Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447 of 24 November 2015 laying down detailed rules for implementing certain provisions of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down the Union Customs Code
(*) Only for the Union transit operations.
Image omitted; see official source
Back
Persons authorised to sign Union/common transit declarations on behalf of the holder of the procedure
Surname, forename and specimen signa-ture of authorised person
Signature of the holder of the procedure (*)
Surname, forename and specimen signa-ture of authorised person
Signature of the holder of the procedure (*)
(*) Where the holder of the procedure is a legal person, the person whose signature appears in box 12 must add to his signature his surname, forename and the capacity in which he is signing.
CHAPTER VII
Guarantee waiver certificate
Image omitted; see official source
TC 33 — GUARANTEE WAIVER CERTIFICATE
Front
Valid until
Day
Month
Year
Number
Holder of the procedure (surname and forename, or name of company, full address and country)
The customs office of guarantee (reference number)
Reference amount
Currency code
In figures:
In letters:
The customs office of guarantee certifies that the holder of the procedure named above has been granted a guarantee waiver in respect of his Union/common transit operations through the customs territories listed below whose names have not been crossed out:
European Union — Iceland – Moldova – Montenegro – North Macedonia — former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia — Norway — Serbia — Switzerland — Turkey — Andorra () — San Marino ()
Special observations
Period of validity extended until
dd/mm/yy inclusive
Done
at on
(place) (date)
(Signature and stamp of the customs office of guarantee)
Done
at on
(place) (date)
(Signature and stamp of the customs office of guarantee)
(*) Only for the Union transit operations.
Image omitted; see official source
Back
Persons authorised to sign Union/common transit declarations on behalf of the holder of the procedure
Surname, forename and specimen signa-ture of authorised person
Signature of the holder of the procedure (*)
Surname, forename and specimen signa-ture of authorised person
Signature of the holder of the procedure (*)
(*) Where the holder of the procedure is a legal person, the person whose signature appears in box 11 must add to his signature his surname, forename and the capacity in which he is signing.
CHAPTER VIII
Explanatory note on comprehensive guarantee certificates and guarantee waiver certificates
1. Particulars to be entered on the front of a certificate
Once issued, there shall be no amendment, addition or deletion to the remarks in boxes 1 to 8 of the comprehensive guarantee certificate and boxes 1 to 7 of the guarantee waiver certificate.
1.1. Currency code
Member States shall enter in box 6 of the comprehensive guarantee certificate and in box 5 of the guarantee waiver certificate the ISO ALPHA3 (ISO 4217 ) code of the currency used.
1.2. Endorsements
Where the holder of the procedure has undertaken to lodge all his transit declarations at a specific customs office of departure, the name of the office must be entered in capitals in box 8 of the comprehensive guarantee certificate or box 7 of the guarantee waiver certificate, as appropriate.
1.3. Endorsement of certificates in the event of their validity being extended
Where the period of validity of a certificate is extended, the customs office of guarantee must endorse box 9 of the comprehensive guarantee certificate or box 8 of the guarantee waiver certificate, as appropriate.
2. Particulars to be entered on the back of a certificate — persons authorised to sign transit declarations
- 2.1.When a certificate is issued, or at any time during its period of validity, the holder of the procedure must enter on the back the names of the persons he authorises to sign transit declarations. Each of these entries must comprise the surname and first name of the authorised person and a specimen of his signature and each must be countersigned by the holder of the procedure. The holder of the procedure has the option of striking through any boxes he does not wish to use.
- 2.2.The holder of the procedure may revoke such authorisations at any time.
- 2.3.Any person whose name has been entered on the back of a certificate of this kind which is presented at the customs office of departure is the authorised representative of the holder of the procedure.
3. Technical requirements
- 3.1.The forms for comprehensive guarantee certificates and guarantee waiver certificates shall be printed on white paper free of mechanical pulp and weighing at least 100 g/m2. Both sides shall have a printed guilloche pattern background so as to reveal any falsification by mechanical or chemical means. The printing shall be:
- — in green for comprehensive guarantee certificates,
- — in pale blue for guarantee waiver certificates.
- 3.2.The format of the forms shall be 210 by 148 mm.
- 3.3.The Member States shall be responsible for printing the forms or having them printed. Each certificate shall bear a serial identification number.
- 3.4.No erasures or alterations shall be made. Amendments shall be made by striking out the incorrect particulars and, where appropriate, adding those required. Any such amendment shall be signed by the person making the amendment and endorsed by the customs authority.
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446 of 28 July 2015 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to detailed rules of specifying some of the provisions of the Union Customs Code (see page 1 of this Official Journal).
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/341 of 17 December 2015 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards transitional rules for certain provisions of the Union Customs Code where the relevant electronic systems are not yet operational and amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446 (OJ L 69, 15.3.2016, p. 1).
Commission Regulation (EEC) No 2454/93 of 2 July 1993 laying down provisions for the implementation of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2913/92 establishing the Community Customs Code (OJ L 253, 11.10.1993, p. 1).
Regulation (EC) No 300/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2008 on common rules in the field of civil aviation security and repealing Regulation (EC) No 2320/2002 (OJ L 97, 9.4.2008, p. 72).
Commission Regulation (EU) No 185/2010 of 4 March 2010 laying down detailed measures for the implementation of the common basic standards on aviation security (OJ L 55, 5.3.2010, p. 1).
Directive 94/25/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 June 1994 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to recreational craft (OJ L 164, 30.6.1994, p. 15).
Regulation (EU) No 654/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 concerning the exercise of the Union's rights for the application and the enforcement of international trade rules and amending Council Regulation (EC) No 3286/94 (OJ L 189, 27.6.2014, p. 50).
Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/2151 of 13 December 2019 establishing the work programme relating to the development and deployment of the electronic systems provided for in the Union Customs Code (OJ L 325, 16.12.2019, p. 168).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/761 of 17 December 2019 laying down rules for the application of Regulations (EU) No 1306/2013, (EU) No 1308/2013 and (EU) No 510/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the management system of tariff quotas with licenses (OJ L 185, 12.6.2020, p. 24, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2020/761/oj).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1988 of 11 November 2020 laying down rules for the application of Regulations (EU) No 1308/2013 and (EU) No 510/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the administration of import tariff quotas in accordance with the “first come, first served” principle (OJ L 422, 14.12.2020, p. 4, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2020/1988/oj).
Regulation (EU) 2026/1455 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 June 2026 on the adjustment of customs duties on the imports of certain goods originating in the United States of America and opening of tariff quotas for imports of certain goods originating in the United States of America (OJ L, 2026/1455, 30.6.2026, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1455/oj).
OJ L 54, 26.2.2013, p. 1.
Decision No 1/2023 of the Joint Committee of the Regional Convention on pan-Euro-Mediterranean preferential rules of origin of 7 December 2023 on the amendment of the Regional Convention on pan-Euro-Mediterranean preferential rules of origin (OJ L, 2024/390, 19.2.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2024/390/oj).
Regulation (EU) No 978/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 applying a scheme of generalised tariff preferences and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 732/2008 (OJ L 303, 31.10.2012, p. 1).
Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2000 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by the Community institutions and bodies and on the free movement of such data (OJ L 8, 12.1.2001, p. 1).
Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (OJ L 281, 23.11.1995, p. 31).
Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 of 23 July 1987 on the tariff and statistical nomenclature and on the Common Customs Tariff (OJ L 256, 7.9.1987, p. 1).
OJ L 226, 13.8.1987, p. 2.
Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/2151 of 13 December 2019 establishing the work programme relating to the development and deployment of the electronic systems provided for in the Union Customs Code (OJ L 325, 16.12.2019, p. 168).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1998 of 5 November 2015 laying down detailed measures for the implementation of the common basic standards on aviation security (OJ L 299 14.11.2015, p. 1).
Council Directive 2008/118/EC of 16 December 2008 concerning the general arrangements for excise duty and repealing Directive 92/12/EEC (OJ L 9, 14.1.2009, p. 12).
Council Regulation (EC) No 1224/2009 of 20 November 2009 establishing a Community control system for ensuring compliance with the rules of the common fisheries policy, amending Regulations (EC) No 847/96, (EC) No 2371/2002, (EC) No 811/2004, (EC) No 768/2005, (EC) No 2115/2005, (EC) No 2166/2005, (EC) No 388/2006, (EC) No 509/2007, (EC) No 676/2007, (EC) No 1098/2007, (EC) No 1300/2008, (EC) No 1342/2008 and repealing Regulations (EEC) No 2847/93, (EC) No 1627/94 and (EC) No 1966/2006 (OJ L 343, 22.12.2009, p. 1).
Council Regulation (EU) 2026/382 of 11 February 2026 amending Regulation (EC) No 1186/2009 as regards the elimination of the threshold-based customs duty relief (OJ L, 2026/382, 18.2.2026, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/382/oj).
Commission Regulation (EC) No 1192/2008 of 17 November 2008 amending Regulation (EEC) No 2454/93 laying down provisions for the implementation of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2913/92 establishing the Community Customs Code (OJ L 329, 6.12.2008, p. 1).
OJ L 91, 22.4.1995, p. 46.
Council Regulation (EC) No 1186/2009 of 16 November 2009 setting up a Community system of reliefs from customs duty (OJ L 324, 10.12.2009, p. 23).
Council Regulation (EU) 2018/581 of 16 April 2018 temporarily suspending the autonomous Common Customs Tariff duties on certain goods of a kind to be incorporated in or used for aircraft, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1147/2002 (OJ L 98, 18.4.2018, p.1).
Council Regulation (EEC) No 2913/92 of 12 October 1992 establishing the Community Customs Code (OJ L 302, 19.10.1992, p. 1).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/235 of 8 February 2021 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447 as regards formats and codes of common data requirements, certain rules on surveillance and the competent customs office for placing goods under a customs procedure (OJ L 63, 23.2.2021, p. 386).
Council Regulation (EC) No 3036/94 of 8 December 1994 establishing economic outward processing arrangements applicable to certain textiles and clothing products reimported into the Community after working or processing in certain third countries (OJ L 322, 15.12.1994, p. 1).
Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax (OJ L 347, 11.12.2006, p. 1).
Council Directive 2008/118/EC of 16 December 2008 concerning the general arrangements for excise duty and repealing Directive 92/12/EEC (OJ L 9, 14.1.2009, p. 12).
Where the requested tariff quota is exhausted, Member States may allow the request to be valid for any other preference
The present application form is common to the GSP schemes of four entities: the Union (EU), Norway, Switzerland and Turkey (‘the entities’). Please note, however, that the respective GSP schemes of these entities may differ in terms of country and product coverage. Consequently, a given registration will only be effective for the purpose of exports under the GSP scheme(s) that consider(s) your country as a beneficiary country.
When applications to become a registered exporter or other exchanges of information between registered exporters and competent authorities in beneficiary countries or customs authorities in Member States are made using electronic data-processing techniques, the signature and stamp referred to in boxes 5, 6 and 7 shall be replaced by an electronic authentication.
When applications to become a registered exporter or other exchanges of information between registered exporters and competent authorities in beneficiary countries or customs authorities in Member States are made using electronic data-processing techniques, the signature and stamp referred to in boxes 5, 6 and 7 shall be replaced by an electronic authentication.
Where the statement on origin replaces another statement in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3) Article 101 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447, the replacement statement on origin shall bear the mention ‘Replacement statement’ or ‘Attestation de remplacement’ or ‘Comunicación de sustitución’. The replacement shall also indicate the date of issue of the initial statement and all other necessary data in accordance with the second subparagraph of Article 101(1) of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447.
Where the statement on origin replaces another statement in accordance with sub-paragraph 1 of Article 101(2) and paragraph (3) of Article 101, both of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447, the re-consignor of the goods making out such a statement shall indicate his name and full address followed by his number of registered exporter.
Where the statement on origin replaces another statement in accordance with sub-paragraph 2 of Article 101(2) of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447, the re-consignor of the goods making out such a statement shall indicate his name and full address followed by the mention (French version) ‘agissant sur la base de l’attestation d’origine établie par [nom et adresse complète de l’exportateur dans le pays bénéficiaire], enregistré sous le numéro suivant [Numéro d’exportateur enregistré dans le pays bénéficiaire]’, (English version) ‘acting on the basis of the statement on origin made out by [name and complete address of the exporter in the beneficiary country], registered under the following number [Number of Registered Exporter of the exporter in the beneficiary country]’, (Spanish version) ‘actuando sobre la base de la comunicación extendida por [nombre y dirección completa del exportador en el país beneficiario], registrado con el número siguiente [Número de exportador registrado del exportador en el país beneficiario]’.
Where the statement on origin replaces another statement in accordance with Article 101(2) of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447, the re-consignor of the goods shall indicate the number of registered exporter only if the value of originating products in the initial ċonsignment exceeds EUR 6 000 .
Country of origin of products to be indicated. When the statement on origin relates to products originating in the Union, the exporter must indicate the origin by means of the symbol ‘EU’. When the statement on origin relates, in whole or in part, to products originating in Ceuta and Melilla as referred to in Article 112 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447, the exporter must indicate the origin by means of the symbol ‘CM’.
Products wholly obtained: enter the letter ‘P’; Products sufficiently worked or processed: enter the letter ‘W’ followed by a heading of the Harmonised System (example ‘W’
9618 ).
Where appropriate, the above mention shall be replaced with one of the following indications:
- (a) In the case of bilateral cumulation: ‘EU cumulation’, ‘Cumul UE’ or ‘Acumulación UE’.
- (b) In the case of cumulation with Norway, Switzerland or Turkey: ‘Norway cumulation’, ‘Switzerland cumulation’, ‘Turkey cumulation’, ‘Cumul Norvège’, ‘Cumul Suisse’, ‘Cumul Turquie’ or ‘Acumulación Noruega’, ‘Acumulación Suiza’, or ‘Acumulación Turquía’.
- (c) In the case of regional cumulation: ‘regional cumulation’, ‘cumul regional’ or ‘Acumulación regional’.
- (d) In the case of extended cumulation: ‘extended cumulation with country x’, ‘cumul étendu avec le pays x’ or ‘Acumulación ampliada con el país x’.
When the invoice declaration is made out by Union's approved exporter within the meaning of Article 77(4) of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447, the authorisation number of the approved exporter must be entered in this space. When (as will always be the case with invoice declarations made out in beneficiary countries) the invoice declaration is not made out by an approved exporter, the words in brackets shall be omitted or the space left blank.
Country of origin of products to be indicated. When the invoice declaration relates, in whole or in part, to products originating in Ceuta and Melilla within the meaning of Article 112 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447, the exporter must clearly indicate them in the document on which the declaration is made out by means of the symbol ‘CM’.
Where appropriate, enter one of the following indications: ‘EU cumulation’, ‘Norway cumulation’, ‘Switzerland cumulation’, ‘Turkey cumulation’, ‘regional cumulation’, ‘extended cumulation with country x’ or ‘Cumul UE’, ‘Cumul Norvège’, ‘Cumul Suisse’, ‘Cumul Turquie’, ‘cumul regional’, ‘cumul étendu avec le pays x’ or ‘Acumulación UE’,‘Acumulación Noruega’, ‘Acumulación Suiza’, ‘Acumulación Turquía’, ‘Acumulación regional’, ‘Acumulación ampliada con en país x’.
If the invoice declaration is made out in the context of another preferential trade agreement, the reference to the Generalised System of Preferences shall be replaced by the reference to this other preferential trade agreement.
These indications may be omitted if the information is contained on the document itself.
See Article 77(7) of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447 (concerns approved European Union's exporters only). In cases where the exporter is not required to sign, the exemption of signature also implies the exemption of the name of the signatory.
When the invoice declaration is made out by an approved exporter, the authorisation number of the approved exporter must be entered in this space. When the invoice declaration is not made out by an approved exporter, the words in brackets must be omitted or the space left blank.
Origin of products to be indicated. When the invoice declaration relates in whole or in part, to products originating in Ceuta and Melilla the exporter must clearly indicate them in the document on which the declaration is made out by means of the symbol ‘CM’.
These indications may be omitted if the information is contained on the document itself.
See Article 119(5). In cases where the exporter is not required to sign, the exemption of signature also implies the exemption of the name of the signatory.
Surname and forename or name of firm.
Full address.
Delete the name/names of the State/States on whose territory the guarantee may not be used.
Pursuant to the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland of the Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, Northern Ireland is to be considered as part of the European Union for the purposes of this guarantee. Therefore, a guarantor established in the customs territory of the European Union shall indicate an address for service or appoint an agent in Northern Ireland if the guarantee may be used therein. However, if a guarantee, in the context of common transit, is made valid in the European Union and in the United Kingdom, a single address for service or an appointed agent in the United Kingdom may cover all parts of the United Kingdom, including Northern Ireland.
The references to the Principality of Andorra and the Republic of San Marino shall apply solely to Union transit operations.
Surname and forename, or name of firm and full address of the person providing the guarantee.
5a
Applicable with respect to the other charges due in connection with the import or export of the goods where the guarantee is used for the placing of goods under the Union/common transit procedure or may be used in more than one Member State.
Enter one of the following customs operations:
- (a) temporary storage,
- (b) Union transit procedure/common transit procedure,
- (c) customs warehousing procedure,
- (d) temporary admission procedure with total relief from import duty,
- (e) inward processing procedure,
- (f) end-use procedure,
- (g) release for free circulation under normal customs declaration without deferred payment,
- (h) release for free circulation under normal customs declaration with deferred payment,
- (i) release for free circulation under a customs declaration lodged in accordance with Article 166 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 October 2013 laying down the Union Customs Code,
- (j) release for free circulation under a customs declaration lodged in accordance with Article 182 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 October 2013 laying down the Union Customs Code,
- (k) temporary admission procedure with partial relief from import duty,
- (l) if another — indicate the other kind of operation.
If, in the law of the country, there is no provision for address for service the guarantor shall appoint, in this country, an agent authorized to receive any communications addressed to him and the acknowledgement in the second subparagraph and the undertaking in the fourth subparagraph of point 4 must be made to correspond. The courts of the places in which the addresses for service of the guarantor or of his agents are situated shall have jurisdiction in disputes concerning this guarantee.
The person signing the document must enter the following by hand before his or her signature: ‘Guarantee for the amount of …’ (the amount being written out in letters).
To be completed by the office where the goods were placed under the procedure or were in temporary storage.
Surname and forename or name of firm.
Full address.
Pursuant to the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland of the Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, Northern Ireland is to be considered as part of the European Union for the purposes of this guarantee. Therefore, a guarantor established in the customs territory of the European Union shall indicate an address for service or appoint an agent in Northern Ireland if the guarantee may be used therein. However, if a guarantee, in the context of common transit, is made valid in the European Union and in the United Kingdom, a single address for service or an appointed agent in the United Kingdom may cover all parts of the United Kingdom, including Northern Ireland.
The references to the Principality of Andorra and the Republic of San Marino shall apply solely to Union transit operations.
If, in the law of the country, there is no provision for address for service the guarantor shall appoint, in this country, an agent authorized to receive any communications addressed to him and the acknowledgement in the second subparagraph and the undertaking in the fourth subparagraph of point 4 must be made to correspond. The courts of the places in which the addresses for service of the guarantor or of his agents are situated shall have jurisdiction in disputes concerning this guarantee.
The signature must be preceded by the following in the signatory's own handwriting: ‘Valid as guarantee voucher’.
Surname and forename or name of the firm.
Full address.
Delete the name/names of the country/countries on whose territory the guarantee may not be used.
Pursuant to the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland of the Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, Northern Ireland is to be considered as part of the European Union for the purposes of this guarantee. Therefore, a guarantor established in the customs territory of the European Union shall indicate an address for service or appoint an agent in Northern Ireland if the guarantee may be used therein. However, if a guarantee, in the context of common transit, is made valid in the European Union and in the United Kingdom, a single address for service or an appointed agent in the United Kingdom may cover all parts of the United Kingdom, including Northern Ireland.
The references to the Principality of Andorra and the Republic of San Marino shall apply solely to Union transit operations.
Surname and forename or name of the firm, and full address of the person providing the guarantee.
Applicable with respect to the other charges due in connection with the import or export of the goods where the guarantee is used for the placing of goods under the Union/common transit procedure or may be used in more than one Member State or one Contracting Party.
Delete what does not apply.
Delete what does not apply.
Procedures other than common transit apply solely in the European Union.
Procedures other than common transit apply solely in the European Union.
For amounts declared in a customs declaration for the end-use procedure.
If, in the law of the country, there is no provision for address for service the guarantor shall appoint, in this country, an agent authorised to receive any communications addressed to him and the acknowledgement in the second subparagraph and the undertaking in the fourth subparagraph of paragraph 4 must be made to correspond. The courts of the place in which the addresses for service of the guarantor or of his agents are situated shall have jurisdiction in disputes concerning this guarantee.
The person signing the document must enter the following, by hand, before his or her signature: ‘Guarantee for the amount of …’ (the amount being written out in letters).
Article 7 of the ATA Convention, Brussels, 6 December 1961/Article 9 of Annex A to the Istanbul Convention, 26 June 1990.
Enter date of dispatch.
Details to be obtained from the undischarged transit or temporary admission voucher or, if no voucher is available, from the information available to the issuing coordinating office.
Delete whichever is not applicable.
Delete whichever is inapplicable.
Article 7 of the ATA Convention, Brussels, 6 December 1961/Article 9 of Annex A to the Istanbul Convention, 26 June 1990.
Enter date of dispatch.
Details to be obtained from the undischarged transit or temporary admission voucher or, if no voucher is available, from the information available to the issuing coordinating office.
Delete whichever is not applicable.
Reading this document does not replace reading the official text published in the Official Journal of the European Union. We assume no responsibility for any inaccuracies arising from the conversion of the original to this format.
This text is published under EUR-Lex's own terms of reuse, not a Legalize or public-domain licence.
EUR-Lex
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
© European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu — Source: EUR-Lex (Publications Office of the European Union). Reused under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. Only EU legislation published in the printed Official Journal of the European Union is deemed authentic; consolidated texts are reproduced here for documentation purposes and have been reformatted to Markdown.