Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2161 of 27 October 2025 implementing Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the technical requirements of on-board devices for the monitoring and recording of fuel and energy consumption and mileage of certain heavy-duty vehicles, and for determining and recording the payload or total weight thereof

OBFCM ref	Parameter	Parameter reported in Engine information document as specified in Appendix 2 to Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400, where applicable
—	Engine type as separate technical unit/engine as separate technical unit/vehicle with an approved engine with regards to emissions/vehicle with regards to emissions	0.2.
—	Heavy duty vehicles Diesel/Petrol/LPG/NG/Ethanol (ED95)/Ethanol (E85)/Hydrogen (T)/Hydrogen (TD)/Hydrogen (U)/Hydrogen(UD)/ Diesel B100	3.2.2.2.
1	Total fuel consumed (lifetime) (kilograms) at the beginning of the fuel consumption measurement and at the end of the fuel consumption measurement	—
3.0	Engine fuel rate (grams/second)	—
3.1	Vehicle fuel rate (grams/second)	—

• (4) The approval authority referred to in points (1), (2) and (3) shall ensure that sufficient data is shared with the GAA to allow for the evaluation of the monitoring data as specified in point 4.2, and to determine the accuracy requirements in accordance with points 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4. The approval authority may share additional information on a voluntary basis with the GAA or at the request of the GAA.

5.1.2.   Collection of VTP monitoring data

• (1) The approval authority that granted the licence to operate the simulation tool responsible for the VTP test in accordance with Annex Xa to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 shall share with the GAA the information set out in Table 10 of this Annex, in addition to the instantaneous values as recorded from the OBFCM device and set out in Table 4 of Annex Xa to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400.

• (2) The approval authority referred to in point (1) shall ensure that sufficient data is shared with the GAA to allow for the evaluation of the monitoring data as specified in point 5.2, and to determine the accuracy requirements in accordance with points 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4. The approval authority may share additional relevant information on a voluntary basis with the GAA or at the request of the GAA.

Table 10

Data to be shared with the GAA from the VTP, as recorded in accordance with Annex Xa to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400

OBFCM ref	Parameter	Parameter reported in Annex Xa to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400
—	Engine type as separate technical unit/engine as separate technical unit/vehicle with an approval engine with regards to emissions/vehicle with regards to emissions	8.1.4.
—	Engine reference fuel type (diesel/LPG/CNG…)	8.3.5.
1	Total fuel consumed (lifetime) (kilograms) at the beginning of the fuel consumption measurement	8.13.15.3.
1	Total fuel consumed (lifetime) (kilograms) at the end of the fuel consumption measurement	8.13.15.4.
2	Total distance travelled (lifetime) (kilometres) at the test start of the fuel consumption measurement	8.13.15.1.
2	Total distance travelled (lifetime) (kilometres) at the test end of the fuel consumption measurement	8.13.15.2.
3.0	Engine fuel rate (grams/second)	8.13.15.7.
5	Average vehicle total mass (kilograms)	8.13.15.9.
—	Actual mass of the vehicle for VTP (kilograms)	8.12.1.
—	Actual mass of the vehicle for VTP with payload (kilograms)	8.12.2.
—	Odometer reading at test start of the fuel consumption measurement (kilometres)	8.1.7.
—	Odometer reading at test end of the fuel consumption measurement (kilometres)	8.13.15.10.
—	Total mass fuel consumption value in the verification test measured (kilograms)	8.13.15.11.
—	Fuel consumption measurement duration (minutes)	8.12.5.

5.1.3.   Collection of PEMS monitoring data

• (1) The approval authority responsible for the PEMS test in accordance with Annex II to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 and Appendix 1 of Annex VI to that Regulation shall share with the GAA the information set out in Table 11 of this Annex, in addition to the instantaneous measured data for the OBFCM device signals 1, 2, 3.0, 3.1, and 5 as recorded in accordance with points 10.1.8a.1 to 10.1.8a.5 of Annex II to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011.

• (2) The manufacturer may use a fuel measurement system in accordance with point 5.7 of Annex Xa to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 to measure the fuel consumed during the PEMS test. In this case the data to be transmitted by the approval authority to the GAA shall be the instantaneous values as measured by the fuel measurement system and the total fuel consumed is to be calculated in accordance with point 5.2.1 of this Annex.

• (3) If the PEMS test has been performed in accordance with Annex 8 to UN Regulation No 49, the approval authority responsible for this test shall share with the GAA the information set out in Table 11, in addition to the instantaneous measured data for the OBFCM device signals 1, 2, 3.0, 3.1, and 5 as recorded in point A.1.2.2, Table 1, of Appendix 1 to Annex 8 to UN Regulation No 49.

• (4) For vehicles with a B100 type-approval following the requirements set out in point 1.4 of Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011, the manufacturer may request for an additional PEMS test to be performed only for the purpose of evaluating the OBFCM and OBMM accuracy using the reference fuel according to Annex IX to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 on which the parent engine has been type-approved under Article 3 of that Regulation. In this case, the information to be shared with the GAA in accordance with paragraph 1 and paragraph 3 shall relate to the additional PEMS test performed on the reference fuel.

• (5) The approval authority shall ensure that sufficient data is shared with the GAA to allow for the evaluation of the monitoring data as specified in point 5.2, and to determine the accuracy requirements in accordance with point 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4. The approval authority may share additional relevant information on a voluntary basis with the GAA or at the request of the GAA.

Table 11

Data to be shared with the GAA from the PEMS test performed in accordance with Annex II to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011

OBFCM ref	Parameter	Parameter reported in Annex II to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011
—	Engine family	10.1.1.5.
—	Engine family members	10.1.1.7.
—	Type of engine: petrol, ethanol (E85), diesel/NG/LPG/ethanol (ED95), B100 (Delete as appropriate)	10.1.1.11.
—	Type-approval number	10.1.5.3.
—	Vehicle type (e.g. M3, N3) and application (e.g. rigid or articulated truck, city bus)	10.1.6.2.
—	Vehicle production year and month	10.1.6.7.
—	Transmission type (e.g. manual, automatic or other)	10.1.6.8.
1	Total fuel consumed (lifetime) (kilograms) at the beginning of the fuel consumption measurement	10.1.10a.1.
1	Total fuel consumed (lifetime) (kilograms) at the end of the fuel consumption measurement	10.1.10a.2.
2	Total distance travelled (lifetime) (kilometres) at the test start of the fuel consumption measurement	10.1.10a.3.
2	Total distance travelled (lifetime) (kilometres) at the test end of the fuel consumption measurement	10.1.10a.4.
3.0	Engine fuel rate (grams/second)	10.1.10a.5.
3.1	Vehicle fuel rate (grams/second)	10.1.10a.6.
5	Average vehicle total mass (kilograms)	10.1.10a.7.
—	Actual mass of the vehicle for the PEMS test with payload (kilograms)	10.1.7.8.
—	Odometer reading at test start (kilometres)	10.1.7.1.
—	Odometer reading at test end of the fuel consumption measurement (kilometres)	10.1.7.1a.
—	THC emissions [g]	10.1.10.8.
—	CO emissions [g]	10.1.10.9.
—	CO2 emissions [g]	10.1.10.11.
—	CH4 emissions [g] for gas engines only	10.1.10.12.
—	Duration [s]	10.1.7.2.

5.2.   Evaluation of monitoring data

• (1) The GAA shall evaluate the monitoring data received by the approval authority by calculating the accuracy of the parameters in accordance with point 4.

• (2) The GAA shall evaluate the accuracy of the ‘total fuel consumed (lifetime) (kilograms)’ of the OBFCM device against the accuracy requirements for fuel consumption as set out in Table 7.

• (3) The GAA shall evaluate the accuracy of the total lifetime distance travelled (kilometres) of the OBFCM device during the PEMS and VTP test against the accuracy requirements for distance travelled as set out in Table 7.

• (4) The GAA shall evaluate the accuracy of the ‘vehicle total mass (kilograms)’ as determined by the OBFCM device during the PEMS and VTP test against the accuracy requirements for vehicle total mass as set out in Table 8.

5.2.1.   Calculation of integrated fuel consumption for the evaluation of (WHTC, WHSC, FCMC) monitoring data

Any recorded negative values for the fuel consumption shall be used directly and shall not be set equal to zero for the calculations of the integrated value.

The total fuel mass (kilograms) consumed by the engine over a complete testcycle (Fuel_ConsumedWHTC, Fuel_ConsumedWHSC, Fuel_ConsumedFCMC) shall be determined by integrating recorded values of fuel massflow over the same start point and end point of the fuel consumption measurement, using the following formula:

Image omitted; see official source

where:

Image omitted; see official source	is the total fuel mass consumed by the engine over the time period from t0 to t1 in kilograms.
t0	is the time at the start of the time period.
t1	is the time at the end of the time period.
n	is the number of recorded values over the period from t0 to t1.
mffuel,k [0 … n]	is the recorded fuel massflow values over the time period from t0 to t1 in chronological order, where k runs from 0 at t0 to n at t1.
h	is the interval width between two adjacent recorded values defined by

Image omitted; see official source

5.2.2.   Evaluation of PEMS monitoring data

	5.2.2.1.	The fuel consumption determined from the PEMS test is evaluated following the accuracy requirement in point 4, where the fuel consumption is measured during the PEMS test and shared with the GAA in accordance with point 5.1.3, and the fuel consumption is calculated using the properties of the appropriate reference fuels, as specified in Annex IX to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011, regardless of the actual fuel used.
---	---	---
	5.2.2.2.	For all equations in points 5.2.2.3 to 5.2.2.10 the integrated data of the points 10.1.10.8 to 10.1.10.12 of Table 11 from test start to test end shall be used, where: FC is the fuel consumption of a specific fuel, g/test; HC are the emissions of hydrocarbons, g/test; CO are the emissions of carbon monoxide, g/test; CO2 are the emissions of carbon dioxide, g/test.
---	---	---
	5.2.2.3.	For vehicles with a positive ignition engine fuelled with petrol (E10) FC = 1,20 × [(0,831 × HC) + (0,429 × CO) + (0,273 × CO2)]
---	---	---
	5.2.2.4.	For vehicles with a positive ignition engine fuelled with LPG FC = 1,212 × [(0,825 × HC) + (0,429 × CO) + (0,273 × CO2)] If the composition of the fuel used for the test differs from the composition that is assumed for the calculation of the normalised consumption, a correction factor cf may be applied at the manufacturer’s request, as follows: FC_norm = 1,212 × cf × [(0,825 × HC) + (0,429 × CO) + (0,273 × CO2)] The correction factor cf, which may be applied, is determined as follows: cf = 0,825 + 0,0693 nactual where: nactual is the actual H/C ratio of the fuel used.
---	---	---
	5.2.2.5.	For vehicles with a positive ignition engine fuelled with NG/biomethane FC = 1,336 × [(0,749 × HC) + (0,429 × CO) + (0,273 × CO2)]
---	---	---
	5.2.2.6.	For vehicles with a positive ignition engine fuelled with ethanol (E85) FC = 1,742 × [(0,574 × HC) + (0,429 × CO) + (0,273 × CO2)]
---	---	---
	5.2.2.7.	For vehicles with a compression ignition engine fuelled with diesel FC = 1,165 × [(0,859 × HC) + (0,429 × CO) + (0,273 × CO2)]
---	---	---
	5.2.2.8.	For vehicles with a compression ignition engine fuelled with ethanol (ED95) FC = 1,86 × [(0,538 × HC) + (0,429 × CO) + (0,273 × CO2)]
---	---	---
	5.2.2.9.	For vehicles with a compression ignition engine fuelled with biodiesel (B100) FC = 1,331 × [(0,770 × HC) + (0,429 × CO) + (0,273 × CO2)]
---	---	---
	5.2.2.10.	If there is an exceedance of the accuracy requirements for a B100 vehicle using the formula in 5.2.2.9 of this Annex, where the test fuel used is FAME B100, the manufacturer may request that the conversion is recalculated based on an analysis of the fuel sample taken in accordance with point 4.4.2.2 of Annex II to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011. In that case, the manufacturer shall determine the FAME content and communicate it to the GAA together with the supporting documents. The GAA shall calculate the fuel consumption, using the following formula: FC = 1,331 × cf × [(0,770 × HC) + (0,429 × CO) + (0,273 × CO2)] For the purposes of this correction, the correction factor cf is determined as follows: Image omitted; see official source where: NCVmeas is the NCV of the fuel used during the test and determined in accordance with point 3.2 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 [MJ/kg]. NCVstd is the standard NCV in accordance with Table 4 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 [MJ/kg].

5.3.   Verification test

	5.3.1.	The GAA shall conduct a statistical verification test in accordance with Annex II if any of the accuracy requirements in any of the tests set out in Table 7 are exceeded.
---	---	---
	5.3.2.	The GAA shall conduct a statistical verification test in accordance with Annex III if any of the accuracy requirements in any of the tests set out in Table 8 are exceeded.
---	---	---
	5.3.3.	Notwithstanding point 5.3.1, for those vehicle groups where only a surveillance of the accuracy applies for the fuel consumption or total distance applies (‘SE’) as set out in Table 1, the accuracy shall be determined, and an exceedance of the accuracy shall not lead to a statistical verification test as set out in Annex II. An exceedance of the accuracy shall be communicated to the manufacturer and to the Commission.
---	---	---
	5.3.4.	Notwithstanding point 5.3.2, for those vehicle groups where only a surveillance of the accuracy applies for vehicle total mass (‘SM’) as set out in Table 1, the accuracy shall be determined, and an exceedance of the accuracy shall not lead to a statistical verification test as set out in Annex III. An exceedance of the accuracy shall be communicated to the manufacturer and to the Commission.

6. MANUFACTURER’S DECLARATION

The following declaration shall be supplied in addition to the Information document set out in Appendix 4 of Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011. Any drawings shall be supplied in appropriate scale and in sufficient detail on size A4 or on a folder of A4 format. Photographs, if any, shall show sufficient detail.

If the systems, components or separate technical units referred to in the declaration of conformity have electronic controls, information concerning their performance shall be supplied.

Explanatory notes (regarding filling in the table):

Letters A, B, C, D and E corresponding to OBFCM family members in accordance with point 2.2 shall be replaced by the actual OBFCM family members’ names.

In case when for a certain OBFCM characteristic same value/description applies for all OBFCM family members the cells corresponding to A-E shall be merged.

The OBFCM device requirement level shall be based on the requirements set out in Table 1.

In case the family consists of more than five members new columns may be added.

6.1.   Manufacturer’s declaration of compliance with regard to requirements for devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and/or electric energy

		Parent Engine or Engine Type	OBFCM Family Members	OBFCM Family Members	OBFCM Family Members	OBFCM Family Members	OBFCM Family Members
		Parent Engine or Engine Type	A	B	C	D	E
(Manufacturer): …..	(Manufacturer): …..	(Manufacturer): …..	(Manufacturer): …..	(Manufacturer): …..	(Manufacturer): …..	(Manufacturer): …..	(Manufacturer): …..
(Address of the manufacturer): …..	(Address of the manufacturer): …..	(Address of the manufacturer): …..	(Address of the manufacturer): …..	(Address of the manufacturer): …..	(Address of the manufacturer): …..	(Address of the manufacturer): …..	(Address of the manufacturer): …..
Certifies that The engine type(s), Engine Family(ies) and/or Vehicle Type(s) listed below comply with the requirements of Article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2161, as regards the devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and/or electric energy.	Certifies that The engine type(s), Engine Family(ies) and/or Vehicle Type(s) listed below comply with the requirements of Article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2161, as regards the devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and/or electric energy.	Certifies that The engine type(s), Engine Family(ies) and/or Vehicle Type(s) listed below comply with the requirements of Article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2161, as regards the devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and/or electric energy.	Certifies that The engine type(s), Engine Family(ies) and/or Vehicle Type(s) listed below comply with the requirements of Article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2161, as regards the devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and/or electric energy.	Certifies that The engine type(s), Engine Family(ies) and/or Vehicle Type(s) listed below comply with the requirements of Article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2161, as regards the devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and/or electric energy.	Certifies that The engine type(s), Engine Family(ies) and/or Vehicle Type(s) listed below comply with the requirements of Article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2161, as regards the devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and/or electric energy.	Certifies that The engine type(s), Engine Family(ies) and/or Vehicle Type(s) listed below comply with the requirements of Article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2161, as regards the devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and/or electric energy.	Certifies that The engine type(s), Engine Family(ies) and/or Vehicle Type(s) listed below comply with the requirements of Article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2161, as regards the devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and/or electric energy.
0	GENERAL	GENERAL	GENERAL	GENERAL	GENERAL	GENERAL	GENERAL
0.1	Make (trade name of manufacturer):
0.2	Engine Type(s) / Engine Family(ies), Vehicle Type(s)
0.2.0.3	Engine type as separate technical unit/engine family as separate technical unit/vehicle with an approved engine with regard to emissions/vehicle with regard to emissions
0.2.0.3.1	Engine type approval number (to be completed after approval), if applicable
0.2.0.3.2	Engine approval type (UN/EU/IVA), if applicable
3.2.13.1	Engine fitted with an on-board fuel and/or energy consumption monitoring device: yes/no If no, reason why that engine is not fitted with an on-board fuel and/or energy consumption monitoring device
3.2.13.2	Description of the working principle of the on-board fuel and/or energy consumption monitoring device
3.2.13.3	Declared compliance with OBFCM device requirement level: Euro VI E+/Euro 7
3.2.13.4	On-board mass monitoring system: yes/no If no, provide the description of the requirements to ensure the communication of the vehicle total mass signal to the OBFCM device
3.2.13.5	Description of the working principle of the on-board mass monitoring system
Done at [Place]	Done at [Place]	Done at [Place]	Done at [Place]	Done at [Place]	Done at [Place]	Done at [Place]	Done at [Place]
On [Date]	On [Date]	On [Date]	On [Date]	On [Date]	On [Date]	On [Date]	On [Date]
[Name and signature of the Manufacturer’s Representative]	[Name and signature of the Manufacturer’s Representative]	[Name and signature of the Manufacturer’s Representative]	[Name and signature of the Manufacturer’s Representative]	[Name and signature of the Manufacturer’s Representative]	[Name and signature of the Manufacturer’s Representative]	[Name and signature of the Manufacturer’s Representative]	[Name and signature of the Manufacturer’s Representative]

6.2.   Manufacturer’s declaration of compliance with regard to requirements for devices for monitoring the total vehicle mass on-board the vehicle

(Manufacturer): …..	(Manufacturer): …..	(Manufacturer): …..
(Address of the manufacturer): …..	(Address of the manufacturer): …..	(Address of the manufacturer): …..
Certifies that The engine type(s), Engine Family(ies) and/or Vehicle Type(s) listed below comply with the requirements of Article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2161, as regards the devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and/or electric energy and payload/mass.	Certifies that The engine type(s), Engine Family(ies) and/or Vehicle Type(s) listed below comply with the requirements of Article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2161, as regards the devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and/or electric energy and payload/mass.	Certifies that The engine type(s), Engine Family(ies) and/or Vehicle Type(s) listed below comply with the requirements of Article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2161, as regards the devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and/or electric energy and payload/mass.
0	GENERAL	GENERAL
0.1	Make (trade name of manufacturer):
0.2	Engine Type(s) / Engine Family(ies), Vehicle Type(s)
0.2.0.3	Engine type as separate technical unit/engine family as separate technical unit/vehicle with an approved engine with regard to emissions/vehicle with regard to emissions
3.2.13.6	On-board mass monitoring system: yes/no If no, reason why that engine is not fitted with an on-board mass monitoring device
3.2.13.5	Description of the working principle of the on-board mass monitoring system
3.2.13.6	Declaration that the requirements to ensure the communication of the vehicle total mass signal to the OBFCM device (as referred to in the declaration of compliance as set out in point 6.1) have been met
Done at [Place]	Done at [Place]	Done at [Place]
On [Date]	On [Date]	On [Date]
[Name and signature of the Manufacturer’s Representative]	[Name and signature of the Manufacturer’s Representative]	[Name and signature of the Manufacturer’s Representative]

[^ntr1-L_202502161EN.000901-E0001]: Specific test procedures for hydrogen and pure electric vehicles will be defined at a later stage.

[^ntr2-L_202502161EN.000901-E0002]: ‘F’ indicates full requirements as specified in point 3.3.

[^ntr3-L_202502161EN.000901-E0003]: ‘T’ indicates transitional requirements as specified in point 3.3.2.

[^ntr4-L_202502161EN.000901-E0004]: ‘SE’ indicates surveillance of the accuracy for OBEM as specified in point 5.3.

[^ntr5-L_202502161EN.000901-E0005]: ‘E’ indicates accuracy requirements for OBEM apply as specified in point 4.2.

[^ntr6-L_202502161EN.000901-E0006]: ‘SM’ indicates surveillance of the accuracy for OBMM as specified in point 5.3.

[^ntr7-L_202502161EN.000901-E0007]: ‘M’ indicates accuracy requirements for OBMM apply as specified in point 4.5.

[^ntr1-L_202502161EN.000901-E0008]: World harmonised transient driving cycle (‘WHTC’) test as performed in accordance with point 4.3.3. of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400.

[^ntr2-L_202502161EN.000901-E0009]: World harmonised steady state cycle (‘WHSC’) test as performed in accordance with point 4.3.4 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400.

[^ntr3-L_202502161EN.000901-E0010]: Fuel consumption mapping cycle (‘FCMC’) test as performed in accordance with point 4.3.5 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400.

[^ntr4-L_202502161EN.000901-E0011]: Portable emissions measurement systems (‘PEMS’) test procedure as performed in accordance with Annex 8 to UN Regulation No 49 or Appendix 1 to Annex II to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011.

[^ntr5-L_202502161EN.000901-E0012]: Verification testing procedure (‘VTP’) test as performed in accordance with Annex Xa to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400.

[^ntr7-L_202502161EN.000901-E0014]: Level ‘Euro VI E+’ for the purpose of the declaration document in point 6.

[^ntr8-L_202502161EN.000901-E0015]: Level ‘Euro 7’ for the purpose of the declaration document in point 6.

[^ntr1-L_202502161EN.000901-E0016]: On-board mass monitoring provisions shall apply only to vehicles with Automated Manual Transmission (AMT) as defined in point 2(19) of Annex VI to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400.

[^ntr8-L_202502161EN.000901-E0017]: The parameters recorded in the active accumulating data shall be updated at least every second, and based on signals that are sampled at a frequency of at least 1 Hertz. The average vehicle speed is based on the distance travelled during the interval.

[^ntr9-L_202502161EN.000901-E0018]: For dual-fuel vehicles, the total lifetime accumulated fuel consumption shall be the sum of each fuel. The mass matrix shall differentiate between the two fuels and have a separate matrix per fuel.

[^ntr10-L_202502161EN.000901-E0019]: Instantaneous brake engine power to be calculated from the engine’s torque and speed, as determined in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 582/2011, and accumulated (at 1 Hz) to give engine’s output energy as a matrix.

[^ntr11-L_202502161EN.000901-E0020]: Signal as to be provided in accordance with point 3.2.2.

[^ntr12-L_202502161EN.000901-E0021]: The parameters recorded in the active accumulating data shall be updated at least every second, and based on signals that are sampled at a frequency of at least 1 Hertz. The average vehicle speed is based on the distance travelled during the interval.

[^ntr13-L_202502161EN.000901-E0022]: Signal as to be provided in accordance with point 3.2.2.

[^ntr14-L_202502161EN.000901-E0023]: The parameters recorded in the active accumulating data shall be updated at least every second, and based on signals that are sampled at a frequency of at least 1 Hertz. The average vehicle speed is based on the distance travelled during the interval.

[^ntr15-L_202502161EN.000901-E0024]: Signal as to be provided in accordance with point 3.2.2.

[^ntr16-L_202502161EN.000901-E0025]: The parameters recorded in the active accumulating data shall be updated at least every second, and based on signals that are sampled at a frequency of at least 1 Hertz. The average vehicle speed is based on the distance travelled during the interval.

[^ntr17-L_202502161EN.000901-E0026]: Signal as to be provided in accordance with point 3.2.2.

[^ntr18-L_202502161EN.000901-E0027]: The parameters recorded in the active accumulating data shall be updated at least every second, and based on signals that are sampled at a frequency of at least 1 Hertz. The average vehicle speed is based on the distance travelled during the interval.

[^ntr19-L_202502161EN.000901-E0028]: Signal as to be provided in accordance with point 3.2.2.

[^ntr20-L_202502161EN.000901-E0029]: ‘Accuracy’ here means the deviation determined by the OBFCM device compared to a measured reference during a test, as calculated for fuel consumption in accordance with point 4.3 and for the total distance travelled in accordance with point 4.4.

[^ntr21-L_202502161EN.000901-E0030]: Accuracy requirements shall be determined for dual-fuel vehicles based on an evaluation of the monitoring data.

[^ntr22-L_202502161EN.000901-E0031]: Systems with ICE include HEV configurations.

ANNEX II

STATISTICAL TESTING PROCEDURE TO VERIFY THE FUEL CONSUMPTION AND DISTANCE DETERMINED BY THE OBFCM DEVICE

1. INTRODUCTION

	1.1.	This Annex sets out the statistical testing procedure to verify the accuracy of the total fuel consumption and total distance as determined by the OBFCM device.

2. STATISTICAL VERIFICATION TESTING PROCEDURE FOR FUEL CONSUMPTION AND DISTANCE

2.1.   Vehicle selection

The vehicle shall be selected from the OBFCM family which exceeded the accuracy requirements in any of the monitoring tests set out in point 4.2. of Annex I, or from the OBFCM family that was selected by the granting approval authority based on a suspicion of non-compliance. A minimum of 3 and maximum of 8 vehicles shall be selected from this family for testing.

2.2.   Vehicle conditions

Vehicle conditions are described in point 4 of Annex Xa to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400. For the fuel consumption measurement as described in point 6.1.5.5 of Annex Xa to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400, the fuel used shall be the one set out in point 2.3 of this Annex.

2.3.   Test fuel

The test procedure shall be performed with a reference fuel specified in Annex IX to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 on which the parent engine has been type-approved under that Regulation.

2.4.   Measurement equipment specifications

The actual fuel mass consumed shall be measured on-board with a measurement device as set out in point 5.7 of Annex Xa to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400. If a run-in phase took place in accordance with point 6.1.2 of that Annex Xa, the vehicle shall be equipped with the fuel consumption measurement system after the run-in phase.

2.5.   Vehicle preparation

The vehicle preparation is described in points 6.1.2, 6.1.3, and 6.1.4 of Annex Xa to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400. The vehicle shall be equipped with the fuel measurement system as specified in point 5.7 of that Annex.

The vehicle tested shall be equipped with the on-board fuel consumption device as type-approved for that vehicle family.

2.5.1.   Vehicle warm-up

Before start of statistical verification test sequence the vehicle may be driven for warm up in accordance with Table 3 of Annex Xa to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400. The warm up phase shall not be considered in the evaluation of the verification test.

2.5.2.   Measurement signals

The fuel measurement signals to be measured are described in point 5.9 in Annex Xa to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400. Those include the ‘fuel mass flow for liquid fuels’, ‘fuel mass flow for gaseous fuels’.

The engine fuel rate signals as determined by the OBFCM device shall also be recorded.

2.5.2.1.   Vehicle speed

The recorded vehicle speed shall be the CAN signal for vehicle speed in the unit km/h as provided by a digital tachograph complying with Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council [^ntr1-L_202502161EN.003401-E0001].

2.5.2.2.   Global positioning system

The longitudinal and latitudinal position shall be provided via a global positioning system.

Required accuracy:

Position: < 3 m 95 % Circular Error Probable

Update rate: ≥ 4 Hz

2.5.2.3.   Ambient temperature

Required accuracy: ± 1 °C

Update rate: ≥ 1 Hz

2.5.3.   Fuel consumption measurement

The fuel consumption measurement shall start at vehicle stand still directly before the measuring run. The vehicle shall be driven during the measurement in a driving style avoiding unnecessary braking of the vehicle, gas pedal pumping and aggressive cornering. The setting for the advanced driver assistance systems which is activated automatically at key-on shall be used, and gear shifts shall be performed by the automated system (in the case of AMT or APT transmissions) and the cruise control shall be used (if applicable). The duration of the fuel consumption measurement shall be within the tolerances set out in Table 3 of Annex Xa to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400. The fuel consumption measurement shall end at vehicle stand still directly after the measuring run.

2.5.4.   OBFCM data read-out during the measuring run

The recording of the total distance travelled (lifetime), total fuel consumed (lifetime) (kilograms), vehicle fuel rate, engine fuel rate, as determined by the OBFCM device, shall start no later than when the fuel consumption measurement has started and end together with the fuel consumption measurement.

The odometer reading shall be taken at vehicle stand still directly before the measuring run and shall be taken at vehicle stand still directly after the end of the fuel consumption measurement.

2.5.5.   Measuring run

The route selected shall fulfil the requirements described in point 6.1.5.1 of Annex Xa to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400.

2.5.6.   Boundary conditions for the verification test

The boundary conditions to be met for a valid verification test are set out in point 6.1.5.7 of Annex Xa to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400.

2.6.   Data evaluation

The recorded data shall be synchronised and aligned to 1 Hz temporal resolution, either by arithmetical average, nearest neighbour or linear interpolation.

2.6.1.   Evaluation of the accuracy of the fuel consumption determined by the OBFCM device

The fuel consumption from the OBFCM device shall be compared with the fuel consumption measured on-board with a measurement device reporting the total amount of fuel consumed in grams.

The accuracy ratio COBFCM,FUEL shall be calculated as follows:

Image omitted; see official source

where:

Fuel_ConsumedTEST is the fuel consumption measured during the statistical test procedure, in accordance with point 2.5.3.

Fuel_ConsumedOBFCM is the fuel consumption measured by the OBFCM device during the statistical test, as specified in point 2.5.4, and calculated by taking the difference between the total fuel consumed (lifetime) reading from the OBFCM device at the end of the test and the total fuel consumed (lifetime) reading from the OBFCM device at the start.

This ratio shall be calculated for each of the statistical tests and shall be used to perform the statistical evaluation as set out in point 3.

2.6.2.   Evaluation of the accuracy of the distance determined by the OBFCM device

The accuracy ratio COBFCM,DISTANCE shall be calculated as follows:

Image omitted; see official source

where:

DODOMETER is the difference between the odometer reading at the end of the test and the odometer reading at the start of the test referred to in point 2.5.4.

DOBFCM is the difference between the lifetime distance reading from the OBFCM device at the end of the test and the lifetime distance reading from the OBFCM device at the start of the test as recorded in point 2.5.4.

That ratio shall be calculated for each of the statistical tests, and shall be used to perform the statistical evaluation as set out in point 3.

The lifetime distance of the OBFCM device shall be compared with the distance read from the odometer, and in the case of a discrepancy over ± 5 %, the manufacturer shall provide an explanation of that discrepancy to the approval authority, which shall notify the Commission of the discrepancy and the explanation thereto.

3. EVALUATION OF THE STATISTICAL TESTING PROCEDURE FOR FUEL CONSUMPTION AND DISTANCE

3.1.   Starting point

The starting point for the statistical evaluation are the values for COBFCM calculated for 3 individual test vehicles (N = 3) in accordance with point 2.6.1 for fuel consumption and in accordance with point 2.6.2 for the total distance.

The criteria set out under point 3.3(3) determine if additional vehicles need to be tested, which shall be verified separately for fuel consumption and total distance.

3.2.   Statistical parameters

For the total number of vehicles tested (N), the average (Xtests) and the standard deviation (s) of the test results shall be determined:

Image omitted; see official source

and

Image omitted; see official source

where:

xi is the value COBFCM calculated for the individual test vehicle i according to point 2.6.1 of this Annex for fuel consumption, and according to point 2.6.2 of this Annex for the total distance.

3.3.   Evaluation

For the 3 vehicles initially tested and after each additional vehicle tested, the value Xtests shall be assessed as set out below in order to reach one of the following conclusions for the in-service verification family or road load family concerned:

• (1) Pass the family if:

Image omitted; see official source

• (2) Fail the family if:

Image omitted; see official source

• (3) Test an additional vehicle if:

Image omitted; see official source

where:

tP and tF are as set out in the table below.

s is the standard deviation determined in accordance with point 3.2.

A is 1,03.

Table 1

Values for the pass/fail decision t-parameters for the fuel consumption and distance verification

Number of vehicles tested	tP	tF
3	1,5889	Highest value of 1,1060 and (0,02/s)[^ntr2-L_202502161EN.003401-E0002]
4	0,9279	0,5068
5	0,6117	0,2836
6	0,3758	0,1528
7	0,1734	0,0646
8	0,0000	0,0000

3.4.   Calculation of the size of the deviation

For the calculation of the size of the deviation, the average (COBFCM) is defined as Xtests for the total number of vehicles tested, after the family has failed according to point 3:

average (COBFCM) = X tests

[^ntr1-L_202502161EN.003401-E0001]: Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 February 2014 on tachographs in road transport, repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85 on recording equipment in road transport and amending Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport (OJ L 60, 28.2.2014, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/165/oj).

[^ntr2-L_202502161EN.003401-E0002]: Where s is the standard deviation determined in accordance with point 3.2. In the case where the standard deviation s is equal to zero, then the value used for tF will be 1,1060.

ANNEX III

STATISTICAL TESTING PROCEDURE TO VERIFY THE TOTAL MASS AS DETERMINED BY THE OBMM

1. INTRODUCTION

	1.1.	This Annex sets out the statistical testing procedure to verify the accuracy of the on-board mass monitoring system. The vehicle total mass as determined by the OBMM system shall be compared with the mass measured by a weighbridge in kg during the verification test set out in this Annex.

2. MASS MONITORING VERIFICATION TESTING PROCEDURE

2.1.   Vehicle selection

The vehicle shall be selected from the OBFCM family which exceeded the total vehicle mass accuracy requirements in any of the monitoring tests set out in Annex I, or from the OBFCM family that was selected by the granting approval authority based on a suspicion of non-compliance. A minimum of 3 and maximum of 8 vehicles shall be selected from this family for testing.

2.2.   Measurement equipment specifications

The actual mass of the vehicle and the actual mass of the vehicle with payload shall be measured with equipment fulfilling the requirements set out in Table 1.

Table 1

Requirements of measurement systems

Measurement system	Accuracy
Weighbridge	50 kg or 0,5 % of max. calibration whichever is smaller

Where:

‘Accuracy’ means the deviation of the measurement reading from a reference value which is traceable to a national or international standard.

A verification of the demanded requirements shall be performed for each measurement system. At least 10 reference values between the minimum and the maximum calibration value shall be introduced to the measurement system and the response of the measurement system shall be recorded as analyser reading.

2.3.   Vehicle conditions

2.3.1.   General conditions

The vehicle shall be in the condition resembling its intended placing on the market. No changes in hardware or in the software are allowed. The tyres may be replaced by measurement tyres of similar size (± 10 %). The requirements as set out in points 3.3 to 3.5 of Annex II to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 shall apply.

Run in of the vehicle is not mandatory. The total mileage of the test vehicle shall be the odometer reading at start of the verification test measurement.

2.3.2.   Test fuel

If requested by the manufacturer, the test procedure shall be performed using reference fuel according to Annex IX to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 on which the parent engine has been type-approved under Article 3 of that Regulation.

The fuel tank shall be full at start of the vehicle warm up. Refuelling of the vehicle between start of warm up and end of mass verification test sequence is not allowed.

2.3.3.   Vehicle configuration

Tractors shall be tested with a semitrailer.

Rigid lorries shall be tested with a 2-axle drawbar or centre axle trailer.

Rigid lorries of the vehicle groups 1, 2, 3 and 16 may be tested with a trailer if a trailer connection is mounted.

Vehicles with an integrated body shall be tested with the final bodies of the complete or completed vehicle.

Any trailers used in the verification test shall be equipped with air suspension and an interface for data transmission to the motor vehicle in accordance with the standard ISO 11992.

2.3.4.   Payload conditions

For the vehicle or vehicle combination to be tested, the value corresponding to 100 % payload is to be calculated based on the difference of maximum authorised weight in accordance with Council Directive 96/53/EC [^ntr1-L_202502161EN.003901-E0001] for the specific vehicle or vehicle combination and the sum of actual masses [^ntr2-L_202502161EN.003901-E0002] of motor vehicle and trailer or semi-trailer if applicable.

The vehicle shall be tested in one of the following payload conditions:

Empty conditions up to max. 25 % payload

Fully loaded conditions in the range of 75 % to 100 % payload

The payload conditions for selected vehicles to be tested shall alternate between empty conditions and fully loaded conditions.

In the case of rigid lorries, the test referring to empty conditions shall be operated without a trailer and with the reference 100 % payload calculated based on the actual mass of the motor vehicle only.

2.3.5.   Settings for PTO

Additional energy consumers not necessary to run the vehicle shall be switched off. Vehicle or vehicle combinations to be tested shall switch off PTO during the test run at vehicle speeds above 1,6 km/h.

2.4.   Measurement signals

The following measured signals shall be recorded during the OBMM verification test sequence as described in point 2.6.

2.4.1.   Vehicle speed

The recorded vehicle speed shall be the CAN signal for vehicle speed in the unit km/h as provided by a digital tachograph complying with the requirements set out in Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.

2.4.2.   TM signal

The recorded TM signal shall meet the requirements as set out in point 3.2 of Annex I.

2.4.3.   Global positioning system

The longitudinal and latitudinal position shall be provided via a global positioning system.

Required accuracy:

Position: < 3 m 95 % Circular Error Probable

Update rate: ≥ 4 Hz

2.4.4.   Ambient temperature

Required accuracy: ± 1 °C

Update rate: ≥ 1 Hz

2.5.   OBMM verification test sequence

For each payload as defined in point 2.3.4 the test sequence shall be executed.

2.5.1.   Warm-up

Before start of statistical verification test sequence the vehicle may be driven for warm up.

2.5.2.   Weighing the vehicle on the weighbridge

The vehicle shall be weighed on a weighbridge either directly before starting of the measuring run or directly after the measuring run as set out in point 2.6 has ended.

2.6.   Measuring run

The boundary conditions to be met for a valid measuring run are set out in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5. Regarding criteria 11 and 12 in Table 2, it is sufficient if either of them is fulfilled.

If the vehicle passes the OBMM verification test in accordance with the pass/fail criterion as set out in point 3, the measuring run shall be considered valid even if the following conditions are not met:

• (i) undershoot of minimum values for parameter No 4, 6, 7, 10, 11 and 12;

• (ii) exceedance of maximum values for parameter No 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9.

Table 2

Parameters relevant for all vehicle group sets

No.	Parameter	Min.	Max.
1	Duration [minutes]	40	120
6	Average ambient temperature	5 °C	30 °C
7	Road condition dry asphalt	100 %	—
8	Road condition snow or ice	—	0 %
9	Sea level of the route [m]	—	800
10	Duration of continuous idling at stand still [minutes]	—	3
11	Dynamics Continuous acceleration phase > 0,5 m/s2 (or at vehicle’s full-load capabilities) with a duration of at least 10 s[^ntr3-L_202502161EN.003901-E0003]	5	—
12	Hilly conditions The route shall include a continuous section with a cumulative positive altitude gain exceeding 750 metres	30 km	—

Table 3

Parameters relevant for vehicle group set #1

No.	Parameter	Min.	Max.
2	Distance based share urban driving	2 %	8 %
3	Distance based share rural driving	7 %	13 %
4	Distance based share motorway driving	79 %	—
5	Time share of idling at stand still	—	5 %

Table 4

Parameters relevant for vehicle group set #2 and #3

No.	Parameter	Min.	Max.
2	Distance based share urban driving	10 %	50 %
3	Distance based share rural driving	15 %	25 %
4	Distance based share motorway driving	25 %	—
5	Time share of idling at stand still	—	10 %

Table 5

Parameters relevant for high floor interurban buses and coaches

No.	Parameter	Min.	Max.
2	Distance based share urban driving	12 %	40 %
3	Distance based share rural driving	10 %	30 %
4	Distance based share motorway driving	30 %	—
5	Time share of idling at stand still	—	10 %

The driven route may include both public and private tracks.

2.7.   Data evaluation

The recorded data shall be synchronised and aligned to 1 Hz temporal resolution, either by arithmetical average, nearest neighbour or linear interpolation.

2.8.   Verification of a valid measuring run

To determine the validity of the measuring run, the criteria listed in point 2.6 shall be calculated. Parameter 11 (dynamics) is to be evaluated on the basis of the vehicle speed signal described in point 2.4.1.

The requirements on hilly conditions according to parameter 12 shall be demonstrated to the approval authority by means of commercially available map material, global positioning system data or through an inclination sensor.

2.9.   Evaluation of the accuracy of the OBMM measurement

The absolute deviation (OBMMDEV) and relative deviation (OBMMRD) shall be calculated by comparing the average vehicle measured mass (TMmeas) and the reference mass (TMref) as follows:

Image omitted; see official source

and

Image omitted; see official source

where:

TMref	is the reference mass for verification of the OBMM system accuracy as determined by weighing the vehicle on the weighbridge as set out in point 2.5.2.
TMmeas	is the average vehicle total mass as determined by the OBMM system. This shall be one value taken as an average over the trip.

The absolute deviation and relative deviation shall be calculated for each of the statistical tests and shall be used to perform the statistical evaluation as set out in point 3 of this Annex.

3. EVALUATION OF THE STATISTICAL TESTING PROCEDURE FOR MASS MONITORING

3.1.   Starting point

The starting point for the statistical evaluation are the values for OBMMDEV and OBMMRD calculated for 3 individual test vehicles (N = 3) according to point 2.9 of this Annex.

The criteria set out under 3.3(3) determine if additional vehicles need to be tested. This shall be verified separately for fuel consumption and total distance.

3.2.   Statistical parameters

For the total number of vehicles tested (N), the average (Xtests) and the standard deviation (s) of the test results shall be determined:

Image omitted; see official source

and

Image omitted; see official source

and

Image omitted; see official source

and

Image omitted; see official source

where:

xDi	is the value OBMMDEV calculated for the individual test vehicle i according to point 2.9 of this Annex.
xRDi	is the value OBMMRD calculated for the individual test vehicle i according to point 2.9 of this Annex.

3.3.   Evaluation

For the 3 vehicles initially tested and after each additional vehicle tested, the value Xtests shall be assessed as set out below in order to reach one of the following conclusions for the OBFCM family concerned:

• (1) Pass the family if:

Image omitted; see official source

or

Image omitted; see official source

Based on the tolerance for passing calculated as follows:

Image omitted; see official source

and

Image omitted; see official source

• (2) Fail the family if the pass criterion has not been met and:

Image omitted; see official source

or

Image omitted; see official source

Based on the tolerance for failing calculated as follows:

Image omitted; see official source

and

Image omitted; see official source

• (3) Test an additional vehicle if:

Image omitted; see official source

and

Image omitted; see official source

where:

coefP,RD, coefF,RD, coefP,DEV and coefF,DEV are as set out in Table 6.

sDEV is the standard deviation of the absolute deviation determined in accordance with point 3.2.

sRD is the standard deviation of the relative deviation determined in accordance with point 3.2.

ARD is 3,00.

ADEV is 1 000.

coefDUR is 1 if the mean of the durations of the measuring run performed under point 2.6 is over 80 minutes, 1,1 if the mean duration is between 60 and 80 minutes, and 1,2 if the mean duration is less than 60 minutes. This mean duration is updated after each additional test.

Table 6

Values for the pass/fail decision coefficients for the mass verification

Tests	coef P,RD	coef F,RD	coef P,DEV	coef F,DEV
3	0,67	2,33	0,61	1,81
4	0,50	1,67	0,50	1,47
5	0,33	1,00	0,33	1,10
6	0,17	0,67	0,17	0,92
7	0,10	0,33	0,10	0,53
8	0	0	0	0

3.4.   Calculation of the size of the deviation

For the calculation of the size of the deviation, the average (OBMMDEV) is defined as Xtests,DEV for the total number of vehicles tested, after the family has failed according to point 3:

average (OBMMDEV) = X tests,DEV

The average (OBMMRD) is defined as Xtests,RD for the total number of vehicles tested, after the family has failed according to point 3:

average (OBMMRD) = X tests,RD

[^ntr1-L_202502161EN.003901-E0001]: Council Directive 96/53/EC of 25 July 1996 laying down for certain road vehicles circulating within the Community the maximum authorized dimensions in national and international traffic and the maximum authorized weights in international traffic (OJ L 235, 17.9.1996, p. 59, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/1996/53/oj).

[^ntr2-L_202502161EN.003901-E0002]: Referring to the definition of ‘actual mass of the vehicle’ as set out in Article 2(6) of Commission Regulation (EU) No 1230/2012 of 12 December 2012 implementing Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to type-approval requirements for masses and dimensions of motor vehicles and their trailers and amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 353, 21.12.2012, p. 31, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2012/1230/oj).

[^ntr3-L_202502161EN.003901-E0003]: In the accelerations, traction interruptions are allowed for gear shifting. The traction interruption time shall however not be considered when calculating the duration of the acceleration phase.

ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/2161/oj

ISSN 1977-0677 (electronic edition)