LegalizeReform history
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
24 versions
· 1987-05-15
2025-06-13
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2023-12-26
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2022-12-01
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2022-04-28
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2019-12-02
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2017-05-08
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2017-01-31
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2013-07-01
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2012-03-14
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2012-01-16
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2012-01-15
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2010-04-01
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2009-12-17
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2009-10-01
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2009-06-01
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2008-12-01
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2006-06-21
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2005-12-05
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2005-05-31
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2005-02-28
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2004-03-30
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
Changes on 2004-03-30
@@ -784,484 +784,480 @@
- (ii) no direction was given by the tribunal when making the order.
- (2) Procedure regulations shall make provision—
- (a) for requiring notice of an application for an order under section 24 in respect of any premises to be served on such descriptions of persons as may be specified in the regulations; and
- (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
#### Appointment of manager by the court
##### 24
- (1) A leasehold valuation tribunal may, on an application for an order under this section, by order (whether interlocutory or final) appoint a manager to carry out in relation to any premises to which this Part applies—
- (a) such functions in connection with the management of the premises, or
- (b) such functions of a receiver,
or both, as the tribunal thinks fit.
- (2) A leasehold valuation tribunal may only make an order under this section in the following circumstances, namely—
- (a) where the tribunal is satisfied—
- (i) that any relevant person either is in breach of any obligation owed by him to the tenant under his tenancy and relating to the management of the premises in question or any part of them or (in the case of an obligation dependent on notice) would be in breach of any such obligation but for the fact that it has not been reasonably practicable for the tenant to give him the appropriate notice, and
- (ii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- (iii) that it is just and convenient to make the order in all the circumstances of the case;
- (ab) where the tribunal is satisfied—
- (i) that unreasonable service charges have been made, or are proposed or likely to be made, and
- (ii) that it is just and convenient to make the order in all the circumstances of the case;
- (aba) where the tribunal is satisfied—
- (i) that unreasonable variable administration charges have been made, or are proposed or likely to be made, and
- (ii) that it is just and convenient to make the order in all the circumstances of the case;
- (ac) where the tribunal is satisfied—
- (i) that any relevant person has failed to comply with any relevant provision of a code of practice approved by the Secretary of State under section 87 of the Leasehold Reform, Housing and Urban Development Act 1993 (codes of management practice), and
- (ii) that it is just and convenient to make the order in all the circumstances of the case; or
- (b) where the tribunal is satisfied that other circumstances exist which make it just and convenient for the order to be made.
- (2ZA) In this section “*relevant person*” means a person—
- (a) on whom a notice has been served under section 22, or
- (b) in the case of whom the requirement to serve a notice under that section has been dispensed with by an order under subsection (3) of that section.
- (2A) For the purposes of subsection (2)(ab) a service charge shall be taken to be unreasonable—
- (a) if the amount is unreasonable having regard to the items for which it is payable,
- (b) if the items for which it is payable are of an unnecessarily high standard, or
- (c) if the items for which it is payable are of an insufficient standard with the result that additional service charges are or may be incurred.
In that provision and this subsection “*service charge*” means a service charge within the meaning of section 18(1) of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985, other than one excluded from that section by section 27 of that Act (rent of dwelling registered and not entered as variable).
- (2B) In subsection (2)(aba) “*variable administration charge*” has the meaning given by paragraph 1 of Schedule 11 to the Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002.
- (3) The premises in respect of which an order is made under this section may, if the tribunal thinks fit, be either more or less extensive than the premises specified in the application on which the order is made.
- (4) An order under this section may make provision with respect to—
- (a) such matters relating to the exercise by the manager of his functions under the order, and
- (b) such incidental or ancillary matters,
as the tribunal thinks fit; and, on any subsequent application made for the purpose by the manager, the tribunal may give him directions with respect to any such matters.
- (5) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (4), an order under this section may provide—
- (a) for rights and liabilities arising under contracts to which the manager is not a party to become rights and liabilities of the manager;
- (b) for the manager to be entitled to prosecute claims in respect of causes of action (whether contractual or tortious) accruing before or after the date of his appointment;
- (c) for remuneration to be paid to the manager by any relevant person , or by the tenants of the premises in respect of which the order is made or by all or any of those persons;
- (d) for the manager’s functions to be exercisable by him (subject to subsection (9)) either during a specified period or without limit of time.
- (6) Any such order may be granted subject to such conditions as the tribunal thinks fit, and in particular its operation may be suspended on terms fixed by the tribunal.
- (7) In a case where an application for an order under this section was preceded by the service of a notice under section 22, the tribunal may, if it thinks fit, make such an order notwithstanding—
- (a) that any period specified in the notice in pursuance of subsection (2)(d) of that section was not a reasonable period, or
- (b) that the notice failed in any other respect to comply with any requirement contained in subsection (2) of that section or in any regulations applying to the notice under section 54(3).
- (8) The Land Charges Act 1972 and the Land Registration Act 2002 shall apply in relation to an order made under this section as they apply in relation to an order appointing a receiver or sequestrator of land.
- (9) A leasehold valuation tribunal may, on the application of any person interested, vary or discharge (whether conditionally or unconditionally) an order made under this section; and if the order has been protected by an entry registered under the Land Charges Act 1972 or the Land Registration Act 2002, the tribunal may by order direct that the entry shall be cancelled.
- (9A) the tribunal shall not vary or discharge an order under subsection (9) on the application of any relevant person unless it is satisfied—
- (a) that the variation or discharge of the order will not result in a recurrence of the circumstances which led to the order being made, and
- (b) that it is just and convenient in all the circumstances of the case to vary or discharge the order.
- (10) An order made under this section shall not be discharged by a leasehold valuation tribunal by reason only that, by virtue of section 21(3), the premises in respect of which the order was made have ceased to be premises to which this Part applies.
- (11) References in this Part to the management of any premises include references to the repair, maintenance , improvement or insurance of those premises.
## Part III — Compulsory Acquisition by Tenants of their Landlord’s Interest
#### Compulsory acquisition of landlord's interest by qualifying tenants
##### 25
- (1) This Part has effect for the purpose of enabling qualifying tenants of flats contained in any premises to which this Part applies to make an application to the court for an order providing for a person nominated by them to acquire their landlord’s interest in the premises without his consent; and any such order is referred to in this Part as “*an acquisition order*”.
- (2) Subject to subsections (4) and (5), this Part applies to premises if—
- (a) they consist of the whole or part of a building; and
- (b) they contain two or more flats held by tenants of the landlord who are qualifying tenants; and
- (c) the total number of flats held by such tenants is not less than two-thirds of the total number of flats contained in the premises.
- (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- (4) This Part does not apply to premises falling within subsection (2) if—
- (a) any part or parts of the premises is or are occupied or intended to be occupied otherwise than for residential purposes; and
- (b) the internal floor area of that part or those parts (taken together) exceeds 50 per cent. of the internal floor area of the premises (taken as a whole);
and for the purposes of this subsection the internal floor area of any common parts shall be disregarded.
- (5) This Part also does not apply to any such premises at a time when—
- (a) the interest of the landlord in the premises is held by an exempt landlord or a resident landlord, or
- (b) the premises are included within the functional land of any charity.
- (6) The Secretary of State may by order substitute for the percentage for the time being specified in subsection (4)(b) such other percentage as is specified in the order.
#### Qualifying tenants
##### 26
- (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), a person is a qualifying tenant of a flat for the purposes of this Part if he is the tenant of the flat under a long lease other than one constituting a tenancy to which Part II of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 applies.
- (2) A person is not to be regarded as being a qualifying tenant of a flat contained in any particular premises consisting of the whole or part of a building if by virtue of one or more long leases none of which constitutes a tenancy to which Part II of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 applies, he is the tenant not only of the flat in question but also of at least two other flats contained in those premises.
- (3) A tenant of a flat under a long lease whose landlord is a qualifying tenant of that flat is not to be regarded as being a qualifying tenant of that flat.
- (4) For the purposes of subsection (2) any tenant of a flat contained in the premises in question who is a body corporate shall be treated as the tenant of any other flat so contained and let to an associated company, as defined in section 20(1).
#### Preliminary notice by tenants
##### 27
- (1) Before an application for an acquisition order is made in respect of any premises to which this Part applies, a notice under this section must (subject to subsection (3)) be served on the landlord by qualifying tenants of the flats contained in the premises who, at the date when it is served, constitute the requisite majority of such tenants.
- (2) A notice under this section must—
- (a) specify the names of the qualifying tenants by whom it is served, the addresses of their flats and the name and the address in England and Wales of a person on whom the landlord may serve notices (including notices in proceedings) in connection with this Part instead of serving them on those tenants;
- (b) state that those tenants intend to make an application for an acquisition order to be made by the court in respect of such premises to which this Part applies as are specified in the notice, but (if paragraph (d) is applicable) that they will not do so if the landlord complies with the requirement specified in pursuance of that paragraph;
- (c) specify the grounds on which the court would be asked to make such an order and the matters that would be relied on by the tenants for the purpose of establishing those grounds;
- (d) where those matters are capable of being remedied by the landlord, require the landlord, within such reasonable period as is specified in the notice, to take such steps for the purpose of remedying them as are so specified; and
- (e) contain such information (if any) as the Secretary of State may by regulations prescribe.
- (3) The court may by order dispense with the requirement to serve a notice under this section in a case where it is satisfied that it would not be reasonably practicable to serve such a notice on the landlord, but the court may, when doing so, direct that such other notices are served, or such other steps are taken, as it thinks fit.
- (4) Any reference in this Part to the requisite majority of qualifying tenants of the flats contained in any premises is a reference to qualifying tenants of the flats so contained with not less than two-thirds of the available votes; and for the purposes of this subsection—
- (a) the total number of available votes shall correspond to the total number of those flats for the time being let to qualifying tenants; and
- (b) there shall be one available vote in respect of each of the flats so let which shall be attributed to the qualifying tenant to whom it is let.
- (5) Nothing in this Part shall be construed as requiring the persons constituting any such majority in any one context to be the same as the persons constituting any such majority in any other context.
#### Applications for acquisition orders
##### 28
- (1) An application for an acquisition order in respect of any premises to which this Part applies must be made by qualifying tenants of the flats contained in the premises who, at the date when it is made, constitute the requisite majority of such tenants.
- (2) No such application shall be made to the court unless—
- (a) in a case where a notice has been served under section 27, either—
- (i) the period specified in pursuance of paragraph (d) of subsection (2) of that section has expired without the landlord having taken the steps that he was required to take in pursuance of that provision, or
- (ii) that paragraph was not applicable in the circumstances of the case; or
- (b) in a case where the requirement to serve such a notice has been dispensed with by an order under subsection (3) of that section, either—
- (i) any notices required to be served, and any other steps required to be taken, by virtue of the order have been served or (as the case may be) taken, or
- (ii) no direction was given by the court when making the order.
- (3) An application for an acquisition order may, subject to the preceding provisions of this Part, be made in respect of two or more premises to which this Part applies.
- (4) Rules of court shall make provision—
- (a) for requiring notice of an application for an acquisition order in respect of any premises to be served on such descriptions of persons as may be specified in the rules; and
- (b) for enabling persons served with any such notice to be joined as parties to the proceedings.
#### Appointment of manager by the court
##### 24
- (1) A leasehold valuation tribunal may, on an application for an order under this section, by order (whether interlocutory or final) appoint a manager to carry out in relation to any premises to which this Part applies—
- (a) such functions in connection with the management of the premises, or
- (b) such functions of a receiver,
or both, as the tribunal thinks fit.
- (2) A leasehold valuation tribunal may only make an order under this section in the following circumstances, namely—
- (a) where the tribunal is satisfied—
- (i) that any relevant person either is in breach of any obligation owed by him to the tenant under his tenancy and relating to the management of the premises in question or any part of them or (in the case of an obligation dependent on notice) would be in breach of any such obligation but for the fact that it has not been reasonably practicable for the tenant to give him the appropriate notice, and
- (ii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- (iii) that it is just and convenient to make the order in all the circumstances of the case;
- (ab) where the tribunal is satisfied—
- (i) that unreasonable service charges have been made, or are proposed or likely to be made, and
- (ii) that it is just and convenient to make the order in all the circumstances of the case;
- (aba) where the tribunal is satisfied—
- (i) that unreasonable variable administration charges have been made, or are proposed or likely to be made, and
- (ii) that it is just and convenient to make the order in all the circumstances of the case;
- (ac) where the tribunal is satisfied—
- (i) that any relevant person has failed to comply with any relevant provision of a code of practice approved by the Secretary of State under section 87 of the Leasehold Reform, Housing and Urban Development Act 1993 (codes of management practice), and
- (ii) that it is just and convenient to make the order in all the circumstances of the case; or
- (b) where the tribunal is satisfied that other circumstances exist which make it just and convenient for the order to be made.
- (2ZA) In this section “*relevant person*” means a person—
- (a) on whom a notice has been served under section 22, or
- (b) in the case of whom the requirement to serve a notice under that section has been dispensed with by an order under subsection (3) of that section.
- (2A) For the purposes of subsection (2)(ab) a service charge shall be taken to be unreasonable—
- (a) if the amount is unreasonable having regard to the items for which it is payable,
- (b) if the items for which it is payable are of an unnecessarily high standard, or
- (c) if the items for which it is payable are of an insufficient standard with the result that additional service charges are or may be incurred.
In that provision and this subsection “*service charge*” means a service charge within the meaning of section 18(1) of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985, other than one excluded from that section by section 27 of that Act (rent of dwelling registered and not entered as variable).
- (2B) In subsection (2)(aba) “*variable administration charge*” has the meaning given by paragraph 1 of Schedule 11 to the Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002.
- (3) The premises in respect of which an order is made under this section may, if the tribunal thinks fit, be either more or less extensive than the premises specified in the application on which the order is made.
- (4) An order under this section may make provision with respect to—
- (a) such matters relating to the exercise by the manager of his functions under the order, and
- (b) such incidental or ancillary matters,
as the tribunal thinks fit; and, on any subsequent application made for the purpose by the manager, the tribunal may give him directions with respect to any such matters.
- (5) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (4), an order under this section may provide—
- (a) for rights and liabilities arising under contracts to which the manager is not a party to become rights and liabilities of the manager;
- (b) for the manager to be entitled to prosecute claims in respect of causes of action (whether contractual or tortious) accruing before or after the date of his appointment;
- (c) for remuneration to be paid to the manager by any relevant person , or by the tenants of the premises in respect of which the order is made or by all or any of those persons;
- (d) for the manager’s functions to be exercisable by him (subject to subsection (9)) either during a specified period or without limit of time.
- (6) Any such order may be granted subject to such conditions as the tribunal thinks fit, and in particular its operation may be suspended on terms fixed by the tribunal.
- (7) In a case where an application for an order under this section was preceded by the service of a notice under section 22, the tribunal may, if it thinks fit, make such an order notwithstanding—
- (5) The Land Charges Act 1972 and the Land Registration Act 2002 shall apply in relation to an application for an acquisition order as they apply in relation to other pending land actions.
- (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
#### Conditions for making acquisition orders
##### 29
- (1) The court may, on an application for an acquisition order, make such an order in respect of any premises if—
- (a) the court is satisfied—
- (i) that those premises were, at the date of service on the landlord of the notice (if any) under section 27 and on the date when the application was made, premises to which this Part applies, and
- (ii) that they have not ceased to be such premises since the date when the application was made, and
- (b) either of the conditions specified in subsections (2) and (3) is fulfilled with respect to those premises, and
- (c) the court considers it appropriate to make the order in the circumstances of the case.
- (2) The first of the conditions referred to in subsection (1)(b) is that the court is satisfied—
- (a) that the landlord either is in breach of any obligation owed by him to the applicants under their leases and relating to the ... management of the premises in question, or any part of them, or (in the case of an obligation dependent on notice) would be in breach of any such obligation but for the fact that it has not been reasonably practicable for the tenant to give him the appropriate notice, and
- (b) that the circumstances by virtue of which he is (or would be) in breach of any such obligation are likely to continue, . . .
- (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- (2A) The reference in subsection (2) to the management of any premises includes a reference to the repair, maintenance, improvement or insurance of those premises.
- (3) The second of those conditions is that, both at the date when the application was made and throughout the period of two years immediately preceding that date, there was in force an appointment under Part II of a person to act as manager in relation to the premises in question which was made by reason of an act or omission on the part of the landlord.
- (4) An acquisition order may, if the court thinks fit—
- (a) include any yard, garden, outhouse or appurtenance belonging to, or usually enjoyed with, the premises specified in the application on which the order is made;
- (b) exclude any part of the premises so specified.
- (5) Where—
- (a) the premises in respect of which an application for an acquisition order is made consist of part only of more extensive premises in which the landlord has an interest, and
- (b) it appears to the court that the landlord’s interest in the latter premises is not reasonably capable of being severed, either in the manner contemplated by the application or in any manner authorised by virtue of subsection (4)(b),
then, notwithstanding that paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (1) apply, the court shall not make an acquisition order on the application.
- (6) In a case where an application for an acquisition order was preceded by the service of a notice under section 27, the court may, if it thinks fit, make such an order notwithstanding—
- (a) that any period specified in the notice in pursuance of subsection (2)(d) of that section was not a reasonable period, or
- (b) that the notice failed in any other respect to comply with any requirement contained in subsection (2) of that section or in any regulations applying to the notice under section 54(3).
- (8) The Land Charges Act 1972 and the Land Registration Act 2002 shall apply in relation to an order made under this section as they apply in relation to an order appointing a receiver or sequestrator of land.
- (9) A leasehold valuation tribunal may, on the application of any person interested, vary or discharge (whether conditionally or unconditionally) an order made under this section; and if the order has been protected by an entry registered under the Land Charges Act 1972 or the Land Registration Act 2002, the tribunal may by order direct that the entry shall be cancelled.
- (9A) the court tribunal shall not vary or discharge an order under subsection (9) on the application of any relevant person unless it is satisfied—
- (a) that the variation or discharge of the order will not result in a recurrence of the circumstances which led to the order being made, and
- (b) that it is just and convenient in all the circumstances of the case to vary or discharge the order.
- (10) An order made under this section shall not be discharged by a leasehold valuation tribunal by reason only that, by virtue of section 21(3), the premises in respect of which the order was made have ceased to be premises to which this Part applies.
- (11) References in this Part to the management of any premises include references to the repair, maintenance , improvement or insurance of those premises.
## Part III — Compulsory Acquisition by Tenants of their Landlord’s Interest
#### Compulsory acquisition of landlord's interest by qualifying tenants
##### 25
- (1) This Part has effect for the purpose of enabling qualifying tenants of flats contained in any premises to which this Part applies to make an application to the court for an order providing for a person nominated by them to acquire their landlord’s interest in the premises without his consent; and any such order is referred to in this Part as “*an acquisition order*”.
- (2) Subject to subsections (4) and (5), this Part applies to premises if—
- (a) they consist of the whole or part of a building; and
- (b) they contain two or more flats held by tenants of the landlord who are qualifying tenants; and
- (c) the total number of flats held by such tenants is not less than two-thirds of the total number of flats contained in the premises.
- (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- (4) This Part does not apply to premises falling within subsection (2) if—
- (a) any part or parts of the premises is or are occupied or intended to be occupied otherwise than for residential purposes; and
- (b) the internal floor area of that part or those parts (taken together) exceeds 50 per cent. of the internal floor area of the premises (taken as a whole);
and for the purposes of this subsection the internal floor area of any common parts shall be disregarded.
- (5) This Part also does not apply to any such premises at a time when—
- (a) the interest of the landlord in the premises is held by an exempt landlord or a resident landlord, or
- (b) the premises are included within the functional land of any charity.
- (6) The Secretary of State may by order substitute for the percentage for the time being specified in subsection (4)(b) such other percentage as is specified in the order.
#### Qualifying tenants
##### 26
- (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), a person is a qualifying tenant of a flat for the purposes of this Part if he is the tenant of the flat under a long lease other than one constituting a tenancy to which Part II of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 applies.
- (2) A person is not to be regarded as being a qualifying tenant of a flat contained in any particular premises consisting of the whole or part of a building if by virtue of one or more long leases none of which constitutes a tenancy to which Part II of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 applies, he is the tenant not only of the flat in question but also of at least two other flats contained in those premises.
- (3) A tenant of a flat under a long lease whose landlord is a qualifying tenant of that flat is not to be regarded as being a qualifying tenant of that flat.
- (4) For the purposes of subsection (2) any tenant of a flat contained in the premises in question who is a body corporate shall be treated as the tenant of any other flat so contained and let to an associated company, as defined in section 20(1).
#### Preliminary notice by tenants
##### 27
- (1) Before an application for an acquisition order is made in respect of any premises to which this Part applies, a notice under this section must (subject to subsection (3)) be served on the landlord by qualifying tenants of the flats contained in the premises who, at the date when it is served, constitute the requisite majority of such tenants.
- (2) A notice under this section must—
- (a) specify the names of the qualifying tenants by whom it is served, the addresses of their flats and the name and the address in England and Wales of a person on whom the landlord may serve notices (including notices in proceedings) in connection with this Part instead of serving them on those tenants;
- (b) state that those tenants intend to make an application for an acquisition order to be made by the court in respect of such premises to which this Part applies as are specified in the notice, but (if paragraph (d) is applicable) that they will not do so if the landlord complies with the requirement specified in pursuance of that paragraph;
- (c) specify the grounds on which the court would be asked to make such an order and the matters that would be relied on by the tenants for the purpose of establishing those grounds;
- (d) where those matters are capable of being remedied by the landlord, require the landlord, within such reasonable period as is specified in the notice, to take such steps for the purpose of remedying them as are so specified; and
- (e) contain such information (if any) as the Secretary of State may by regulations prescribe.
- (3) The court may by order dispense with the requirement to serve a notice under this section in a case where it is satisfied that it would not be reasonably practicable to serve such a notice on the landlord, but the court may, when doing so, direct that such other notices are served, or such other steps are taken, as it thinks fit.
- (4) Any reference in this Part to the requisite majority of qualifying tenants of the flats contained in any premises is a reference to qualifying tenants of the flats so contained with not less than two-thirds of the available votes; and for the purposes of this subsection—
- (a) the total number of available votes shall correspond to the total number of those flats for the time being let to qualifying tenants; and
- (b) there shall be one available vote in respect of each of the flats so let which shall be attributed to the qualifying tenant to whom it is let.
- (5) Nothing in this Part shall be construed as requiring the persons constituting any such majority in any one context to be the same as the persons constituting any such majority in any other context.
#### Applications for acquisition orders
##### 28
- (1) An application for an acquisition order in respect of any premises to which this Part applies must be made by qualifying tenants of the flats contained in the premises who, at the date when it is made, constitute the requisite majority of such tenants.
- (2) No such application shall be made to the court unless—
- (a) in a case where a notice has been served under section 27, either—
- (i) the period specified in pursuance of paragraph (d) of subsection (2) of that section has expired without the landlord having taken the steps that he was required to take in pursuance of that provision, or
- (ii) that paragraph was not applicable in the circumstances of the case; or
- (b) in a case where the requirement to serve such a notice has been dispensed with by an order under subsection (3) of that section, either—
- (i) any notices required to be served, and any other steps required to be taken, by virtue of the order have been served or (as the case may be) taken, or
- (ii) no direction was given by the court when making the order.
- (3) An application for an acquisition order may, subject to the preceding provisions of this Part, be made in respect of two or more premises to which this Part applies.
- (4) Rules of court shall make provision—
- (a) for requiring notice of an application for an acquisition order in respect of any premises to be served on such descriptions of persons as may be specified in the rules; and
- (7) Where any premises are premises to which this Part applies at the time when an application for an acquisition order is made in respect of them, then, for the purposes of this section and the following provisions of this Part, they shall not cease to be such premises by reason only that—
- (a) the interest of the landlord in them subsequently becomes held by an exempt landlord or a resident landlord, or
- (b) they subsequently become included within the functional land of any charity.
#### Content of acquisition orders
##### 30
- (1) Where an acquisition order is made by the court, the order shall (except in a case falling within section 33(1)) provide for the nominated person to be entitled to acquire the landlord’s interest in the premises specified in the order on such terms as may be determined—
- (a) by agreement between the landlord and the qualifying tenants in whose favour the order is made, or
- (b) in default of agreement, by a rent assessment committee under section 31.
- (2) An acquisition order may be granted subject to such conditions as the court thinks fit, and in particular its operation may be suspended on terms fixed by the court.
- (3) References in this Part, in relation to an acquisition order, to the nominated person are references to such person or persons as may be nominated for the purposes of this Part by the persons applying for the order.
- (4) Those persons must secure that the nominated person is joined as a party to the application, and no further nomination of a person for the purposes of this Part shall be made by them after the order is made (whether in addition to, or in substitution for, the existing nominated person) except with the approval of the court.
- (5) Where the landlord is, by virtue of any covenant, condition or other obligation, precluded from disposing of his interest in the premises in respect of which an acquisition order has been made unless the consent of some other person is obtained—
- (a) he shall use his best endeavours to secure that the consent of that person to that disposal is obtained and, if it appears to him that that person is obliged not to withhold his consent unreasonably but has nevertheless so withheld it, shall institute proceedings for a declaration to that effect; but
- (b) if—
- (i) the landlord has discharged any duty imposed on him by paragraph (a), and
- (ii) the consent of that person has been withheld, and
- (iii) no such declaration has been made,
the order shall cease to have effect.
- (6) The Land Charges Act 1972 and the Land Registration Act 2002 shall apply in relation to an acquisition order as they apply in relation to an order affecting land made by the court for the purpose of enforcing a judgment or recognisance.
#### Determination of terms by rent assessment committees
##### 31
- (1) A leasehold valuation tribunal shall have jurisdiction to determine the terms on which the landlord’s interest in the premises specified in an acquisition order may be acquired by the nominated person to the extent that those terms have not been determined by agreement between the landlord and either—
- (a) the qualifying tenants in whose favour the order was made, or
- (b) the nominated person;
and (subject to subsection (2)) the tribunal shall determine any such terms on the basis of what appears to them to be fair and reasonable.
- (2) Where an application is made under this section for the tribunal to determine the consideration payable for the acquisition of a landlord’s interest in any premises, the tribunal shall do so by determining an amount equal to the amount which, in their opinion, that interest might be expected to realise if sold on the open market by a willing seller on the appropriate terms and on the assumption that none of the tenants of the landlord of any premises comprised in those premises was buying or seeking to buy that interest.
- (3) In subsection (2) “*the appropriate terms*” means all of the terms to which the acquisition of the landlord’s interest in pursuance of the order is to be subject (whether determined by agreement as mentioned in subsection (1) or on an application under this section) apart from those relating to the consideration payable.
- (4) On any application under this section the interests of the qualifying tenants in whose favour the acquisition order was made shall be represented by the nominated person, and accordingly the parties to any such application shall not include those tenants.
- (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- (6) Nothing in this section shall be construed as authorising a leasehold valuation tribunal to determine any terms dealing with matters in relation to which provision is made by section 32 or 33.
#### Discharge of existing mortgages
##### 32
- (1) Where the landlord’s interest in any premises is acquired in pursuance of an acquisition order, the instrument by virtue of which it is so acquired shall (subject to subsection (2) and Part II of Schedule 1) operate to discharge the premises from any charge on that interest to secure the payment of money or the performance of any other obligation by the landlord or any other person.
- (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to any such charge if—
- (a) it has been agreed between the landlord and either—
- (i) the qualifying tenants in whose favour the order was made, or
- (ii) the nominated person,
that the landlord’s interest should be acquired subject to the charge, or
- (b) the court is satisfied, whether on the application for the order or on an application made by the person entitled to the benefit of the charge, that in the exceptional circumstances of the case it would be fair and reasonable that the landlord’s interest should be so acquired, and orders accordingly.
- (3) This section and Part II of Schedule 1 shall apply, with any necessary modifications, to mortgages and liens as they apply to charges; but nothing in those provisions shall apply to a rentcharge.
#### Acquisition order where landlord cannot be found
##### 33
- (1) Where an acquisition order is made by the court in a case where the landlord cannot be found, or his identity cannot be ascertained, the order shall provide for the landlord’s interest in the premises specified in the order to vest in the nominated person on the following terms, namely—
- (a) such terms as to payment as are specified in subsection (2), and
- (b) such other terms as the court thinks fit, being terms which, in the opinion of the court, correspond so far as possible to those on which the interest might be expected to be transferred if it were being transferred by the landlord.
- (2) The terms as to payment referred to in subsection (1)(a) are terms requiring the payment into court of—
- (a) such amount as a surveyor selected by the President of the Lands Tribunal may certify to be in his opinion the amount which the landlord’s interest might be expected to realise if sold as mentioned in section 31(2); and
- (b) any amounts or estimated amounts remaining due to the landlord from any tenants of his of any premises comprised in the premises in respect of which the order is made, being amounts or estimated amounts determined by the court as being due from those persons under the terms of their leases.
- (3) Where any amount or amounts required by virtue of subsection (2) to be paid into court are so paid, the landlord’s interest shall, by virtue of this section, vest in the nominated person in accordance with the order.
#### Discharge of acquisition order and withdrawal by tenants
##### 34
- (1) If, on an application by a landlord in respect of whose interest an acquisition order has been made, the court is satisfied—
- (a) that the nominated person has had a reasonable time within which to effect the acquisition of that interest in pursuance of the order but has not done so, or
- (b) that the number of qualifying tenants of flats contained in the premises in question who desire to proceed with the acquisition of the landlord’s interest is less than the requisite majority of qualifying tenants of the flats contained in those premises, or
- (c) that the premises in question have ceased to be premises to which this Part applies,
the court may discharge the order.
- (2) Where—
- (a) a notice is served on the landlord by the qualifying tenants by whom a notice has been served under section 27 or (as the case may be) by whom an application has been made for an acquisition order, or by the person nominated for the purposes of this Part by any such tenants, and
- (b) the notice indicates an intention no longer to proceed with the acquisition of the landlord’s interest in the premises in question,
the landlord may (except in a case where subsection (4) applies) recover under this subsection any costs reasonably incurred by him in connection with the disposal by him of that interest down to the time when the notice is served ; and, if the notice is served after the making of an acquisition order, that order shall cease to have effect.
- (3) If (whether before or after the making of an acquisition order) the nominated person becomes aware—
- (a) that the number of qualifying tenants of flats contained in the premises in question who desire to proceed with the acquisition of the landlord’s interest is less than the requisite majority of qualifying tenants of the flats contained in those premises, or
- (b) that those premises have ceased to be premises to which this Part applies,
he shall forthwith serve on the landlord a notice indicating an intention no longer to proceed with the acquisition of that interest, and subsection (2) shall apply accordingly.
- (4) If, at any time when any proceedings taken under or by virtue of this Part are pending before the court or the Lands Tribunal—
- (a) such a notice as is mentioned in subsection (2) or (3) is served on the landlord, or
- (b) the nominated person indicates that he is no longer willing to act in the matter and nobody is nominated for the purposes of this Part in his place, or
- (c) the number of qualifying tenants of flats contained in the premises in question who desire to proceed with the acquisition of the landlord’s interest falls below the requisite majority of qualifying tenants of the flats contained in those premises, or
- (d) those premises cease to be premises to which this Part applies,
or if the court discharges an acquisition order under subsection (1), the landlord may recover such costs incurred by him in connection with the disposal by him of his interest in those premises as the court or (as the case may be) the Tribunal may determine.
- (5) The costs that may be recovered by the landlord under subsection (2) or (4) include costs incurred by him in connection with any proceedings under this Part (other than proceedings before a rent assessment committee).
- (6) Any liability for costs arising under this section shall be the joint and several liability of the following persons, namely—
- (a) where the liability arises before the making of an application for an acquisition order, the tenants by whom a notice was served under section 27, or
- (b) where the liability arises after the making of such an application, the tenants by whom the application was made,
together with (in either case) any person nominated by those tenants for the purposes of this Part.
- (7) In relation to any time when a tenant falling within paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (6) has ceased to have vested in him the interest under his lease, that paragraph shall be construed as applying instead to the person who is for the time being the successor in title to that interest.
- (8) Nothing in this section shall be construed as authorising the court to discharge an acquisition order where the landlord’s interest has already been acquired in pursuance of the order.
- (9) If—
- (a) an acquisition order is discharged, or ceases to have effect, by virtue of any provision of this Part, and
- (b) the order has been protected by an entry registered under the Land Charges Act 1972 or the Land Registration Act 2002,
the court may by order direct that that entry shall be cancelled.
## Part IV — Variation of Leases
### Applications relating to flats
#### Application by party to lease for variation of lease
##### 35
- (1) Any party to a long lease of a flat may make an application to a leasehold valuation tribunal for an order varying the lease in such manner as is specified in the application.
- (2) The grounds on which any such application may be made are that the lease fails to make satisfactory provision with respect to one or more of the following matters, namely—
- (a) the repair or maintenance of—
- (i) the flat in question, or
- (ii) the building containing the flat, or
- (iii) any land or building which is let to the tenant under the lease or in respect of which rights are conferred on him under it;
- (b) the insurance of the building containing the flat or of any such land or building as is mentioned in paragraph (a)(iii);
- (c) the repair or maintenance of any installations (whether they are in the same building as the flat or not) which are reasonably necessary to ensure that occupiers of the flat enjoy a reasonable standard of accommodation;
- (d) the provision or maintenance of any services which are reasonably necessary to ensure that occupiers of the flat enjoy a reasonable standard of accommodation (whether they are services connected with any such installations or not, and whether they are services provided for the benefit of those occupiers or services provided for the benefit of the occupiers of a number of flats including that flat);
- (e) the recovery by one party to the lease from another party to it of expenditure incurred or to be incurred by him, or on his behalf, for the benefit of that other party or of a number of persons who include that other party;
- (f) the computation of a service charge payable under the lease.
- (g) such other matters as may be prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State.
- (3) For the purposes of subsection (2)(c) and (d) the factors for determining, in relation to the occupiers of a flat, what is a reasonable standard of accommodation may include—
- (a) factors relating to the safety and security of the flat and its occupiers and of any common parts of the building containing the flat; and
- (b) other factors relating to the condition of any such common parts.
- (3A) For the purposes of subsection (2)(e) the factors for determining, in relation to a service charge payable under a lease, whether the lease makes satisfactory provision include whether it makes provision for an amount to be payable (by way of interest or otherwise) in respect of a failure to pay the service charge by the due date.
- (4) For the purposes of subsection (2)(f) a lease fails to make satisfactory provision with respect to the computation of a service charge payable under it if—
- (a) it provides for any such charge to be a proportion of expenditure incurred, or to be incurred, by or on behalf of the landlord or a superior landlord; and
- (b) other tenants of the landlord are also liable under their leases to pay by way of service charges proportions of any such expenditure; and
- (c) the aggregate of the amounts that would, in any particular case, be payable by reference to the proportions referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) would either exceed or be less than the whole of any such expenditure.
- (5) Procedure regulations under Schedule 12 to the Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 shall make provision—
- (a) for requiring notice of any application under this Part to be served by the person making the application, and by any respondent to the application, on any person who the applicant, or (as the case may be) the respondent, knows or has reason to believe is likely to be affected by any variation specified in the application, and
- (b) for enabling persons served with any such notice to be joined as parties to the proceedings.
- (5) The Land Charges Act 1972 and the Land Registration Act 2002 shall apply in relation to an application for an acquisition order as they apply in relation to other pending land actions.
- (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
#### Conditions for making acquisition orders
##### 29
- (1) The court may, on an application for an acquisition order, make such an order in respect of any premises if—
- (a) the court is satisfied—
- (i) that those premises were, at the date of service on the landlord of the notice (if any) under section 27 and on the date when the application was made, premises to which this Part applies, and
- (ii) that they have not ceased to be such premises since the date when the application was made, and
- (b) either of the conditions specified in subsections (2) and (3) is fulfilled with respect to those premises, and
- (c) the court considers it appropriate to make the order in the circumstances of the case.
- (2) The first of the conditions referred to in subsection (1)(b) is that the court is satisfied—
- (a) that the landlord either is in breach of any obligation owed by him to the applicants under their leases and relating to the repair, maintenance, insurance or management of the premises in question, or any part of them, or (in the case of an obligation dependent on notice) would be in breach of any such obligation but for the fact that it has not been reasonably practicable for the tenant to give him the appropriate notice, and
- (b) that the circumstances by virtue of which he is (or would be) in breach of any such obligation are likely to continue, . . .
- (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- (2A) The reference in subsection (2) to the management of any premises includes a reference to the repair, maintenance, improvement or insurance of those premises.
- (3) The second of those conditions is that, both at the date when the application was made and throughout the period of two years immediately preceding that date, there was in force an appointment under Part II of a person to act as manager in relation to the premises in question which was made by reason of an act or omission on the part of the landlord.
- (4) An acquisition order may, if the court thinks fit—
- (a) include any yard, garden, outhouse or appurtenance belonging to, or usually enjoyed with, the premises specified in the application on which the order is made;
- (b) exclude any part of the premises so specified.
- (5) Where—
- (a) the premises in respect of which an application for an acquisition order is made consist of part only of more extensive premises in which the landlord has an interest, and
- (b) it appears to the court that the landlord’s interest in the latter premises is not reasonably capable of being severed, either in the manner contemplated by the application or in any manner authorised by virtue of subsection (4)(b),
then, notwithstanding that paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (1) apply, the court shall not make an acquisition order on the application.
- (6) In a case where an application for an acquisition order was preceded by the service of a notice under section 27, the court may, if it thinks fit, make such an order notwithstanding—
- (a) that any period specified in the notice in pursuance of subsection (2)(d) of that section was not a reasonable period, or
- (b) that the notice failed in any other respect to comply with any requirement contained in subsection (2) of that section or in any regulations applying to the notice under section 54(3).
- (7) Where any premises are premises to which this Part applies at the time when an application for an acquisition order is made in respect of them, then, for the purposes of this section and the following provisions of this Part, they shall not cease to be such premises by reason only that—
- (a) the interest of the landlord in them subsequently becomes held by an exempt landlord or a resident landlord, or
- (b) they subsequently become included within the functional land of any charity.
#### Content of acquisition orders
##### 30
- (1) Where an acquisition order is made by the court, the order shall (except in a case falling within section 33(1)) provide for the nominated person to be entitled to acquire the landlord’s interest in the premises specified in the order on such terms as may be determined—
- (a) by agreement between the landlord and the qualifying tenants in whose favour the order is made, or
- (b) in default of agreement, by a rent assessment committee under section 31.
- (2) An acquisition order may be granted subject to such conditions as the court thinks fit, and in particular its operation may be suspended on terms fixed by the court.
- (3) References in this Part, in relation to an acquisition order, to the nominated person are references to such person or persons as may be nominated for the purposes of this Part by the persons applying for the order.
- (4) Those persons must secure that the nominated person is joined as a party to the application, and no further nomination of a person for the purposes of this Part shall be made by them after the order is made (whether in addition to, or in substitution for, the existing nominated person) except with the approval of the court.
- (5) Where the landlord is, by virtue of any covenant, condition or other obligation, precluded from disposing of his interest in the premises in respect of which an acquisition order has been made unless the consent of some other person is obtained—
- (a) he shall use his best endeavours to secure that the consent of that person to that disposal is obtained and, if it appears to him that that person is obliged not to withhold his consent unreasonably but has nevertheless so withheld it, shall institute proceedings for a declaration to that effect; but
- (b) if—
- (i) the landlord has discharged any duty imposed on him by paragraph (a), and
- (ii) the consent of that person has been withheld, and
- (iii) no such declaration has been made,
the order shall cease to have effect.
- (6) The Land Charges Act 1972 and the Land Registration Act 2002 shall apply in relation to an acquisition order as they apply in relation to an order affecting land made by the court for the purpose of enforcing a judgment or recognisance.
#### Determination of terms by rent assessment committees
##### 31
- (1) A leasehold valuation tribunal shall have jurisdiction to determine the terms on which the landlord’s interest in the premises specified in an acquisition order may be acquired by the nominated person to the extent that those terms have not been determined by agreement between the landlord and either—
- (a) the qualifying tenants in whose favour the order was made, or
- (b) the nominated person;
and (subject to subsection (2)) the tribunal shall determine any such terms on the basis of what appears to them to be fair and reasonable.
- (2) Where an application is made under this section for the tribunal to determine the consideration payable for the acquisition of a landlord’s interest in any premises, the tribunal shall do so by determining an amount equal to the amount which, in their opinion, that interest might be expected to realise if sold on the open market by a willing seller on the appropriate terms and on the assumption that none of the tenants of the landlord of any premises comprised in those premises was buying or seeking to buy that interest.
- (3) In subsection (2) “*the appropriate terms*” means all of the terms to which the acquisition of the landlord’s interest in pursuance of the order is to be subject (whether determined by agreement as mentioned in subsection (1) or on an application under this section) apart from those relating to the consideration payable.
- (4) On any application under this section the interests of the qualifying tenants in whose favour the acquisition order was made shall be represented by the nominated person, and accordingly the parties to any such application shall not include those tenants.
- (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- (6) Nothing in this section shall be construed as authorising a leasehold valuation tribunal to determine any terms dealing with matters in relation to which provision is made by section 32 or 33.
#### Discharge of existing mortgages
##### 32
- (1) Where the landlord’s interest in any premises is acquired in pursuance of an acquisition order, the instrument by virtue of which it is so acquired shall (subject to subsection (2) and Part II of Schedule 1) operate to discharge the premises from any charge on that interest to secure the payment of money or the performance of any other obligation by the landlord or any other person.
- (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to any such charge if—
- (a) it has been agreed between the landlord and either—
- (i) the qualifying tenants in whose favour the order was made, or
- (ii) the nominated person,
that the landlord’s interest should be acquired subject to the charge, or
- (b) the court is satisfied, whether on the application for the order or on an application made by the person entitled to the benefit of the charge, that in the exceptional circumstances of the case it would be fair and reasonable that the landlord’s interest should be so acquired, and orders accordingly.
- (3) This section and Part II of Schedule 1 shall apply, with any necessary modifications, to mortgages and liens as they apply to charges; but nothing in those provisions shall apply to a rentcharge.
#### Acquisition order where landlord cannot be found
##### 33
- (1) Where an acquisition order is made by the court in a case where the landlord cannot be found, or his identity cannot be ascertained, the order shall provide for the landlord’s interest in the premises specified in the order to vest in the nominated person on the following terms, namely—
- (a) such terms as to payment as are specified in subsection (2), and
- (b) such other terms as the court thinks fit, being terms which, in the opinion of the court, correspond so far as possible to those on which the interest might be expected to be transferred if it were being transferred by the landlord.
- (2) The terms as to payment referred to in subsection (1)(a) are terms requiring the payment into court of—
- (a) such amount as a surveyor selected by the President of the Lands Tribunal may certify to be in his opinion the amount which the landlord’s interest might be expected to realise if sold as mentioned in section 31(2); and
- (b) any amounts or estimated amounts remaining due to the landlord from any tenants of his of any premises comprised in the premises in respect of which the order is made, being amounts or estimated amounts determined by the court as being due from those persons under the terms of their leases.
- (3) Where any amount or amounts required by virtue of subsection (2) to be paid into court are so paid, the landlord’s interest shall, by virtue of this section, vest in the nominated person in accordance with the order.
#### Discharge of acquisition order and withdrawal by tenants
##### 34
- (1) If, on an application by a landlord in respect of whose interest an acquisition order has been made, the court is satisfied—
- (a) that the nominated person has had a reasonable time within which to effect the acquisition of that interest in pursuance of the order but has not done so, or
- (b) that the number of qualifying tenants of flats contained in the premises in question who desire to proceed with the acquisition of the landlord’s interest is less than the requisite majority of qualifying tenants of the flats contained in those premises, or
- (c) that the premises in question have ceased to be premises to which this Part applies,
the court may discharge the order.
- (2) Where—
- (a) a notice is served on the landlord by the qualifying tenants by whom a notice has been served under section 27 or (as the case may be) by whom an application has been made for an acquisition order, or by the person nominated for the purposes of this Part by any such tenants, and
- (b) the notice indicates an intention no longer to proceed with the acquisition of the landlord’s interest in the premises in question,
the landlord may (except in a case where subsection (4) applies) recover under this subsection any costs reasonably incurred by him in connection with the disposal by him of that interest down to the time when the notice is served ; and, if the notice is served after the making of an acquisition order, that order shall cease to have effect.
- (3) If (whether before or after the making of an acquisition order) the nominated person becomes aware—
- (a) that the number of qualifying tenants of flats contained in the premises in question who desire to proceed with the acquisition of the landlord’s interest is less than the requisite majority of qualifying tenants of the flats contained in those premises, or
- (b) that those premises have ceased to be premises to which this Part applies,
he shall forthwith serve on the landlord a notice indicating an intention no longer to proceed with the acquisition of that interest, and subsection (2) shall apply accordingly.
- (4) If, at any time when any proceedings taken under or by virtue of this Part are pending before the court or the Lands Tribunal—
- (a) such a notice as is mentioned in subsection (2) or (3) is served on the landlord, or
- (b) the nominated person indicates that he is no longer willing to act in the matter and nobody is nominated for the purposes of this Part in his place, or
- (c) the number of qualifying tenants of flats contained in the premises in question who desire to proceed with the acquisition of the landlord’s interest falls below the requisite majority of qualifying tenants of the flats contained in those premises, or
- (d) those premises cease to be premises to which this Part applies,
or if the court discharges an acquisition order under subsection (1), the landlord may recover such costs incurred by him in connection with the disposal by him of his interest in those premises as the court or (as the case may be) the Tribunal may determine.
- (5) The costs that may be recovered by the landlord under subsection (2) or (4) include costs incurred by him in connection with any proceedings under this Part (other than proceedings before a rent assessment committee).
- (6) Any liability for costs arising under this section shall be the joint and several liability of the following persons, namely—
- (a) where the liability arises before the making of an application for an acquisition order, the tenants by whom a notice was served under section 27, or
- (b) where the liability arises after the making of such an application, the tenants by whom the application was made,
together with (in either case) any person nominated by those tenants for the purposes of this Part.
- (7) In relation to any time when a tenant falling within paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (6) has ceased to have vested in him the interest under his lease, that paragraph shall be construed as applying instead to the person who is for the time being the successor in title to that interest.
- (8) Nothing in this section shall be construed as authorising the court to discharge an acquisition order where the landlord’s interest has already been acquired in pursuance of the order.
- (9) If—
- (a) an acquisition order is discharged, or ceases to have effect, by virtue of any provision of this Part, and
- (b) the order has been protected by an entry registered under the Land Charges Act 1972 or the Land Registration Act 2002,
the court may by order direct that that entry shall be cancelled.
## Part IV — Variation of Leases
### Applications relating to flats
#### Application by party to lease for variation of lease
##### 35
- (1) Any party to a long lease of a flat may make an application to the court a leasehold valuation tribunal for an order varying the lease in such manner as is specified in the application.
- (2) The grounds on which any such application may be made are that the lease fails to make satisfactory provision with respect to one or more of the following matters, namely—
- (a) the repair or maintenance of—
- (i) the flat in question, or
- (ii) the building containing the flat, or
- (iii) any land or building which is let to the tenant under the lease or in respect of which rights are conferred on him under it;
- (b) the insurance of the building containing the flat or of any such land or building as is mentioned in paragraph (a)(iii);
- (c) the repair or maintenance of any installations (whether they are in the same building as the flat or not) which are reasonably necessary to ensure that occupiers of the flat enjoy a reasonable standard of accommodation;
- (d) the provision or maintenance of any services which are reasonably necessary to ensure that occupiers of the flat enjoy a reasonable standard of accommodation (whether they are services connected with any such installations or not, and whether they are services provided for the benefit of those occupiers or services provided for the benefit of the occupiers of a number of flats including that flat);
- (e) the recovery by one party to the lease from another party to it of expenditure incurred or to be incurred by him, or on his behalf, for the benefit of that other party or of a number of persons who include that other party;
- (f) the computation of a service charge payable under the lease.
- (g) such other matters as may be prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State.
- (3) For the purposes of subsection (2)(c) and (d) the factors for determining, in relation to the occupiers of a flat, what is a reasonable standard of accommodation may include—
- (a) factors relating to the safety and security of the flat and its occupiers and of any common parts of the building containing the flat; and
- (b) other factors relating to the condition of any such common parts.
- (3A) For the purposes of subsection (2)(e) the factors for determining, in relation to a service charge payable under a lease, whether the lease makes satisfactory provision include whether it makes provision for an amount to be payable (by way of interest or otherwise) in respect of a failure to pay the service charge by the due date.
- (4) For the purposes of subsection (2)(f) a lease fails to make satisfactory provision with respect to the computation of a service charge payable under it if—
- (a) it provides for any such charge to be a proportion of expenditure incurred, or to be incurred, by or on behalf of the landlord or a superior landlord; and
- (b) other tenants of the landlord are also liable under their leases to pay by way of service charges proportions of any such expenditure; and
- (c) the aggregate of the amounts that would, in any particular case, be payable by reference to the proportions referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) would either exceed or be less than the whole of any such expenditure.
- (5) Rules of court Procedure regulations under Schedule 12 to the Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 shall make provision—
- (a) for requiring notice of any application under this Part to be served by the person making the application, and by any respondent to the application, on any person who the applicant, or (as the case may be) the respondent, knows or has reason to believe is likely to be affected by any variation specified in the application, and
- (b) for enabling persons served with any such notice to be joined as parties to the proceedings.
- (6) For the purposes of this Part a long lease shall not be regarded as a long lease of a flat if—
- (a) the demised premises consist of or include three or more flats contained in the same building; or
@@ -1274,7 +1270,7 @@
##### 36
- (1) Where an application (“the original application”) is made under section 35 by any party to a lease, any other party to the lease may make an application to the court tribunal asking it, in the event of its deciding to make an order effecting any variation of the lease in pursuance of the original application, to make an order which effects a corresponding variation of each of such one or more other leases as are specified in the application.
- (1) Where an application (“the original application”) is made under section 35 by any party to a lease, any other party to the lease may make an application to the tribunal asking it, in the event of its deciding to make an order effecting any variation of the lease in pursuance of the original application, to make an order which effects a corresponding variation of each of such one or more other leases as are specified in the application.
- (2) Any lease so specified—
@@ -1292,7 +1288,7 @@
##### 37
- (1) Subject to the following provisions of this section, an application may be made to the court a leasehold valuation tribunal in respect of two or more leases for an order varying each of those leases in such manner as is specified in the application.
- (1) Subject to the following provisions of this section, an application may be made to a leasehold valuation tribunal in respect of two or more leases for an order varying each of those leases in such manner as is specified in the application.
- (2) Those leases must be long leases of flats under which the landlord is the same person, but they need not be leases of flats which are in the same building, nor leases which are drafted in identical terms.
@@ -1318,23 +1314,23 @@
##### 38
- (1) If, on an application under section 35, the grounds on which the application was made are established to the satisfaction of the court tribunal, the court tribunal may (subject to subsections (6) and (7)) make an order varying the lease specified in the application in such manner as is specified in the order.
- (1) If, on an application under section 35, the grounds on which the application was made are established to the satisfaction of the tribunal, the tribunal may (subject to subsections (6) and (7)) make an order varying the lease specified in the application in such manner as is specified in the order.
- (2) If—
- (a) an application under section 36 was made in connection with that application, and
- (b) the grounds set out in subsection (3) of that section are established to the satisfaction of the court tribunal with respect to the leases specified in the application under section 36,
the court tribunal may (subject to subsections (6) and (7)) also make an order varying each of those leases in such manner as is specified in the order.
- (3) If, on an application under section 37, the grounds set out in subsection (3) of that section are established to the satisfaction of the court tribunal with respect to the leases specified in the application, the court tribunal may (subject to subsections (6) and (7)) make an order varying each of those leases in such manner as is specified in the order.
- (4) The variation specified in an order under subsection (1) or (2) may be either the variation specified in the relevant application under section 35 or 36 or such other variation as the court tribunal thinks fit.
- (5) If the grounds referred to in subsection (2) or (3) (as the case may be) are established to the satisfaction of the court tribunal with respect to some but not all of the leases specified in the application, the power to make an order under that subsection shall extend to those leases only.
- (6) The court A tribunal shall not make an order under this section effecting any variation of a lease if it appears to the court the tribunal —
- (b) the grounds set out in subsection (3) of that section are established to the satisfaction of the tribunal with respect to the leases specified in the application under section 36,
the tribunal may (subject to subsections (6) and (7)) also make an order varying each of those leases in such manner as is specified in the order.
- (3) If, on an application under section 37, the grounds set out in subsection (3) of that section are established to the satisfaction of the tribunal with respect to the leases specified in the application, the tribunal may (subject to subsections (6) and (7)) make an order varying each of those leases in such manner as is specified in the order.
- (4) The variation specified in an order under subsection (1) or (2) may be either the variation specified in the relevant application under section 35 or 36 or such other variation as the tribunal thinks fit.
- (5) If the grounds referred to in subsection (2) or (3) (as the case may be) are established to the satisfaction of the tribunal with respect to some but not all of the leases specified in the application, the power to make an order under that subsection shall extend to those leases only.
- (6) A tribunal shall not make an order under this section effecting any variation of a lease if it appears to the tribunal —
- (a) that the variation would be likely substantially to prejudice—
@@ -1346,7 +1342,7 @@
- (b) that for any other reason it would not be reasonable in the circumstances for the variation to be effected.
- (7) The court A tribunal shall not, on an application relating to the provision to be made by a lease with respect to insurance, make an order under this section effecting any variation of the lease—
- (7) A tribunal shall not, on an application relating to the provision to be made by a lease with respect to insurance, make an order under this section effecting any variation of the lease—
- (a) which terminates any existing right of the landlord under its terms to nominate an insurer for insurance purposes; or
@@ -1354,11 +1350,11 @@
- (c) which, in a case where the lease requires the tenant to effect insurance with a specified insurer, requires the tenant to effect insurance otherwise than with another specified insurer.
- (8) The court A tribunal may, instead of making an order varying a lease in such manner as is specified in the order, make an order directing the parties to the lease to vary it in such manner as is so specified; and accordingly any reference in this Part (however expressed) to an order which effects any variation of a lease or to any variation effected by an order shall include a reference to an order which directs the parties to a lease to effect a variation of it or (as the case may be) a reference to any variation effected in pursuance of such an order.
- (9) The court A tribunal may by order direct that a memorandum of any variation of a lease effected by an order under this section shall be endorsed on such documents as are specified in the order.
- (10) Where the court a tribunal makes an order under this section varying a lease the court the tribunal may, if it thinks fit, make an order providing for any party to the lease to pay, to any other party to the lease or to any other person, compensation in respect of any loss or disadvantage that the court the tribunal considers he is likely to suffer as a result of the variation.
- (8) A tribunal may, instead of making an order varying a lease in such manner as is specified in the order, make an order directing the parties to the lease to vary it in such manner as is so specified; and accordingly any reference in this Part (however expressed) to an order which effects any variation of a lease or to any variation effected by an order shall include a reference to an order which directs the parties to a lease to effect a variation of it or (as the case may be) a reference to any variation effected in pursuance of such an order.
- (9) A tribunal may by order direct that a memorandum of any variation of a lease effected by an order under this section shall be endorsed on such documents as are specified in the order.
- (10) Where a tribunal makes an order under this section varying a lease the tribunal may, if it thinks fit, make an order providing for any party to the lease to pay, to any other party to the lease or to any other person, compensation in respect of any loss or disadvantage that the tribunal considers he is likely to suffer as a result of the variation.
#### Effect of orders varying leases: applications by third parties
@@ -1372,9 +1368,9 @@
- (a) bring an action for damages for breach of statutory duty against the person by whom any such notice was so required to be served in respect of that person’s failure to serve it;
- (b) apply to the court a leasehold valuation tribunal for the cancellation or modification of the variation in question.
- (4) The court A tribunal may, on an application under subsection (3)(b) with respect to any variation of a lease—
- (b) apply to a leasehold valuation tribunal for the cancellation or modification of the variation in question.
- (4) A tribunal may, on an application under subsection (3)(b) with respect to any variation of a lease—
- (a) by order cancel that variation or modify it in such manner as is specified in the order, or
@@ -1386,7 +1382,7 @@
- (a) the cancellation or modification shall take effect as from the date of the making of the order under that paragraph or as from such later date as may be specified in the order, and
- (b) the court tribunal may by order direct that a memorandum of the cancellation or modification shall be endorsed on such documents as are specified in the order;
- (b) the tribunal may by order direct that a memorandum of the cancellation or modification shall be endorsed on such documents as are specified in the order;
and, in a case where a variation is so modified, subsections (1) and (2) above shall, as from the date when the modification takes effect, apply to the variation as modified.
@@ -1396,7 +1392,7 @@
##### 40
- (1) Any party to a long lease of a dwelling may make an application to the court a leasehold valuation tribunal for an order varying the lease, in such manner as is specified in the application, on the grounds that the lease fails to make satisfactory provision with respect to any matter relating to the insurance of the dwelling, including the recovery of the costs of such insurance.
- (1) Any party to a long lease of a dwelling may make an application to a leasehold valuation tribunal for an order varying the lease, in such manner as is specified in the application, on the grounds that the lease fails to make satisfactory provision with respect to any matter relating to the insurance of the dwelling, including the recovery of the costs of such insurance.
- (2) Sections 36 and 38 shall apply to an application under subsection (1) subject to the modifications specified in subsection (3).
@@ -1578,9 +1574,9 @@
- (1) A landlord of premises to which this Part applies shall by notice furnish the tenant with an address in England and Wales at which notices (including notices in proceedings) may be served on him by the tenant.
- (2) Where a landlord of any such premises fails to comply with subsection (1), any rent or service charge , service charge or administration charge otherwise due from the tenant to the landlord shall (subject to subsection (3)) be treated for all purposes as not being due from the tenant to the landlord at any time before the landlord does comply with that subsection.
- (3) Any such rent or service charge , service charge or administration charge shall not be so treated in relation to any time when, by virtue of an order of any court or tribunal , there is in force an appointment of a receiver or manager whose functions include the receiving of rent or (as the case may be) service charges , service charges or (as the case may be) administration charges from the tenant.
- (2) Where a landlord of any such premises fails to comply with subsection (1), any rent , service charge or administration charge otherwise due from the tenant to the landlord shall (subject to subsection (3)) be treated for all purposes as not being due from the tenant to the landlord at any time before the landlord does comply with that subsection.
- (3) Any such rent , service charge or administration charge shall not be so treated in relation to any time when, by virtue of an order of any court or tribunal, there is in force an appointment of a receiver or manager whose functions include the receiving of rent , service charges or (as the case may be) administration charges from the tenant.
#### Extension of circumstances in which notices are sufficiently served
@@ -1618,7 +1614,7 @@
- (2) This section applies to—
- (a) any provision of Parts I, III and IV and 3 ;
- (a) any provision of Parts I and 3;
- (b) any provision of section 42; and
@@ -1638,9 +1634,9 @@
- (2) A statutory instrument containing—
- (a) an order made under section 1(5), 25(6), 42(5) or 55, or
- (b) any regulations made under section 52A(3) or under section 20(4) or 35(2)(g)or 42A,
- (a) an order made under section 1(5), 25(6)... or 55, or
- (b) any regulations made ... under section 20(4) or 35(2)(g)or 42A,
shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
@@ -1674,11 +1670,11 @@
##### 56
- (1) This Act Parts 1 and 3 and sections 42 to 42B (and so much of this Part as relates to those provisions) shall apply to a tenancy from the Crown if there has ceased to be a Crown interest in the land subject to it.
- (2) A variation of any such tenancy effected by or in pursuance of an order under section 38 shall not, however, be treated as binding on the Crown, as a predecessor in title under the tenancy, by virtue of section 39(1).
- (3) Where there exists a Crown interest in any land subject to a tenancy from the Crown and the person holding that tenancy is himself the landlord under any other tenancy whose subject-matter comprises the whole or part of that land, this Act the provisions mentioned in subsection (1) shall apply to that other tenancy, and to any derivative sub-tenancy, notwithstanding the existence of that interest.
- (1) Parts 1 and 3 and sections 42 to 42B (and so much of this Part as relates to those provisions) shall apply to a tenancy from the Crown if there has ceased to be a Crown interest in the land subject to it.
- (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- (3) Where there exists a Crown interest in any land subject to a tenancy from the Crown and the person holding that tenancy is himself the landlord under any other tenancy whose subject-matter comprises the whole or part of that land, the provisions mentioned in subsection (1) shall apply to that other tenancy, and to any derivative sub-tenancy, notwithstanding the existence of that interest.
- (4) For the purposes of this section “*tenancy from the Crown*” means a tenancy of land in which there is, or has during the subsistence of the tenancy been, a Crown interest superior to the tenancy, and “*Crown interest*” means—
@@ -1992,43 +1988,7 @@
##### 3
The following section shall be substituted for section 20 of the 1985 Act—
> (20)
> (1) Where relevant costs incurred on the carrying out of any qualifying works exceed the limit specified in subsection (3), the excess shall not be taken into account in determining the amount of a service charge unless the relevant requirements have been either—
> (a) complied with, or
> (b) dispensed with by the court in accordance with subsection (9);
> and the amount payable shall be limited accordingly.
> (2) In subsection (1) “*qualifying works*”, in relation to a service charge, means works (whether on a building or on any other premises) to the costs of which the tenant by whom the service charge is payable may be required under the terms of his lease to contribute by the payment of such a charge.
> (3) The limit is whichever is the greater of—
> (a) £25, or such other amount as may be prescribed by order of the Secretary of State, multiplied by the number of dwellings let to the tenants concerned; or
> (b) £500, or such other amount as may be so prescribed.
> (4) The relevant requirements in relation to such of the tenants concerned as are not represented by a recognised tenants’ association are—
> (a) At least two estimates for the works shall be obtained, one of them from a person wholly unconnected with the landlord.
> (b) A notice accompanied by a copy of the estimates shall be given to each of those tenants or shall be displayed in one or more places where it is likely to come to the notice of all those tenants.
> (c) The notice shall describe the works to be carried out and invite observations on them and on the estimates and shall state the name and the address in the United Kingdom of the person to whom the observations may be sent and the date by which they are to be received.
> (d) The date stated in the notice shall not be earlier than one month after the date on which the notice is given or displayed as required by paragraph (b).
> (e) The landlord shall have regard to any observations received in pursuance of the notice; and unless the works are urgently required they shall not be begun earlier than the date specified in the notice.
> (5) The relevant requirements in relation to such of the tenants concerned as are represented by a recognised tenants’ association are—
> (a) The landlord shall give to the secretary of the association a notice containing a detailed specification of the works in question and specifying a reasonable period within which the association may propose to the landlord the names of one or more persons from whom estimates for the works should in its view be obtained by the landlord.
> (b) At least two estimates for the works shall be obtained, one of them from a person wholly unconnected with the landlord.
> (c) A copy of each of the estimates shall be given to the secretary of the association.
> (d) A notice shall be given to each of the tenants concerned represented by the association, which shall—
> (i) describe briefly the works to be carried out,
> (ii) summarise the estimates,
> (iii) inform the tenant that he has a right to inspect and take copies of a detailed specification of the works to be carried out and of the estimates,
> (iv) invite observations on those works and on the estimates, and
> (v) specify the name and the address in the United Kingdom of the person to whom the observations may be sent and the date by which they are to be received.
> (e) The date stated in the notice shall not be earlier than one month after the date on which the notice is given as required by paragraph (d).
> (f) If any tenant to whom the notice is given so requests, the landlord shall afford him reasonable facilities for inspecting a detailed specification of the works to be carried out and the estimates, free of charge, and for taking copies of them on payment of such reasonable charge as the landlord may determine.
> (g) The landlord shall have regard to any observations received in pursuance of the notice and, unless the works are urgently required, they shall not be begun earlier than the date specified in the notice.
> (6) Paragraphs (d)(ii) and (iii) and (f) of subsection (5) shall not apply to any estimate of which a copy is enclosed with the notice given in pursuance of paragraph (d).
> (7) The requirement imposed on the landlord by subsection (5)(f) to make any facilities available to a person free of charge shall not be construed as precluding the landlord from treating as part of his costs of management any costs incurred by him in connection with making those facilities so available.
> (8) In this section “*the tenants concerned*” means all the landlord’s tenants who may be required under the terms of their leases to contribute to the costs of the works in question by the payment of service charges.
> (9) In proceedings relating to a service charge the court may, if satisfied that the landlord acted reasonably, dispense with all or any of the relevant requirements.
> (10) An order under this section—
> (a) may make different provision with respect to different cases or descriptions of case, including different provision for different areas, and
> (b) shall be made by statutory instrument which shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
### Additional limitations on service charges
@@ -2089,7 +2049,7 @@
##### 7
In section 24 of the 1985 Act, for “flat” substitute “ dwelling ”.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
### Exception where rent is registered and not entered as variable
@@ -2383,7 +2343,7 @@
## SCHEDULE 5
#### Landlords for the purposes of Part I.
#### Qualifying tenants to have rights of first refusal on disposals by landlord.
##### 4A
@@ -2849,63 +2809,19 @@
- (4) The persons constituting the requisite majority of qualifying tenants for one purpose may be different from the persons constituting such a majority for another purpose.
#### Preliminary notice by tenant.
#### Leasehold valuation tribunal: applications and fees.
#### Tenant’s right to apply to court for appointment of manager.
#### Jurisdiction of leasehold valuation tribunal.
##### 24A
- (1) The jurisdiction conferred by this Part on a leasehold valuation tribunal is exercisable by a rent assessment committee constituted in accordance with Schedule 10 to the Rent Act 1977 which when so constituted for the purposes of exercising any such jurisdiction shall be known as a leasehold valuation tribunal.
- (2) The power to make regulations under section 74(1)(b) of the Rent Act 1977 (procedure of rent assessment committees) extends to prescribing the procedure to be followed in connection with any proceedings before a leasehold valuation tribunal under this Part.
Such regulations are referred to in this Part as “procedure regulations”.
- (3) Procedure regulations may, in particular, make provision—
- (a) for securing consistency where numerous applications under this Part are or may be brought in respect of the same or substantially the same matters; and
- (b) empowering a leasehold valuation tribunal to dismiss an application, in whole or in part, on the ground that it is frivolous or vexatious or otherwise an abuse of the process of the tribunal.
- (4) Any order made by a leasehold valuation tribunal under this Part may, with the leave of the court, be enforced in the same way as an order of the county court.
- (5) No costs incurred by a party in connection with proceedings under this Part before a leasehold valuation tribunal shall be recoverable by order of any court.
- (6) Paragraphs 2, 3 and 7 of Schedule 22 to the Housing Act 1980 (supplementary provisions relating to leasehold valuation tribunals: appeals and provision of information) apply to a leasehold valuation tribunal constituted for the purposes of this section.
- (7) No appeal shall lie to the Lands Tribunal from a decision of a leasehold valuation tribunal under this Part without the leave of the leasehold valuation tribunal concerned or the Lands Tribunal.
- (8) On an appeal to the Lands Tribunal from a decision of a leasehold valuation tribunal under this Part—
- (a) the Lands Tribunal may exercise any power available to the leasehold valuation tribunal in relation to the original matter, and
- (b) an order of the Lands Tribunal may be enforced in the same way as an order of the leasehold valuation tribunal.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
##### 24B
- (1) The Secretary of State may make provision by order as to the form of, or the particulars to be contained in, an application made to a leasehold valuation tribunal under this Part.
- (2) The Secretary of State may make provision by order—
- (a) requiring the payment of fees in respect of any such application, or in respect of any proceedings before, a leasehold valuation tribunal under this Part; and
- (b) empowering a leasehold valuation tribunal to require a party to proceedings before it to reimburse any other party the whole or part of any fees paid by him.
- (3) The fees payable shall be such as may be specified in or determined in accordance with the order subject to this limit, that the fees payable in respect of any one application or reference by the court together with any proceedings before the tribunal arising out of that application or reference shall not exceed £500 or such other amount as may be specified by order of the Secretary of State.
- (4) An order under this section may make different provision for different cases or classes of case or for different areas.
- (5) An order may, in particular, provide for the reduction or waiver of fees by reference to the financial resources of the party by whom they are to be paid or met.
Any such order may apply, subject to such modifications as may be specified in the order, any other statutory means-testing regime as it has effect from time to time.
- (6) An order under this section shall be made by statutory instrument.
- (7) No order altering the limit under subsection (3) shall be made unless a draft of the order has been laid before and approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.
- (8) Any other order under this section, unless it contains only such provision as is mentioned in subsection (1), shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
#### Application for variation of insurance provisions of lease of dwelling other than a flat.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
#### Effect of orders varying leases: applications by third parties.
##### 42A
@@ -2977,15 +2893,7 @@
##### 52A
- (1) Any jurisdiction conferred by Part I or III of this Act on a leasehold valuation tribunal is exercisable by a rent assessment committee constituted in accordance with Schedule 10 to the Rent Act 1977 which when so constituted for the purposes of exercising any such jurisdiction shall be known as a leasehold valuation tribunal.
- (2) The power to make regulations under section 74(1)(b) of the Rent Act 1977 (procedure of rent assessment committees) extends to prescribing the procedure to be followed in connection with any proceedings before a leasehold valuation tribunal under this Act.
- (3) Any application under this Act to a leasehold valuation tribunal must be in such form, and contain such particulars, as the Secretary of State may by regulations prescribe.
- (4) Any costs incurred by a party to any such application in connection with the application shall be borne by that party.
- (5) Paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 7 of Schedule 22 to the Housing Act 1980 (supplementary provisions relating to leasehold valuation tribunals: constitution, appeals and provision of information) apply to a leasehold valuation tribunal constituted for the purposes of this section.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Land Registration Act 1925 (c.21)
@@ -3153,10 +3061,6 @@
[^c16940872]: Words in s. 23(1) substituted (26.7.2002 for E. and 1.1.2003 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 160(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/160/3); [S.I. 2002/1912](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1912), [art. 2(b)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1912/article/2/b/i) (subject to [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1912/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2002/3012](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3012), [art. 2(b)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3012/article/2/b/i) (subject to [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3012/schedule/2))
[^c10161841]: Words in s. 23(2) substituted (23.8.1996 for specified purposes and otherwise 1.9.1996) by [1996 c. 52](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52), [s. 86(4)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52/section/86/4/a); [S.I. 1996/2212](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212/article/2/1) (with [Sch.](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212/schedule)); [S.I. 1997/1851](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851), [art. 2(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851/article/2/b) (subject to [Sch. para. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851/schedule/paragraph/2))
[^c10161851]: Word in s. 23(2)(a) substituted (23.8.1996 for specified purposes and otherwise 1.9.1996) by [1996 c. 52](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52), [s. 86(4)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52/section/86/4/b); [S.I. 1996/2212](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212/article/2/1) (with [Sch.](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212/schedule)); [S.I. 1997/1851](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851), [art. 2(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851/article/2/b) (subject to [Sch. para. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851/schedule/paragraph/2))
[^c10162011]: Words in s. 24 substituted (1.9.1997) by [1996 c. 52](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52), [s. 86(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52/section/86/2); [S.I. 1997/1851](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851), [art. 2(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851/article/2/b) (subject to [Sch. para. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851/schedule/paragraph/2))
[^c16942382]: Words in s. 24(2) substituted (26.7.2002 for E. and 1.1.2003 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 160(4)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/160/4/a); [S.I. 2002/1912](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1912), [art. 2(b)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1912/article/2/b/i) (subject to [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1912/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2002/3012](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3012), [art. 2(b)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3012/article/2/b/i) (subject to [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3012/schedule/2))
@@ -3185,14 +3089,6 @@
[^c16942732]: Word in s. 24(11) substituted (26.7.2002 for E. and 1.1.2003 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 160(4)(e)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/160/4/e); [S.I. 2002/1912](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1912), [art. 2(b)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1912/article/2/b/i) (subject to [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1912/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2002/3012](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3012), [art. 2(b)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3012/article/2/b/i) (subject to [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3012/schedule/2))
[^c10162281]: S. 24A inserted (23.8.1996 for specified purposes and otherwise 1.9.1997) by [1996 c. 52](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52), [s. 86(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52/section/86/5); [S.I. 1996/2212](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212/article/2/1) (with [Sch.](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212/schedule)); [S.I. 1997/1851](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851), [art. 2(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851/article/2/b) (subject to [Sch. para. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851/schedule/paragraph/2))
[^c10162291]: [1977 c. 42](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1977/42).
[^c10162301]: [1980 c. 51](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1980/51).
[^c10162311]: S. 24B inserted (23.8.1996 for specified purposes and otherwise 1.9.1997) by [1996 c. 52](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52), [s. 86(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52/section/86/5); [S.I. 1996/2212](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212/article/2/1) (with [Sch.](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212/schedule)); [S.I. 1997/1851](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851), [art. 2(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851/article/2/b) (subject to [Sch. para. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851/schedule/paragraph/2))
[^c10161711]: Words in Part II heading substituted (1.9.1997) by virtue of [1996 c. 52](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52), [ss. 86(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52/section/86/2)
[^c10162321]: S. 25(2)(c) substituted (1.11.1993) by [1993 c. 28](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1993/28), [s. 85(2)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1993/28/section/85/2/a); [S.I. 1993/2134](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1993/2134), [arts. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1993/2134/article/2),5(subject to savings in Sch. 1 para. 2)
@@ -3257,14 +3153,6 @@
[^c10162691]: Words in s. 52(2)(a) substituted (1.9.1997) by [1996 c. 52](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52), [s. 86(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52/section/86/6); [S.I. 1997/1851](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851), [art. 2(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851/article/2/b) (subject to [Sch. para. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1851/schedule/paragraph/2))
[^c10162731]: S. 52A inserted (23.8.1996) by [1996 c. 52](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52), [s. 92(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52/section/92/1), [Sch. 6 Pt. IV para. 7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52/schedule/6/part/IV/paragraph/7); [S.I. 1996/2212](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212/article/2/1) (with [Sch.](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212/schedule))
[^c10162741]: [1977 c. 42](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1977/42).
[^c10162751]: [1980 c. 51](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1980/51).
[^c10162761]: Words in s. 53(2)(b) substituted (1.10.1996) by [1996 c. 52](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52), [s. 92(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52/section/92/1), [Sch. 6 Pt. IV para. 8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/52/schedule/6/part/IV/paragraph/8); [S.I. 1996/2212](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212), [art. 2(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212/article/2/2) (with [Sch.](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2212/schedule))
[^c16974572]: Words in s. 53(2)(b) inserted (26.7.2002 for E. and 1.1.2003 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 162(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/162/5); [S.I. 2002/1912](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1912), [art. 2(b)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1912/article/2/b/i) (subject to [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1912/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2002/3012](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3012), [art. 2(b)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3012/article/2/b/i)
[^c16974552]: Words in s. 53(2)(b) inserted (26.7.2002 for E. for specified purposes, 1.1.2003 for W. for specified purposes and otherwise prosp.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 156(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/156/2); [S.I. 2002/1912](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1912), [art. 2(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1912/article/2/c) (subject to [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1912/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2002/3012](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3012), [art. 2(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3012/article/2/c) (subject to [Sch.2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3012/schedule/2))
@@ -3347,120 +3235,122 @@
[^c10164801]: [Sch. 4 para. 7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/schedule/4/paragraph/7) repealed by [Housing Act 1988 (c. 50, SIF 61, 75:1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/50), [s. 140(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/50/section/140/2), [Sch. 18](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/50/schedule/18)
[^key-220132d2d7cc1f814e59526c9efe0089]: Ss. 46-49 extended to Crown Land (30.9.2003 for E. for specified purposes) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 172](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/172), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(ii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/ii) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-1ee5bf9c16c7d9cd4066b930c65a6567]: [Pt. II](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/part/II) extended to Crown Land (30.9.2003 for E. for specified purposes) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 172](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/172), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(ii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/ii) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-7f527f08ee5be543769bc8339afda156]: Pt. IV extended to Crown Land (30.9.2003 for E. for specified purposes) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 172](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/172), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(ii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/ii) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-53c4fa8565dca783b6895326863ae77e]: [S. 5](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/5) modified (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 7 para. 7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/7/paragraph/7); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a)
[^key-6be6f715bd49654e5a568b4774267faf]: [Pt. II](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/part/II) modified (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 7 para. 8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/7/paragraph/8); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a)
[^key-e9cb8b3abae062948aee6d466b93a803]: Words in s. 24(8)(9) substituted (13.10.2003) by [Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9), [s. 136(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/136/2), [Sch. 11 para. 20](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/11/paragraph/20) (with [s. 129](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/129)); [S.I. 2003/1725](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725/article/2/1)
[^key-32bc3fab4ac8de28660b5398654050da]: Words in [s. 28(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/28/5) substituted (13.10.2003) by [Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9), [s. 136(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/136/2), [Sch. 11 para. 20](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/11/paragraph/20) (with [s. 129](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/129)); [S.I. 2003/1725](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725/article/2/1)
[^key-74b9603eebdd9b1017e6e84767bff041]: [S. 28(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/28/6) repealed (13.10.2003) by [Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9), [s. 136(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/136/2), [Sch. 13](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/13) (with [s. 129](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/129), [Sch. 12 para. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/12/paragraph/1)); [S.I. 2003/1725](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725/article/2/1)
[^key-65a3dfbb21c158ec4cd380d0e7dd207e]: Words in [s. 30(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/30/6) substituted (13.10.2003) by [Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9), [s. 136(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/136/2), [Sch. 11 para. 20](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/11/paragraph/20) (with [s. 129](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/129)); [S.I. 2003/1725](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725/article/2/1)
[^key-bbe84a165467de4b4bdc0dcf3cbe9626]: Words in s. 34(9) substituted (13.10.2003) by [Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9), [s. 136(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/136/2), [Sch. 11 para. 20](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/11/paragraph/20) (with [s. 129](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/129)); [S.I. 2003/1725](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725/article/2/1)
[^key-0a9b491335ef52c88c40a0c446cc0b8a]: [Sch. 4 para. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/schedule/4/paragraph/1) repealed (13.10.2003) by [Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9), [s. 136(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/136/2), [Sch. 13](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/13) (with [s. 129](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/129), [Sch. 12 para. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/12/paragraph/1)); [S.I. 2003/1725](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725/article/2/1)
[^key-243d9f7a39af51c95cbb2c2d59cf97ed]: [Sch. 4 para. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/schedule/4/paragraph/2) repealed (13.10.2003) by [Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9), [s. 136(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/136/2), [Sch. 13](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/13) (with [s. 129](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/129), [Sch. 12 para. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/12/paragraph/1)); [S.I. 2003/1725](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725/article/2/1)
[^key-cc7d7ae9b60a0c36c369f6ae3adc8e43]: Words in s. 35(1) substituted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(2)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/2/a), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-62c01e76a8d333659c8a0690cfa09de1]: Words in s. 35(5) substituted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(2)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/2/b), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-f84eb092a51151e8c4e80107b22bc773]: Word in s. 36(1) substituted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/3), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-2ab687cf1c095ca04157023c16f07351]: Words in s. 37(1) substituted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/4), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-38dcc15f37a6b1112ff64e85cc6930a7]: Word in s. 38(1)-(5) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(5)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/5/a), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-0a1ec2b060df31af898d8ed3c205d325]: Words in s. 38(6) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(5)(b)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/5/b/i), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-455fa67241974ec9c6bd05a49e4ade1f]: Words in s. 38(6) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(5)(b)(ii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/5/b/ii), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-9eb937c1e71b936cb6c4628c31abf307]: Words in s. 38(7)-(9) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(5)(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/5/c), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-fc7280f594460691ffb55dec7cd5aa83]: Words in s. 38(10) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(5)(d)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/5/d/i), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-2740052fdc98aee36d4683c6d552d496]: Words in s. 38(10) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(5)(d)(ii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/5/d/ii), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-bcf481f14a4bb6a2b64d1249f11fb1d2]: Words in s. 39(3)(b) substituted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(6)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/6/a), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-fd852f53661287cec02d38351120622b]: Words in s. 39(4) substituted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(6)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/6/b), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-b89c065c1a07a0f9bfaed0f500a4a3b9]: Word in s. 39(5)(b) substituted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(6)(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/6/c), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-9d2849203024d4ac5a6562adf7155f38]: Words in s. 40(1) substituted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(7)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/7), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-fce42201daa9e4bc743382292e59ea6c]: Words in s. 52(2)(a) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/8), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-fdee82ad837735ac10753a147ada005f]: Words in s. 56(1) substituted (30.9.2003 for E. for specified purposes, 30.3.2004 for W. for specified purposes) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 172(6)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/172/6/a), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iii) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(iii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/iii) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-9e448a376cccd68f99baf62994a3c1ad]: Words in s. 56(3) substituted (30.9.2003 for E. for specified purposes, 30.3.2004 for W. for specified purposes) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 172(6)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/172/6/b), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iii) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(iii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/iii) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-01c732b7c4165b3099d837d02861efe3]: Word in s. 24(11) inserted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 9 para. 8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/9/paragraph/8); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-4d97ec6b1e745a71e08b2e322f086041]: Words in s. 29(2)(a) repealed (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 9 para. 9(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/9/paragraph/9/2), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/2) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(i)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/i/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/1/part/2) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-06283cceea164b2c9ef4159c7bff648c]: S. 29(2A) inserted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 9 para. 9(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/9/paragraph/9/3); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-8c63b5e61cde86bc2a93e0bd6a25c64d]: S. 24(2)(aba) inserted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 11 para. 8(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/11/paragraph/8/2); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-b79e4e7f8637f8eb31ef0d59ab24abe4]: S. 24(2B) inserted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 11 para. 8(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/11/paragraph/8/3); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-84b747bfb20983e62dc87fb363007f10]: S. 46(3) inserted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 11 para. 9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/11/paragraph/9); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-cf77ce0f360deb0ab80b5721243e40b1]: Words in s. 47(2) inserted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 11 para. 10(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/11/paragraph/10/2); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-359b017a81800a9b1c7a93593e012cf4]: Words in s. 47(3) inserted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 11 para. 10(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/11/paragraph/10/3); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-cc96979312e2d07af1cda438b97b4782]: Words in s. 48(2) substituted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 11 para. 11(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/11/paragraph/11/2); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-9e319f102d4bc448f3b7693e8872a59c]: Words in s. 48(3) substituted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 11 para. 11(3)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/11/paragraph/11/3/a); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-db27eff00c6c32e9e57e42ddd6f149f4]: Words in s. 48(3) substituted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 11 para. 11(3)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/11/paragraph/11/3/b); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-5d927af8c700c745cc3cac69ccdac975]: Word in s. 24(9A) substituted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 13 para. 9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/13/paragraph/9); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-cb1d7f1eaed13d2d3c5c2767478284b8]: Words in s. 47(3) inserted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 13 para. 10](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/13/paragraph/10); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-1da87a4461a68066d45f866ab6116683]: Words in s. 48(3) inserted (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 13 para. 11](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/13/paragraph/11); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-4dfc4c5b909acc0a53649d628accf9b0]: S. 23(2) repealed (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-ca31b053d8739f5b3c1a7177167763dc]: Words in s. 38 sidenote repealed (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-f52d3795c26daf34d6335111c5714146]: S. 52A repealed (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-382d700ebd8b56665e12e9a2634a1bb6]: Words in s. 53(2) repealed (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-ef92948cefe3b41bb3153b519d837e9b]: S. 56(2) repealed (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/2) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/1/part/2) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-2adfd1f195480ff2f86b18c69e409554]: Sch. 2 para. 3 repealed (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/2) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/1/part/2) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-1689c95cb1b86a8391d3c3a549b232bb]: Sch. 2 para. 7 repealed (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/2) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/1/part/2) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-220132d2d7cc1f814e59526c9efe0089]: Ss. 46-49 extended to Crown Land (30.9.2003 for E. for specified purposes, 30.3.2004 for W. for specified purposes) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 172](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/172), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(ii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/ii) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(ii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/ii) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-1ee5bf9c16c7d9cd4066b930c65a6567]: Pt. II extended to Crown Land (30.9.2003 for E. for specified purposes, 30.3.2004 for W. for specified purposes) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 172](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/172), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(ii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/ii) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(ii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/ii) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-7f527f08ee5be543769bc8339afda156]: Pt. IV extended to Crown Land (30.9.2003 for E. for specified purposes, 30.3.2004 for W. for specified purposes) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 172](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/172), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(ii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/ii) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(ii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/ii) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-53c4fa8565dca783b6895326863ae77e]: [S. 5](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/5) modified (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 7 para. 7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/7/paragraph/7); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/wsi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/wsi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-6be6f715bd49654e5a568b4774267faf]: Pt. II modified (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 7 para. 8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/7/paragraph/8); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-73c2ae5828e163d950b6313fcc618d7c]: Pt. III excluded (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 7 para. 9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/7/paragraph/9); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-89ef0ed66530b15573d45346020cb10a]: Ss. 35, 36 modified (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 7 para. 10](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/7/paragraph/10); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a)
[^key-89ef0ed66530b15573d45346020cb10a]: Ss. 35, 36 modified (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 7 para. 10](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/7/paragraph/10); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-0f3962d69c1e2bcad60abcc38157021a]: Ss. 38, 39 modified (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 7 para. 10](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/7/paragraph/10); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-ec0c1215e7080eb516091c43a7acb921]: [Ss. 42-42B](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/42) modified (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 7 para. 11](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/7/paragraph/11); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a)
[^key-a8d90c5e1850bd122993635886f8d2a5]: Ss. 46-48 modified (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 7 para. 12](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/7/paragraph/12); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a)
[^key-4dfc4c5b909acc0a53649d628accf9b0]: S. 23(2) repealed (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-8c63b5e61cde86bc2a93e0bd6a25c64d]: S. 24(2)(aba) inserted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 11 para. 8(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/11/paragraph/8/2); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-b79e4e7f8637f8eb31ef0d59ab24abe4]: S. 24(2B) inserted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 11 para. 8(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/11/paragraph/8/3); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-5d927af8c700c745cc3cac69ccdac975]: Word in s. 24(9A) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 13 para. 9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/13/paragraph/9); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-01c732b7c4165b3099d837d02861efe3]: Word in s. 24(11) inserted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 9 para. 8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/9/paragraph/8); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-4e62e77302645a64a0182310ef24463f]: [S. 24A](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/24A) repealed (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-3db6b137048d260bb6c4f57c6f4d6186]: [S. 24B](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/24B) repealed (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-06283cceea164b2c9ef4159c7bff648c]: S. 29(2A) inserted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 9 para. 9(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/9/paragraph/9/3); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-4d97ec6b1e745a71e08b2e322f086041]: Words in s. 29(2)(a) repealed (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 9 para. 9(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/9/paragraph/9/2), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/2) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(i)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/i/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/1/part/2) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-cc7d7ae9b60a0c36c369f6ae3adc8e43]: Words in [s. 35(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/35/1) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(2)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/2/a), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a)
[^key-62c01e76a8d333659c8a0690cfa09de1]: Words in [s. 35(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/35/5) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(2)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/2/b), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a)
[^key-f84eb092a51151e8c4e80107b22bc773]: Word in [s. 36(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/36/1) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/3), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a)
[^key-2ab687cf1c095ca04157023c16f07351]: Words in [s. 37(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/37/1) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/4), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a)
[^key-ca31b053d8739f5b3c1a7177167763dc]: Words in s. 38 sidenote repealed (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-0a1ec2b060df31af898d8ed3c205d325]: Words in s. 38(6) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(5)(b)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/5/b/i), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-455fa67241974ec9c6bd05a49e4ade1f]: Words in s. 38(6) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(5)(b)(ii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/5/b/ii), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-fc7280f594460691ffb55dec7cd5aa83]: Words in s. 38(10) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(5)(d)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/5/d/i), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-2740052fdc98aee36d4683c6d552d496]: Words in s. 38(10) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(5)(d)(ii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/5/d/ii), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-38dcc15f37a6b1112ff64e85cc6930a7]: Word in s. 38(1)-(5) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(5)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/5/a), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-9eb937c1e71b936cb6c4628c31abf307]: Words in s. 38(7)-(9) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(5)(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/5/c), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-bcf481f14a4bb6a2b64d1249f11fb1d2]: Words in [s. 39(3)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/39/3/b) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(6)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/6/a), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a)
[^key-fd852f53661287cec02d38351120622b]: Words in [s. 39(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/39/4) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(6)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/6/b), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a)
[^key-b89c065c1a07a0f9bfaed0f500a4a3b9]: Word in [s. 39(5)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/39/5/b) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(6)(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/6/c), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a)
[^key-9d2849203024d4ac5a6562adf7155f38]: Words in [s. 40(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/40/1) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(7)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/7), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a)
[^key-84b747bfb20983e62dc87fb363007f10]: [S. 46(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/46/3) inserted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 11 para. 9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/11/paragraph/9); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-cf77ce0f360deb0ab80b5721243e40b1]: Words in [s. 47(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/47/2) inserted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 11 para. 10(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/11/paragraph/10/2); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-359b017a81800a9b1c7a93593e012cf4]: Words in [s. 47(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/47/3) inserted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 11 para. 10(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/11/paragraph/10/3); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-cb1d7f1eaed13d2d3c5c2767478284b8]: Words in [s. 47(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/47/3) inserted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 13 para. 10](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/13/paragraph/10); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-cc96979312e2d07af1cda438b97b4782]: Words in [s. 48(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/48/2) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 11 para. 11(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/11/paragraph/11/2); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-9e319f102d4bc448f3b7693e8872a59c]: Words in [s. 48(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/48/3) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 11 para. 11(3)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/11/paragraph/11/3/a); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-db27eff00c6c32e9e57e42ddd6f149f4]: Words in [s. 48(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/48/3) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 11 para. 11(3)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/11/paragraph/11/3/b); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-1da87a4461a68066d45f866ab6116683]: Words in [s. 48(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/48/3) inserted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 13 para. 11](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/13/paragraph/11); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/i) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-fce42201daa9e4bc743382292e59ea6c]: Words in s. 52(2)(a) substituted (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 163(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/163/8), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-f52d3795c26daf34d6335111c5714146]: S. 52A repealed (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-fdee82ad837735ac10753a147ada005f]: Words in [s. 56(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/56/1) substituted (30.9.2003 for E. for specified purposes) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 172(6)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/172/6/a), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iii) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-9e448a376cccd68f99baf62994a3c1ad]: Words in [s. 56(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/56/3) substituted (30.9.2003 for E. for specified purposes) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [ss. 172(6)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/172/6/b), [181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iii) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-ef92948cefe3b41bb3153b519d837e9b]: [S. 56(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/56/2) repealed (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/2) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-1689c95cb1b86a8391d3c3a549b232bb]: [Sch. 2 para. 7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/schedule/2/paragraph/7) repealed (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/2) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-382d700ebd8b56665e12e9a2634a1bb6]: Words in [s. 53(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/53/2) repealed (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-2adfd1f195480ff2f86b18c69e409554]: [Sch. 2 para. 3](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/schedule/2/paragraph/3) repealed (30.9.2003 for E.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/2) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2))
[^key-e9cb8b3abae062948aee6d466b93a803]: Words in [s. 24(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/24/8)[(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/24/9) substituted (13.10.2003) by [Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9), [s. 136(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/136/2), [Sch. 11 para. 20](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/11/paragraph/20) (with [s. 129](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/129)); [S.I. 2003/1725](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725/article/2/1)
[^key-32bc3fab4ac8de28660b5398654050da]: Words in [s. 28(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/28/5) substituted (13.10.2003) by [Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9), [s. 136(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/136/2), [Sch. 11 para. 20](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/11/paragraph/20) (with [s. 129](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/129)); [S.I. 2003/1725](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725/article/2/1)
[^key-74b9603eebdd9b1017e6e84767bff041]: [S. 28(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/28/6) repealed (13.10.2003) by [Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9), [s. 136(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/136/2), [Sch. 13](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/13) (with [s. 129](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/129), [Sch. 12 para. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/12/paragraph/1)); [S.I. 2003/1725](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725/article/2/1)
[^key-65a3dfbb21c158ec4cd380d0e7dd207e]: Words in [s. 30(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/30/6) substituted (13.10.2003) by [Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9), [s. 136(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/136/2), [Sch. 11 para. 20](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/11/paragraph/20) (with [s. 129](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/129)); [S.I. 2003/1725](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725/article/2/1)
[^key-bbe84a165467de4b4bdc0dcf3cbe9626]: Words in s. 34(9) substituted (13.10.2003) by [Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9), [s. 136(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/136/2), [Sch. 11 para. 20](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/11/paragraph/20) (with [s. 129](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/129)); [S.I. 2003/1725](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725/article/2/1)
[^key-0a9b491335ef52c88c40a0c446cc0b8a]: [Sch. 4 para. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/schedule/4/paragraph/1) repealed (13.10.2003) by [Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9), [s. 136(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/136/2), [Sch. 13](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/13) (with [s. 129](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/129), [Sch. 12 para. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/12/paragraph/1)); [S.I. 2003/1725](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725/article/2/1)
[^key-243d9f7a39af51c95cbb2c2d59cf97ed]: [Sch. 4 para. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/schedule/4/paragraph/2) repealed (13.10.2003) by [Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9), [s. 136(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/136/2), [Sch. 13](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/13) (with [s. 129](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/section/129), [Sch. 12 para. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/9/schedule/12/paragraph/1)); [S.I. 2003/1725](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725), [art. 2(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1725/article/2/1)
[^key-ec0c1215e7080eb516091c43a7acb921]: [Ss. 42-42B](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31/section/42) modified (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 7 para. 11](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/7/paragraph/11); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/wsi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/wsi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-a8d90c5e1850bd122993635886f8d2a5]: Ss. 46-48 modified (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 7 para. 12](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/7/paragraph/12); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/a); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/a)
[^key-4e62e77302645a64a0182310ef24463f]: S. 24A repealed (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^key-3db6b137048d260bb6c4f57c6f4d6186]: S. 24B repealed (30.9.2003 for E., 30.3.2004 for W.) by [Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15), [s. 181(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/section/181/1), [Sch. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/15/schedule/14); [S.I. 2003/1986](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1986/schedule/2)); [S.I. 2004/669](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669), [art. 2(c)(iv)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/article/2/c/iv), [Sch. 1 Pt. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/1/part/1) (with [Sch. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/669/schedule/2))
[^M_F_62404989-616f-4033-bcd1-5de78f197063]: S. 58(1)(dd) inserted by [Norfolk and Suffolk Broads Act 1988 (c. 4, SIF 81:1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/4), [ss. 21](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/4/section/21), [23(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/4/section/23/2), [Sch. 6 para. 28](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/4/schedule/6/paragraph/28)
[^M_F_a32a6e04-6268-4407-8a3f-7959558f58d7]: Words in s. 58(1) repealed (1.4.2002) by [2001 c. 16](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2001/16), [ss. 128(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2001/16/section/128/1), [137](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2001/16/section/137), [138(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2001/16/section/138/2), [Sch. 6 para. 70](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2001/16/schedule/6/paragraph/70), [Sch. 7 Pt. 5(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2001/16/schedule/7/part/5/1); [S.I. 2002/344](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/344), [art. 3(j)(k)(m)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/344/article/3/j/k/m)
Land Registration Act 1925 (c.21)
2003-10-13
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
2003-09-30
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
1987-05-15
Landlord and Tenant Act 1987
original version
Text at this date