Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1322/2014 of 19 September 2014 supplementing and amending Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to vehicle construction and general requirements for the approval of agricultural and forestry vehicles Text with EEA relevance

The median plane of the wheel is equidistant from the two planes containing the periphery of the rims at their outer edges.

1.3.2.   Definition of track

The vertical plane through the wheel axis intersects its median plane along a straight line which meets the supporting surface at one point. If A and B are the two points thus defined for the wheels on the same axle of the tractor, then the track width is the distance between points A and B. The track may be thus defined for both front and rear wheels. Where there are twin wheels, the track is the distance between two planes each being the median plane of the pairs of wheels.

For track-laying tractors, the track is the distance between the median planes of the tracks.

1.3.3.   Additional definition: median plane of the tractor

Take the extreme positions of points A and B for the tractor rear axle, which gives the maximum possible value for the track. The vertical plane at right angles to the line AB at its centre point is the median plane of the tractor.

• 1.4. Wheelbase

The distance between the vertical planes passing through the two lines AB as defined above, one for the front wheels and one for the rear-wheels.

• 1.5. Determination of seat index point; Seat location and adjustment for test

1.5.1.   Seat Index Point (SIP) ([^E0002])

The seat index point shall be determined in accordance with ISO 5353:1995.

1.5.2.   Seat location and adjustment for test

• 1.5.2.1.Where the inclination of the backrest and seat pan is adjustable, these must be adjusted so that the Seat Index Point is in its rear uppermost position;

• 1.5.2.2.Where the seat is equipped with suspension, the latter must be blocked at mid-travel, unless this is contrary to the instructions clearly laid down by the seat manufacturer;

• 1.5.2.3.Where the position of the seat is adjustable only lengthwise and vertically, the longitudinal axis passing through the Seat Index Point shall be parallel with the vertical longitudinal plane of the tractor passing through the centre of the steering wheel and not more than 100 mm from that plane.

• 1.6. Clearance zone

1.6.1.   Reference plane

The clearance zone is illustrated in Figures 3.8 to 3.10 and Table 3.3. The zone is defined in relation to the reference plane and the Seat Index Point. The reference plane is a vertical plane, generally longitudinal to the tractor and passing through the Seat Index Point and the centre of the steering wheel. Normally the reference plane coincides with the longitudinal median plane of the tractor. This reference plane shall be assumed to move horizontally with the seat and steering wheel during loading but to remain perpendicular to the tractor or the floor of the roll-over protective structure. The clearance zone shall be defined on the basis of sub clauses 1.6.2 and 1.6.3.

1.6.2.   Determination of clearance zone for tractors with a non-reversible seat

The clearance zone for tractors with a non-reversible seat is defined in 1.6.2.1 to 1.6.2.10 below and is bounded by the following planes, the tractor being on a horizontal surface, the seat, where adjustable, adjusted to its rear uppermost position (2) , and the steering wheel, where adjustable, adjusted to the mid position for seated driving:

• 1.6.2.1. a horizontal plane A1 B1 B2 A2, (810 + av) mm above the seat index point (SIP) with line B1B2 located (ah – 10) mm behind the SIP;

• 1.6.2.2. an inclined plane G1 G2 I2 I1, perpendicular to the reference plane, including both a point 150 mm behind line B1B2 and the rearmost point of the seat backrest;

• 1.6.2.3. a cylindrical surface A1 A2 I2 I1 perpendicular to the reference plane, having a radius of 120 mm, tangential to the planes defined in 1.6.2.1 and 1.6.2.2 above;

• 1.6.2.4. a cylindrical surface B1 C1 C2 B2, perpendicular to the reference plane, having a radius of 900 mm extending forward for 400 mm and tangential to the plane defined in 1.6.2.1 above along line B1B2;

• 1.6.2.5. an inclined plane C1 D1 D2 C2, perpendicular to the reference plane, joining the surface defined in 1.6.2.4 above and passing 40 mm from the forward external edge of the steering wheel. In the case of a high steering wheel position, this plane extends forward from line B1B2 tangentially to the surface defined in 1.6.2.4 above;

• 1.6.2.6. a vertical plane D1 E1 E2 D2 perpendicular to the reference plane 40 mm forward of the external edge of the steering wheel;

• 1.6.2.7. a horizontal plane E1 F1 F2 E2 passing through a point (90 – av) mm below the seat index point (SIP);

• 1.6.2.8. a surface G1 F1 F2 G2, if necessary curved from the bottom limit of the plane defined in 1.6.2.2 above to the horizontal plane defined in 1.6.2.7 above, perpendicular to the reference plane, and in contact with the seat backrest throughout its length;

• 1.6.2.9. vertical planes J1 E1 F1 G1 H1 and J2 E2 F2 G2 H2. These vertical planes shall extend upwards from plane E1 F1 F2 E2 for 300 mm; the distances E1 E0 and E2 E0 shall be 250 mm;

• 1.6.2.10. parallel planes A1 B1 C1 D1 J1 H1 I1 and A2 B2 C2 D2 J2 H2 I2 inclined so that the upper edge of the plane on the side on which the force is applied is at least 100 mm from the vertical reference plane.

1.6.3.   Determination of clearance zone for tractors with a reversible driver’s position

For tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the clearance zone is the envelope of the two clearance zones defined by the two different positions of the steering wheel and the seat.

1.6.4.   Optional seats

• 1.6.4.1.In case of tractors that could be fitted with optional seats, the envelope comprising the seat index points of all options offered shall be used during the tests. The protective structure shall not enter the larger clearance zone which takes account of these different seat index points.

• 1.6.4.2.In the case where a new seat option is offered after the test has been performed, a determination shall be made to see whether the clearance zone around the new SIP falls within the envelope previously established. If it does not, a new test must be performed.

• 1.6.4.3.Optional seat does not include a seat for a person in addition to the driver and from where the tractor cannot be controlled. The SIP shall not be determined because the definition of the clearance zone is in relation to the driver seat.

• 1.7. Unballasted mass

The mass of the tractor without ballasting devices and, in the case of tractors with pneumatic tyres, without liquid ballast in the tyres. The tractor shall be in running order with tanks, circuits and radiator full, protective structure with cladding and any track equipment or additional front wheel drive components required for normal use. The operator is not included.

• 1.8. Permissible measurement tolerances

• Distance ± 0,5 mm

• Force ± 0,1 % (of the sensor full scale)

• Mass ± 0,2 % (of the sensor full scale)

• Tyre pressure ± 5,0 %

• Angle ± 0,1°

• 1.9. Symbols

ah	(mm)	Half of the horizontal seat adjustment
av	(mm)	Half of the vertical seat adjustment
E	(J)	Energy input during test
F	(N)	Static load force
H	(mm)	Height of lift of the centre of gravity of the pendulum block
I	(kg.m2)	Moment of inertia about rear axle, excluding wheels used for calculating rear impact energy
L	(mm)	Wheelbase used for calculating rear impact energy
M	(kg)	Mass used for calculating energy and crushing forces

2. Field of application

• 2.1. This Annex is applicable to tractors having at least two axles for pneumatic tyred wheels with or without track attachments and with an unballasted tractor mass greater than 600 kg but generally less than 6 000 kg.

• 2.2. The minimum track width of the rear-wheels should generally be greater than 1 150 mm. It is recognised that there may be designs of tractors, for example, lawn mowers, narrow vineyard tractors, low profile tractors used in buildings with limited overhead clearance or in orchards, high-clearance tractors and special forestry machines, such as forwarders and skidders, for which this Annex is not applicable.

3. Rules and directions

3.1.   General regulations

• 3.1.1. The protective structure may be manufactured either by the tractor manufacturer or by an independent firm. In either case a test is only valid for the model of tractor on which it is carried out. The protective structure must be retested for each model of tractor to which it is to be fitted. However, testing stations may certify that the strength tests are also valid for tractor models derived from the original model by modifications to the engine, transmission and steering and front suspension (see below 3.6: Extension to other tractor models). On the other hand, more than one protective structure may be tested for any one model of tractor.

• 3.1.2. The protective structure submitted for dynamic test must be supplied attached in the normal manner to the tractor model in connection with which it is being tested. The tractor submitted shall be complete and in running order.

• 3.1.3. Where a ‘tandem’ tractor is concerned, the mass of the standard version of that part to which the protective structure is fitted is to be used.

• 3.1.4. A protective structure may be designed solely to protect the driver in the event of the tractor overturning. Onto this structure it may be possible to fit weather protection for the driver, of a more or less temporary nature. The driver will usually remove this in warm weather. There are protective structures however, in which the cladding is permanent and warm weather ventilation provided by windows or flaps. As the cladding may add to the strength of the structure and if removable may well be absent when an accident occurs, all parts that can be so taken away by the driver will be removed for the purpose of the test. Doors, roof hatch and windows that can be opened shall be either removed or fixed in the open position for the test, so that they do not add to the strength of the protective structure. It shall be noted whether, in this position, they would create a hazard for the driver in the event of overturning.

Throughout the remainder of these rules, reference will only be made to testing the protective structure. It must be understood that this includes cladding not of a temporary nature.

A description of any temporary cladding supplied is to be included in the specifications. All glass or similar brittle material shall be removed prior to the test. Tractor and protective structure components which might sustain needless damage during the test and which do not affect the strength of the protective structure or its dimensions may be removed prior to the test if the manufacturer wishes. No repairs or adjustment may be carried out during the test.

• 3.1.5. Any component of the tractor contributing to the strength of the protective structure such as mud-guards, which has been reinforced by the manufacturer, should be described and its measurements given in the test report.

3.2.   Apparatus and test conditions

• 3.2.1. The structure shall be struck by a block acting as a pendulum and submit to a front and a rear crushing test.

• 3.2.2. The mass of the pendulum bloc (Figure 3.1) shall be 2 000 kg. Its impact face shall have dimensions 680 × 680 mm ± 20. It shall be made in such a way that the position of its centre of gravity is constant (for example with iron bars bound in concrete). It shall be suspended from a pivot point about 6 m above the floor in such a way that the height of the pendulum may be conveniently and safely adjusted.

• 3.2.3. For tractors with less than 50 % of their mass on the front wheels, the first blow shall be at the rear of the structure. This shall be followed by a crushing test also at the rear of the structure. The second blow shall be at the front and the third at the side. Finally, there shall be a second crushing test at the front.

For tractors with 50 % or more of their mass on the front wheels, the first blow shall be at the front and the second blow at the side. This shall be followed by the two crushing tests, firstly at the rear and secondly at the front.

• 3.2.4. For tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the first blow shall be longitudinal at the heavier end (with more than 50 % of the mass of the tractor). This shall be followed by a crushing test on the same end. The second blow shall be at the other end, and the third at the side. Finally, there shall be a second crushing test at the lighter end.

• 3.2.5. A track width setting for the rear-wheels shall be chosen such that the structure is in no way supported by the tyres during the test. This provision may be disregarded if such support is given when the wheels are in their widest alternative track setting.

• 3.2.6. The side of the tractor from which the side blow is struck shall be that which, in the opinion of the testing station, is likely to give the greatest distortion. The rear blow shall be on the corner opposite the side blow and the front blow on the corner nearer the side blow. The rear blow shall be administered at two-thirds the distance from the median plane of the tractor to the vertical plane touching the outside extremity of the structure. However, if a curve in the back of the structure starts at less than two-thirds of the distance from the centre, the blow shall be struck at the beginning of the curve, i.e. at the point where this curve is tangential to a line at right angles to the median plane of the tractor.

• 3.2.7. If, during the test, any lashings, props or blocks move or break, the test must be repeated.

3.3.   Impact tests

3.3.1.   Impact at the rear (Figures 3.2.a and 3.2.b)

• 3.3.1.1. The rear impact is not required on tractors having 50 % or more of their mass (as defined above) on the front wheels.

• 3.3.1.2. The tractor shall be placed in relation to the pendulum so that this will strike the structure when the striking face and the supporting chains are at an angle of 20° to the vertical unless the structure at the point of contact has, during deflection, a greater angle with the vertical. In this case the striking face shall be adjusted parallel to the side of the structure at the point of contact at the moment of maximum deflection by an additional support, the supporting chains remaining at an angle of 20° to the vertical. The point of impact shall be that part of the structure likely to hit the ground first in a rearward overturning accident, normally the upper edge. The height of the pendulum will be so adjusted that it has no tendency to turn about the point of contact.

• 3.3.1.3. The tractor will be lashed down. The points of attachment of the lashings shall be approximately 2 m behind the rear axle and 1,5 m in front of the front axle. There shall be two lashings on each axle, one on each side of the median plane of the tractor. The lashings shall be steel cable of 12,5 to 15 mm diameter, tensile strength1 100 -1 260 MPa. The tyres of the tractor shall be inflated, and the lashings tightened to give tyre pressures and deflections, as shown in the Table 3.1, below.

After the lashings have been tightened a wood beam 150 × 150 mm shall be clamped in front of the rear-wheels, driven tight against them.

• 3.3.1.4. The pendulum shall be pulled back so that the height H of its centre of gravity above that at the point of impact is given by one of the following formulae at the option of the manufacturer:

Image omitted; see official source

or

Image omitted; see official source

• 3.3.1.5. The pendulum shall be released and allowed to crash against the structure. The quick release mechanism must be so positioned that it does not tilt the weight in relation to the chains supporting it at the moment of release.

Table 3.1

Tyre Pressures

	Tyre pressures kPa [^E0003]	Deflection mm
Four-wheel drive tractors with front and rear wheels of the same size:	Four-wheel drive tractors with front and rear wheels of the same size:	Four-wheel drive tractors with front and rear wheels of the same size:
Front	100	25
Rear	100	25
Four-wheel drive tractors with front wheels smaller than rear wheels:	Four-wheel drive tractors with front wheels smaller than rear wheels:	Four-wheel drive tractors with front wheels smaller than rear wheels:
Front	150	20
Rear	100	25
Two-wheel drive tractors:	Two-wheel drive tractors:	Two-wheel drive tractors:
Front	200	15
Rear	100	25

No water ballast is to be used.

3.3.2.   Impact at the front (Figures 3.3.a and 3.3.b)

• 3.3.2.1. This shall be carried out in the same way as the impact at the rear. The lashings shall be the same but the wooden beam shall be behind the rear-wheels. The height of fall of the centre of gravity of the pendulum shall be given by the following formula:

Image omitted; see official source

• 3.3.2.2. The point of impact shall be that part of the structure that would hit the ground first when turning over sideways while travelling forward, normally the top of the front corner.

3.3.3.   Impact at the side (Figure 3.4)

• 3.3.3.1. The tractor shall be placed in relation to the pendulum so that this will strike the structure when the striking face and the supporting chains are vertical unless the structure at the point of contact is, during deflection, other than vertical. In this case the striking face shall be adjusted so that it is approximately parallel to the structure at the point of contact at the moment of maximum deflection. This adjustment shall be made by an additional support, the supporting chains remaining vertical at the moment of impact. The point of impact shall be that part of the structure likely to hit the ground first in a sideways overturning accident, normally the upper edge.

• 3.3.3.2. Unless it is certain that any other part of this edge would hit the ground first, the point of impact shall be in the plane at right angles to the median plane of the tractor and passing 60 mm in front of the seat index point, the seat being at its mid-point of longitudinal adjustment. The height of the pendulum will be so adjusted that it has no tendency to turn about the point of contact.

• 3.3.3.3. For tractors with a reversible driver’s position, the point of impact shall be in the plane at right angles to the median plane of the tractor and at the mid-point between the two seat index points.

• 3.3.3.4. The rear-wheel of the tractor on the side to be struck shall be lashed down. The tension in the lashings shall be determined as for the impact at the rear. After lashing, a beam 150 × 150 mm shall be clamped against the side of the rear-wheel opposite the blow, and driven hard against the tyre. A beam shall be placed as a prop against this wheel and secured on the floor so that it is held tight against the wheel during impact. The length of this beam shall be chosen so that when in position against the wheel it makes an angle of 25 to 40° with the horizontal. Furthermore its length shall be 20 to 25 times its thickness and its width 2 to 3 times its thickness.

• 3.3.3.5. The pendulum shall be pulled back as in the previous tests so that the height H of its centre of gravity above that at the moment of impact is determined by the following formula:

Image omitted; see official source

• 3.3.3.6. During the side impact test the difference between the maximum momentary deflection and the permanent deflection at a height of (810 + av) mm above the seat index point shall be recorded. This may be done with a device on which a moving friction collar shall be fitted on a horizontal rod. One end of the rod shall be attached to the top member of the structure and the other will pass through a hole in a vertical bar attached to tractor chassis. The collar will be positioned against the vertical bar attached to tractor chassis before the blow and its distance from it after the blow will give the difference between the maximum momentary deflection and the permanent deflection.

3.4.   Crushing tests

It may be necessary to hold down the front of the tractor when carrying out the test at the rear. Blocks will be placed under the axles so that the tyres do not bear crushing force. The cross beam used shall have a width of approximately 250 mm and shall be connected to the load applying mechanism by universal joints (Figure 3.5).

3.4.1.   Crushing at the rear (Figures 3.6.a and 3.6.b)

• 3.4.1.1. The crushing beam shall be positioned across the rear uppermost structural members so that the resultant of the crushing forces is located in the vertical reference plane of the tractor. The crushing force (F) shall be applied where:

F = 20 M

This force shall be maintained for 5 seconds after cessation of any visually detectable movement of the protective structure.

• 3.4.1.2. Where the rear part of the protective structure roof will not sustain the full crushing force (Figures 3.7.a and 3.7.b), the force shall be applied until the roof is deflected to coincide with the plane joining the upper part of the protective structure with that part of the rear of the tractor capable of supporting the tractor when overturned.

The force shall then be removed and the crushing beam repositioned over that part of the protective structure that would support the tractor when completely overturned. The crushing force F shall be applied.

3.4.2.   Crushing at the front (Figures 3.6.a and 3.6.b)

• 3.4.2.1. The crushing beam shall be positioned across the front uppermost structural members so that the resultant of the crushing forces is located in the vertical reference plane of the tractor. The crushing force (F) shall be applied where:

F = 20 M

This force shall be maintained for 5 seconds after cessation of any visually detectable movement of the protective structure.

• 3.4.2.2. When the front part of the roof of the protective structure will not sustain the full crushing force (Figures 3.7.a and 3.7.b), the force shall be applied until the roof is deflected to coincide with the plane joining the upper part of the protective structure with that part of the front of the tractor capable of supporting the tractor when overturned.

The force shall then be removed and the crushing beam repositioned over that part of the protective structure that would support the tractor when completely overturned. The crushing force F shall then be applied.

3.5.   Conditions for acceptance

• 3.5.1. The structure and tractor shall be visually examined for cracks and tears after each part of the test. For the structure to pass the test the following conditions shall be complied with:

• 3.5.1.1. there shall be no cracks in structural members, mounting components or tractor parts contributing to the strength of the protective structure (except as covered by 3.5.1.3 below);

• 3.5.1.2. there shall be no cracks in welds contributing to the strength of the protective structure or its mounting components. Spot or tack welding used for the attachment of cladding panels shall normally be excluded from this condition;

• 3.5.1.3. energy-absorbing tears in sheet metal structures are acceptable, providing that they are judged by the testing station to have not significantly reduced the resistance to deflection of the protective structure. Tears in sheet metal components caused by edges of the pendulum weight shall be ignored;

• 3.5.1.4. the required force must be sustained in both crushing tests;

• 3.5.1.5. the difference between the maximum momentary deflection and the permanent deflection in the side impact test must not exceed 250 mm (Figure 3.11);

• 3.5.1.6. no part shall enter the clearance zone during any part of the tests. No part may strike the seat during the tests. Furthermore, the clearance zone shall not be outside the protection of the protective structure. For this purpose, it shall be considered to be outside the protection of the structure if any part of it would come in contact with flat ground if the tractor overturned towards the direction from which the test load is applied. For estimating this, the tyres and track width setting shall be the smallest standard fitting specified by the manufacturer.

• 3.5.1.7. for the articulated tractors, the median planes of the two parts shall be assumed to be in line.

• 3.5.2. After the final crushing test, the permanent deformation of the protective structure shall be recorded. For this purpose, before the start of the test, the position of the main members in relation to the seat index point must be recorded. Then any movement of the members struck in the tests and any change of the height of the front and back members of the roof shall be recorded.

3.6.   Extension to other tractor models

• 3.6.1. [Not applicable]

• 3.6.2. Technical extension

When technical modifications occur on the tractor, the protective structure or the method of attachment of the protective structure to the tractor, the testing station that has carried out the original test can issue a ‘technical extension report’ in the following cases:

3.6.2.1.   Extension of the structural test results to other models of tractors

The impact and crushing tests need not be carried out on each model of tractor, provided that the protective structure and tractor comply with the conditions referred to hereunder 3.6.2.1.1 to 3.6.2.1.5.

• 3.6.2.1.1.The structure shall be identical to the one tested;

• 3.6.2.1.2.The required energy shall not exceed the energy calculated for the original test by more than 5 %. The 5 % limit shall also apply to extensions in the case of substituting tracks for wheels on the same tractor;

• 3.6.2.1.3.The method of attachment and the tractor components to which the attachment is made shall be identical;

• 3.6.2.1.4.Any components such as mud-guards and bonnet that may provide support for the protective structure shall be identical;

• 3.6.2.1.5.The position and critical dimensions of the seat in the protective structure and the relative position of the protective structure on the tractor shall be such that the clearance zone would have remained within the protection of the deflected structure throughout all tests (this shall be checked by using the same reference of clearance zone as in the original test report, respectively Seat Reference Point [SRP] or Seat Index Point [SIP]).

3.6.2.2.   Extension of the structural test results to modified models of the protective structure

This procedure has to be followed when the provisions of paragraph 3.6.2.1 are not fulfilled, it may not be used when the method of attachment of the protective structure to the tractor does not remain of the same principle (e.g. rubber supports replaced by a suspension device):

• 3.6.2.2.1. Modifications having no impact on the results of the initial test (e.g. weld attachment of the mounting plate of an accessory in a non-critical location on the structure), addition of seats with different SIP location in the protective structure (subject to checking that the new clearance zone(s) remain(s) within the protection of the deflected structure throughout all tests);

• 3.6.2.2.2. Modifications having a possible impact on the results of the original test without calling into question the acceptability of the protective structure (e.g. modification of a structural component, modification of the method of attachment of the protective structure to the tractor). A validation test can be carried out and the test results will be drafted in the extension report. The following limits for this type extension are fixed:
• 3.6.2.2.2.1. No more than 5 extensions may be accepted without a validation test;
• 3.6.2.2.2.2. The results of the validation test will be accepted for extension if all the acceptance conditions of this Annex are fulfilled and if the deflection measured after each impact test does not deviate from the deflection measured after each impact test in the original test report by more than ± 7 %;
• 3.6.2.2.2.3. More than one protective structure modifications may be included in a single extension report if they represent different options of the same protective structure, but only one validation test can be accepted in a single extension report. The options not tested shall be described in a specific section of the extension report.

• 3.6.2.2.3. Increase of the reference mass declared by the manufacturer for a protective structure already tested. If the manufacturer wants to keep the same approval number it is possible to issue an extension report after having carried out a validation test (the limits of ± 7 % specified in 3.6.2.2.2.2 are not applicable in such a case).

• 3.7. [Not applicable]

• 3.8. Cold weather performance of protective structures

• 3.8.1. If the protective structure is claimed to have properties resistant to cold weather embrittlement, the manufacturer shall give details that shall be included in the report.

• 3.8.2. When applicable, cold weather embrittlement properties shall be verified either in accordance with the requirements in points 3.8.2.1. to 3.8.2.7., or with the requirements in point 3.8.3.

Table 3.2

Minimum Charpy V-notch impact energies

Specimen size	Energy at	Energy at
	– 30 °C	– 20 °C
mm	J	J [^E0005]
10 × 10 [^E0004]	11	27,5
10 × 9	10	25
10 × 8	9,5	24
10 × 7,5 [^E0004]	9,5	24
10 × 7	9	22,5
10 × 6,7	8,5	21
10 × 6	8	20
10 × 5 [^E0004]	7,5	19
10 × 4	7	17,5
10 × 3,5	6	15
10 × 3	6	15
10 × 2,5 [^E0004]	5,5	14

Indicates preferred size. Specimen size shall be no less than largest preferred size that the material permits.

The energy requirement at – 20 °C is 2,5 times the value specified for – 30 °C. Other factors affect impact energy strength, i.e. direction of rolling, yield strength, grain orientation and welding. These factors shall be considered when selecting and using steel.

• 3.8.2.1. Bolts and nuts used to attach the protective structure to the tractor and used to connect structural parts of the protective structure shall exhibit suitable controlled reduced temperature toughness properties.

• 3.8.2.2. All welding electrodes used in the fabrication of structural members and mounts shall be compatible with the protective structure material as given in 3.8.2.3 below.

• 3.8.2.3. Steel materials for structural members of the protective structure shall be of controlled toughness material exhibiting minimum Charpy V-Notch impact energy requirements as shown in Table 3.2. Steel grade and quality shall be specified in accordance with ISO 630:1995; Amd1:2003.

Steel with an as-rolled thickness less than 2,5 mm and with a carbon content less than 0,2 % is considered to meet this requirement. Structural members of the protective structure made from materials other than steel shall have equivalent low temperature impact resistance.

• 3.8.2.4. When testing the Charpy V-Notch impact energy requirements, the specimen size shall be no less than the largest of the sizes stated in Table 3.2 that the material will permit.

• 3.8.2.5. The Charpy V-Notch tests shall be made in accordance with the procedure in ASTM A 370-1979, except for specimen sizes that shall be in accordance with the dimensions given in Table 3.2.

• 3.8.2.6. Alternatives to this procedure are the use of killed or semi-killed steel for which an adequate specification shall be provided. Steel grade and quality shall be specified in accordance with ISO 630:1995; Amd1:2003.

• 3.8.2.7. Specimens are to be longitudinal and taken from flat stock, tubular or structural sections before forming or welding for use in the protective structure. Specimens from tubular or structural sections are to be taken from the middle of the side of greatest dimension and shall not include welds.

• 3.8.3. Resistance to cold weather embrittlement may be demonstrated by applying the rules and directions of Section 3 of this Point B at a reduced temperature of – 18 °C or colder. Prior to dynamic testing the protective structure and all mounting hardware shall be cooled to – 18 °C or colder.

• 3.9. [Not applicable]

Figure 3.1

Pendulum block and its suspending chains or wire ropes

(Dimensions in mm)

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 3.2

Method of impact from rear

Figure 3.2.a

Protective cab

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 3.2.b

Rear roll bar frame

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 3.3

Method of impact from front

Figure 3.3.a

Protective cab

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 3.3.b

Rear roll bar frame

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 3.4

Method of impact from side

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 3.5

Example of an arrangement for crushing tests

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 3.6

Position of beam for front and rear crushing tests

Figure 3.6.a

Protective cab

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 3.6.b

Rear roll bar frame

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 3.7

Position of beam for front crushing test when full crushing force not sustained in front

Figure 3.7.a

Protective cab

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 3.7.b

Rear roll bar frame

Image omitted; see official source

Table 3.3

Dimensions of the clearance zone

Dimensions	mm	Remarks
A1 A0	100	minimum
B1 B0	100	minimum
F1 F0	250	minimum
F2 F0	250	minimum
G1 G0	250	minimum
G2 G0	250	minimum
H1 H0	250	minimum
H2 H0	250	minimum
J1 J0	250	minimum
J2 J0	250	minimum
E1 E0	250	minimum
E2 E0	250	minimum
D0 E0	300	minimum
J0 E0	300	minimum
A1 A2	500	minimum
B1 B2	500	minimum
C1 C2	500	minimum
D1 D2	500	minimum
I1 I2	500	minimum
F0 G0	—
I0 G0	—	depending on
C0 D0	—	the tractor
E0 F0	—

Figure 3.8

Clearance zone

Note:

for dimensions, see Table 3.3 above;

Image omitted; see official source

1 – Seat index point

Figure 3.9

Clearance zone

Figure 3.9.a Side view section in reference plane	Figure 3.9.b Rear or front view
Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source
---	---
1	–
---	---
2	–
---	---
3	–

Figure 3.10

Clearance zone for tractor with reversible seat and steering wheel

Figure 3.10.a

Protective cab

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 3.10.b

Rear roll bar frame

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 3.11

Example of apparatus for measuring elastic deflection

Image omitted; see official source

1	–	Permanent deflection
---	---	---
2	–	Elastic deflection
---	---	---
3	–	Total deflection (permanent plus elastic)

Explanatory notes to Annex VI

ANNEX VII

Requirements applying to roll-over protection structures (track-laying tractors)

A. GENERAL PROVISION

• 1.The Union requirements applying to roll-over protection structures (track-laying tractors) are set out in point B.

B. REQUIREMENTS APPLYING TO ROLL-OVER PROTECTION STRUCTURES (TRACK-LAYING TRACTORS)⁽¹⁾

1. Definitions

• 1.1. [Not applicable]

• 1.2. Rolling Over Protective Structure (ROPS)

Roll-over protective structure (protective cab or frame), hereinafter called ‘protective structure’, means the structure on a tractor the essential purpose of which is to avoid or limit risks to the driver resulting from roll-over of the tractor during normal use.

The roll-over protective structure is characterised by the provision of space for a clearance zone large enough to protect the driver when seated either inside the envelope of the structure or within a space bounded by a series of straight lines from the outer edges of the structure to any part of the tractor that might come into contact with flat ground and that is capable of supporting the tractor in that position if the tractor overturns.

• 1.3. Track

1.3.1.   Preliminary definition: median plane of the track

The median plane of the track is equidistant from the two planes containing its periphery at their outer edges.

1.3.2.   Definition of track width

Track width is the distance between the median planes of the tracks

1.3.3.   Additional definition: median plane of the tractor

The vertical plane at right angles to the axle at its centre point is the median plane of the tractor.

• 1.4. Protective structure

System of structural members arranged on a tractor in such a way as to accomplish its primary purpose of reducing the likelihood of an operator being crushed should his tractor roll-over. Structural members include any sub-frame, bracket, mounting, socket, bolt, pin, suspension or flexible shock absorber used to secure the system to the tractor frame but exclude mounting provisions which are integral with the tractor frame.

• 1.5. Tractor frame

The main chassis or main load-bearing member(s) of the tractor which extend(s) over a major part of the tractor and upon which the protective structure is directly mounted.

• 1.6. Protective structure-tractor frame assembly

System consisting of the protective structure attached to the tractor frame.

• 1.7. Bedplate

A substantially rigid part of the test structure to which the tractor frame is attached for the purpose of the test.

• 1.8. Seat index point (SIP)

• 1.8.1. The seat index point (SIP) is located in the central longitudinal plane of the apparatus for determination when installed in the operator seat. The SIP is fixed with respect to the tractor and does not move with the seat through its range of adjustment and/or oscillation.

• 1.8.2. When determining the SIP, the seat shall be adjusted with all fore, aft, vertical and angular seat adjustments placed in their centre position. The suspension systems shall be set so that the seat is at the mid-point of its oscillation range with the weighted apparatus for determination of SIP in place.

• 1.8.3. The SIP must be established by means of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 8.1. The apparatus is placed on the seat. A 20 kg mass is added 40 mm in front of the SIP mark on the horizontal section of the apparatus. A horizontal force of about 100 N shall then be applied to the apparatus at the SIP (see Fo in Figure 8.1). Finally, a further 39 kg mass shall be placed 40 mm in front of the SIP mark on the horizontal section of the apparatus.

• 1.9. Deflection-limiting volume (DLV)

That volume, related to the operator, which serves to set limits and deflections permissible when performing laboratory evaluations of the protective structure (Figure 8.2). It is an orthogonal approximation of the dimensions of a large, seated operator.

• 1.10. Vertical reference plane

A vertical plane, generally longitudinal to the tractor and passing through the seat index point and the centre of the steering wheel or of the control hand levers. Normally, the vertical reference plane coincides with the median plane of the tractor.

• 1.11. Lateral simulated ground plane

Surface on which a tractor, after rolling over, is assumed to come to a standstill with the tractor lying on its side. The simulated ground plane is determined as follows (see 3.5.1.2):

• (a) upper member to which the force is applied;

• (b) outermost point in end view of member as defined in (a) above;

• (c) vertical line through point defined in (b) above;

• (d) vertical plane parallel to vehicle's longitudinal centreline through the line defined in (c) above;

• (e) rotate plane described in (d) above, 15^o away from the DLV about an axis which is perpendicular to the vertical line given in (c) above and also passes through the point described in (b) above; this establishes the simulated ground plane;

The simulated ground plane shall be established on an unloaded protective structure and shall move with the member to which the load is applied.

• 1.12. Vertical simulated ground plane

For a machine coming to rest in an upside-down position, the plane is defined by the top cross-member of the protective structure and that front (rear) part of the tractor likely to come in contact with flat ground at the same time as the protective structure and capable of supporting the upside-down tractor. The vertical simulated ground plane moves with the deformed protective structure.

• Note:The vertical simulated ground plane applies only to two-post protective structures.

• 1.13. Unballasted mass

The mass of the tractor without ballasting devices. The tractor shall be in running order with tanks, circuits and radiator full, protective structure with cladding and any track equipment or additional front wheel drive components required for normal use. The operator is not included.

• 1.14. Permissible measurement tolerances

• Time: ± 0,1 s

• Distance: ± 0,5 mm

• Force: ± 0,1 % (of the sensor full scale)

• Angle ± 0,1°

• Mass: ± 0,2 % (of the sensor full scale)

• 1.15. Symbols

D	(mm)	Deflection of the structure;
F	(N)	Force;
M	(kg)	Maximum tractor mass recommended by the tractor manufacturer. It shall be equal or superior to the unballasted mass as defined in paragraph 1.13;
U	(J)	Energy absorbed by the structure related to the tractor mass.

2. Field of application

This Annex is applicable to tractors, propelled and steered by endless tracks, having at least two axles with track attachments, and with following features:

• 2.1. an unballasted tractor mass not less than 600 kg;

• 2.2. the ground clearance not more than 600 mm beneath the lowest point of the front and rear axles.

3. Rules and directions

3.1.   General regulations

• 3.1.1. The protective structure may be manufactured either by the tractor manufacturer or by an independent firm. In either case a test is only valid for the model of tractor on which it is carried out. The protective structure must be retested for each model of tractor to which it is to be fitted. However, testing stations may certify that the strength tests are also valid for tractor models derived from the original model by modifications to the engine, transmission and steering and front suspension (see below 3.6: Extension to other tractor models). On the other hand, more than one protective structure may be tested for any one model of tractor.

• 3.1.2. The protective structure submitted for test must be supplied attached in the normal manner to the tractor or tractor chassis on which it is used. The tractor chassis shall be complete including attaching brackets and other parts of the tractor that may be affected by loads imposed on the protective structure.

• 3.1.3. A protective structure may be designed solely to protect the driver in the event of the tractor overturning. Onto this structure it may be possible to fit weather protective for the driver, of a more or less temporary nature. This will usually be removed by the driver in warm weather. There are protective structures however, in which the cladding is permanent and warm weather ventilation provided by windows or flaps. As the cladding may add to the strength of the structure and if removable may well be absent when an accident occurs, all parts that can be so taken away by the driver will be removed for the purpose of the test. Doors, roof hatch and windows which can be opened shall be either removed or fixed in the open position for the test, so that they do not add to the strength of the protective structure. It shall be noted whether, in this position, they would create a hazard for the driver in the event of overturning.

Throughout the remainder of these rules, reference will only be made to testing the protective structure. It must be understood that this includes cladding not of a temporary nature.

A description of any temporary cladding supplied is to be included in the specifications. All glass or similar brittle material shall be removed prior to the test. Tractor and protective structure components which might sustain needless damage during the test and which do not affect the strength of the protective structure or its dimensions may be removed prior to the test if the manufacturer wishes. No repairs or adjustment may be carried out during the test.

• 3.1.4. Any component of the tractor contributing to the strength of the protective structure such as mud-guards, which has been reinforced by the manufacturer, should be described and its measurements given in the test report.

3.2.   Apparatus

3.2.1.   Deflection-limiting volume

The DLV and its location shall be in accordance with ISO 3164:1995 (see Figure 8.3). The DLV shall be fixed firmly to the same part of the machine to which the operator's seat is secured, and shall remain there during the entire formal test period.

For track-laying tractors with an unballasted mass of less than 5 000 kg, fitted with a two-post front mounted protective structure, the DLV corresponds to Figures 8.4 and 8.5.

3.2.2.   Zone of clearance and safeguard plane

The zone of clearance, as defined in Annex VIII (Definitions Chapter, Section 1.6), must remain covered by the safeguard plane, S, as shown in Figures 8.2 and 8.4. The safeguard plane is defined as an oblique plane, perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal plane of the tractor, forming a tangent at the front with the protective structure and at the back with whichever of the following hard fixtures of the tractor prevents the aforementioned plane S from entering the zone of clearance, via:

• — a housing or rigid part of the rear of the tractor,

• — the tracks,

• — an additional hard structure firmly mounted on the rear of the tractor.

3.2.3.   Rear hard fixture test

If the tractor is fitted with a rigid section, a housing or other hard fixture placed behind the driver’s seat, this fixture shall be regarded as a protective point, in the event of sideways or rear overturning. This hard fixture placed behind the driver’s seat shall be capable of withstanding, without breaking or entering the zone of clearance, a downward force Fi where:

Image omitted; see official source

applied perpendicularly to the top of the frame in the central plane of the tractor. The initial angle of application of force shall be 40° calculated from a parallel to the ground as shown in Figure 8.4. The minimum width of this rigid section shall be 500 mm (see Figure 8.5).

In addition, it shall be sufficiently rigid and firmly attached to the rear of the tractor.

3.2.4.   Lashings

Facilities for securing the protective structure-tractor frame assembly to the bedplate, as described above, and for applying the horizontal and vertical loads shall be provided (see Figures 8.6 to 8.9).

3.2.5.   Measuring instruments

The test apparatus shall be equipped with instruments for measuring the force applied to the protective structure and the deflection (deformation) of the structure.

The percentages below are nominal ratings of the accuracy of the instrumentation and shall not be taken to indicate that compensating tests are required.

Measure	Accuracy
Deflection of the protective structure	± 5 % of maximum deflection measured
Force applied to the protective structure	± 5 % of maximum force measured

3.2.6.   Arrangements for load application

Loading arrangements for load application are shown in Figures 8.7, 8.10 to 8.13 (side loading), in Figures 8.8 and 8.9 (vertical loading) and Figure 8.14 (longitudinal loading).

3.3.   Test conditions

• 3.3.1. The protective structure shall comply with production specifications and shall be fitted to the appropriate tractor model chassis in accordance with the manufacturer's declared method of attachment.

• 3.3.2. The protective structure - tractor frame assembly shall be secured to the bedplate so that the members connecting the assembly and the bedplate experience minimal deflection when the protective structure is side loaded. During side loading, the protective structure - tractor frame assembly shall not receive any support from the bedplate, other than that due to the initial attachment.

• 3.3.3. The protective structure shall be instrumented with the necessary equipment to obtain the required force-deflection data.

• 3.3.4. All tests shall be performed on the same protective structure. No repair or straightening of any protective structure - tractor member shall be carried out during or between the side and vertical loadings.

• 3.3.5. For side and longitudinal loading, connection to the bedplate shall be through the main housing or track frames (see Figures 8.6 to 8.8).

• 3.3.6. For vertical loading, there is no limitation on securing or supporting the protective structure-tractor frame assembly.

• 3.3.7. On completion of all the tests, permanent deflections of the protective structure shall be measured and recorded.

3.4.   Test procedure

3.4.1.   General

The test procedures shall consist of the operations described in 3.4.2, 3.4.3 and 3.4.4 in the order listed.

3.4.2.   Side loading

• 3.4.2.1. The force-deflection characteristics shall be determined by side loading the top major longitudinal members of the protective structure.

For a protective structure having more than two posts, the side loading shall be applied through a load-distribution device having a length not greater than 80 per cent of the top member straight length L between the front and rear posts of the protective structure (see Figures 8.13 to 8.16). The initial loading shall be within the zone that is established by the vertical projection of two planes parallel to the front and rear planes of the DLV and located 80 mm outside of them.

• 3.4.2.2. For a protective structure with an overhead shield, having a two-post system, the initial loading shall be dictated by the total longitudinal distance between major, upper protective structure members L and the vertical projection of the front and rear planes of the DLV. The force (load) point shall not be within L/3 distance from the posts.

Should the L/3 point be between the vertical projection of the DLV and the posts, the force (load) point shall be moved away from the post until it enters the vertical projection of the DLV (see Figures 8.13 to 8.16). Any load distribution plate used shall not impede or restrict the rotation of the protective structure around a vertical axis during the loading and shall not distribute the load over a distance greater than 80 per cent of L.

The force shall be applied to the major, upper and longitudinal members except when a post structure is used without the cantilevered overhead shield. For this type of structure, the force shall be applied in line with the upper cross-member.

• 3.4.2.3. The initial direction of the force shall be horizontal and perpendicular to a vertical plane through the tractor's longitudinal centre-line

• 3.4.2.4. As loading continues, the deformations of the protective structure - tractor frame assembly may cause the direction of the force to change; this is permissible.

• 3.4.2.5. Should the operator's seat be off the tractor's longitudinal centre-line, the loading shall be against the outermost side nearest the seat.

• 3.4.2.6. For on-centre-line seats, if mounting of the protective structure is such that different force-deflection relations are obtained from loading from left or right sides, the side loaded shall be that which will place the most severe requirements on the protective structure - tractor frame assembly.

• 3.4.2.7. The rate of deflection (application of load) shall be such that it can be considered static, i.e. less than or equal to 5 mm/s.

• 3.4.2.8. At deflection increments no greater than 25 mm at the point of application of the resultant load, the force and deflection shall be recorded and plotted (Figure 8.17).

• 3.4.2.9. The loading shall be continued until the protective structure has achieved both the force and energy requirements. The area under the resulting force-deflection curve (Figure 8.17) equals the energy.

• 3.4.2.10. The deflection used in calculating energy shall be that of the protective structure along the line of action of the force. The deflection should be measured at the mid-point of the loading.

• 3.4.2.11. Any deflection of members used to support load-application devices shall not be included in deflection measurements used for calculation of energy absorption.

3.4.3.   Vertical loading

• 3.4.3.1. After removal of the side load, a vertical load shall be applied to the top of the protective structure.

• 3.4.3.2. The load shall be applied using a stiff beam with a width of 250 mm.

• 3.4.3.3. For structures having more than two posts, the vertical load shall be applied at both the front and the rear

3.4.3.3.1.   Vertical loading at the rear (Figures 8.10, 8.11.a and 8.11.b)

• 3.4.3.3.1.1.The crushing beam shall be positioned across the rear uppermost structural members so that the resultant of the crushing forces is located in the vertical reference plane. The crushing force shall be applied and maintained for 5 seconds after cessation of any visually detectable movement of the protective structure.

• 3.4.3.3.1.2.Where the rear part of the protective structure roof will not sustain the full crushing force, the force shall be applied until the roof is deflected to coincide with the plane joining the upper part of the protective structure with that part of the rear of the tractor capable of supporting the tractor when overturned. The force shall then be removed and the crushing beam repositioned over that part of the protective structure that would support the tractor when completely overturned. The crushing force shall then be applied.

3.4.3.3.2.   Vertical loading at the front (Figures 8.10 to 8.12)

• 3.4.3.3.2.1.The crushing beam shall be positioned across the front uppermost structural members so that the resultant of the crushing forces is located in the vertical reference plane. The crushing force F shall be applied and maintained for 5 seconds after cessation of any visually detectable movement of the protective structure.

• 3.4.3.3.2.2.Where the front part of the roof of the protective structure will not sustain the full crushing force (Figures 8.12.a and 8.12.b), the force shall be applied until the roof is deflected to coincide with the plane joining the upper part of the protective structure with that part of the front of the tractor capable of supporting the tractor when overturned. The force shall then be removed and the crushing beam repositioned over that part of the protective structure that would support the tractor when completely overturned. The crushing force shall then be applied.

• 3.4.3.4. For a protective structure having a two-post system, the vertical loading shall be dictated by the total longitudinal distance between major upper protective structure members L and the vertical projection of the front and rear planes of the DLV. The force (load) point shall be at a distance not less than L/3 distance from the posts (see Figure 8.9).

Should the L/3 point be between the vertical projection of the DLV and the posts, the force (load) point shall be moved away from the post until it enters the vertical projection of the DLV.

For front-mounted protective structures having a two-post system without an overhead shield, the vertical loading shall be applied in line with the transverse member connecting the upper members.

3.4.4.   Longitudinal loading

• 3.4.4.1. After removal of the vertical load, a longitudinal load shall be applied to the protection structure.

• 3.4.4.2. The longitudinal load shall be applied at the deformed location of the originally established point, since the lateral (and vertical) loading of the protection structure is likely to result in permanent deformation of the structure. The originally established point is determined by the location of the load distributor and socket prior to any test being performed on the structure.

The load distribution device may span the width in cases where no rear (front) cross-member exists. In all other cases, the device may not distribute the load over a length greater than 80 % of the width, W, of the protection structure (see Figure 8.18).

• 3.4.4.3. The longitudinal load shall be applied to the upper structural members of the protection structure along the longitudinal centreline of the protection structure.

• 3.4.4.4. The direction of loading shall be selected to place the most severe requirements on the protection structure/tractor frame assembly. The initial direction of loading shall be horizontal and parallel to the original longitudinal centreline of the tractor. Some additional factors to consider in deciding on the direction to apply the longitudinal load are:

• (a) location of protection structure relative to DLV and the effect that longitudinal deflection of the protection structure would have on providing crush protection for the operator;

• (b) tractor characteristics, e.g. other structural members of the tractor which may resist longitudinal deflection of the protection structure, that can limit direction of the longitudinal component of loading on the protection structure;

• (c) experience which may indicate the possibility of longitudinal tipping or the tendency of a particular classification tractor to skew as it rotates about a longitudinal axis during an actual roll-over.

• 3.4.4.5. The rate of deflection shall be such that the loading may be considered static (see 3.4.2.7). This loading is to continue until the protection structure has achieved the force requirement(s)

3.5.   Conditions for acceptance

3.5.1.   General

• 3.5.1.1. During each test, no part of the protective structure shall enter the deflection-limiting volume. Also, the deformation of the protective structure shall not allow the simulated ground plane (defined in paragraphs 1.11 and 1.12) to enter the DLV.

• 3.5.1.2. The protective structure deflection during each test shall not cause the load side planes of the DLV to extend beyond or intersect the simulated ground plane (see Figures 8.19 and 8.20).

The protective structure shall not break away from the tractor frame due to failure of the tractor frame.

3.5.2.   Requirements for the side loading force-energy, the vertical loading force and the longitudinal loading force

• 3.5.2.1. These requirements shall be met within the deflection(s) permitted in 3.5.1.1.

• 3.5.2.2. The side-load force and the minimum energy absorbed shall attain at least those given in Table 8.1, where:

• — F is the minimum force attained during side loading,

• — M (kg) is the tractor manufacturer's maximum recommended mass,

• — U is the minimum energy absorbed during side loading.

If the required force is attained before the energy requirement is met, the force may decrease but shall again attain the required level when the minimum energy is obtained or exceeded.

• 3.5.2.3. After removal of the side load, the protective structure-tractor frame assembly shall support a vertical force:

Image omitted; see official source

for a period of 5 min or until any deformation has ceased, whichever is shorter.

• 3.5.2.4. The longitudinal-load force shall attain at least that given in Table 8.1, where F and M are defined at point 3.5.2.2.

3.6.   Extension to other tractor models

• 3.6.1. [Not applicable]

• 3.6.2. Technical extension

When technical modifications occur on the tractor, the protective structure or the method of attachment of the protective structure to the tractor, the testing station that has carried out the original test can issue a ‘technical extension report’ in the following cases:

3.6.2.1.   Extension of the structural test results to other models of tractors

The impact and crushing tests need not be carried out on each model of tractor, provided that the protective structure and tractor comply with the conditions referred to hereunder 3.6.2.1.1 to 3.6.2.1.5.

• 3.6.2.1.1. The structure shall be identical to the one tested;

• 3.6.2.1.2. The required energy shall not exceed the energy calculated for the original test by more than 5 per cent;

• 3.6.2.1.3. The method of attachment and the tractor components to which the attachment is made shall be identical;

• 3.6.2.1.4. Any components such as mud-guards and bonnet that may provide support for the protective structure shall be identical;

• 3.6.2.1.5. The position and critical dimensions of the seat in the protective structure and the relative position of the protective structure on the tractor shall be such that the DLV would have remained within the protection of the deflected structure throughout all tests.

3.6.2.2.   Extension of the structural test results to modified models of the protective structure

This procedure has to be followed when the provisions of paragraph 3.6.2.1 are not fulfilled, it may not be used when the method of attachment of the protective structure to the tractor does not remain of the same principle (e.g. rubber supports replaced by a suspension device):

• 3.6.2.2.1. Modifications having no impact on the results of the initial test (e.g. weld attachment of the mounting plate of an accessory in a non-critical location on the structure), addition of seats with different SIP location in the protective structure (subject to checking that the new DLV(s) remain(s) within the protection of the deflected structure throughout all tests);

• 3.6.2.2.2. Modifications having a possible impact on the results of the original test without calling into question the acceptability of the protective structure (e.g. modification of a structural component, modification of the method of attachment of the protective structure to the tractor). A validation test can be carried out and the test results will be drafted in the extension report. The following limits for this type extension are fixed:
• 3.6.2.2.2.1. no more than 5 extensions may be accepted without a validation test;
• 3.6.2.2.2.2. the results of the validation test will be accepted for extension if all the acceptance conditions of this Annex are fulfilled and if the force measured when the required energy level has been reached in the various horizontal load tests does not deviate from the force measured when the required energy has been reached in the original test by more than ± 7 % and the deflection measured⁽²⁾ when the required energy level has been reached in the various horizontal load tests does not deviate from the deflection measured when the required energy has been reached in the original test report by more than ± 7 %.
• 3.6.2.2.2.3. more than one protective structure modifications may be included in a single extension report if they represent different options of the same protective structure, but only one validation test can be accepted in a single extension report. The options not tested shall be described in a specific section of the extension report

• 3.6.2.2.3. Increase of the reference mass declared by the manufacturer for a protective structure already tested. If the manufacturer wants to keep the same approval number it is possible to issue an extension report after having carried out a validation test (the limits of ± 7 % specified in 3.6.2.2.2.2 are not applicable in such a case).

• 3.7. [Not applicable]

• 3.8. Cold weather performance of protective structures

• 3.8.1. If the protective structure is claimed to have properties resistant to cold weather embrittlement, the manufacturer shall give details which shall be included in the report.

• 3.8.2. The following requirements and procedures are intended to provide strength and resistance to brittle fracture at reduced temperatures. It is suggested that the following minimum material requirements shall be met in judging the protective structure's suitability at reduced operating temperatures in those countries requiring this additional operating protective.

• 3.8.2.1. Bolts and nuts used to attach the protective structure to the tractor and used to connect structural parts of the protective structure shall exhibit suitable controlled reduced temperature toughness properties.

• 3.8.2.2. All welding electrodes used in the fabrication of structural members and mounts shall be compatible with the protective structure material as given in 3.8.2.3 below

• 3.8.2.3. Steel materials for structural members of the protective structure shall be of controlled toughness material exhibiting minimum Charpy V-Notch impact energy requirements as shown in Table 8.2. Steel grade and quality shall be specified in accordance with ISO 630:1995; Amd1:2003.

Steel with an as-rolled thickness less than 2,5 mm and with a carbon content less than 0,2 per cent is considered to meet this requirement.

Structural members of the protective structure made from materials other than steel shall have equivalent low temperature impact resistance.

• 3.8.2.4. When testing the Charpy V-Notch impact energy requirements, the specimen size shall be no less than the largest of the sizes stated in Table 8.2 that the material will permit

• 3.8.2.5. The Charpy V-Notch tests shall be made in accordance with the procedure in ASTM A 370-1979, except for specimen sizes which shall be in accordance with the dimensions given in table 8.2.

• 3.8.2.6. Alternatives to this procedure are the use of killed or semi-killed steel for which an adequate specification shall be provided. Steel grade and quality shall be specified in accordance with ISO 630:1995; Amd1:2003

• 3.8.2.7. Specimens are to be longitudinal and taken from flat stock, tubular or structural sections before forming or welding for use in the protective structure. Specimens from tubular or structural sections are to be taken from the middle of the side of greatest dimension and shall not include welds

Table 8.1

Force and energy equations

Machine mass, M	Lateral load force, F	Lateral load energy, U	Vertical load force, F	Longitudinal load force, F
kg	N	J	N	N
800 < M ≤ 4 630	6 M	13 000 (M/10 000 )1,25	20 M	4,8 M
4 630 < M ≤ 59 500	70 000 (M/10 000 )1,2	13 000 (M/10 000 )1,25	20 M	56 000 (M/10 000 )1,2
M > 59 500	10 M	2,03 M	20 M	8 M

Table 8.2

Minimum Charpy V-notch impact energies

Specimen size	Energy at	Energy at
	– 30 °C	– 20 °C
mm	J	J [^E0007]
10 × 10 [^E0006]	11	27,5
10 × 9	10	25
10 × 8	9,5	24
10 × 7,5 [^E0006]	9,5	24
10 × 7	9	22,5
10 × 6,7	8,5	21
10 × 6	8	20
10 × 5 [^E0006]	7,5	19
10 × 4	7	17,5
10 × 3,5	6	15
10 × 3	6	15
10 × 2,5 [^E0006]	5,5	14

Indicates preferred size. Specimen size shall be no less than largest preferred size that the material permits.

The energy requirement at – 20 °C is 2,5 times the value specified for – 30 °C. Other factors affect impact energy strength, i.e. direction of rolling, yield strength, grain orientation and welding. These factors shall be considered when selecting and using steel.

Figure 8.1

Apparatus for determination of seat index point (SIP)