Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 3/2014 of 24 October 2013 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to vehicle functional safety requirements for the approval of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles Text with EEA relevance

• 3.3. Protection against electrolyte spills.

Electrolyte shall not spill from the vehicle when the vehicle is tilted in any direction, leaned left or right against the ground or even when the REESS is put upside-down.

In case electrolyte is spilled from the REESS or its components due to other reasons, it shall not reach the driver nor any person on or around the vehicle during normal conditions of use, parked condition (i.e. also when the vehicle is parked on a slope) or any other normal functional operation.

• 3.4. Accidental or unintentional detachment.

The REESS and its components shall be installed in the vehicle in such a way so as to preclude the possibility of inadvertent or unintentional detachment or ejection of the REESS.

The REESS and its components shall not be ejected when the vehicle is tilted in any direction, leaned left or right against the ground or even when the REESS is put upside-down

• 1. In-use safety requirements

4.1.   Propulsion system power-on and power-off procedure

• 4.1.1. At the start-up, including system power-on, in order to select the active driving possible mode, at least two deliberate and distinctive actions shall be performed by the driver.

• 4.1.2. At least a momentary indication shall be given to the rider when the vehicle is switched in active driving possible mode, however, this provision does not apply under conditions where an internal combustion engine provides directly or indirectly the vehicle’s propulsion power.

• 4.1.3. When leaving the vehicle, the rider shall be informed by a signal (e.g. optical or audible signal) if the vehicle is still in the active driving possible mode.

• 4.1.4. If the on-board REESS can be externally charged by the driver, vehicle movement by its own propulsion system shall be impossible as long as the connector of the external electric power supply is physically connected to the vehicle inlet. For vehicles of category L1e with a mass in running order ≤ 35 kg vehicle movement by its own propulsion system shall be inhibited as long as the connector of the battery charger is physically connected to the external electric power supply. Compliance with this requirement shall be demonstrated by using the connector or battery charger specified by the vehicle manufacturer. In case of permanently connected charge cables, the requirement above is deemed to be met when use of the charge cable obviously prevents the use of the vehicle (e.g. cable is always routed over operator controls, rider's saddle, driver's seat, handle bar or steering wheel, or the seat covering the cable storage space needs to remain in open position).

• 4.1.5. If a vehicle is equipped with a drive direction control unit (i.e. reversing device) the state of this unit shall be identified to the rider.

• 4.1.6. It is permitted that only one action is required to deactivate the active driving possible mode or to complete the power-off procedure.

4.2.   Driving with reduced power

4.2.1.   Indication of reduced power

If the electric propulsion system is equipped with a means to automatically reduce the vehicle propulsion power (e.g. powertrain malfunction operating mode), significant reductions shall be indicated to the rider.

4.2.2.   Indication of low energy content of REESS

If the state of charge in the REESS has a significant impact on vehicle driving performance (i.e. acceleration and drivability, to be evaluated by the Technical Service together with the vehicle manufacturer), a low energy content shall be indicated to the rider by an obvious device (e.g. a visual or audible signal). The indication used for point 4.2.1 shall not be used for this purpose.

4.3.   Driving backwards

It shall not be possible to activate the vehicle reverse control function in an uncontrolled manner whilst the vehicle is in forward motion, insofar as such activation could cause a sudden and strong deceleration or wheel lock. However, it may be possible for the vehicle reverse control function to be activated in such a way that it may slow down the vehicle gradually.

4.4.   Determination of hydrogen emissions

• 4.4.1. This verification shall be carried out on all vehicle types equipped with open type traction batteries and all requirements shall be met.

• 4.4.2. Vehicles shall be equipped with on-board chargers. The tests shall be conducted following the method described in Annex 7 to UNECE regulation No 100 ([^E0010]). The hydrogen sampling and analysis shall be the ones as prescribed, however, other analysis methods may be used provided that it can be demonstrated that these give equivalent results.

• 4.4.3. During a normal charge procedure under the conditions given in Annex 7 to UNECE regulation No 100, hydrogen emissions shall be < 125 g measured over 5 hours, or below (25 × t2) (g) during t2 (h).

• 4.4.4. During a charge carried out by an on-board charger presenting a failure (conditions given in Annex 7 to UNECE regulation No 100), hydrogen emissions shall be below 42 g. Furthermore the on-board charger shall limit this possible failure to 30 minutes.

• 4.4.5. All the operations linked to the REESS charging shall be controlled automatically, included the stop for charging.

• 4.4.6. It shall not be possible to manually override the charging phases.

• 4.4.7. Normal operations of connection and disconnection to the mains or power cuts shall not affect the control system of the charging phases.

• 4.4.8. Charging failures that can lead to a malfunction of the on-board charger during subsequent charging procedures shall be permanently signalled to the driver or clearly indicated to the operator about to commence a charging procedure.

• 4.4.9. Detailed instructions concerning the charging procedure and a statement of conformity to the requirements as set out in points 4.4.1 to 4.4.8 shall be included in the vehicle’s instruction manual.

• 4.4.10. Test results obtained from other vehicle types common to those within the same family, in accordance with the provisions laid down in Appendix 2 of Annex 7 to regulation No 100, may be applied.

Appendix 1

Isolation resistance measurement method for vehicle based test

1. General

The isolation resistance for each high voltage bus of the vehicle shall be measured or shall be determined by calculation using measurement values from each part or component unit of a high voltage bus (hereinafter referred to as the ‘divided measurement’).

2. Measurement method

The isolation resistance measurement shall be conducted by selecting an appropriate measurement method from among those listed in points 2.1 to 2.2, depending on the electrical charge of the live parts or the isolation resistance, etc.

The range of the electrical circuit to be measured shall be clarified in advance, using electrical circuit diagrams, etc.

Moreover, modification necessary for measuring the isolation resistance may be carried out, such as removal of the cover in order to reach the live parts, drawing of measurement lines, change in software, etc.

In cases where the measured values are not stable due to the operation of the on-board isolation resistance monitoring system, etc., necessary modification for conducting the measurement may be carried out, such as stopping of the operation of the device concerned or removing it. Furthermore, when the device is removed, it shall be proven, using drawings, etc., that it will not change the isolation resistance between the live parts and the electrical chassis.

Utmost care shall be exercised as to short circuit, electric shock, etc., for this confirmation might require direct operations of the high-voltage circuit.

2.1.   Measurement method using voltage from off-vehicle sources

2.1.1.   Measurement instrument

An isolation resistance test instrument capable of applying a DC voltage higher than the working voltage of the high voltage bus shall be used.

2.1.2.   Measurement method

An insulator resistance test instrument shall be connected between the live parts and the electrical chassis. Then, the isolation resistance shall be measured by applying a DC voltage at least half of the working voltage of the high voltage bus.

If the system has several voltage ranges (e.g. because of boost converter) in galvanically connected circuit and some of the components cannot withstand the working voltage of the entire circuit, the isolation resistance between those components and the electrical chassis can be measured separately by applying at least half of their own working voltage with those component disconnected.

2.2.   Measurement method using the vehicle’s own REESS as DC voltage source

2.2.1.   Test vehicle conditions

The high voltage-bus shall be energised by the vehicle’s own REESS and/or energy conversion system and the voltage level of the REESS and/or energy conversion system throughout the test shall be at least the nominal operating voltage as specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

2.2.2.   Measurement instrument

The voltmeter used in this test shall measure DC values and shall have an internal resistance of at least 10 MΩ.

2.2.3.   Measurement method

2.2.3.1.   First step

The voltage is measured as shown in Figure 4-Ap1-1 and the high voltage bus voltage (Vb) is recorded. Vb shall be equal to or greater than the nominal operating voltage of the REESS and/or energy conversion system as specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

Figure 4-Ap1-1

Measurement of Vb, V1, V2

Image omitted; see official source

2.2.3.2.   Second step

Measure and record the voltage (V1) between the negative side of the high voltage bus and the electrical chassis (see Figure 4-Ap1-1).

2.2.3.3.   Third step

Measure and record the voltage (V2) between the positive side of the high voltage bus and the electrical chassis (see Figure 4-Ap1-1).

2.2.3.4.   Fourth step

If V1 is greater than or equal to V2, insert a standard known resistance (Ro) between the negative side of the high voltage bus and the electrical chassis. With Ro installed, measure the voltage (V1’) between the negative side of the high voltage bus and the electrical chassis (see Figure 4-Ap1-2).

Calculate the electrical isolation (Ri) according to the following formula:

Image omitted; see official source

or

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 4-Ap1-2

Measurement of V1’

Image omitted; see official source

If V2 is greater than V1, insert a standard known resistance (Ro) between the positive side of the high voltage bus and the electrical chassis. With Ro installed, measure the voltage (V2’) between the positive side of the high voltage bus and the electrical chassis (see Figure 4-Ap1-3). Calculate the electrical isolation (Ri) according to the formula shown. Divide this electrical isolation value (in Ω) by the nominal operating voltage of the high voltage bus (in V).

Calculate the electrical isolation (Ri) according to the following formula:

Image omitted; see official source

or

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 4-Ap1-3

Measurement of V2’

Image omitted; see official source

2.2.3.5.   Fifth step

The electrical isolation value Ri (in Ω) divided by the working voltage of the high voltage bus (in volts) results in the isolation resistance (in Ω/V).

Note: The standard known resistance Ro (in Ω) should be the value of the minimum required isolation resistance (in Ω/V) multiplied by the working voltage of the vehicle plus/minus 20 per cent (in V). Ro is not required to be precisely this value since the equations are valid for any Ro; however, a Ro value in this range should provide good resolution for the voltage measurements.

Appendix 2

Confirmation method for function of on-board isolation resistance monitoring system

• 1.The function of the on-board isolation resistance monitoring system shall be confirmed by the following method:

• Insert a resistor that does not cause the isolation resistance between the terminal being monitored and the electrical chassis to drop below the minimum required isolation resistance value. The warning shall be activated.

Appendix 3

Protection against direct contacts of parts under voltage

1. Access probes

Access probes to verify the protection of persons against access to live parts are given in Table 4-Ap3-1.

2. Test conditions

The access probe is pushed against any openings of the enclosure with the force specified in Table 4-Ap3-1. If it partly or fully penetrates, it is placed in every possible position, but in no case shall the stop face fully penetrate through the opening.

Internal barriers are considered part of the enclosure

A low-voltage supply of ≥ 40 V and ≤ 50 V in series with a suitable lamp shall be connected, if necessary, between the probe and live parts inside the barrier or enclosure.

The signal-circuit method shall also be applied to the moving live parts of high voltage equipment.

Internal moving parts may be operated or otherwise repositioned slowly, where this is possible.

3. Acceptance conditions

The access probe shall not touch live parts.

If this requirement is verified by a signal circuit between the probe and live parts, the lamp shall not light up.

In the case of the test for IPXXB, the jointed test finger may penetrate to its 80 mm length, but the stop face (diameter 50 mm x 20 mm) shall not pass through the opening. Starting from the straight position, both joints of the test finger shall be successively bent through an angle of up to 90 degree with respect to the axis of the adjoining section of the finger and shall be placed in every possible position.

In case of the tests for IPXXD, the access probe may penetrate to its full length, but the stop face shall not fully penetrate through the opening.

Table 4-Ap3-1

Access probes for the tests for protection of persons against access to hazardous parts

First numeral	Addit. letter	Access probe	Test force
2	B	Jointed test finger See Figure 4-Ap3-1 below for full dimensions Image omitted; see official source	10 N ± 10 %
4, 5, 6	D	Test wire 1,0 mm diameter 100 mm long Image omitted; see official source	1 N ± 10 %

Figure 4-Ap3-1

Jointed test finger

Image omitted; see official source

ANNEX V

Requirements applying to manufacturers’ declaration regarding endurance testing of functional safety critical systems, parts and equipment

• 1. Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to endurance testing

• 1.1. For the purpose of the statement in conformity with Article 22(2) of, and Annex VIII to, Regulation (EU) No 168/2013:

Vehicles and their systems, parts and equipment critical for functional safety shall be capable of withstanding use under normal conditions and when serviced in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations, taking into account regular and scheduled maintenance and specific equipment adjustments carried out as per the clear and unambiguous instructions provided by the vehicle manufacturer in the instruction manual provided with the vehicle.

The normal use of a vehicle shall cover five years after first registration and a total distance travelled equal to 1,5 times the distance as specified in Annex VII to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 in direct relation to the vehicle category in question and the emission stage (i.e. Euro level) according to which the vehicle is to be type-approved, however, the required distance shall not exceed 60 000  km for any vehicle category. Normal use does not include use under harsh conditions (e.g. extreme cold or heat) and road conditions inflicting damage to the vehicle due to its state of repair.

• 1.2. Type-approved tyres, replaceable light sources of lighting components and other consumable items are excluded from the endurance requirements.

• 1.3. The vehicle manufacturer is not obliged to surrender information such as a file containing proprietary information pertaining to company data concerning endurance testing procedures and other related internal practices.

• 1.4. The manufacturer’s statement is without prejudice to its warranty obligations towards the owner of the vehicle.

ANNEX VI

Requirements applying to front and rear protective structures

1. Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to front and rear protective structures

• 1.1.If the requirements of UNECE regulation No 26 as regards the external projections have been applied to the entire vehicle, as provided through the relevant provisions of Annex II(C)(7) to Regulation (EU) 168/2013, the requirements of this Annex are deemed met.

• 1.2.If the requirements of UNECE regulation No 26 as regards the external projections have not been applied, or have been applied only partly to the vehicle as permitted through the relevant provisions of Annex II(C)(7) to Regulation (EU) 168/2013, the following requirements shall be met:

• 1.2.1. Vehicles of which the relevant front structure has been fully assessed in accordance with UNECE regulation No 26 are deemed to comply with the requirements on front protective structures.

• 1.2.2. Vehicles with a single front wheel and of which the external projections forward of the front axle have been assessed by means of the testing device in accordance with the relevant provisions of Annex II(C)(7) to Regulation (EU) 168/2013, are deemed to comply with the requirements on front protective structures.

• 1.2.3. Vehicles with more than one front wheel and of which the relevant front structure has not been fully assessed in accordance with UNECE regulation No 26 shall meet the following requirements:
• 1.2.3.1. At least two thirds of the maximum width of the forward section of the vehicle, measured at the location of the front axle or in front of it, shall consist of vehicle structure forward of the transverse line which is halfway between the front axle and the foremost point of the vehicle (i.e. the relevant structure, see Figure 6-1). The location, in terms of height, of this structure is relevant only above the floor line and below 2,0 m. Figure 6-1 Relevant structure of the forward section of the vehicle Note:in this example the front tyres fall within the assessment zone and the respective widths are included in the overall compliant relevant structure.
• 1.2.3.2. None of the vehicle structure forward of the line described in point 1.2.3.1 shall have pointed or sharp parts or projections which are directed outwards and which are likely to catch or significantly increase the severity of injuries or chance of lacerations to vulnerable road users in the event of a collision while the vehicle is being driven forward. The structure shall in any case exhibit no edges which can be contacted by a 100 mm sphere and which have a radius of curvature of less than 2,5 mm. Edges may however be blunted where their projection is less than 5,0 mm and there are no specific requirements for edges with a projection of less than 1,5 mm.

• 1.2.4. Vehicles which are not equipped with a device for reversing are exempted from the requirements on rear protective structures in points 1.2.5 to 1.2.6.2.1.

• 1.2.5. Vehicles which are equipped with a device for reversing and of which the relevant rear structure has been fully assessed in accordance with UNECE regulation No 26 are deemed to comply with the requirements applying to rear protective structures.

• 1.2.6. Vehicles which are equipped with a device for reversing and of which the relevant rear vehicle structure has not been fully assessed in accordance with UNECE regulation No 26 shall meet the following requirements:
• 1.2.6.1. At least two thirds of the width of the vehicle, as measured at the rear axle, shall consist of vehicle structure (i.e. the relevant structure, see Figure 6-2). The location, in terms of height, of this structure is relevant only above the floor line and below 2,0 m. Figure 6.2 Image omitted; see official source
• 1.2.6.2. None of the structure rearward of the rear axle shall have pointed or sharp parts or projections which are directed outwards and which are likely to catch or significantly increase the severity of injuries or chance of lacerations to vulnerable road users in the event of a collision while the vehicle is being driven rearward. The structure shall in any case exhibit no edges which can be contacted by a 100 mm sphere and which have a radius of curvature of less than 2,5 mm. Edges may however be blunted where their projection is less than 5,0 mm and there are no specific requirements for edges with a projection of less than 1,5 mm.
• 1.2.6.2.1. In case of vehicles of categories L2e-U, L5e-B, L6e-BU and L7e-CU, the edges which can be contacted by a 100 mm sphere shall at least be blunted when their projection is 1,5 mm or more.

• 1.3.If the material hardness is measured upon request of the technical service, the measurement shall be taken with the material as installed on the vehicle. Where it is impossible to carry out such a measurement correctly, the technical service may accept alternative assessment methods.

ANNEX VII

Requirements applying to glazing, windscreen wipers and washers, and defrosting and demisting systems

PART 1

Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to glazing

• 1. Fitting requirements.

• 1.1.Vehicles shall be fitted only with safety glazing.

• 1.1.1.All safety glazing fitted to the vehicle shall be type-approved in accordance with UNECE regulation No 43 ([^E0011]).

• 1.1.2.Safety glazing shall be fitted in such a way that, despite the stresses to which the vehicle is subject under normal operating conditions, it remains in position and continues to afford visibility and safety to the occupants or riders of the vehicle.

• 1.1.3.Plastic windscreens which are fitted to vehicles without bodywork and which are not supported at the top are not deemed to be safety glazing and are exempted from the requirements laid down in this Annex.

• 1.1.3.1.By way of derogation to Article 2(5) and for the purpose of this Annex, a vehicle is deemed to have bodywork if there are structural elements such as A-pillars or a rigid frame around the windscreen, in combination with other possible elements such as side doors, side windows and/or a roof creating an enclosed or partly enclosed compartment and the technical service shall provide clear justification for the judgment criteria in the test report.

• 1. Specific provisions

• 2.1.Vehicles of category L shall meet all the relevant requirements set out in Annex 21 to UNECE regulation No 43, as prescribed for vehicle category M1.

• 2.1.1.Points 4.2.1.2 and 4.2.2.2 of Annex 21 to UNECE regulation No 43 shall not apply. Instead, flexible-plastic glazing bearing the approval mark ‘IX’ may be fitted as safety glazing other than windscreens.

• 2.1.2.Rigid plastic safety glazing, provided that it is type-approved and bears the approval mark ‘VIII /A/L’ or ‘X /A/L’, may be fitted as a windscreen on vehicles of categories L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e and L5e.

• 2.1.3.Vehicles of categories L5e-B, L6e-B and L7e-C shall be fitted with a windscreen forming a part of the enclosed driving and passenger compartment.

PART 2

Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to windscreen wipers and washers

1. Fitting requirements

• 1.1. All vehicles fitted with a windscreen made from safety glazing shall be equipped with a windscreen wiper system that can function when the vehicle master control switch has been activated, without any action by the driver other than switching on the operating control for starting and stopping the windscreen wiper system.

• 1.1.1. The windscreen wiper system shall consist of one or more wiper arms with wiper blades that are easily replaceable and can be cleaned manually. Wiper arms shall be fitted in such a way that they can be folded away from the windscreen.

• 1.1.2. The windscreen wiper field shall cover at least 90 % of vision area A, as determined in accordance with Appendix 1.

• 1.1.2.1.The windscreen wiper field shall meet the requirements when the system is operating at a sweep frequency corresponding to point 1.1.3. The windscreen wiper field shall be assessed under the conditions set out in points 2.1.10 to 2.1.10.3.

• 1.1.3. The windscreen wiper shall have a sweep frequency of at least 40 cycles per minute, to be attained under the conditions specified in points 2.1.1 to 2.1.6 and 2.1.8.

• 1.1.4. The windscreen wiper system shall be capable of operating for two minutes on a dry windscreen without deterioration of performance.

• 1.1.4.1.The performance of the windscreen wiper system on a dry windscreen shall be tested under the conditions set out in point 2.1.11.

• 1.1.5. The windscreen wiper system shall be capable of withstanding stalling for at least 15 seconds. The use of automatic circuit protection devices is allowed, provided that no action is required for possible resetting other than operation of the windscreen wiper operating control.

• 1.1.5.1.The capability of withstanding stalling shall be tested under the conditions set out in point 2.1.7.

• 1.2. All vehicles fitted with a windscreen made from safety glazing shall be fitted with a windscreen washer system that can function when the vehicle master control switch has been activated and is capable of withstanding the loads and pressures resulting when the nozzles are plugged and the system is actuated according to the procedure set out in points 2.2.1.1 to 2.2.1.1.2.

• 1.2.1. The performance of the windscreen washer system shall not be adversely affected by exposure to the temperature cycles referred to in points 2.2.1 to 2.2.3.1.

• 1.2.2. The windscreen washer system shall be capable of spraying fluid onto the target area of the windscreen without any trace of leakage, disconnection of any tubing and malfunctioning of any nozzle, at normal conditions when subjected to ambient temperatures between 255 K and 333 K (– 18 °C and 60 °C). In addition, when the nozzles are blocked, the system shall show no signs of leakage and disconnection of any tubing.

• 1.2.3. The windscreen washer system shall be capable of delivering sufficient fluid to clear at least 60 % of vision area A, as determined in accordance with Appendix 1, under the conditions set out in points 2.2.5 to 2.2.5.4.

• 1.2.4. The windscreen washer system shall be capable of being activated manually by means of the washer control. In addition, activation and deactivation of the system may be coordinated and combined with any other vehicle system.

• 1.2.5. The capacity of the reservoir containing the liquid shall not be less than 1,0 litre.

• 1.2.6. A windscreen washer system which has been approved as a separate technical unit in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 1008/2010 ([^E0012]) may be installed, provided that the provisions of point 2.2.6 are complied with.

2. Test procedure

• 2.1. Windscreen wiper system test conditions.

• 2.1.1. The tests described below shall be carried out under the conditions stated in points 2.1.2 to 2.1.5 unless specified otherwise.

• 2.1.2. The ambient temperature shall be between 278 K and 313 K (5 °C and 40 °C).

• 2.1.3 The windscreen shall be kept constantly wet.

• 2.1.4. Electric windscreen wiper systems shall meet the following additional conditions:

• 2.1.4.1. All batteries shall be fully charged at the start of the test.

• 2.1.4.2. The engine, if fitted, shall run at a speed not exceeding 30 % of the speed corresponding to its maximum power output. However, if this is proven not to be practicable due to specific engine control strategies, for instance in the case of electric hybrid vehicles, a realistic scenario shall be determined, taking into account the engine speeds and periodical or complete absence of a running engine during normal driving conditions. If the windscreen wiper system can meet the requirements without a running engine, the engine does not have to run at all.

• 2.1.4.3. The passing beam headlamps shall be switched on.

• 2.1.4.4. All fitted heating, ventilation, defrosting and demisting systems (regardless of their location in the vehicle) shall be operating at maximum electrical consumption.

• 2.1.5. Compressed air or vacuum operated windscreen wiper systems shall be capable of functioning continuously at the prescribed sweep frequencies whatever the engine speed and engine load or minimum and maximum battery charge levels specified by the manufacturer for normal operation.

• 2.1.6. The sweep frequency of the windscreen wiper system shall comply with the requirements of point 1.1.3 after a preliminary operating time of 20 minutes on a wet windshield.

• 2.1.7. The requirements of point 1.1.5 shall be satisfied when the wiper arms are restrained in a position corresponding to half a cycle, for a period of 15 seconds with the windscreen wiper control set at the maximum sweep frequency.

• 2.1.8. The outer face of the windscreen shall be thoroughly degreased by means of methylated spirit or an equivalent degreasing agent. After drying, a solution of ammonia of not less than 3 % and not more than 10 % shall be applied. The surface shall be allowed to dry again and then be wiped with a dry cotton cloth.

• 2.1.9. A coating of the test mixture, complying with the specifications laid down in Appendix 2, shall be applied uniformly to the outer surface of the windscreen and allowed to dry.

• 2.1.9.1.Where the outer face of the windscreen has been prepared in accordance with points 2.1.8 and 2.1.9, the windscreen washer system may be used during the relevant tests.

• 2.1.10. The wiper field of the windscreen wiper system, as prescribed in point 1.1.2, shall be determined as follows:

• 2.1.10.1. The outer face of the windscreen shall be treated in accordance with points 2.1.8 and 2.1.9.

• 2.1.10.2. In order to verify that the requirements of point 1.1.2 are met, the windscreen wiper system shall be activated, taking into account point 2.1.9.1, and a trace of the wiper field shall be made and compared with a trace of vision area A, as determined in accordance with Appendix 1.

• 2.1.10.3. The technical service may agree to an alternative test procedure (e.g. virtual testing) to verify that the requirements of point 1.1.2 are met.

• 2.1.11. The requirements of point 1.1.4 shall be satisfied under the conditions of point 2.1.2. The vehicle shall be prepared for operation under the conditions set out in points 2.1.4 to 2.1.5. During the test, the wiper system shall operate normally, but at the maximum sweep frequency. The wiper field does not have to be observed.

• 2.2. Windscreen washer system test conditions.

• 2.2.1. Test No 1: The windscreen washer system shall be filled with water, fully primed and placed in an ambient temperature of 293 ± 2 K (20 ± 2 °C) for a minimum of four hours. The water shall be stabilised at this temperature.

• 2.2.1.1.All nozzle outlets shall be plugged and the windscreen washer control shall be actuated six times in one minute, each time for at least three seconds.

• 2.2.1.1.1If the windscreen washer system is powered by the muscular energy of the driver, the force applied shall be 11,0 to 13,5 daN if a hand-operated washer pump is used, or 40,0 to 44,5 daN if a foot-operated washer pump is used.

• 2.2.1.1.2.Where electric washer pumps are used, the test voltage shall not be less than the rated voltage and not more than the rated voltage plus 2 Volt.

• 2.2.1.2.The performance of the windscreen washer system at the end of the test shall be in compliance with point 1.2.2.

• 2.2.2. Test No 2. The windscreen washer system shall be filled with water, fully primed, and placed in an ambient temperature of 255 ± 3 K (– 18 ± 3 °C) for a minimum of four hours, ensuring that all the water contained in the device is frozen. The device is then exposed to an ambient temperature of 293 ± 2 K (20 ± 2 °C) until the ice has completely melted.

• 2.2.2.1.The performance of the windscreen washer system shall then be verified by actuating the system in accordance with points 2.2.1.1 to 2.2.1.2.

• 2.2.3. Test No 3. The windscreen washer system shall be filled with water of a temperature of 333 ± 3 K (60 ± 3 °C).

• 2.2.3.1.The performance of the windscreen washer system shall then be verified by actuating the system in accordance with points 2.2.1.1 to 2.2.1.2.

• 2.2.4. The windscreen washer system tests set out in points 2.2.1 to 2.2.3.1 shall be carried out in sequence on the same windscreen washer system. The system may be tested either as installed on the vehicle type for which EC type-approval is sought, or separately.

• 2.2.5. Test No 4: Windscreen washer system capability test

• 2.2.5.1.The windscreen washer system shall be filled with water and fully primed. With the vehicle stationary and no significant wind effect, the nozzle(s) may, if possible, be adjusted so as to point towards the target area on the outer face of the windscreen.

• 2.2.5.2.The outer face of the windscreen shall be treated as prescribed in points 2.1.8 and 2.1.9.

• 2.2.5.3.The windscreen washer system shall be actuated according to the manufacturer’s instructions, taking into account points 2.2.1.1.1 and 2.2.1.1.2. The total duration of the test shall not exceed 10 complete cycles of automatic operation of the windscreen wiper system operating at the maximum sweep frequency.

• 2.2.5.4.In order to verify that the requirements of point 1.2.3 are met, a trace of the relevant cleaned area shall be made and compared with a trace of vision area A, as determined in accordance with Appendix 1. If it is clear to the observer that the requirements are met, the traces do not have to be prepared.

• 2.2.6. Where a type-approved separate technical unit is installed on the vehicle, in accordance with point 1.2.6, only the test set out in points 2.2.5 to 2.2.5.4 needs to be carried out on the windscreen washer system.

Appendix 1 to Part 2

Procedure for determining vision areas on windscreens of vehicles

Vision area A is established in accordance with Annex 18 to UNECE regulation 43.

Appendix 2 to Part 2

Specifications of the mixture for testing the windscreen wiper and washer systems

The test mixture referred to in point 2.1.9 of Part 2 shall comply with Appendix 4 to Annex III to Regulation (EU) No 1008/2010.

Appendix 3 to Part 2

Procedure for verification of the R-point or seating reference point

The R-point or seating reference point is established in accordance with Annex 3 to UNECE regulation No 17.

Appendix 4 to Part 2

Procedure for determining primary reference marks in the three-dimensional reference system

The dimensional relationships between primary reference marks on drawings and their position on the vehicle are established in accordance with Annex 4 to UNECE regulation No 125 ([^E0013]).

PART 3

Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to defrosting and demisting systems

1. Fitting requirements

• 1.1.All vehicles fitted with a windscreen made from safety glazing, except vehicles of categories L2e and L6e as well as any vehicles not fitted with side doors capable of covering the door aperture by at least 75 %, either as standard or optional equipment, shall be equipped with a system for removing frost and ice from the exterior glazed surface of the windscreen and removing mist from the interior glazed surface of the windscreen. The windscreen defrosting and demisting system shall be effective enough to ensure adequate visibility through the windscreen in cold weather.

• 1.1.1.Vehicles with a maximum power not exceeding 15 kW shall meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 122 ([^E0014]), as prescribed for vehicle category M1.

• 1.1.2.Vehicles with a maximum power exceeding 15 kW shall meet all the relevant requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 672/2010 ([^E0015]), as prescribed for vehicle category M1.

• 1.2.However, if the windscreen is fitted in such a way that no vehicle structure attached to the windscreen extends rearwards for more than 100 mm, with any detachable or retractable door or roof installed and in the closed position, the defrosting and demisting system is not required.

ANNEX VIII

Requirements applying to driver-operated controls including identification of controls, tell-tales and indicators

1. Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to identification of controls, tell-tales and indicators

1.1.   Identification of controls, tell-tales and indicators

• 1.1.1. Vehicles of categories L1e-B and L3e shall meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 60 except those in Annex 3 to that regulation. The requirements of points 1.1.1.1 and 1.1.1.2 shall also be taken into account.

• 1.1.1.1. It shall be ensured that no deviations in the shape and orientation of the provided symbols are permitted, notably that any customised appearance of the provided symbols shall be prohibited.

• 1.1.1.2. Small irregularities concerning line thickness, the marking application and other relevant production tolerances shall be accepted, as provided in paragraph 4 of ISO 2575:2010/Amd1:2011 (design principles).

• 1.1.2. Vehicles of category L4e shall meet all the relevant requirements in points 1.1.1 to 1.1.1.2 for vehicle category L3e.

• 1.1.3. Vehicles of categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e shall meet the requirements of point 2 to 2.2.1.6 or, alternatively, the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 121 ([^E0016]), as prescribed for vehicle category M1.

1.2.   Speedometer and odometer

• 1.2.1. Vehicles with a maximum design vehicle speed exceeding 25 km/h shall be fitted with a speedometer as well as an odometer.

• 1.2.1.1. Vehicles of categories L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e and L5e fitted with a speedometer shall meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 39.

• 1.2.1.2. Vehicles of category L6e fitted with a speedometer shall, in the absence of specific requirements for vehicles of that category, meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 39, as prescribed for vehicle category L2e.

• 1.2.1.3. Vehicles of category L7e fitted with a speedometer shall, in the absence of specific requirements for vehicles of that category, meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 39, as prescribed for vehicle category L5e.

• 1.2.2. Explanatory notes to UNECE regulation No 39

• 1.2.2.1. The technical service may accept an increased temperature range of 296 ± 15 K (23 ± 15 °C) instead of the range stated in point 5.2.3 of UNECE regulation No 39 if it can be demonstrated that the speedometer equipment is not sensitive to such temperature variations (e.g. with digital displays).

2. Specific requirements

• 2.1. Controls, tell-tales and indicators fitted to the vehicle and listed in point 2.1.10 shall comply with the requirements regarding location, identification, colour and illumination. For functions for which no symbol is provided in this Regulation, the manufacturer may use a symbol following the appropriate ISO 6727:2012 or 2575:2010/Amd1:2011 standards. Where no ISO symbol is available, the manufacturer may use a symbol of its own conception. In any case, such symbol shall not cause confusion with any prescribed symbol.

• 2.1.1. The symbols shall stand out clearly against the background.

• 2.1.1.1. Contrasting colours shall be used to comply with the requirements of point 2.1.1.

• 2.1.2. The symbols shall be placed on the control or control tell-tale to be identified, or in immediate proximity thereof. Where this is not possible, the symbol and control or tell-tale shall be joined by a continuous dash that is as short as possible.

• 2.1.3. It shall be ensured that no deviations in the shape and orientation of the provided symbols are permitted, notably that any customised appearance of the provided symbols shall be prohibited.

Small irregularities concerning line thickness, the marking application and other relevant production tolerances shall be accepted, as provided in paragraph 4 of ISO 2575:2010/Amd1:2011 (design principles).

• 2.1.4. If necessary for clarity, supplementary symbols may be used in conjunction with any symbol as specified, provided that they do not cause confusion with any symbol specified in this Regulation.

• 2.1.5. At the manufacturer’s discretion, any control or indicator as well as their identifications may be capable of being illuminated at any time.

• 2.1.6. A tell-tale shall not emit light except when identifying the malfunction or vehicle condition it is designed to indicate or during a functional check (e.g. bulb check).

• 2.1.7. Means shall be provided to ensure that tell-tales and their identification are visible and recognisable under all driving conditions.

• 2.1.7.1. When illuminated, tell-tales and their associated identifying symbols shall be perfectly visible and recognisable under all ambient lighting conditions.

• 2.1.8. When used for optical tell-tales, the following colours shall have the meanings indicated:

• — red: danger to persons or very serious damage to equipment is immediate or imminent,

• — yellow: outside normal operating limits, vehicle system malfunction, damage to vehicle likely, or other condition which may produce hazard in the longer term (caution),

• — green: safety, normal operating condition (except if blue or yellow is required).

The mandatory colours are given in point 2.1.10. It shall be verified that no inappropriate colour is used for tell-tales even if fitted cumulatively (e.g. red for normal cruise control operation or for ‘sport’ mode).

• 2.1.9. If colour coding is used to identify the limits of the adjustment range of a temperature function (e.g. passenger compartment heating system), the hot limit shall be identified by the colour red and the cold limit by the colour blue. If the status or limit of a function is shown by an indicator separated from and not adjacent to the control for that function, both the control and the indicator shall be independently identified with the appropriate symbol.

• 2.1.10. Designation and identification of symbols:

Figure 8-1

Driving beam (main-beam) headlamp (control / tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: blue

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 8-2

Passing beam (dipped-beam) headlamp (control / tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: green

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 8-3

Direction indicator (control / tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: green

Image omitted; see official source

Note: if there are separate tell-tales for the left and right direction indicators, the two arrows may also be used independently.

Figure 8-4

Hazard warning signal (control / tell-tale)

Two possibilities:

• — Identifying signal (Figure 8-4), Tell-tale colour: red or

• — Simultaneous operation of the separate direction indicator tell-tales (Figure 8-3), provided that these normally operate independently (see Note below Figure 8-3).

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 8-5

Manual choke (control / tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: yellow

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 8-6

Electrical audible warning device (control)

Image omitted; see official source

Note: if more than one symbol is provided on the control(s), the supplementary symbol(s) may be mirrored. If the control is located directly on a steering wheel, the requirements of point 2.1.1.1 do not apply.

Figure 8-7

Fuel level (indicator/tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: yellow

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 8-8

Engine coolant temperature (indicator/tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: red

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 8-9

Battery charge (indicator/tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: red

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 8-10

Engine oil (indicator/tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: red

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 8-11

Front fog lamp (control/tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: green

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 8-12

Rear fog lamp (control/tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: yellow

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 8-13

Vehicle master control switch, engine ignition, supplemental engine cut-off (control)

Image omitted; see official source

Note: position ‘off’ — identification is not required for switches physically integrated with protective devices acting on the vehicle steering (steering lock).

Figure 8-14

Vehicle master control switch, engine ignition, supplemental engine cut-off (control)

Image omitted; see official source

Note: position ‘on’ or ‘run’ — identification is not required for switches physically integrated with protective devices acting on the vehicle steering (steering lock).

Figure 8-15

Lighting switch (control/tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: green

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 8-16

Position (side) lamps (control/tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: green

Image omitted; see official source

Note: if this function does not have a separate control or tell-tale, it may be identified by the symbol shown in Figure 8-15.

Figure 8-17

Parking lamps (control)

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 8-18

Neutral indication (tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: green

Image omitted; see official source

Note: gear box in neutral.

Figure 8-19

Electric engine starter (control)

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 8-20

Anti-lock Brake System malfunction (tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: yellow

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 8-21

Malfunction indicator lamp (tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: yellow

Image omitted; see official source

Note: shall be used to convey power-train related failures which may affect emissions.

Explanatory notes:

• (¹)The framed areas may be solid.

• (²)The dark part of this symbol may be replaced by its silhouette.

• 2.1.11. The model base provided in Figure 8-22 shall be used.

Figure 8-22

Structure of the model base for the symbols referred to in point 2.1.10

Image omitted; see official source

The model base consists of:

• (1) a base 50 mm square, this dimension being equal to nominal dimension ‘a’ in the original;

• (2) a base circle 56 mm in diameter having approximately the same area as the base square (1);

• (3) a second 50 mm-diameter circle is drawn within the base square (1);

• (4) a second square the tips of which lie on the base circle (2) and the sides of which are parallel to those of the base square (1);

• (5) and (6) two rectangles having the same area as the base square (1), their sides being at right angles to each other and each of them devised so as to divide the opposite sides of the base square into symmetrical points;

• (7) a third square the sides of which pass through the points of intersection of the base square (1) and the base circle (2) and are inclined at 45°, thus providing the greatest horizontal and vertical dimensions of the model base;

• (8) an irregular octagon formed by lines inclined at 30° to the sides of the square (7).

The base model is laid upon a grid the lower side of which measures 12,5 mm and coincides with the base square (1).

• 2.2. Common space for displaying multiple information.

• 2.2.1. A common space may be used to show information from any source, provided that the following requirements are met:

• 2.2.1.1. The tell-tales and indicators displayed in the common space shall meet the requirements of points 2.1 to 2.1.11 and shall light up at the initiation of the condition they are designed to identify.

• 2.2.1.2. The tell-tales and indicators listed in point 2.1.10 and shown in the common space shall light up at the initiation of any underlying condition.

• 2.2.1.3. Except as provided in points 2.2.1.4 to 2.2.1.6, when the condition exists for actuation of two or more tell-tales, the information shall be either:

• — repeated automatically in sequence, or

• — indicated by visible means and capable of being selected for viewing by the driver when seated in the driving position.

• 2.2.1.4. The tell-tales for any braking system malfunction, headlamp driving beam and direction indicator shall not be shown in the same common space.

• 2.2.1.5. If any of those tell-tales are displayed in a common space with other tell-tales, their activation shall take precedence over that of anything else in the common space.

• 2.2.1.6. It shall not be possible to deactivate the braking system malfunction, headlamp driving beam and direction indicator tell-tales, or any other red tell-tale, when the condition for their activation still exists. It may be possible for other information displayed in a common space to be cancelled automatically or by the driver.

ANNEX IX

Requirements applying to installation of lighting and light signalling devices, including automatic switching of lighting

1. Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to installation of lighting

• 1.1. Vehicles of category L1e shall meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 74 ([^E0017]). The requirements of points 1.8 to 1.12 shall also be taken into account.

• 1.1.1. Vehicles of category L1e-B shall, in the absence of uniform requirements in UNECE regulation No 74, always be fitted with a rear registration plate lamp.

• 1.1.2. Vehicles of category L1e may, in the absence of specific requirements in UNECE regulation No 74, be fitted with daytime running lamps which are activated instead of automatically switched-on headlamps and which comply with the requirements set out in points 2.3.4 to 2.3.4.7 below.

• 1.1.3. Vehicles of category L1e-A may alternatively to the requirements laid down in points 1.1 to 1.1.2 be fitted with all the following devices: a headlamp emitting white light towards the front when the vehicle is in motion, a rear position lamp emitting red light towards the rear when the vehicle is in motion, amber side retro-reflectors (one on each side), amber pedal retro-reflectors (towards the front and the rear, both on each side) and a red rear retro-reflector. These lighting devices need not be component type-approved and no other specific fitting, switching and electrical connection requirements apply. In such cases, the manufacturer shall declare that the lighting devices concerned conform to ISO standard 6742-1:1987 and 6742-2:1985.

• 1.2. Vehicles of category L2e shall meet the requirements of points 1.10 to 2.5.

• 1.3. Vehicles of category L3e shall meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 53. The requirements of points 1.8 to 1.12 shall also be taken into account.

• 1.4. Vehicles of category L4e shall meet the requirements of points 1.10 to 1.12 and 3 to 3.2.8.1.

• 1.5. Vehicles of category L5e shall meet the requirements of points 1.10 to 2.5.

• 1.6. Vehicles of category L6e shall meet the requirements of points 1.10 to 2.5.

• 1.7. Vehicles of category L7e shall meet the requirements of points 1.10 to 2.5.

• 1.8. Vehicles of category L1e-A may be fitted with retro-reflective bands on the tyre sidewalls or rims so as to provide a visual impression of circles of white light and making such vehicles easily recognisable.

• 1.9. Vehicles of categories L1e and L3e may be fitted with additional rear and side retro-reflective devices and materials provided that they do not impair the effectiveness of the mandatory lighting and light-signalling devices. In particular, luggage compartments and saddle bags may be fitted with retro-reflective materials, provided that these have the same colour as the lighting devices at that location.

• 1.10. No vehicle shall be fitted with auxiliary light sources of which the emitted light can be observed either directly or indirectly under normal driving conditions, other than those for the purpose of illuminating controls, tell-tales and indicators or the occupant compartment.

• 1.11. No vehicle shall be fitted with lighting devices which, due to a lack of specific wording in the respective component type-approval provisions and unless explicitly allowed by those provisions, display or give the appearance of movement or expansion of its light on the apparent surface or any strobe or flashing effect. Furthermore, if the apparent surface of a lighting function is reduced in size due to the activation of another lighting function with a different colour, the remaining apparent surface of the first named function shall continue to meet the relevant colorimetric and appropriate luminous intensity requirements (e.g. left and right-hand side tail lamp consisting of two rear position lamp rings with LEDs of which the outer ring can become the direction indicator lamp and the inner ring remains a combined rear position and stop lamp). All operation modes shall be duly covered by the lighting device component type-approval.

• 1.12. Where automatically switched-on headlamp or daytime running lamp activation is linked to the running of an engine, this shall be construed, for vehicles with electric or other alternative propulsion unit systems and vehicles equipped with an automatic stop/start system of the propulsion unit, as being linked to the master control switch having been activated with the vehicle in normal operation mode.

2. Requirements concerning vehicles of categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e.

2.1.   General specifications

• 2.1.1. All lighting devices shall be type-approved and fitted in accordance with the component manufacturer’s specifications and installed so that, under normal conditions of use and notwithstanding any vibration to which they may be subjected, they retain the characteristics as prescribed and enable the vehicle to comply with the requirements of this Annex. In particular, it shall not be possible for the lighting devices to be inadvertently maladjusted.

• 2.1.2. The illuminating lamps shall be fitted so that their alignment can easily be set correctly.

• 2.1.3. The reference axis of the lighting device when fitted to the vehicle shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle in the case of side retro-reflectors and parallel to that plane in the case of all other lighting devices, with a permitted tolerance of 3°.

• 2.1.4. The height and alignment of lighting devices are verified with the vehicle with its mass in running order, plus the mass of any propulsion batteries, placed on a flat horizontal surface, with the steered wheel(s) in the straight ahead position and the tyre pressures adjusted to the manufacturer’s specified values.

• 2.1.5. In the absence of specific requirements, lighting devices constituting a pair shall:

• — be installed on the vehicle symmetrically in relation to the longitudinal median plane,

• — be symmetrical to each other in relation to the longitudinal median plane (which includes being in stacked formation),

• — have identical colorimetric requirements, and

• — have identical photometric characteristics.

• 2.1.6. In the absence of specific instructions, lamps having different functions may be independent or grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated in one device, provided that each lamp complies with the requirement applicable to it.

• 2.1.7. The maximum height above ground is measured from the highest point, and the minimum height from the lowest point, of the light-emitting surface.

• 2.1.8. In the absence of specific requirements, no lamps other than direction indicator lamps, the hazard warning signal and the emergency braking signal may emit a flashing light.

• 2.1.9. No light-emitting surface of any red lamp, with the exception of rearmost side marker lamps, shall be visible towards the front and no light-emitting surface of any white lamp, with the exception of reversing lamps, shall be visible towards the rear. No interior or instrument cluster lighting shall be taken into account and the condition is checked as follows:

• 2.1.9.1. No red lamp shall be directly visible to an observer moving within Zone 1 in a transverse plane situated 25 m in front of the foremost part of the vehicle (see Figure 9-1).

• 2.1.9.2. No white lamp shall be directly visible to an observer moving within Zone 2 in a transverse plane situated 25 m behind the rearmost part of the vehicle (see Figure 9-2).

• 2.1.9.3. Zones 1 and 2 are limited in their respective planes as follows (see Figures 9-1 and 9-2):
• 2.1.9.3.1. Two horizontal planes which are 1,0 m and 2,2 m respectively above the ground;
• 2.1.9.3.2. Two vertical planes under an angle of 15° towards the front and rear of the vehicle respectively, and outward of the vehicle by reference to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. These planes contain, respectively, the vertical lines of intersection of the vertical planes parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle representing its overall width, and of the transverse vertical planes representing the overall length of the vehicle.

Figure 9-1

Direct visibility towards the front of the light-emitting surface of a lamp emitting red light

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 9-2

Direct visibility towards the rear of the light-emitting surface of a lamp emitting white light

Image omitted; see official source

• 2.1.10. The electrical connections shall be such that front position lamps, rear position lamps and the rear registration plate lamp can be switched on and off only simultaneously.

• 2.1.11. Vehicles shall be fitted with either:

• — daytime running lamps, or

• — passing-beam headlamps which are automatically switched on when the vehicle master control switch has been activated.

• 2.1.12. In the absence of specific requirements, the electrical connections shall be such that the driving-beam headlamps, the passing-beam headlamps and the front fog lamps cannot be switched on unless the lamps referred to in point 2.1.10 are also switched on. This requirement does not apply in the case of driving-beam and/or passing-beam headlamps when they are used to provide optical warning by means of short and intermittent activation.

• 2.1.13. Tell tales

• 2.1.13.1. Provisions concerning specific closed-circuit tell-tales may be fulfilled by the appropriate functions of an operational tell-tale.

• 2.1.14. The colours emitted by lighting devices shall be as follows:

Driving-beam headlamps	:	white
---	---	---
Daytime running lamp	:	white
---	---	---
Passing-beam headlamp	:	white
---	---	---
Direction indicator lamp	:	amber
---	---	---
Stop lamp	:	red
---	---	---
Front position lamp	:	white
---	---	---
Rear position lamp	:	red
---	---	---
Front fog lamp	:	white or yellow
---	---	---
Rear fog lamp	:	red
---	---	---
Reversing lamp	:	white
---	---	---
Hazard warning signal	:	amber
---	---	---
Rear registration plate lamp	:	white
---	---	---
Non-triangular side retro-reflector (front)	:	amber
---	---	---
Non-triangular side retro-reflector (rear)	:	amber or red
---	---	---
Side marker lamp (front)	:	amber
---	---	---
Side marker lamp (rear)	:	amber or red
---	---	---
Non-triangular rear retro-reflector	:	red

• 2.1.14.1. Trichromatic coordinates:

Red:	Limit towards yellow:	y ≤ 0,335
Red:	Limit towards purple:	z ≤ 0,008
White:	Limit towards blue:	x ≥ 0,310
White:	Limit towards yellow:	x ≤ 0,500
White:	Limit towards green:	Image omitted; see official source
White:	Limit towards green:	y ≤ 0,440
White:	Limit towards purple:	Image omitted; see official source
White:	Limit towards red:	y ≥ 0,382
Yellow:	Limit towards red:	Image omitted; see official source
Yellow:	Limit towards green:	Image omitted; see official source
Yellow:	Limit towards white:	Image omitted; see official source and y ≥ 0,440
Yellow:	Limit towards white:	y ≥ 0,440
Yellow:	Limit towards the spectral value:	Image omitted; see official source
Amber:	Limit towards yellow:	y ≤ 0,429
Amber:	Limit towards red:	y ≥ 0,398
Amber:	Limit towards white:	z ≤ 0,007

A source having a colour temperature of 2 856 K is used to check the above limits (International Commission on Illumination (ICI) Standard A).

• 2.1.14.2. The colour definitions in UNECE regulation No 48 ([^E0018]) may be taken as an alternative to the specifications in point 2.1.14.1, in which case the definition for ‘selective-yellow’ shall be taken instead of the above specification for ‘yellow’.

2.2.   General requirements

• 2.2.1. Vehicles of categories L2e and L6e shall be fitted with the following lighting devices:

• — passing-beam headlamp,

• — front position lamp,

• — direction indicators,

• — rear position lamp,

• — stop lamp,

• — rear registration plate lamp,

• — rear retro-reflector (non-triangular), and

• — side retro-reflectors (non-triangular).

• 2.2.2. Vehicles of categories L2e and L6e may be fitted with the following additional lighting devices:

• — driving-beam headlamp,

• — daytime running lamp,

• — front fog lamp,

• — hazard warning signal,

• — rear fog lamp,

• — reversing lamp, and

• — side marker lamps.

• 2.2.3. No lighting and light-signalling devices other than those referred to in points 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 shall be installed on vehicles of category L2e or L6e.

• 2.2.4. Vehicles of categories L5e and L7e shall be fitted with the following lighting devices:

• — driving-beam headlamp,

• — passing-beam headlamp,

• — front position lamp,

• — direction indicators,

• — rear position lamp,

• — stop lamp,

• — rear registration plate lamp,

• — rear retro-reflector (non-triangular), and

• — side retro-reflectors (non-triangular).

• 2.2.5. Vehicles of categories L5e and L7e may be fitted with the following additional lighting devices:

• — daytime running lamp,

• — front fog lamp,

• — hazard warning signal,

• — rear fog lamp,

• — reversing lamp, and

• — side marker lamps.

• 2.2.6. No lighting and light-signalling devices other than those referred to in points 2.2.4 and 2.2.5 shall be installed on vehicles of category L5e or L7e.

• 2.2.7. Only lighting and light-signalling devices which are type-approved for vehicle category L shall be installed on the vehicle. However, lighting and light-signalling devices which are type-approved for installation on vehicles of categories M1 or N1, in accordance with UNECE regulation No 48, may also be installed.

• 2.2.7.1. Vehicles of categories other than L2e and L6e shall not be fitted with passing-beam headlamps of Class A.

2.3.   Specific requirements

2.3.1.   Driving-beam headlamp

• 2.3.1.1. Number:

• — one or two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width not exceeding 1 300  mm,

• — two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width exceeding 1 300  mm.

• 2.3.1.2. Arrangement:

• — no specific requirements.

• 2.3.1.3. Position:

• 2.3.1.3.1. In width:
• — a single independent driving-beam headlamp may be fitted above, below or to one side of another front lamp. If these lamps are stacked on top of each other, the reference centre of the driving-beam headlamp shall be located within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. If they are side by side, their reference centres shall be symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle;
• — a single independent driving-beam headlamp which is reciprocally incorporated with another front lamp shall be fitted in such a way that its reference centre lies within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. However, when the vehicle is also fitted with another front lamp alongside the driving-beam headlamp, their reference centres shall be symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle;
• — two driving-beam headlamps of which either none, one or both are reciprocally incorporated with another front lamp shall be fitted in such a way that their reference centres are symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.

• 2.3.1.3.2. In height:
• — no specific requirements.

• 2.3.1.3.3. In length:
• — at the front of the vehicle. This requirement is considered to have been met if the light emitted does not disturb the driver either directly or indirectly by means of the rear-view mirrors and/or other reflective surfaces on the vehicle.

• 2.3.1.3.4. Distance:
• — in the case of a single independent driving-beam headlamp, the distance between the edge of the light-emitting surface and that of any single independent passing-beam headlamp shall not exceed 200 mm.

• 2.3.1.4. Geometric visibility:

• — the visibility of the light-emitting surface, including in areas which do not appear to be illuminated in the direction of observation considered, shall be ensured within a divergent space defined by generating lines based on the perimeter of the light-emitting surface and forming an angle of not less than 5° with the reference axis of the driving-beam headlamp.

• 2.3.1.5. Orientation:

• — to the front; may move in line with the steering angle of any handlebars.

• 2.3.1.6. Electrical connections:

• — all driving-beam headlamps shall light up and extinguish simultaneously,

• — all driving-beam headlamps shall light up when the forward lighting mode is switched from passing-beam to driving-beam,

• — all driving-beam headlamps shall be extinguished simultaneously when the forward lighting mode is switched from driving-beam to passing-beam,

• — the passing-beam headlamps may remain lit at the same time as the driving-beam headlamps.

• 2.3.1.7. Closed-circuit tell-tale:

• — mandatory, if the driving beam headlamp is fitted (non-flashing blue tell-tale).

• 2.3.1.8. Other requirements:

• — the combined value of the maximum intensity of all driving-beam headlamps which can be activated at the same time shall not exceed 430 000 cd, which corresponds to a reference value of 100.

2.3.2.   Passing-beam headlamp

• 2.3.2.1. Number:

• — one or two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width not exceeding 1 300  mm,

• — two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width exceeding 1 300  mm.

• 2.3.2.2. Arrangement:

• — no specific requirements.

• 2.3.2.3. Position: