 58639.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 25, 1992, 57 F.R. 48719.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 12, 1991, 56 F.R. 57791.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 9, 1990, 55 F.R. 47453.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Oct. 30, 1989, 54 F.R. 46043.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 8, 1988, 53 F.R. 45750.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 10, 1987, 52 F.R. 43549.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 10, 1986, 51 F.R. 41067.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 1, 1985, 50 F.R. 45901.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 7, 1984, 49 F.R. 44741.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Nov. 8, 1982, 47 F.R. 50841.

Ex. Ord. No. 12205, Apr. 7, 1980, 45 F.R. 24099, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12211, Apr. 17, 1980, 45 F.R. 26685, of which provisions related to prohibitions contained therein were revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12282, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7925.

Ex. Ord. No. 12211, Apr. 17, 1980, 45 F.R. 26685, of which provisions related to prohibitions contained therein were revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12282, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7925.

Ex. Ord. No. 12276, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7913.

Ex. Ord. No. 12277, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7915.

Ex. Ord. No. 12278, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7917.

Ex. Ord. No. 12279, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7919.

Ex. Ord. No. 12280, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7921.

Ex. Ord. No. 12281, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7923.

Ex. Ord. No. 12282, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7925.

Ex. Ord. No. 12283, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7927.

Ex. Ord. No. 12284, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7929.

Ex. Ord. No. 12285, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7931, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12307, June 4, 1981, 46 F.R. 30483; Ex. Ord. No. 12317, Aug. 14, 1981, 46 F.R. 42241, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12379, § 21, Aug. 17, 1982, 47 F.R. 36100, listed in a table under section 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Ex. Ord. No. 12294, Feb. 24, 1981, 46 F.R. 14111.

Ex. Ord. No. 12613, Oct. 29, 1987, 52 F.R. 41940, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13059, § 7, Aug. 19, 1997, 62 F.R. 44533.

Ex. Ord. No. 12957, Mar. 15, 1995, 60 F.R. 14615, sections 1 and 2 of which were revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12959, § 5, May 6, 1995, 60 F.R. 24758, to the extent inconsistent with Ex. Ord. No. 12959.

Continuations of national emergency declared by Ex. Ord. No. 12957 were contained in the following:

Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 10, 2023, 88 F.R. 15595.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 3, 2022, 87 F.R. 12555.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 5, 2021, 86 F.R. 13621.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 12, 2020, 85 F.R. 14731.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 12, 2019, 84 F.R. 9219.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 12, 2018, 83 F.R. 11393.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 13, 2017, 82 F.R. 6187.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 9, 2016, 81 F.R. 12793.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 11, 2015, 80 F.R. 13471.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 12, 2014, 79 F.R. 14607.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 12, 2013, 78 F.R. 16397.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 13, 2012, 77 F.R. 15229.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 8, 2011, 76 F.R. 13283.

Notice of President of the United States, dated Mar. 10, 2010, 75 F.R. 12117.