Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 3/2014 of 24 October 2013 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to vehicle functional safety requirements for the approval of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles Text with EEA relevance

• 3.3.5.2. Rear outboard seating positions and/or centre seating positions: In the case of three-point safety belts incorporating a inertia reel retractor attached to a separate lower side anchorage point: — the anchorages are subjected to the test laid down in points 3.4.1 to 3.4.1.3 in which the forces are applied to them by means of a device reproducing the geometry of a three-point belt incorporating an inertia reel retractor attached to a lower side anchorage and a D-ring acting through the upper anchorage. In the case of three-point safety belts not incorporating a inertia reel retractor attached to a separate lower side anchorage point: — the anchorages shall be subjected to the test laid down in points 3.4.2 to 3.4.2.2 in which the forces are applied to them by means of a device reproducing the geometry of a three-point non-inertia reel belt; — the lower anchorages shall in addition be subjected to the test laid down in points 3.4.3 to 3.4.3.1 in which the forces are transferred to the lower anchorages by means of a device representing a lap belt; — at the request of the manufacturer, the two tests may be carried out on two different structures. If the height of the upper safety belt anchorage point is manually adjustable without the use of any tools, it shall be set in the least favourable (i.e. worst-case) position as decided by the technical service. In the case of multiple upper safety belt anchorage points for use with a special-type (e.g. harness-type) safety belt, they shall all be subjected to the test required in points 3.4.5. to 3.4.5.2., in which the forces are applied to them by means of a device reproducing the geometry of the type of safety belt intended to be attached to those anchorages.

• 3.3.6. Safety belt anchorages for seating positions not fitted with upper anchorages shall be tested under the following conditions:

• 3.3.6.1. Outboard front seating positions: In the case of two-point or lap safety belts:
• — not permitted.

• 3.3.6.2. Rear outboard seating positions and/or centre seating positions: In the case of two-point or lap safety belts:
• — the lower anchorages shall be subjected to the test laid down in points 3.4.3 to 3.4.3.1 in which the forces are transferred to the lower anchorages by means of a device representing a lap belt.

• 3.3.7. If the safety belt systems to be installed in the vehicle require the use of specific equipment such as brackets, rollers, additional anchorages or guides, without which the testing straps or cables cannot be attached directly to the anchorages, such equipment shall be mounted and used during all tests as appropriate.

3.4.   Specific requirements for the tests to be carried out on vehicles having a mass in running order ≤ 600 kg

3.4.1.   Test in three-point belt configuration incorporating a retractor having a D-ring, pulley or strap guide at the upper actual safety belt anchorage

• 3.4.1.1.A reverser, pulley or guide for the cable or strap with the characteristics needed to transfer the forces from the traction device is attached to the upper anchorages. A normal safety belt system may be used instead.

• 3.4.1.2.A test loading of 675 daN ± 20 daN shall be applied to a shoulder belt traction device attached to the belt anchorages by means of a cable or strap reproducing the geometry of the upper diagonal strap of the corresponding safety belt.

• 3.4.1.3.At the same time, a tractive force of 675 daN ± 20 daN shall be applied to a lap belt traction device attached to the two lower anchorages.

3.4.2.   Test in three-point belt configuration without a retractor or with a retractor mounted directly to the upper actual anchorage point

• 3.4.2.1.A test loading of 675 daN ± 20 daN shall be applied to a shoulder belt traction device attached to the upper anchorage and to the opposite lower belt anchorage of the same safety belt using, if fitted as standard equipment by the manufacturer, a retractor fixed at the upper actual safety belt anchorage.

• 3.4.2.2.At the same time, a tractive force of 675 daN ± 20 daN shall be applied to a lap belt traction device attached to the two lower anchorages.

3.4.3.   Test in lap-belt configuration

• 3.4.3.1.A test loading of 1 110  daN ± 20 daN shall be applied to a lap belt traction device attached to the two lower anchorages.

3.4.4.   Additional test requirements in the case of safety belt anchorage points located wholly within the seat structure or dispersed between the vehicle structure and the seat structure

• 3.4.4.1.The three specific safety belt configuration tests in points 3.4.1, 3.4.2 and 3.4.3 shall be conducted while an additional force, as specified below, is exerted for each seat and/or each group of seats.

• 3.4.4.2.The additional longitudinal and horizontal force shall be equal to ten times the weight of the complete seat and applied directly to the centre of gravity of the seat structure in question through a separate force application device.

3.4.5.   Test in special-type belt configuration (other than those for three-point belt or lap-belt)

• 3.4.5.1.A test loading of 675 daN ± 20 daN shall be applied to a shoulder belt traction device attached to the belt anchorages meant for a special-type safety belt, by means of cables or straps reproducing the geometry of the upper diagonal strap or straps of the corresponding safety belt.

• 3.4.5.2.At the same time, a tractive force of 675 daN ± 20 daN shall be applied to a lap-belt traction device attached to the two lower anchorages.

3.5.   Specific requirements for the tests to be carried out on vehicles having a mass in running order > 600 kg or where the vehicle manufacturer chooses to fulfil these requirements on a voluntary basis

• 3.5.1.Vehicles covered by the criteria set out in point 3.5 shall meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 14 with regard to anchorages for safety belts intended for adult occupants, as prescribed for vehicle category M1.

• 3.6.If an ISOFIX anchorage system or a system which resembles ISOFIX is fitted optionally to the vehicle, all relevant location, marking and strength requirements for such systems in UNECE regulation No 14 shall be met.

3.6.   Test report requirements

• 3.6.1.The deformation of the safety belt anchorage points and the load supporting structures resulting from the application of the loads as specified in points 3.4 to 3.5.1 shall be accurately recorded after the tests and included in the test report.

PART 3

Requirements applying to the installation of safety belts

• 1.In the absence of specific requirements for vehicles of categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e in UNECE regulation No 16, vehicles of those categories which are fitted with safety belts shall meet all relevant requirements of that regulation as prescribed for vehicle category N1, as well as the following:

• 1.1.Without prejudice to the requirements of points 1.1 and 1.2 of Part 1, concerning the mass in running order, safety belts shall be fitted to all seating positions consisting of seats.

• 1.1.1.The driver’s seating position (including where this is central) shall in this case always be fitted with a three-point or harness-type safety belt.

• 1.2.Vehicles of categories L7e-A2, L7e-B2 and L7e-C shall be fitted with three-point or harness-type safety belts on all seating positions, regardless of the vehicle mass in running order.

• 1.3.Any reference in UNECE regulation No 16 to UNECE regulation No 14 shall be understood as a reference to Part 2, where appropriate.

• 1.4.Safety belts may be fitted to seating positions consisting of saddles. These may be two-point or lap safety belts, rather than three-point safety belts, but shall meet all the remaining relevant requirements.

• 1.5.All safety belts shall be type-approved and fitted in accordance with the safety belt manufacturer’s specifications.

ANNEX XIII

Requirements applying to seating positions (saddles and seats)

1. Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to seating positions

• 1.1.Vehicles shall be fitted with at least one seat or saddle.

• 1.1.1.All seating positions shall be forward-facing.

• 1.2.Vehicles without bodywork may have saddles.

• 1.3.Vehicles of categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e which are fitted with bodywork shall have seats.

• 1.3.1.By way of derogation to Article 2(5) of this Regulation and for the purpose of this Annex, a vehicle is deemed to have bodywork if there are structural elements beside and/or behind the lowest seating position which exceed the height of the R-point of the seating position in question. The area concerned is thus located in and behind the transverse vertical plane passing through the R-point of the seating position in question. Other seating positions, back rests, luggage compartments and racks, and any other fittings or components mounted to them, shall not be regarded as structural elements in this context (i.e. side doors, B-pillars and/or roof are regarded as bodywork). The technical service shall provide clear justification for the judgment criteria in the test report.

• 1.4.The R-point of a seating position shall be determined as follows:

• 1.4.1. The R-point of a saddle shall be taken as declared by the vehicle manufacturer and duly justified by means of appropriate vehicle design criteria taking into account the characteristics of a 50th percentile male manikin (i.e. Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device) and its hip pivot point.

• 1.4.2. The R-point of a seat shall be established in accordance with Appendix 3 to Part 2 of Annex VII to this Regulation.

• 1.5.All seats shall have seat backs.

• 1.5.1.In order to assess the functionality of a seat back, it shall be possible to carry out at least one of the procedures below for each seat.

• 1.5.1.1.The procedure for the determination of the H-point following the prescriptions in Annex 3 to UNECE regulation No 17 shall be carried out successfully (i.e. not taking into account any exemptions provided for in that regulation).

• 1.5.1.2.Where the procedure of point 1.5.1.1 cannot be carried out correctly for a specific seat, this shall be demonstrated satisfactorily and subsequently a 50th percentile male manikin (i.e. Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device) may instead be placed on the seat, which shall be adjusted to the design position as specified by the vehicle manufacturer. In this case, the R-point of the seat in question shall be taken as declared by the vehicle manufacturer and duly justified by means of appropriate vehicle design criteria taking into account the characteristics of a 50th percentile male manikin and its hip pivot point. The technical service shall provide clear justification for the judgment criteria in the test report.

• 1.5.1.3.If neither procedure can be carried out correctly, the seat and seat back are deemed not to comply with the requirements of this Annex.

• 1.6.Spaces resembling seating positions, but not designated as such, shall not be permitted.

• 1.6.1.Spaces resembling seats and on which a 5th percentile adult female manikin can be seated shall be regarded as seats and shall therefore meet all relevant requirements of this Annex.

• 1.7.The height of the R-point of the seating position of the driver or rider shall be ≥ 540 mm in the case of vehicles of categories L1e, L3e and L4e and ≥ 400 mm in the case of vehicles of categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e, as measured from the ground surface.

• 1.7.1.If the vehicle is equipped with systems which can change the vehicle’s riding height, this shall be set in the normal running condition as specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

• 1.8.All seats and saddles which are fitted with safety belt anchorage points and/or safety belts shall be capable of withstanding a deceleration of 10 g for 20 ms in forward direction without breakage. If fitted, locking, adjustment and displacement systems shall not malfunction or release. Displacement systems fitted to seats shall be capable of being manually activated once after being subjected to the deceleration.

• 1.8.1.Compliance with point 1.8 shall be demonstrated as follows:

• — for seats: — by submitting representative parts of the vehicle to a deceleration of 10 g in forward direction for at least 20 ms or — by performing the test in points 3.4.4 to 3.4.4.2 of Part 2 of Annex XII,

• — for saddles: — by exerting in the forward direction, in its centre of gravity, a force equal to ten times the weight of the complete saddle in question.

2. Child restraint systems

• 2.1.Child restraint systems complying with UNECE regulation No 44 ([^E0022]) may be recommended by the vehicle manufacturers for use in vehicles of categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e fitted with safety belts and/or ISOFIX.

• 2.1.1.In this case, all relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 16 regarding the installation of child restraint systems shall be met, including those regarding information provided in the vehicle’s instruction manual.

• 2.2.Child restraint systems complying with UNECE regulation No 44 may be recommended by the vehicle manufacturers for use in side-cars of vehicles of category L4e fitted with safety belts and/or ISOFIX.

• 2.2.1.In this case, the safety belt anchorages shall comply with the requirements of points 1.3 to 1.6.2 of Part 1 of Annex XII and points 1 to 3.6.1 of Part 2 of Annex XII; however, seats in side-cars may be fitted with two-point lap belts.

• 2.2.2.All relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 16 regarding the installation of child restraint systems shall be met, including those regarding the information to be provided in the vehicle’s instruction manual.

ANNEX XIV

Requirements regarding steer-ability, cornering properties and turn-ability

1. Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to steer-ability, cornering properties and turn-ability

• 1.1.Vehicles of categories L1e and L3e shall be tested according to the provisions of points 2 to 2.6 and meet the relevant requirements.

• 1.2.Vehicles of categories L2e, L4e, L5e, L6e and L7e shall be tested according to the provisions of points 2 to 2.8 and meet the relevant requirements. In addition, these vehicles shall meet the specific construction requirements of points 1.2.1 to 1.2.2.2.

• 1.2.1.Vehicles shall be constructed so that all wheels are capable of rotating at different individual speeds at all times. A device such as a differential may be installed; these may be locked automatically or by external means, but shall normally be unlocked.

• 1.2.1.1.The locking function of such a device shall not be used to comply with specific braking requirements in Annex III, in particular regarding braking action being required, operating on all the vehicle’s wheels.

• 1.2.2.Vehicles of categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e which are fitted with bodywork shall be equipped with a device for reversing which can be operated from the driver’s position.

• 1.2.2.1.By way of derogation to Article 2(5) of this Regulation and for the purpose of this Annex, a vehicle is deemed to have bodywork if there are structural elements beside and/or behind the lowest seating position which exceed the height of the R-point of the seating position in question. The area concerned is thus located in and behind the transverse vertical plane passing through the R-point of the seating position in question. Other seating positions, back rests, luggage compartments and racks, and any other fittings or components mounted to them, shall not be regarded as structural elements in this context (i.e. side doors, B-pillars and/or roof are regarded as bodywork). The technical service shall provide clear justification for the judgment criteria in the test report.

• 1.2.2.2.Vehicles of category L2e with a technically permissible maximum mass ≤ 225 kg, not fitted with a safety belt on the driver’s seating position and which cannot be fitted with side doors, are exempted from the requirement to be fitted with a device for reversing.

2. Test provisions

• 2.1.The tests shall be conducted on a level surface affording good adhesion.

• 2.2.During the tests, the vehicle shall be loaded to its technically permissible maximum mass.

• 2.3.The tyre pressures shall be adjusted to the values specified by the vehicle manufacturer for the relevant load condition.

• 2.4.It shall be possible to steer a vehicle from a straight ahead direction into a spiral with a final turning circle radius of 12 m at a speed of at least 6 km/h. In order to demonstrate compliance, one steering movement shall be made to the right and one to the left.

• 2.5.It shall be possible to leave a curve with a turning circle radius of ≤ 50 m at a tangent without unusual vibration in the steering equipment at 50 km/h or at the maximum design vehicle speed, if this is lower. In order to demonstrate compliance, one steering movement shall be made to the left and one to the right.

• 2.5.1.The test speed may be reduced to 45 km/h if the radius is 40 m, 39 km/h if the radius is 30 m, 32 km/h if the radius is 20 m and 23 km/h if the radius is 10 m.

• 2.6.It shall be possible to travel along a straight section of road surface without unusual steering corrections by the rider or driver and without unusual vibration in the steering system at 160 km/h for vehicles with a maximum design speed ≥ 200 km/h, at 0,8 × Vmax for vehicles with a maximum design speed < 200 km/h or the actual maximum speed which the vehicle can attain in the test load condition, if this is lower.

• 2.7.When a vehicle of category L2e, L4e, L5e, L6e or L7e is driven in a circle with its steered wheels at approximately half lock and a constant speed of at least 6 km/h, the turning circle shall remain the same or become larger if the steering control is released.

• 2.8.Vehicles of category L4e from which the side-car can be detached so that the motorcycle can be used without it shall fulfil the requirements for solo motorcycles in point 1.1 as well as those in point 1.2.

ANNEX XV

Requirements regarding the installation of tyres

1. Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to the installation of tyres

• 1.1. Subject to the provisions of points 1.1.1. to 1.1.2., all tyres fitted to vehicles, including any spare tyre, shall be type-approved according to UNECE regulation No 75.

• 1.1.1. Where a vehicle is designed for conditions of use which are incompatible with the characteristics of tyres type-approved according to UNECE regulation No 75 as applicable in the Union legislation at the time of type-approval testing of the vehicle and it is therefore necessary to fit tyres with different characteristics, the requirements of point 1.1. do not apply, provided that the following conditions are met:

• — the tyres are type-approved according to Council Directive 92/23/EEC ([^E0023]), Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council ([^E0024]) or UNECE regulation No 106; and

• — the approval authority and technical service are satisfied that the tyres fitted are suitable for the operating conditions of the vehicle. The nature of this exemption and reasons for acceptance shall be clearly stated in the test report.

• 1.1.2. Vehicles of categories L1e, L2e and L6e with a technically permissible maximum mass ≤ 150 kg may be fitted with non-type-approved tyres with a section width ≤ 67 mm.

2. Tyre fitment

• 2.1. All tyres normally fitted to the same axle, except those on side-cars of L4e category vehicles, shall be of the same type.

• 2.2. The vehicle manufacturer may restrict the category of use of original and replacement tyres that may be installed on the vehicle. In this case, the categories of use of tyres that may be fitted to the vehicle shall be clearly stated in the vehicle's instruction manual.

• 2.3. The space in which each wheel revolves shall be such as to allow unrestricted movement when using the maximum permissible size of tyres and rim widths, taking into account the minimum and maximum wheel off-sets if applicable, within the minimum and maximum suspension and steering constraints as declared by the vehicle manufacturer. This shall be verified by performing the checks for the largest and the widest tyre in each space, taking into account the applicable rim size and the maximum allowed section width and outer diameter of the tyre, in relation to the tyre size designation as specified in the applicable legislation. The checks shall be performed by rotating a representation of the tyre's permissible overall dimensions in the form of a maximum envelope, not just the actual tyre, in the space for the wheel in question.

• 2.3.1. All tyres that may be fitted to the vehicle in accordance with point 2.2. shall be taken into account for the determination of the permissible overall dimensions (i.e. the maximum envelope) of the relevant tyre, as applicable in the Union legislation at the time of type-approval testing of the vehicle. For this purpose, either the specifications as provided for in Annex 5 of UNECE Regulation No 75 or the permitted percentages as provided for sizes not included in that Annex shall be taken into account (e.g. overall width of multiservice tyres (MST) + 25 %, normal and snow service tyres + 10 % in case of rim diameter code 13 and above and + 8 % in case of rim diameter codes up to 12 inclusive).

• 2.3.2. In addition, the permissible dynamic growth of the height of bias and bias/belted construction tyres which are type-approved according to UNECE regulation No 75 depends on the speed category and the category of use of the tyre. To ensure an appropriate selection of bias and bias/belted replacement tyres for the end-user of the vehicle, the vehicle manufacturer shall take into account both the permitted categories of use as well as the speed category that is compatible with the maximum design vehicle speed, for the determination of the permitted tolerance laid down in point 4.1. of Annex 9 to UNECE regulation No 75 (i.e. Hdyn = H × 1,10 up to Hdyn = H × 1,18). More stringent categories may be taken into account at the discretion of the vehicle manufacturer.

• 2.4. The technical service may agree to an alternative test procedure (e.g. virtual testing) to verify that the requirements of point 2.3. to 2.3.2. are met, provided that the clearance between the tyre's maximum envelope and vehicle structure exceeds 10 mm at all points.

3. Load capacity

• 3.1. The maximum load rating of each tyre with which the vehicle is fitted shall be at least equal to the following:

• — the maximum permissible mass on the axle where the axle is equipped with one tyre only;

• — half of the maximum permissible mass on the axle where the axle is equipped with two tyres in single formation;

• — 0,54 times the maximum permissible mass on the axle where the axle is equipped with two tyres in dual (twin) formation;

• — 0,27 times the maximum permissible mass on the axle where the axle is equipped with two sets of tyres in dual (twin) formation;

• — with reference to the maximum permissible mass on each axle as declared by the vehicle manufacturer.

• 3.1.1. The load capacity index indicated in the information document shall be the lowest grade which is compatible with the maximum permissible load on the tyre in question. Tyres with a higher grade may be fitted.

• 3.2. The relevant information shall be stated clearly in the vehicle’s instruction manual in order to ensure that suitable replacement tyres with an appropriate load capacity are fitted when necessary once the vehicle has been put into service.

4. Speed capacity

• 4.1. Every tyre with which the vehicle is normally fitted shall bear a speed category symbol.

• 4.1.1. The speed category symbol shall be compatible with the maximum design vehicle speed.

• 4.1.1.1. The speed category as indicated in the information document shall be the lowest grade which is compatible with the maximum design vehicle speed. Tyres with a higher grade may be fitted.

• 4.1.2. In the case of tyres of speed categories V, W, Y and Z, the adjusted load rating as specified in the relevant Directive, EU Regulation or UNECE regulation shall be taken into account.

• 4.1.3. In the case of tyres of class C2 or C3, the adjusted load rating specified in point 2.29 of UNECE regulation No 54 shall be taken into account.

• 4.2. The requirements of point 4.1.1 to 4.1.3 shall not apply in the following situations:

• 4.2.1. In the case of temporary-use spare units.

• 4.2.2. In the case of vehicles normally equipped with ordinary tyres and occasionally fitted with snow tyres, where the speed category symbol of the snow tyre shall correspond to a speed either greater than the maximum design vehicle speed or not less than 130 km/h (or both). However, if the maximum design vehicle speed is greater than the speed corresponding to the lowest speed category symbol of the fitted snow tyres, a maximum speed warning label, specifying the lowest value of the maximum speed capability of the fitted snow tyres or the manufacturer's recommended speed for the vehicle (whichever is lower), shall be displayed inside the vehicle in a prominent position or, if the vehicle does not have an interior, as close as possible to the instrument cluster, readily and permanently visible to the driver.

• 4.3. The relevant information shall be stated clearly in the vehicle’s instruction manual in order to ensure that suitable replacement tyres with an appropriate speed capacity are fitted when necessary once the vehicle has been put into service.

5. Tyre pressures

• 5.1. The vehicle manufacturer shall recommend the cold tyre pressure for each tyre for normal on-road use. It is permitted that more than one pressure or a range of pressures is declared, depending on the vehicle loading conditions. It is not permitted that multiple pressures are declared for the purpose of reducing wear or increasing fuel efficiency to the detriment of comfort, or any other similar purpose.

• 5.2. The declared cold tyre pressure(s) in compliance with point 5.1 shall be stated on the vehicle (e.g. on one or more labels). The information shall be clearly legible without the need to remove any parts with the use of tools and shall be affixed in a way that it is not easily removed.

• 5.3. The relevant information shall also be stated clearly in the vehicle’s instruction manual in order to encourage the vehicle operator to frequently check the tyre pressures and to adjust them if necessary.

ANNEX XVI

Requirements applying to the vehicle maximum speed limitation plate and its location on the vehicle

1. Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to the maximum speed limitation plate and its location on the vehicle

• 1.1. Vehicles of categories L7e-B1 and L7e-B2 shall be fitted with a plate on which the maximum design vehicle speed is indicated.

• 1.2. Vehicles of categories L1e, L3e, L4e, L5e-A may be fitted with a plate on which the maximum design vehicle speed is indicated, provided that the requirements of this Annex are met.

2. Specific requirements concerning the plate

• 2.1. All characters on the plate shall be formed by retro-reflective material type-approved as Class D, E or D/E according to UNECE regulation No 104 ([^E0027]).

• 2.2. The surface shall consist of a round white non-retro-reflective plate with a diameter of 200 mm.

• 2.2.1. The surface may be fixed onto a larger and differently shaped area such as bodywork, provided that all requirements are still complied with.

• 2.3. The number indicated on the plate shall be marked in orange digits.

• 2.3.1. The font type shall be normal, clearly legible, upright and common. Handwriting styles or italic scripts shall not be permitted.

• 2.3.2. All digits shall have the same font size, at least 100 mm in height and 50 mm in width, with the exception of the number ‘1’, which may be narrower.

• 2.4. In the case of vehicles intended and equipped for operation in territories where metric values are used, the characters ‘km/h’ shall be stated under the speed indication.

• 2.4.1. The overall dimensions of the term ‘km/h’ shall be at least 40 mm in height and 60 mm in width.

• 2.5. In the case of vehicles intended and equipped for operation in territories where imperial values are used, the characters ‘mph’ shall be stated under the speed indication.

• 2.5.1. The overall dimensions of the term ‘mph’ shall be at least 40 mm in height and 60 mm in width.

• 2.6. If vehicles are intended and equipped for operation in territories where both metric and imperial values are used, both versions of the speed limitation plate shall be fitted and comply with all requirements of this Annex.

3. Location, visibility and characteristics of the plate

• 3.1. The plate shall consist of a virtually flat surface.

• 3.2. Position of the plate in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle:

• 3.2.1. The centre point of the plate shall not be situated to the left of the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.

• 3.3. Position of the plate in relation to the vertical longitudinal plane of the vehicle:

• 3.3.1. The plate shall be perpendicular, ± 5°, to the longitudinal plane of the vehicle.

• 3.3.2. The right-hand edge of the plate may not be situated to the right of the vertical plane which is parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle and touches the extreme outer edge of the vehicle.

• 3.4. Position of the plate in relation to the vertical transverse plane:

• 3.4.1. The plate may be inclined to the vertical:

• 3.4.1.1. At between – 5° and 30°, provided that the height of the upper edge of the plate is not more than 1,20 m from the ground surface;

• 3.4.1.2. At between – 15° and 5°, provided that the height of the upper edge of the plate is more than 1,20 m from the ground surface.

• 3.5. Height of the plate from the ground surface

• 3.5.1. The lower edge of the plate height shall be 0,30 m or more from the ground surface.

• 3.5.2. The upper edge of the plate shall be no more than 1,20 m from the ground surface. However, where it is not practicable to comply with the height provision due to the construction of the vehicle, the height may exceed 1,20 m, provided that it is as close to that limit as the constructional characteristics of the vehicle allow, and shall in no case exceed 2,00 m.

• 3.6. Geometrical visibility:

• 3.6.1. If the upper edge of the plate is no more than 1,20 m from the ground surface, the plate shall be visible in the whole space included within the following four planes:

• — the two vertical planes touching the two lateral edges of the plate and forming an angle measured outwards to the left and to the right of the plate of 30° in relation to the longitudinal plane, parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, passing through the centre of the plate,

• — the plane touching the upper edge of the plate and forming an angle measured upwards of 15° to the horizontal,

• — the horizontal plane through the lower edge of the plate.

• 3.6.2. If the upper edge of the plate is more than 1,20 m from the ground surface, the plate shall be visible in the whole space included within the following four planes:

• — the two vertical planes touching the two lateral edges of the plate and forming an angle measured outwards to the left and to the right of the plate of 30° in relation to the longitudinal plane, parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, passing through the centre of the plate,

• — the plane touching the upper edge of the plate and forming an angle measured upwards of 15° to the horizontal,

• — the plane touching the lower edge of the plate and forming an angle measured downwards of 15° to the horizontal.

4. Test procedure

4.1.   Determination of the vertical inclination and height of the plate from the ground surface:

• 4.1.1. Before the measurements are made, the vehicle is placed on a smooth ground surface with its mass adjusted to the manufacturer’s declared mass in running order, plus the mass of any propulsion batteries.

• 4.1.2. If the vehicle is equipped with systems which can change the vehicle’s riding height, this shall be set in the normal running condition as specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

• 4.1.3. If the plate is facing downwards, the measurement of the inclination is expressed as a negative (minus) figure.

ANNEX XVII

Requirements regarding vehicle occupant protection, including interior fittings and vehicle doors

PART 1

Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to interior fittings

1. General requirements

• 1.1. Vehicles of categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e which are fitted with bodywork shall meet the following requirements:

• 1.1.1. The interior of the vehicle is divided into three main areas:

• — interior zone 1: — in front of the torso reference line in relation to the seating position of the driver, — above the R-point of the seating position of the driver,

• — interior zone 2: — in front of the torso reference line in relation to the seating position of the driver, — below the R-point of the seating position of the driver, and

• — interior zone 3: — behind the torso reference line in relation to the seating position of the driver, — in front of the torso reference line in relation to the seating position of the rearmost passenger, — above the R-point of the lowest seating position other than that of the driver.

• 1.1.1.1.By way of derogation to Article 2(5) of this Regulation and for the purpose of this Annex, a vehicle is deemed to have bodywork, and thus an interior, if it is fitted with safety glazing, side doors, side pillars and/or a roof creating an enclosed or partly enclosed compartment. The technical service shall provide clear justification for the judgment criteria in the test report.

• 1.1.2. All vehicle doors and glazing shall be in the closed position. If the vehicle is fitted with a roof which can be opened or removed, this shall be in the closed position.

• 1.1.3. Other elements in the interior which have multiple positions of use, such as levers, sun visors, cup holders, ash trays, ventilation outlets, knobs and buttons, shall be assessed in all positions in which they can be placed, including all intermediate positions. Storage compartments (e.g. glove box) shall be assessed in the closed position.

• 1.1.4. Materials which are softer than 50 Shore (A) hardness shall be disregarded in the assessment of compliance with the requirements. The technical service may therefore request the removal of such materials during the type-approval checks.

• 1.1.5. The front side of seat structures shall be disregarded. The rear side of seat structures in interior zone 3 shall comply with the requirements of Part 1 (with any soft materials removed) or with the relevant requirements for seat areas 1, 2 and 3 in UNECE regulation No 17, as prescribed for vehicle category M1.

• 1.1.6. Testing apparatus

• 1.1.6.1.A head-form testing apparatus shall be used in interior zones 1 and 3 to simulate situations where edges may come into contact with the head of an occupant. The apparatus shall consist of a sphere with a diameter of 165 mm. Where necessary, a force not exceeding 2,0 daN shall be applied with the testing apparatus in order to expose edges.

• 1.1.6.2.A knee-form testing apparatus shall be used in interior zone 2 to simulate situations where edges may come into contact with the knees of an occupant. The specifications of the knee-form testing apparatus shall be as set out in Appendix 1 to Part 1. Where necessary, a force not exceeding 2,0 daN shall be applied with the testing apparatus in order to expose edges.

• 1.1.6.3.The testing apparatus itself shall not be moved out of the zone which is being assessed; however, the head-form testing apparatus may be moved below the lower horizontal boundary of interior zone 1 and the knee-form testing apparatus may be moved above the upper horizontal boundary of interior zone 2 as long as the relevant point of contact still lies within the zone which is being assessed (i.e. no overlap of contact points). If the interior of the vehicle is open to the outside, for instance due to the absence of doors or a roof, an imaginary exterior boundary shall be taken into account as if the entire vehicle, and thus its openings, were covered with a thin plastic wrapping sheet.

• 1.1.6.3.1.However, in case the level of the instrument panel is located above the level of the horizontal plane coinciding with the R-point of the seating position of the driver, a knee-form testing apparatus shall be used above the upper horizontal boundary of interior zone 2 to assess contactable edges of the instrument panel, as well as any elements mounted directly onto it, located below the level of the instrument panel. The technical service shall clearly indicate in the test report which parts of the interior are deemed to be instrument panel and relevant elements, in agreement with the type-approval authority. The steering control shall be disregarded for the determination of the level of the instrument panel.

2. Specific requirements and tests

• 2.1. Interior zone 1:

• 2.1.1. In this zone, a head-form testing apparatus shall be moved in all directions possible. All contactable edges, except those mentioned below, shall be rounded with a radius of curvature of at least 3,2 mm.

• 2.1.2. Contactable edges above the level of the instrument panel which are either a part of the instrument panel or of elements mounted directly onto the instrument panel shall be rounded with a radius of curvature of at least 2,5 mm.

• 2.1.3. Parts in interior zone 1 which are covered by a forward horizontal projection of a circle circumscribing the outer limits of the steering control, plus a peripheral band 127 mm in width, shall be disregarded. Parts shall be considered with the steering control placed in all positions of use (i.e. only disregard the projection which is covered in all cases).

• 2.1.4. Contactable edges on the instrument panel which will be covered by an inflated airbag in the event of a collision shall be at least blunted.

• 2.1.5. Contactable edges of the steering control shall be rounded with a radius of curvature of at least 2,5 mm.

• 2.1.6. Contactable edges of the steering control which will be covered by an inflated airbag in the event of a collision shall be at least blunted.

• 2.1.7. Contactable edges of vanes and openings of ventilation outlets shall be at least blunted.

• 2.1.8. Contactable edges of type-approved interior rear-view mirrors (Class I) are deemed to comply with the requirements of this Annex.

• 2.2. Interior zone 2:

• 2.2.1. In this zone, as well as that covered by point 1.1.6.3.1., a knee-form testing apparatus shall be moved from any given starting location in a horizontal and forward direction, while the orientation of the X-axis of the device may be varied within the specified limits. All contactable edges, except those mentioned below, shall be rounded with a radius of curvature of at least 3.2 mm. Contacts made with the rear face of the device shall be disregarded.

• 2.2.2. Operating pedals and their fixtures shall be disregarded.

• 2.3. Interior zone 3:

• 2.3.1. In this zone, a head-form testing apparatus shall be moved in all directions possible. All contactable edges, except those mentioned below, shall be rounded with a radius of curvature of at least 3,2 mm.

• 2.3.2. Contactable edges on the rear side of seat structures may alternatively comply with the specific requirements of seat areas 1, 2 and 3 referred to in point 1.1.5.

• 2.4. Interior zones 1, 2 and 3

• 2.4.1. Radii of contactable edges that cannot be determined accurately with the use of conventional measuring tools (e.g. radius gauge) due to oblique corners, limited protrusions, character or style lines, ribs and bumps as well as surface graining, are deemed in compliance with the requirements provided that such edges are at least blunted.

• 2.4.2. The vehicle manufacturer may as an alternative choose to apply in full all relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 21 ([^E0028]) as prescribed for vehicle category M1, covering the entire, not just portions, of the interior.

Appendix 1

Testing apparatus

1. Knee-form testing apparatus

• 1.1. Diagram of the testing apparatus:

Figure 16-P1-Ap1-1

Image omitted; see official source

• 1. Procedure for use:

• 2.1. The testing apparatus shall be placed in any position so that:

• — plane X-X’ remains parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, and

• — axis X can be rotated above and below the horizontal through angles of up to 30°.

PART 2

Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to doors

1. Requirements and test

• 1.1. Vehicles of categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e which are fitted with doors shall meet the following requirements:

• 1.1.1. Each door shall be fitted with a device which keeps it in a closed position. A door may be fitted with hinges and/or other retaining mechanisms, systems or devices, and a closed door may have gaps and openings to the outside.

• 1.1.2. Each door shall be capable of withstanding a push force of 200 daN, delivered by a flat-ended ram applied in an outward and horizontal (and thus in the vehicle’s transverse) direction. The end of the ram shall have an overall diameter not exceeding 50 mm and may have rounded edges. The force shall be applied either onto the door centre or at another point in the transverse vertical plane passing through the R-point of the seating position closest to the door in question at a height corresponding to that of the R-point or a point up to 500 mm above it. Interior fittings, components or other elements which interfere with the application of the force shall be removed during the test.

• 1.1.2.1.The device or devices which keep the door in a closed position shall not fail, release or open completely within 0,2 seconds of reaching the minimum prescribed application force and the door shall remain closed after removal of the force. Gaps and openings to the outside due to flexing of materials are permitted.

ANNEX XVIII

Requirements regarding maximum continuous rated or net power and/or maximum vehicle speed limitation by design

1. Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to maximum continuous rated or net power and/or maximum vehicle speed limitation by design

• 1.1. Vehicles of the specified categories shall comply with the maximum vehicle speed and, if applicable, the maximum continuous rated or net power requirements in Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

• 1.1.1. Such vehicles shall be equipped with devices which limit the maximum vehicle speed that can be attained on a horizontal, flat and smooth surface and/or devices which limit the maximum continuous rated or net power output.

• 1.1.2. Such devices shall operate on the following principles:

• 1.1.2.1. For vehicles with positive-ignition engines propelling the vehicle either directly or through a mechanical or hydraulic transmission:

Maximum vehicle speed and/or maximum power shall be limited by adjusting two or more of the following:

• — the properties, timing or presence of the spark igniting the fuel/air mixture in the cylinder(s),

• — the amount of air intake of the engine,

• — the amount of fuel intake of the engine, and

• — the electronically and/or mechanically controlled output rotation speed of the drive-train, such as clutch, gearbox or final drive.

• 1.1.2.1.1. Adjustment of the spark properties, including timing and/or presence, in order to limit the maximum design vehicle speed and/or maximum power shall be allowed for (sub)categories L3e-A2 (only if maximum net power ≥ 20 kW), L3e-A3, L4e-A, L5e, L6eB and L7eC. It may also be allowed for other (sub)categories provided that the adjustment concept does not negatively affect emission of gaseous pollutants, CO2 emissions and fuel consumption while at maximum design vehicle speed and/or maximum power conditions which shall be verified by the technical service.

• 1.1.2.2. For vehicles with compression-ignition engines propelling the vehicle either directly or through a mechanical or hydraulic transmission:

Maximum vehicle speed and/or maximum power shall be limited by adjusting two or more of the following:

• — the amount of air intake of the engine,

• — the amount of fuel intake of the engine, and

• — the electronically and/or mechanically controlled output rotation speed of the drive-train, such as clutch, gearbox or final drive.

• 1.1.2.3. For vehicles which are propelled by means of one or more electric motors, including pure and hybrid electric vehicles:

Maximum vehicle speed and/or maximum power shall be limited by means of two or more of the following:

• — reduction of the maximum power output of one or more electric motors based on the vehicle or rotation speed as sensed internally to the electric motor,

• — reduction of the maximum power output of one or more electric motors based on the actual vehicle speed as sensed fully externally to the electric motor, and

• — physical vehicle speed limitation by means of internal or external components such as a maximum achievable revolution speed of an electric motor.

• 1.1.2.4. For vehicles which are propelled by means other than those listed above:

Maximum vehicle speed and/or maximum power shall be limited by two or more separate means, which shall as far as possible be based on the abovementioned adjustment, reduction or physical speed limitation principles.

• 1.1.2.5. At least two of the limitation methods used, as referred to in points 1.1.2.1 to 1.1.2.4., shall operate independently of each other, be different in nature and have different design philosophies, although they may apply similar elements (e.g. both methods based on the notion of rotation speed as a criterion, but one measured inside a motor and the other in the drive-train's transmission). Failure of one method to work as intended (e.g. due to tampering) shall not impair the limitation function of other methods. In this case, the maximum power and/or vehicle speed which can be attained may be lower than under normal conditions. Without prejudice to the conformity of production tolerance set out in point 4.1.4. of Annex IV to Regulation (EU) No 44/2014, the maximum power and/or vehicle speed may not be higher than demonstrated at type-approval, if one out of the two redundant limitation methods is eliminated.

• 1.1.2.6. The vehicle manufacturer shall be allowed to make use of limitation methods other than those listed in points 1.1.2.1 to 1.1.2.4. if the manufacturer can prove to the technical service and to the satisfaction of the type approval authority that those alternative limitation methods meet the principles of redundancy set out in point 1.1.2.5. and provided that at least one of the parameters listed in points 1.1.2.1., 1.1.2.2. or 1.1.2.3. (e.g. limitation of fuel mass, air mass, spark delivery and drivetrain rotation limitation) is applied in one of the limitation methods.

• 1.1.2.7. The manufacturer shall be allowed to combine two or more of the individual limitation methods referred to in points 1.1.2.1 to 1.1.2.4. as part of a limitation strategy. Such combination of limitation methods shall be regarded as a single limitation method within the meaning of point 1.1.2.5.

• 1.1.2.8. Individual limitation methods or combinations of the limitation methods referred to in points 1.1.2.1 to 1.1.2.4. may be applied more than once provided that their multiple uses operate independently of each other, as required by point 1.1.2.5., so that failure of one of the methods to work as intended (e.g. due to tampering) does not impair the functioning in another application, of the same limitation method or combination of methods.

• 1.1.2.9. A limitation strategy that in case of failure (e.g. due to tampering) includes the activation of a special operating (e.g. ‘limp home’) mode with substantially reduced maximum vehicle speed and/or maximum power not suitable for normal operation or that activates an ignition interlock preventing the engine from running for as long as the failure remains, shall be regarded as one limitation method.

• 1.1.3. The maximum vehicle speed or power shall not be limited by means of a mechanical throttle stop or any other mechanical stop that limits the opening of a throttle to restrict the engine’s air intake.

• 1.1.4. The provision and use of any other means enabling the vehicle operator to directly or indirectly adjust, set, select or alter the maximum propulsion unit performance determined on the basis of the information submitted in accordance with Annex I, Part B, point 2.8., items 1.8.2. to 1.8.9. of Regulation (EU) No 901/2014 (e.g. high performance switch, special encoded recognition transponder in ignition key, physical or electronic jumper setting, selectable option through electronic menu, programmable feature of control unit) resulting in exceedance is prohibited.

2. Requirements concerning type-approval demonstration

• 2.1. The vehicle manufacturer shall demonstrate compliance with the specific requirements of points 1.1 to 1.1.2.9 by proving that two or more of the methods implemented, by integrating specific devices and/or functions in the vehicle propulsion system, ensure the required maximum continuous rated or net power and/or maximum vehicle speed limitation and that each method does so in a fully independent manner.

• 2.1.1. The vehicle manufacturer shall prepare the demonstration vehicle so as to ensure that only one method is applied during the type-approval test. The specific vehicle preparation and demonstration test shall be carried out in full agreement with the technical service.

• 2.1.2. The technical service may request the preparation and demonstration of additional failure modes which may be the result of intentional tampering and may or may not cause damage to the vehicle.

ANNEX XIX

Requirements regarding vehicle structure integrity

1. Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to structural integrity

• 1.1.Vehicles shall be so designed and constructed as to be sufficiently robust to withstand their intended use over their normal lifetime, taking into account regular and scheduled maintenance and specific equipment adjustments clearly and unambiguously set out in the instruction manual provided with the vehicle. The vehicle manufacturer shall provide a signed statement to this effect.

• 1.1.1.Vehicles of category L1e-A and cycles designed to pedal of vehicle category L1e-B shall be designed and constructed as to conform with all prescriptions regarding requirements and test methods laid down for handlebar stem-assembly, seat-post, front forks and frames as encompassed in standard ISO 4210:2014, irrespective of any scope mismatch in that technical standard. The minimum value of the required test forces shall be in accordance with Table 19-1 in point 1.1.1.1.

• 1.1.1.1.

Table 19-1 Test and minimum forces or number of test cycles for vehicles of category L1e-A and cycles designed to pedal of vehicle category L1e-B Subject Name of test Reference of test which shall be used Minimum value of the required test force or minimum number of test cycles Handlebar and stem Lateral bending test (static test) ISO 4210-5:2014, test method 4.3 800 N (= Force, F2) Fatigue test (Stage 1 — Out of phase loading) ISO 4210-5:2014, test method 4.9 270 N (= Force, F6) Fatigue test (Stage 2 — In phase loading) ISO 4210-5:2014, test method 4.9 370 N (= Force, F7) Frame Fatigue test with pedalling forces ISO 4210-6:2014, test method 4.3 1 000 N (= Force, F1) Fatigue test with horizontal forces ISO 4210-6:2014, test method 4.4 Forward force, F2 = 850 N, Rearward force, F3 = 850 N, C1 = 100 000 (= Number of test cycles) Fatigue test with a vertical force ISO 4210-6:2014, test method 4.5 1 100 N (= Force, F4) Front fork Static bending test ISO 4210-6:2014, test method 5.3 1 500 N (= Force, F5) Seat-post Stage 1, fatigue test ISO 4210-9:2014, test method 4.5.2 1 100 N (= Force, F3) Stage 2, static strength test ISO 4210-9:2014, test method 4.5.3 2 000 N (= Force, F4)

• 1.1.2.Cycles designed to pedal of vehicle category L1e-B shall have a mass in running order ≤ 35 kg and shall be fitted with pedals enabling the vehicle to be propelled solely by the rider’s muscular leg power. The vehicle shall feature adjustable rider positioning in order to enhance the ergonomic posture of the rider for pedalling. The auxiliary propulsion power shall be added to the driver’s pedal power and shall be less than or equal to four times the actual pedal power.

• 1.2.Vehicle assembly and construction in the assembly plant(s), in particular the processes relating to the vehicle frame, chassis and/or body and the  powertrain, shall be covered by a quality assurance system to ensure that essential mechanical connections such as welds and threaded connections, as well as other relevant material characteristics, are checked and verified as appropriate.

• 1.2.1.The requirements of point 1.2 shall be covered by the vehicle manufacturers’ obligations regarding the conformity of production arrangements referred to in Article 33 of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

• 1.3.In accordance with Annex VIII to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013, the type-approval authority shall verify that in the event of a recall due to a serious safety risk, specific analysis of vehicle structures, components and/or parts by means of engineering calculations, virtual testing methods and/or structural testing can upon request be made available without delay to the approval authority and the European Commission.

• 1.4.Vehicle type-approval shall not be granted if there is reason to doubt that the vehicle manufacturer is able to make available the analysis referred to in point 1.3. This doubt could relate either to the accessibility or the existence of such analysis (e.g. application for type-approval of a limited batch of vehicles from a non-established manufacturer represented by a party unlikely to have any meaningful access to such analysis).

[^E0001]: OJ L 215, 14.8.2010, p. 27.

[^E0002]: OJ L 230, 31.8.2010, p. 119.

[^E0003]: OJ L 166, 18.6.2013, p. 55.

[^E0004]: OJ L 230, 31.8.2010, p. 81.

[^E0005]: OJ L 84, 30.3.2011, p. 46.

[^E0006]: OJ L 307, 23.11.2011, p. 1.

[^E0007]: OJ L 307, 23.11.2011, p. 2.

[^E0008]: OJ L 257, 30.9.2010, p. 231.

[^E0009]: OJ L 323, 6.12.2011, p. 33.

[^E0010]: OJ L 57, 2.3.2011, p. 54.

[^E0011]: OJ L 42, 12.2.2014, p. 1.

[^E0012]: OJ L 292, 10.11.2010, p. 2.

[^E0013]: OJ L 200, 31.7.2010, p. 38.

[^E0014]: OJ L 164, 30.6.2010, p. 231.

[^E0015]: OJ L 196, 28.7.2010, p. 5.

[^E0016]: OJ L 177, 10.7.2010, p. 290.

[^E0017]: OJ L 166, 18.6.2013, p. 88.

[^E0018]: OJ L 323, 6.12.2011, p. 46.

[^E0019]: OJ L 237, 8.8.2014, p. 1

[^E0020]: OJ L 4, 7.1.2012, p. 27

[^E0021]: OJ L 109, 28.4.2011, p. 1.

[^E0022]: OJ L 233, 9.9.2011, p. 95.

[^E0023]: Council Directive 92/23/EEC of 31 March 1992 on tyres for motor vehicles and their trailers (OJ L 129, 14.5.1992, p. 95).

[^E0024]: Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate technical units intended therefor (OJ L 200, 31.7.2009, p. 1).

[^E0027]: OJ L 75, 14.3.2014, p. 29

[^E0028]: OJ L 188, 16.7.2008, p. 32.