LegalizeReform history
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
11 versions
· 2025-06-19
2026-03-31
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
2026-02-12
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
2026-02-06
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
2026-02-05
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
2025-12-01
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
Changes on 2025-12-01
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@
- (2) In this Part—
- “*business data*”, in relation to a trader, means— information about goods, services and digital content supplied or provided by the trader, information relating to the supply or provision of goods, services and digital content by the trader (such as, for example, information about— where goods, services or digital content are supplied or provided, prices or other terms on which they are supplied or provided, how they are used, or their performance or quality), information relating to feedback about the goods, services or digital content (or their supply or provision), and information relating to the provision of information described in paragraphs (a) to (c) to a person in accordance with data regulations;
- “*customer data*” means information relating to a customer of a trader, including— information relating to goods, services and digital content supplied or provided by the trader to the customer or to another person at the customer’s request (such as, for example, information about— prices or other terms on which goods, services or digital content are supplied or provided to the customer or the other person, how they are used by the customer or the other person, or their performance or quality when used by the customer or the other person), and information relating to the provision of information described in paragraph (a), or of other information relating to a customer of a trader, to a person in accordance with data regulations;
- “*data holder*”, in relation to customer data or business data of a trader, means— the trader, or a person who, in the course of a business, processes the data;
- “*data regulations*” means regulations under [section 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17) or [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17) (and see section [23](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/23/2025-11-17));
- “*business data*”, in relation to a trader, means—information about goods, services and digital content supplied or provided by the trader,information relating to the supply or provision of goods, services and digital content by the trader (such as, for example, information about—where goods, services or digital content are supplied or provided,prices or other terms on which they are supplied or provided,how they are used, ortheir performance or quality),information relating to feedback about the goods, services or digital content (or their supply or provision), andinformation relating to the provision of information described in paragraphs (a) to (c) to a person in accordance with data regulations;
- “*customer data*” means information relating to a customer of a trader, including—information relating to goods, services and digital content supplied or provided by the trader to the customer or to another person at the customer’s request (such as, for example, information about—prices or other terms on which goods, services or digital content are supplied or provided to the customer or the other person,how they are used by the customer or the other person, ortheir performance or quality when used by the customer or the other person), andinformation relating to the provision of information described in paragraph (a), or of other information relating to a customer of a trader, to a person in accordance with data regulations;
- “*data holder*”, in relation to customer data or business data of a trader, means—the trader, ora person who, in the course of a business, processes the data;
- “*data regulations*” means regulations under section 2 or 4 (and see section 23);
- “*trader*” means a person who supplies or provides goods, services or digital content in the course of a business, whether acting personally or through another person acting in the trader’s name or on the trader’s behalf.
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@
- (c) otherwise received goods, services or digital content free of charge from T.
- (4) In subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/3/2025-11-17), the references to purchase, supply, provision or receipt of goods, services or digital content at any time include purchase, supply, provision or receipt before this section comes into force.
- (5) In subsections [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/3/2025-11-17) and [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/4/2025-11-17), references to purchasing goods, services or digital content include entering into an agreement to do so.
- (4) In subsection (3), the references to purchase, supply, provision or receipt of goods, services or digital content at any time include purchase, supply, provision or receipt before this section comes into force.
- (5) In subsections (3) and (4), references to purchasing goods, services or digital content include entering into an agreement to do so.
- (6) In this Part—
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
- (b) to a person of a specified description who is authorised by the customer to receive the data (an “authorised person”), at the customer’s request or at the authorised person’s request.
- (2) In this Part, in relation to customer data, “*third party recipient*” means a person of a description specified by provision made under subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/1/2025-11-17)[(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/1/b/2025-11-17) (and see section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/1/2025-11-17)).
- (2) In this Part, in relation to customer data, “*third party recipient*” means a person of a description specified by provision made under subsection (1)(b) (and see section 25(1)).
- (3) The Secretary of State or the Treasury may by regulations make provision enabling or requiring a data holder—
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
##### 3
- (1) This section is about provision that regulations under [section 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17) may (among other things) contain.
- (1) This section is about provision that regulations under section 2 may (among other things) contain.
- (2) The regulations may include—
@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@
- (b) provision restricting the persons that may be authorised to persons that comply with specified conditions;
- (c) provision for a specified person to decide whether a person satisfies the conditions for authorisation (and see [section 6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/6/2025-11-17) for further provision about decision-makers).
- (c) provision for a specified person to decide whether a person satisfies the conditions for authorisation (and see section 6 for further provision about decision-makers).
- (3) The regulations may make provision about requests relating to customer data, including provision about the circumstances in which a data holder may or must refuse to act on a request.
- (4) The regulations may make provision about the providing of customer data and the taking of action described in section [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17)[(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/4/2025-11-17), including—
- (4) The regulations may make provision about the providing of customer data and the taking of action described in section 2(4), including—
- (a) provision requiring a data holder to provide customer data on one or more occasions, for a specified period or at specified intervals;
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
- (d) provision requiring a data holder or third party recipient to provide, or arrange for, specified assistance in connection with the establishment, maintenance or management of such facilities or services;
- (e) provision about interface bodies (see section [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/2025-11-17)).
- (e) provision about interface bodies (see section 7).
- (5) The regulations may include—
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
- (c) provision requiring a third party recipient to provide, or arrange for, specified assistance in connection with the establishment, maintenance or management of such facilities or services;
- (d) provision about interface bodies (see section [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/2025-11-17));
- (d) provision about interface bodies (see section 7);
- (e) provision about further disclosure of the data, including provision for a person to whom customer data is further disclosed to be subject to—
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
- (e) provision about appeals to a court or tribunal.
- (11) In subsections [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/3/4/2025-11-17)[(d)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/3/4/d/2025-11-17) and [(7)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/3/7/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/3/7/c/2025-11-17), references to assistance include actual or contingent financial assistance (such as, for example, a grant, loan, guarantee or indemnity or buying a company’s share capital).
- (11) In subsections (4)(d) and (7)(c), references to assistance include actual or contingent financial assistance (such as, for example, a grant, loan, guarantee or indemnity or buying a company’s share capital).
#### Power to make provision in connection with business data
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
- (b) to another person of a specified description.
- (2) In this Part, in relation to business data, “*third party recipient*” means a person of a description specified by provision made under subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/1/2025-11-17)[(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/1/b/2025-11-17) (and see section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/1/2025-11-17)).
- (2) In this Part, in relation to business data, “*third party recipient*” means a person of a description specified by provision made under subsection (1)(b) (and see section 25(1)).
- (3) The Secretary of State or the Treasury may by regulations make provision enabling or requiring a data holder to produce, collect or retain, or arrange for the production, collection or retention of, business data.
@@ -170,11 +170,11 @@
- (ii) to another person of a specified description,
- (b) make provision requiring a person who is a third party recipient in relation to business data (whether by virtue of those regulations or other data regulations), and who is appointed by a public authority to do something with the business data, to publish or provide business data as described in paragraph [(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/a/2025-11-17)[(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/a/i/2025-11-17) or [(ii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/a/ii/2025-11-17),
- (c) in relation to the public authority, or the appointed person referred to in paragraph [(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/a/2025-11-17) or [(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/b/2025-11-17), make any provision that could be made in relation to a data holder, in connection with business data, in reliance on subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/3/2025-11-17) or sections [5](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/5/2025-11-17) to [21](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21/2025-11-17), other than provision imposing a levy on the public authority or person, and
- (d) in relation to a person to whom the public authority or appointed person is required to provide business data by virtue of provision made under paragraph [(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/a/2025-11-17) or [(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/b/2025-11-17), other than a customer described in paragraph [(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/a/2025-11-17)[(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/a/i/2025-11-17), make any provision that could be made in relation to a third party recipient in reliance on sections [5](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/5/2025-11-17) to [21](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21/2025-11-17).
- (b) make provision requiring a person who is a third party recipient in relation to business data (whether by virtue of those regulations or other data regulations), and who is appointed by a public authority to do something with the business data, to publish or provide business data as described in paragraph (a)(i) or (ii),
- (c) in relation to the public authority, or the appointed person referred to in paragraph (a) or (b), make any provision that could be made in relation to a data holder, in connection with business data, in reliance on subsection (3) or sections 5 to 21, other than provision imposing a levy on the public authority or person, and
- (d) in relation to a person to whom the public authority or appointed person is required to provide business data by virtue of provision made under paragraph (a) or (b), other than a customer described in paragraph (a)(i), make any provision that could be made in relation to a third party recipient in reliance on sections 5 to 21.
- (5) In deciding whether to make regulations under this section, the Secretary of State or the Treasury must have regard to (among other things)—
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
##### 5
- (1) This section is about provision that regulations under [section 4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17) may (among other things) contain.
- (1) This section is about provision that regulations under section 4 may (among other things) contain.
- (2) The regulations may require business data to be provided on request and make provision about requests, including—
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@
- (a) provision restricting the persons that may be approved to persons that comply with specified conditions;
- (b) provision for a specified person to decide whether a person satisfies the conditions for approval (and see [section 6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/6/2025-11-17) for further provision about decision-makers).
- (b) provision for a specified person to decide whether a person satisfies the conditions for approval (and see section 6 for further provision about decision-makers).
- (4) The regulations may make provision about the providing or publishing of business data, including—
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@
- (d) provision requiring a data holder or third party recipient to provide, or arrange for, specified assistance in connection with the establishment, maintenance or management of such facilities or services;
- (e) provision about interface bodies (see section [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/2025-11-17)).
- (e) provision about interface bodies (see section 7).
- (5) The regulations may include—
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@
- (c) provision requiring a third party recipient to provide, or arrange for, specified assistance in connection with the establishment, maintenance or management of such facilities or services;
- (d) provision about interface bodies (see section [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/2025-11-17));
- (d) provision about interface bodies (see section 7);
- (e) provision about further disclosure of the data, including provision for a person to whom business data is further disclosed to be subject to some or all of the obligations imposed on customers or third party recipients by the regulations in relation to the business data.
@@ -254,23 +254,23 @@
- (e) provision about appeals to a court or tribunal.
- (11) In subsections [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/5/4/2025-11-17)[(d)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/5/4/d/2025-11-17) and [(7)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/5/7/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/5/7/c/2025-11-17), references to assistance include actual or contingent financial assistance (such as, for example, a grant, loan, guarantee or indemnity or buying a company’s share capital).
- (11) In subsections (4)(d) and (7)(c), references to assistance include actual or contingent financial assistance (such as, for example, a grant, loan, guarantee or indemnity or buying a company’s share capital).
#### Decision-makers
##### 6
- (1) This section is about the provision about decision-makers that regulations under [section 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17) or [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17) may or must (among other things) contain.
- (2) In this Part, “*decision-maker*” means a person who is authorised or required to take a decision described in section [3](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/3/2025-11-17)[(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/3/2/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/3/2/c/2025-11-17) (authorisation) or [5](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/5/2025-11-17)[(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/5/3/2025-11-17)[(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/5/3/b/2025-11-17) (approval).
- (1) This section is about the provision about decision-makers that regulations under section 2 or 4 may or must (among other things) contain.
- (2) In this Part, “*decision-maker*” means a person who is authorised or required to take a decision described in section 3(2)(c) (authorisation) or 5(3)(b) (approval).
- (3) The regulations may make provision about the appointment of a decision-maker.
- (4) The regulations may make provision enabling or requiring a decision-maker to suspend or revoke a decision.
- (5) The regulations may confer powers on a decision-maker for the purpose of monitoring compliance with conditions for authorisation or approval (“monitoring powers”) (and see [section 8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/8/2025-11-17) for provision about enforcement of requirements imposed in exercise of those powers).
- (6) The monitoring powers that may be conferred on a decision-maker include powers to require the provision of documents or information (but such powers are subject to the restrictions in [section 9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9/2025-11-17) as well as any restrictions included in the regulations).
- (5) The regulations may confer powers on a decision-maker for the purpose of monitoring compliance with conditions for authorisation or approval (“monitoring powers”) (and see section 8 for provision about enforcement of requirements imposed in exercise of those powers).
- (6) The monitoring powers that may be conferred on a decision-maker include powers to require the provision of documents or information (but such powers are subject to the restrictions in section 9 as well as any restrictions included in the regulations).
- (7) The regulations must make provision about the rights of persons affected by the exercise of a decision-maker’s functions under the regulations and such provision may include (among other things)—
@@ -308,9 +308,9 @@
##### 7
- (1) This section is about the provision that regulations under section [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17) or [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17) may (among other things) contain about bodies with one or more of the following tasks—
- (a) establishing a facility or service used, or capable of being used, for providing, publishing or otherwise processing customer data or business data or for taking action described in section [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17)[(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/4/2025-11-17) (referred to in this Part as an “*interface*”);
- (1) This section is about the provision that regulations under section 2 or 4 may (among other things) contain about bodies with one or more of the following tasks—
- (a) establishing a facility or service used, or capable of being used, for providing, publishing or otherwise processing customer data or business data or for taking action described in section 2(4) (referred to in this Part as an “*interface*”);
- (b) setting standards, or making other arrangements, relating to, or to the use of, an interface (referred to in this Part as “*interface standards*” and “interface arrangements”);
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@
- (b) make provision about the type of body to be set up.
- (4) In relation to an interface body (whether or not it is required to be set up by regulations under section [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17) or [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17)), the regulations may—
- (4) In relation to an interface body (whether or not it is required to be set up by regulations under section 2 or 4), the regulations may—
- (a) make provision about the body’s composition and governance;
@@ -332,13 +332,13 @@
- (c) impose other requirements relating to the body on a person who is required to set it up or to provide, or arrange for, assistance for the body;
- (d) make provision requiring the body to carry on all or part of a task described in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/1/2025-11-17);
- (d) make provision requiring the body to carry on all or part of a task described in subsection (1);
- (e) make provision requiring the body to do other things in connection with its interface, interface standards or interface arrangements;
- (f) make provision about how the body carries out its functions (such as, for example, provision about the body’s objectives or matters to be taken into account by the body);
- (g) confer powers on the body for the purpose of monitoring use of its interface, interface standards or interface arrangements (“monitoring powers”) (and see section [8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/8/2025-11-17) for provision about enforcement of requirements imposed in exercise of those powers);
- (g) confer powers on the body for the purpose of monitoring use of its interface, interface standards or interface arrangements (“monitoring powers”) (and see section 8 for provision about enforcement of requirements imposed in exercise of those powers);
- (h) make provision for the body to arrange for its monitoring powers to be exercised by another person;
@@ -354,11 +354,11 @@
- (l) make provision enabling or requiring the body to produce guidance about how it proposes to exercise its functions under the regulations, to publish the guidance and to provide copies to specified persons.
- (5) The monitoring powers that may be conferred on an interface body include power to require the provision of documents or information (but such powers are subject to the restrictions in section [9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9/2025-11-17) as well as any restrictions included in the regulations).
- (6) Examples of facilities or services referred to in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/1/2025-11-17) include dashboard services, other electronic communications services and application programming interfaces.
- (7) In subsection [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/4/2025-11-17)[(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/4/b/2025-11-17) and [(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/4/c/2025-11-17), the references to assistance include actual or contingent financial assistance (such as, for example, a grant, loan, guarantee or indemnity or buying a company’s share capital).
- (5) The monitoring powers that may be conferred on an interface body include power to require the provision of documents or information (but such powers are subject to the restrictions in section 9 as well as any restrictions included in the regulations).
- (6) Examples of facilities or services referred to in subsection (1) include dashboard services, other electronic communications services and application programming interfaces.
- (7) In subsection (4)(b) and (c), the references to assistance include actual or contingent financial assistance (such as, for example, a grant, loan, guarantee or indemnity or buying a company’s share capital).
### Enforcement
@@ -374,9 +374,9 @@
including provision for monitoring or enforcement by a specified public authority.
- (2) In this Part, “*enforcer*” means a public authority that is authorised or required to carry out monitoring or enforcement described in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/8/1/2025-11-17).
- (3) The following subsections make provision about what regulations under [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/8/1/2025-11-17) may or must (among other things) contain (and see sections [9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9/2025-11-17) and [10](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/10/2025-11-17)).
- (2) In this Part, “*enforcer*” means a public authority that is authorised or required to carry out monitoring or enforcement described in subsection (1).
- (3) The following subsections make provision about what regulations under subsection (1) may or must (among other things) contain (and see sections 9 and 10).
- (4) The regulations may confer powers of investigation on an enforcer, including—
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@
- (c) powers of entry, inspection, search and seizure,
but such powers are subject to the restrictions in [section 9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9/2025-11-17) (as well as any restrictions included in the regulations).
but such powers are subject to the restrictions in section 9 (as well as any restrictions included in the regulations).
- (5) The regulations may—
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@
- (i) regulations under this Part;
- (ii) a condition for authorisation or approval (referred to in sections [3](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/3/2025-11-17)[(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/3/2/2025-11-17) and [5](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/5/2025-11-17)[(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/5/3/2025-11-17));
- (ii) a condition for authorisation or approval (referred to in sections 3(2) and 5(3));
- (iii) any other requirement imposed in exercise of a power conferred by regulations under this Part;
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@
- (d) a failure to comply with any other requirement imposed in exercise of a power conferred by regulations under this Part;
and see [section 10](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/10/2025-11-17) for further provision about financial penalties.
and see section 10 for further provision about financial penalties.
- (8) The regulations may make provision about the rights of persons affected by the exercise of an enforcer’s functions under the regulations, including—
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@
- (9) The regulations may make provision about complaints, including provision requiring an enforcer to implement procedures for the handling of complaints.
- (10) The regulations may make provision enabling or requiring an enforcer to publish, or to provide to a specified person, specified documents or information relating to monitoring or enforcement described in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/8/1/2025-11-17), including—
- (10) The regulations may make provision enabling or requiring an enforcer to publish, or to provide to a specified person, specified documents or information relating to monitoring or enforcement described in subsection (1), including—
- (a) documents or information relating to the exercise of the enforcer’s functions, and
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@
- (a) authorise entry to a private dwelling without a warrant issued by a justice, or
- (b) require a person to provide information within subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9/2/2025-11-17) to [(7)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9/7/2025-11-17)to a decision-maker, an interface body or an enforcer.
- (b) require a person to provide information within subsections (2) to (7) to a decision-maker, an interface body or an enforcer.
- (2) Information is within this subsection if requiring a person to provide the information would involve an infringement of the privileges of either House of Parliament.
@@ -488,11 +488,11 @@
- (c) for the purposes of such proceedings.
- (5) In subsections [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9/3/2025-11-17) and [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9/4/2025-11-17), references to the client of a professional legal adviser include references to a person acting on behalf of the client.
- (5) In subsections (3) and (4), references to the client of a professional legal adviser include references to a person acting on behalf of the client.
- (6) Information is within this subsection if requiring a person to provide the information would, by revealing evidence of the commission of an offence, expose the person to proceedings for that offence.
- (7) The reference to an offence in [subsection (6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9/6/2025-11-17) does not include an offence under—
- (7) The reference to an offence in subsection (6) does not include an offence under—
- (a) regulations made under this Part;
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@
- (b) an amount not exceeding such an amount,
unless section [16](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/16/2025-11-17) confers power to provide otherwise.
unless section 16 confers power to provide otherwise.
- (3) The regulations must include provision—
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@
- (4) The regulations may include provision—
- (a) requiring or enabling an enforcer to provide copies of guidance described in subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/10/3/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/10/3/a/2025-11-17) to specified persons;
- (a) requiring or enabling an enforcer to provide copies of guidance described in subsection (3)(a) to specified persons;
- (b) enabling a notice of intent or final notice to be withdrawn or amended;
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@
- (1) The Secretary of State or the Treasury may by regulations—
- (a) make provision enabling a person listed in subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/2/2025-11-17), or a person acting on their behalf, to require other persons to pay fees in connection with activities described in subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/3/2025-11-17), and
- (a) make provision enabling a person listed in subsection (2), or a person acting on their behalf, to require other persons to pay fees in connection with activities described in subsection (3), and
- (b) make provision about what must or may be done with amounts paid as fees.
@@ -590,47 +590,47 @@
- (e) other persons on whom duties are imposed, or powers are conferred, by or under regulations made under this Part.
- (3) Those activities are performing duties, or exercising powers, imposed or conferred on the person listed in subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/2/2025-11-17) by or under regulations made under this Part.
- (4) Regulations under [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/1/2025-11-17)—
- (3) Those activities are performing duties, or exercising powers, imposed or conferred on the person listed in subsection (2) by or under regulations made under this Part.
- (4) Regulations under subsection (1)—
- (a) may only provide for a fee to be payable by persons that appear to the Secretary of State or the Treasury to be capable of being directly affected by the performance of duties, or the exercise of powers, imposed or conferred by or under regulations made under this Part;
- (b) may provide for the amount of a fee to be an amount which is intended to exceed the cost of the things in connection with which the fee is charged (and for the total amount of fees payable in connection with things to exceed the total cost).
- (5) Regulations under [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/1/2025-11-17) must provide for the amount of a fee to be—
- (5) Regulations under subsection (1) must provide for the amount of a fee to be—
- (a) a specified amount or an amount determined in accordance with the regulations, or
- (b) an amount not exceeding such an amount,
unless section [15](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/15/2025-11-17) confers power to provide otherwise.
- (6) Regulations under subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/1/2025-11-17) may provide for the amount, or maximum amount, of a fee to increase at specified times and by—
unless section 15 confers power to provide otherwise.
- (6) Regulations under subsection (1) may provide for the amount, or maximum amount, of a fee to increase at specified times and by—
- (a) a specified amount or an amount determined in accordance with the regulations, or
- (b) an amount not exceeding such an amount.
- (7) Regulations under [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/1/2025-11-17) enabling a person to determine the amount of a fee must require the person to publish information about the amount and how it is determined.
- (8) Regulations under [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/1/2025-11-17) may (among other things) make provision about—
- (7) Regulations under subsection (1) enabling a person to determine the amount of a fee must require the person to publish information about the amount and how it is determined.
- (8) Regulations under subsection (1) may (among other things) make provision about—
- (a) interest on any unpaid amounts;
- (b) the recovery of unpaid amounts.
- (9) The Secretary of State or the Treasury may by regulations make provision about whether a person listed in subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/2/2025-11-17), or a person acting on their behalf, who could require payment in connection with an activity described in subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/3/2025-11-17) otherwise than in reliance on regulations under subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/1/2025-11-17) may do so.
- (9) The Secretary of State or the Treasury may by regulations make provision about whether a person listed in subsection (2), or a person acting on their behalf, who could require payment in connection with an activity described in subsection (3) otherwise than in reliance on regulations under subsection (1) may do so.
- (10) Where duties or powers are imposed or conferred—
- (a) on a person in their capacity as a third party recipient by or under regulations made under this Part, other than regulations made in reliance on section [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17)[(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/a/2025-11-17), [(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/b/2025-11-17) or [(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/c/2025-11-17), or
- (b) on a person in their capacity as a person described in section [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17)[(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/2025-11-17)[(d)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/d/2025-11-17) by or under regulations made under this Part,
nothing in this section, or in regulations under subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/1/2025-11-17) or [(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/9/2025-11-17), prevents the person, or a person acting on their behalf, from requiring payment in connection with the performance or exercise of those duties or powers, or restricts their ability to do so, where the person could do so otherwise than in reliance on regulations under subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/1/2025-11-17).
- (11) Examples of requiring payment otherwise than in reliance on regulations under subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/1/2025-11-17) include doing so in reliance on other legislation or a contract or other arrangement (whenever entered into).
- (a) on a person in their capacity as a third party recipient by or under regulations made under this Part, other than regulations made in reliance on section 4(4)(a), (b) or (c), or
- (b) on a person in their capacity as a person described in section 4(4)(d) by or under regulations made under this Part,
nothing in this section, or in regulations under subsection (1) or (9), prevents the person, or a person acting on their behalf, from requiring payment in connection with the performance or exercise of those duties or powers, or restricts their ability to do so, where the person could do so otherwise than in reliance on regulations under subsection (1).
- (11) Examples of requiring payment otherwise than in reliance on regulations under subsection (1) include doing so in reliance on other legislation or a contract or other arrangement (whenever entered into).
#### Levy
@@ -638,11 +638,11 @@
- (1) The Secretary of State or the Treasury may by regulations—
- (a) impose, or provide for a specified public authority to impose, a levy on data holders or third party recipients for the purpose of meeting expenses described in subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/12/2/2025-11-17), and
- (a) impose, or provide for a specified public authority to impose, a levy on data holders or third party recipients for the purpose of meeting expenses described in subsection (2), and
- (b) make provision about what must or may be done with funds raised by means of the levy.
- (2) Those expenses are expenses incurred, or to be incurred, during a period by a person listed in subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/12/3/2025-11-17), or a person acting on their behalf, in performing duties, or exercising powers, imposed or conferred on the person listed in subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/12/3/2025-11-17) by or under regulations made under this Part.
- (2) Those expenses are expenses incurred, or to be incurred, during a period by a person listed in subsection (3), or a person acting on their behalf, in performing duties, or exercising powers, imposed or conferred on the person listed in subsection (3) by or under regulations made under this Part.
- (3) Those persons are—
@@ -652,11 +652,11 @@
- (c) enforcers;
- (d) public authorities subject to requirements imposed by regulations made in reliance on section [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17)[(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/2025-11-17).
- (4) Regulations under [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/12/1/2025-11-17) may only provide for a levy in respect of expenses of a person to be imposed on data holders or third party recipients that appear to the Secretary of State or the Treasury to be capable of being directly affected by the exercise of some or all of the functions conferred on the person by or under regulations made under this Part.
- (5) Regulations under [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/12/1/2025-11-17) providing for a specified public authority to impose a levy must—
- (d) public authorities subject to requirements imposed by regulations made in reliance on section 4(4).
- (4) Regulations under subsection (1) may only provide for a levy in respect of expenses of a person to be imposed on data holders or third party recipients that appear to the Secretary of State or the Treasury to be capable of being directly affected by the exercise of some or all of the functions conferred on the person by or under regulations made under this Part.
- (5) Regulations under subsection (1) providing for a specified public authority to impose a levy must—
- (a) make provision about how the rate of the levy is to be determined;
@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@
- (c) require the public authority to publish information about the rate, the period and how they are determined.
- (6) Regulations under [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/12/1/2025-11-17) may (among other things) make provision about—
- (6) Regulations under subsection (1) may (among other things) make provision about—
- (a) interest on any unpaid amounts payable by way of a levy;
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
- (b) exercising other functions in connection with such regulations.
- (2) But subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/13/1/2025-11-17) does not enable financial assistance to be provided to a person listed in subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/13/3/2025-11-17) or to a person acting on their behalf.
- (2) But subsection (1) does not enable financial assistance to be provided to a person listed in subsection (3) or to a person acting on their behalf.
- (3) Those persons are—
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@
- (b) customers, or
- (c) third party recipients, other than a third party recipient that is a public authority subject to requirements imposed by regulations made in reliance on section [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17)[(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/2025-11-17).
- (c) third party recipients, other than a third party recipient that is a public authority subject to requirements imposed by regulations made in reliance on section 4(4).
- (4) The financial assistance may be given on such terms and conditions as the Secretary of State or the Treasury considers appropriate.
@@ -706,9 +706,9 @@
- (b) requiring persons described in the regulations to use a prescribed interface, comply with prescribed interface standards or participate in prescribed interface arrangements, when the person, in the course of a business, receives, from a financial services provider, customer data or business data which is required to be provided to the person by data regulations;
- (c) requiring section [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17)[(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/4/2025-11-17) actors described in the regulations to use a prescribed interface, comply with prescribed interface standards or participate in prescribed interface arrangements when taking, facilitating or doing other things in connection with relevant financial services action;
- (d) imposing interface-related requirements on a description of person falling within subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/3/2025-11-17).
- (c) requiring section 2(4) actors described in the regulations to use a prescribed interface, comply with prescribed interface standards or participate in prescribed interface arrangements when taking, facilitating or doing other things in connection with relevant financial services action;
- (d) imposing interface-related requirements on a description of person falling within subsection (3).
- (2) Such rules are referred to in this Part as “*FCA interface rules*”.
@@ -716,9 +716,9 @@
- (a) an interface body linked to the financial services sector;
- (b) a person required by regulations made in reliance on section [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/2025-11-17) to set up an interface body linked to the financial services sector;
- (c) a person who uses an interface, complies with interface standards or participates in interface arrangements linked to the financial services sector or who is required to do so by data regulations or rules made by virtue of regulations under subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/1/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/1/a/2025-11-17), [(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/1/b/2025-11-17) or [(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/1/c/2025-11-17).
- (b) a person required by regulations made in reliance on section 7 to set up an interface body linked to the financial services sector;
- (c) a person who uses an interface, complies with interface standards or participates in interface arrangements linked to the financial services sector or who is required to do so by data regulations or rules made by virtue of regulations under subsection (1)(a), (b) or (c).
- (4) For the purposes of this section, requirements are interface-related if they relate to—
@@ -738,17 +738,17 @@
- (a) in response to a failure, or likely failure, by the person to comply with an FCA interface rule or FCA additional requirement, or
- (b) in order to advance a purpose which the FCA is required to advance when exercising functions conferred by regulations under this section (see section [15](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/15/2025-11-17)[(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/15/3/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/15/3/a/2025-11-17)).
- (7) Regulations under subsection [(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/6/2025-11-17) may, for example, provide for the FCA to impose requirements by giving a notice or direction.
- (8) The restrictions in section [9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9/2025-11-17) apply in connection with FCA interface rules and FCA additional requirements as they apply in connection with regulations under this Part.
- (9) In section [9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9/2025-11-17) as so applied—
- (a) the references in subsections [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9/1/2025-11-17)[(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9/1/b/2025-11-17) and [(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9/8/2025-11-17) to an enforcer include the FCA, and
- (b) the references in subsections [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9/3/2025-11-17) and [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9/4/2025-11-17) to regulations made under this Part include FCA interface rules and FCA additional requirements.
- (b) in order to advance a purpose which the FCA is required to advance when exercising functions conferred by regulations under this section (see section 15(3)(a)).
- (7) Regulations under subsection (6) may, for example, provide for the FCA to impose requirements by giving a notice or direction.
- (8) The restrictions in section 9 apply in connection with FCA interface rules and FCA additional requirements as they apply in connection with regulations under this Part.
- (9) In section 9 as so applied—
- (a) the references in subsections (1)(b) and (8) to an enforcer include the FCA, and
- (b) the references in subsections (3) and (4) to regulations made under this Part include FCA interface rules and FCA additional requirements.
- (10) In this section—
@@ -756,19 +756,19 @@
- “*prescribed*” means prescribed in FCA interface rules;
- “*relevant financial services action*” means action described in section [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17)[(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/4/2025-11-17) taken in relation to services or digital content provided or supplied by a financial services provider;
- “*section 2(4) actor*” means— a person who, in reliance on regulations under subsection [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/4/2025-11-17) of section [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17), takes action described in that subsection; a data holder or other person who facilitates or does other things in connection with such action.
- “*relevant financial services action*” means action described in section 2(4) taken in relation to services or digital content provided or supplied by a financial services provider;
- “*section 2(4) actor*” means—a person who, in reliance on regulations under subsection (4) of section 2, takes action described in that subsection;a data holder or other person who facilitates or does other things in connection with such action.
#### The FCA and financial services interfaces: supplementary
##### 15
- (1) This section is about provision that regulations under section [14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/2025-11-17) may or must (among other things) contain.
- (1) This section is about provision that regulations under section 14 may or must (among other things) contain.
- (2) The regulations—
- (a) may require or enable the FCA to impose interface-related requirements that could be imposed by regulations made in reliance on section [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/2025-11-17)[(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/4/2025-11-17) or [(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/5/2025-11-17), but
- (a) may require or enable the FCA to impose interface-related requirements that could be imposed by regulations made in reliance on section 7(4) or (5), but
- (b) may not require or enable the FCA to require a person to set up an interface body.
@@ -802,21 +802,21 @@
- (c) a requirement to make redress for loss or damage suffered by others as a result of the person’s conduct.
- (6) The regulations may require or enable FCA interface rules to require a person listed in subsection [(7)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/15/7/2025-11-17) to pay fees to an interface body or another person listed in that subsection, or to a person acting on behalf of such a body or person, in connection with activities described in subsection [(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/15/8/2025-11-17).
- (6) The regulations may require or enable FCA interface rules to require a person listed in subsection (7) to pay fees to an interface body or another person listed in that subsection, or to a person acting on behalf of such a body or person, in connection with activities described in subsection (8).
- (7) Those persons are—
- (a) persons falling within section [14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/2025-11-17)[(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/3/2025-11-17)[(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/3/b/2025-11-17) or [(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/3/c/2025-11-17);
- (a) persons falling within section 14(3)(b) or (c);
- (b) financial services providers.
- (8) Those activities are performing or exercising—
- (a) duties or powers imposed or conferred on the interface body or person listed in subsection [(7)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/15/7/2025-11-17) by FCA interface rules, and
- (a) duties or powers imposed or conferred on the interface body or person listed in subsection (7) by FCA interface rules, and
- (b) other duties or powers imposed or conferred on that body or person by or under regulations made under this Part.
- (9) Regulations made in reliance on subsection [(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/15/6/2025-11-17)—
- (9) Regulations made in reliance on subsection (6)—
- (a) may enable rules to provide for the amount of a fee to be an amount which is intended to exceed the cost of the things in connection with which the fee is charged (and for the total amount of fees payable in connection with things to exceed the total cost);
@@ -834,15 +834,15 @@
- (ii) the recovery of unpaid amounts.
- (10) Regulations under section [14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/2025-11-17) may enable FCA interface rules to make provision about whether an interface body or a person listed in subsection [(7)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/15/7/2025-11-17), or a person acting on behalf of such a body or person, who could require payment in connection with an activity described in subsection [(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/15/8/2025-11-17) otherwise than in reliance on FCA interface rules may do so.
- (10) Regulations under section 14 may enable FCA interface rules to make provision about whether an interface body or a person listed in subsection (7), or a person acting on behalf of such a body or person, who could require payment in connection with an activity described in subsection (8) otherwise than in reliance on FCA interface rules may do so.
- (11) Examples of requiring payment otherwise than in reliance on FCA interface rules include doing so in reliance on other legislation or a contract or other arrangement (whenever entered into).
- (12) Regulations under section [14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/2025-11-17) may provide that powers to make FCA interface rules include powers to do things described in section [21](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21/1/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21/1/a/2025-11-17) to [(h)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21/1/h/2025-11-17) (supplementary powers) (ignoring the restriction in relation to fees in section [21](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21/2025-11-17)[(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21/3/2025-11-17)).
- (13) In this section, “financial services provider” and “*interface-related*” have the meaning given in section [14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/2025-11-17).
- (14) The reference in subsection [(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/15/5/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/15/5/c/2025-11-17) to making redress includes—
- (12) Regulations under section 14 may provide that powers to make FCA interface rules include powers to do things described in section 21(1)(a) to (h) (supplementary powers) (ignoring the restriction in relation to fees in section 21(3)).
- (13) In this section, “financial services provider” and “*interface-related*” have the meaning given in section 14.
- (14) The reference in subsection (5)(c) to making redress includes—
- (a) paying interest, and
@@ -852,15 +852,15 @@
##### 16
- (1) Subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/16/2/2025-11-17) and [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/16/3/2025-11-17) are about the provision that regulations made by the Treasury under this Part providing for the FCA to enforce requirements under FCA interface rules may (among other things) contain in relation to financial penalties.
- (1) Subsections (2) and (3) are about the provision that regulations made by the Treasury under this Part providing for the FCA to enforce requirements under FCA interface rules may (among other things) contain in relation to financial penalties.
- (2) The regulations may require or enable the FCA—
- (a) to set the amount or maximum amount of, or of an increase in, a penalty imposed in respect of failure to comply with a requirement imposed by the FCA in exercise of a power conferred by regulations under section [14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/2025-11-17) (whether imposed by means of FCA interface rules or an FCA additional requirement), or
- (a) to set the amount or maximum amount of, or of an increase in, a penalty imposed in respect of failure to comply with a requirement imposed by the FCA in exercise of a power conferred by regulations under section 14 (whether imposed by means of FCA interface rules or an FCA additional requirement), or
- (b) to set the method for determining such an amount.
- (3) Regulations made in reliance on subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/16/2/2025-11-17)—
- (3) Regulations made in reliance on subsection (2)—
- (a) must require the FCA to produce and publish a statement of its policy with respect to the amount of the penalties;
@@ -874,13 +874,13 @@
- (4) The Treasury may by regulations—
- (a) impose, or provide for the FCA to impose, a levy on data holders or third party recipients for the purpose of meeting expenses incurred, or to be incurred, during a period by the FCA, or by a person acting on the FCA’s behalf, in performing duties, or exercising powers, imposed or conferred on the FCA by regulations under section [14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/2025-11-17), and
- (a) impose, or provide for the FCA to impose, a levy on data holders or third party recipients for the purpose of meeting expenses incurred, or to be incurred, during a period by the FCA, or by a person acting on the FCA’s behalf, in performing duties, or exercising powers, imposed or conferred on the FCA by regulations under section 14, and
- (b) make provision about what must or may be done with funds raised by means of the levy.
- (5) Regulations under subsection [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/16/4/2025-11-17) may only provide for a levy in respect of expenses of the FCA to be imposed on persons that appear to the Treasury to be capable of being directly affected by the exercise of some or all of the functions conferred on the FCA by regulations under section [14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/2025-11-17).
- (6) Regulations under subsection [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/16/4/2025-11-17) providing for the FCA to impose a levy must—
- (5) Regulations under subsection (4) may only provide for a levy in respect of expenses of the FCA to be imposed on persons that appear to the Treasury to be capable of being directly affected by the exercise of some or all of the functions conferred on the FCA by regulations under section 14.
- (6) Regulations under subsection (4) providing for the FCA to impose a levy must—
- (a) make provision about how the rate of the levy is to be determined;
@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@
- (c) require the FCA to publish information about the rate, the period and how they are determined.
- (7) Regulations under subsection [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/16/4/2025-11-17) may (among other things) make provision about—
- (7) Regulations under subsection (4) may (among other things) make provision about—
- (a) interest on any unpaid amounts payable by way of a levy;
@@ -910,7 +910,7 @@
##### 18
- (1) The Secretary of State or the Treasury may by regulations provide that a person listed in subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/18/2/2025-11-17) is not liable in damages for anything done or omitted to be done in the exercise of functions conferred by or under regulations made under this Part.
- (1) The Secretary of State or the Treasury may by regulations provide that a person listed in subsection (2) is not liable in damages for anything done or omitted to be done in the exercise of functions conferred by or under regulations made under this Part.
- (2) Those persons are—
@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@
##### 19
- (1) The relevant person must, by regulations, provide for the review of provision made by the relevant person in exercise of powers to make regulations under other sections in this Part (“Part 1 provision”) (but see the exceptions in subsection [(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/19/8/2025-11-17)).
- (1) The relevant person must, by regulations, provide for the review of provision made by the relevant person in exercise of powers to make regulations under other sections in this Part (“Part 1 provision”) (but see the exceptions in subsection (8)).
- (2) In this section, “*the relevant person*” means—
@@ -938,7 +938,7 @@
- (b) in relation to Part 1 provision made by the Treasury, the Treasury.
- (3) Regulations under subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/19/1/2025-11-17) must require the relevant person—
- (3) Regulations under subsection (1) must require the relevant person—
- (a) to review the Part 1 provision,
@@ -956,17 +956,17 @@
- (a) the objectives it is intended to achieve, and
- (b) to the extent that it is part of data regulations, the matters to which the relevant person was required to have regard in deciding whether to make the provision (see sections [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17)[(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/5/2025-11-17) and [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17)[(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/5/2025-11-17)).
- (b) to the extent that it is part of data regulations, the matters to which the relevant person was required to have regard in deciding whether to make the provision (see sections 2(5) and 4(5)).
- (6) The regulations must provide that the relevant person may omit material from a report before publication if the relevant person thinks that the publication of that material might harm the commercial interests of any person.
- (7) The regulations may (whether made by the Secretary of State or the Treasury) provide for the Secretary of State and the Treasury to carry out a joint review, and to produce a joint report, in respect of Part 1 provision made by the Secretary of State and Part 1 provision made by the Treasury.
- (8) Subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/19/1/2025-11-17) does not apply in relation to—
- (8) Subsection (1) does not apply in relation to—
- (a) Part 1 provision that is required to be reviewed by the relevant person by virtue of existing regulations under this section, or
- (b) Part 1 provision that makes, amends or revokes provision described in paragraph [(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/19/8/a/2025-11-17),
- (b) Part 1 provision that makes, amends or revokes provision described in paragraph (a),
nor does it require the relevant person to provide for the review of Part 1 provision that has been revoked.
@@ -976,7 +976,7 @@
##### 20
- (1) Except as provided by [subsection (2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/20/2/2025-11-17), regulations under this Part may provide for the processing of information in accordance with the regulations not to be in breach of—
- (1) Except as provided by subsection (2), regulations under this Part may provide for the processing of information in accordance with the regulations not to be in breach of—
- (a) any obligation of confidence owed by the person processing the information, or
@@ -1014,11 +1014,11 @@
- (2) Regulations under this Part may not require or enable a person to set the maximum amount of a fine for an offence, except that such regulations may make provision about the maximum amount referring to the standard scale, the statutory maximum or a similar amount.
- (3) Regulations under this Part may not require or enable a person to set the amount or maximum amount of, or of an increase in, a penalty or fee or to set the method for determining such an amount, except as provided by subsection [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21/4/2025-11-17) and sections [11](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/2025-11-17)[(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/9/2025-11-17), [15](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/15/2025-11-17) and [16](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/16/2025-11-17).
- (3) Regulations under this Part may not require or enable a person to set the amount or maximum amount of, or of an increase in, a penalty or fee or to set the method for determining such an amount, except as provided by subsection (4) and sections 11(9), 15 and 16.
- (4) Regulations under this Part—
- (a) may make provision about the amount or method described in subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21/3/2025-11-17) referring to a published index, and
- (a) may make provision about the amount or method described in subsection (3) referring to a published index, and
- (b) may require or enable a person to make decisions, in accordance with a maximum amount or method set out in the regulations, about the amount of, or of an increase or reduction in, a penalty or fee payable in a particular case.
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@
- (c) provision about appeals;
- (d) provision described in [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21/1/2025-11-17)[(h)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21/1/h/2025-11-17).
- (d) provision described in subsection (1)(h).
#### Regulations under this Part: Parliamentary procedure and consultation
@@ -1038,37 +1038,37 @@
- (1) The following regulations under this Part are subject to the affirmative resolution procedure—
- (a) the first regulations under each of [section 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/1/2025-11-17), [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/3/2025-11-17) and [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/4/2025-11-17) making provision about a particular description of customer data,
- (b) the first regulations under each of [section 4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/1/2025-11-17), [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/3/2025-11-17) and [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/2025-11-17) making provision about a particular description of business data,
- (c) regulations under [section 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17) or [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17) which make the requirements of regulations under this Part more onerous for data holders or interface bodies,
- (d) regulations under [section 6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/6/2025-11-17)[(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/6/5/2025-11-17), [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/2025-11-17), [8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/8/2025-11-17), [11](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11/2025-11-17), [12](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/12/2025-11-17), [14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/2025-11-17), [16](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/16/2025-11-17), [17](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/17/2025-11-17) or [18](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/18/2025-11-17), and
- (e) regulations described in section [21](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21/2025-11-17)[(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21/5/2025-11-17) which amend, repeal or revoke primary legislation.
- (a) the first regulations under each of section 2(1), (3) and (4) making provision about a particular description of customer data,
- (b) the first regulations under each of section 4(1), (3) and (4) making provision about a particular description of business data,
- (c) regulations under section 2 or 4 which make the requirements of regulations under this Part more onerous for data holders or interface bodies,
- (d) regulations under section 6(5), 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17 or 18, and
- (e) regulations described in section 21(5) which amend, repeal or revoke primary legislation.
- (2) Other regulations under this Part are subject to the negative resolution procedure.
- (3) Before making regulations described in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/22/1/2025-11-17), the Secretary of State or the Treasury (as the case may be) must consult such of the following as the Secretary of State or the Treasury considers appropriate—
- (3) Before making regulations described in subsection (1), the Secretary of State or the Treasury (as the case may be) must consult such of the following as the Secretary of State or the Treasury considers appropriate—
- (a) persons likely to be affected by the regulations or representatives of such persons;
- (b) sectoral regulators with functions in relation to data holders likely to be affected by the regulations.
- (4) The requirement in subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/22/3/2025-11-17) may be satisfied by consultation undertaken before the day on which this Act is passed.
- (4) The requirement in subsection (3) may be satisfied by consultation undertaken before the day on which this Act is passed.
#### Related subordinate legislation
##### 23
- (1) This section is about cases in which subordinate legislation, other than regulations under this Part, contains provision described in section [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/1/2025-11-17) to [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/4/2025-11-17) or [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/1/2025-11-17) to [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/2025-11-17) (and such provision is referred to in this section as “*related subordinate legislation*”).
- (2) The regulation-making powers under this Part may be exercised so as to make, in connection with the related subordinate legislation, any provision that they could be exercised to make as part of, or in connection with, provision made under section [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/1/2025-11-17) to [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/4/2025-11-17) or, as appropriate, section [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/1/2025-11-17) to [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/2025-11-17).
- (3) In this Part, references to “data regulations” include regulations made in reliance on subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/23/2/2025-11-17) to the extent that they make provision described in sections [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17) to [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/2025-11-17).
- (4) For the purposes of determining whether subordinate legislation contains provision described in sections [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/1/2025-11-17) to [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/4/2025-11-17) or [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/1/2025-11-17) to [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/2025-11-17), references in those sections to something specified are to be read as including something specified by or under any subordinate legislation.
- (1) This section is about cases in which subordinate legislation, other than regulations under this Part, contains provision described in section 2(1) to (4) or 4(1) to (4) (and such provision is referred to in this section as “*related subordinate legislation*”).
- (2) The regulation-making powers under this Part may be exercised so as to make, in connection with the related subordinate legislation, any provision that they could be exercised to make as part of, or in connection with, provision made under section 2(1) to (4) or, as appropriate, section 4(1) to (4).
- (3) In this Part, references to “data regulations” include regulations made in reliance on subsection (2) to the extent that they make provision described in sections 2 to 7.
- (4) For the purposes of determining whether subordinate legislation contains provision described in sections 2(1) to (4) or 4(1) to (4), references in those sections to something specified are to be read as including something specified by or under any subordinate legislation.
- (5) In this section, “*subordinate legislation*” has the same meaning as in the Interpretation Act 1978 (see section 21 of that Act).
@@ -1096,17 +1096,17 @@
- “*micro business*” has the meaning given by section 33 of the Small Business, Enterprise and Employment Act 2015, read with any regulations under that section;
- “*primary legislation*” means— an Act of Parliament; an Act of the Scottish Parliament; a Measure or Act of Senedd Cymru; Northern Ireland legislation;
- “*primary legislation*” means—an Act of Parliament;an Act of the Scottish Parliament;a Measure or Act of Senedd Cymru;Northern Ireland legislation;
- “*processing*” has the same meaning as in the Data Protection Act 2018 (see section 3(4) of that Act) and related terms are to be interpreted accordingly;
- “*public authority*” means a person whose functions— are of a public nature, or include functions of that nature;
- “*public authority*” means a person whose functions—are of a public nature, orinclude functions of that nature;
- “*small business*” has the meaning given by section 33 of the Small Business, Enterprise and Employment Act 2015, read with any regulations under that section;
- “*specified*” means specified, or of a description specified, by regulations under this Part, or in exercise of a power conferred by such regulations, except to the extent otherwise provided in this Part;
- “*third party recipient*” means— in section [3](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/3/2025-11-17), a third party in relation to customer data (see section [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17)[(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2/2025-11-17)), in sections [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17) and [5](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/5/2025-11-17), a third party recipient in relation to business data (see section [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17)[(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2/2025-11-17)), and in other sections, a third party recipient in relation to customer data or business data (see sections [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2025-11-17)[(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2/2/2025-11-17) and [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17)[(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2/2025-11-17)).
- “*third party recipient*” means—in section 3, a third party in relation to customer data (see section 2(2)),in sections 4 and 5, a third party recipient in relation to business data (see section 4(2)), andin other sections, a third party recipient in relation to customer data or business data (see sections 2(2) and 4(2)).
- (2) In this Part, references to doing something “in the course of a business” include doing something in the course of—
@@ -1124,7 +1124,7 @@
- (d) references to managing standards or arrangements include assisting people to use them or overseeing how they are used.
- (4) In this Part, references to regulations made under subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/3/2025-11-17) of section [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17) or any of sections [5](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/5/2025-11-17) to [21](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21/2025-11-17) (and references which include such regulations) include regulations made under section [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/2025-11-17)[(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/c/2025-11-17) or [(d)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4/4/d/2025-11-17) which make provision that could be made under the other subsection or section.
- (4) In this Part, references to regulations made under subsection (3) of section 4 or any of sections 5 to 21 (and references which include such regulations) include regulations made under section 4(4)(c) or (d) which make provision that could be made under the other subsection or section.
#### Index of defined terms for this Part
@@ -1134,39 +1134,39 @@
| *Term* | *Provision* |
| --- | --- |
| application programming interface | section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/1/2025-11-17) |
| business, in the course of a | section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17) [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2/2025-11-17) |
| business data | section [1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/2025-11-17) [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/2/2025-11-17) |
| customer | section [1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/2025-11-17) [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/3/2025-11-17) |
| customer data | section [1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/2025-11-17) [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/2/2025-11-17) |
| dashboard service | section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/1/2025-11-17) |
| data holder | section [1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/2025-11-17) [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/2/2025-11-17) |
| data regulations | sections [1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/2025-11-17) [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/2/2025-11-17) and [23](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/23/2025-11-17) [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/23/3/2025-11-17) |
| decision-maker | section [6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/6/2025-11-17) [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/6/2/2025-11-17) |
| digital content | section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/1/2025-11-17) |
| electronic communications service | section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/1/2025-11-17) |
| enforcer | section [8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/8/2025-11-17) [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/8/2/2025-11-17) |
| the FCA | section [14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/1/2025-11-17) |
| FCA additional requirement | section [14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/2025-11-17) [(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/6/2025-11-17) |
| FCA interface rules | section [14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/2025-11-17) [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14/2/2025-11-17) |
| goods | section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/1/2025-11-17) |
| interface | section [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/1/2025-11-17) |
| interface arrangements | section [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/1/2025-11-17) |
| interface body | section [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/2025-11-17) [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/2/2025-11-17) |
| interface standards | section [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/1/2025-11-17) |
| making arrangements | section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17) [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/3/2025-11-17) |
| managing (facilities, services, standards or arrangements) | section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17) [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/3/2025-11-17) |
| micro business | section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/1/2025-11-17) |
| monitoring powers (in sections [6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/6/2025-11-17) and [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/2025-11-17)) | section [6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/6/2025-11-17) [(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/6/5/2025-11-17) or [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/2025-11-17) [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/4/2025-11-17) [(g)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7/4/g/2025-11-17) (as appropriate) |
| primary legislation | section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/1/2025-11-17) |
| processing | section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/1/2025-11-17) |
| providing customer data or business data | section [1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/2025-11-17) [(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/6/2025-11-17) [(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/6/a/2025-11-17) |
| public authority | section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/1/2025-11-17) |
| receiving customer data or business data | section [1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/2025-11-17) [(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/6/2025-11-17) [(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/6/b/2025-11-17) |
| small business | section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/1/2025-11-17) |
| specified | section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/1/2025-11-17) |
| third party recipient | section [25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25/1/2025-11-17) |
| trader | section [1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/2025-11-17) [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1/2/2025-11-17) |
| application programming interface | section 25 (1) |
| business, in the course of a | section 25 (2) |
| business data | section 1 (2) |
| customer | section 1 (3) |
| customer data | section 1 (2) |
| dashboard service | section 25 (1) |
| data holder | section 1 (2) |
| data regulations | sections 1 (2) and 23 (3) |
| decision-maker | section 6 (2) |
| digital content | section 25 (1) |
| electronic communications service | section 25 (1) |
| enforcer | section 8 (2) |
| the FCA | section 14 (1) |
| FCA additional requirement | section 14 (6) |
| FCA interface rules | section 14 (2) |
| goods | section 25 (1) |
| interface | section 7 (1) |
| interface arrangements | section 7 (1) |
| interface body | section 7 (2) |
| interface standards | section 7 (1) |
| making arrangements | section 25 (3) |
| managing (facilities, services, standards or arrangements) | section 25 (3) |
| micro business | section 25 (1) |
| monitoring powers (in sections 6 and 7) | section 6 (5) or 7 (4) (g) (as appropriate) |
| primary legislation | section 25 (1) |
| processing | section 25 (1) |
| providing customer data or business data | section 1 (6) (a) |
| public authority | section 25 (1) |
| receiving customer data or business data | section 1 (6) (b) |
| small business | section 25 (1) |
| specified | section 25 (1) |
| third party recipient | section 25 (1) |
| trader | section 1 (2) |
## Part 2 — Digital verification services
@@ -1178,19 +1178,19 @@
- (1) This Part contains provision to secure the reliability of digital verification services by means of—
- (a) a trust framework (see [section 28](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/28/2025-11-17)),
- (b) supplementary codes (see section [29](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/29/2025-11-17)),
- (c) a register (see [section 32](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/32/2025-11-17)),
- (d) an information gateway (see [section 45](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/45/2025-11-17)), and
- (e) a trust mark (see [section 50](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/50/2025-11-17)).
- (a) a trust framework (see section 28),
- (b) supplementary codes (see section 29),
- (c) a register (see section 32),
- (d) an information gateway (see section 45), and
- (e) a trust mark (see section 50).
- (2) In this Part, “*digital verification services*” means verification services provided to any extent by means of the internet.
- (3) In subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/27/2/2025-11-17), “*verification services*” means services that are provided at the request of an individual and consist in—
- (3) In subsection (2), “*verification services*” means services that are provided at the request of an individual and consist in—
- (a) ascertaining or verifying a fact about the individual from information provided otherwise than by the individual, and
@@ -1212,9 +1212,9 @@
- (b) such other persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate.
- (4) The requirement in [subsection (3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/28/3/2025-11-17) may be satisfied by consultation undertaken before the coming into force of this section.
- (5) The Secretary of State may revise and republish the DVS trust framework (whether following a review under section [31](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/31/2025-11-17) or otherwise).
- (4) The requirement in subsection (3) may be satisfied by consultation undertaken before the coming into force of this section.
- (5) The Secretary of State may revise and republish the DVS trust framework (whether following a review under section 31 or otherwise).
- (6) The DVS trust framework, and any revised version of the framework, must specify the time it comes into force (which must not be a time earlier than the time it is published).
@@ -1226,15 +1226,15 @@
- (c) make transitional or saving provision.
- (8) Where the Secretary of State revises and republishes the DVS trust framework, the DVS trust framework (as revised) may provide that from a date, or from the end of a period, specified in the framework a pre-revision certificate is required to be ignored for the purposes of sections [33](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/33/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/33/1/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/33/1/a/2025-11-17), [35](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/35/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/35/1/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/35/1/c/2025-11-17), [40](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/40/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/40/1/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/40/1/c/2025-11-17) and [42](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/42/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/42/1/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/42/1/c/2025-11-17).
- (9) In subsection [(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/28/8/2025-11-17), a “*pre-revision certificate*” means a certificate which—
- (8) Where the Secretary of State revises and republishes the DVS trust framework, the DVS trust framework (as revised) may provide that from a date, or from the end of a period, specified in the framework a pre-revision certificate is required to be ignored for the purposes of sections 33(1)(a), 35(1)(c), 40(1)(c) and 42(1)(c).
- (9) In subsection (8), a “*pre-revision certificate*” means a certificate which—
- (a) certifies that digital verification services provided by the holder of the certificate are provided in accordance with the DVS trust framework, and
- (b) was issued before the time the relevant revision to the DVS trust framework comes into force.
- (10) Provision included in the DVS trust framework in reliance on subsection [(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/28/8/2025-11-17) may make different provision in relation to different descriptions of pre-revision certificate.
- (10) Provision included in the DVS trust framework in reliance on subsection (8) may make different provision in relation to different descriptions of pre-revision certificate.
#### Supplementary codes
@@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@
- (1) The Secretary of State may prepare and publish one or more sets of rules concerning the provision of digital verification services which supplement the DVS trust framework.
- (2) In this Part, a set of rules published under subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/29/1/2025-11-17) is referred to as a supplementary code.
- (2) In this Part, a set of rules published under subsection (1) is referred to as a supplementary code.
- (3) Those rules may include (among other things) rules relating to, and to the conduct of, a person who provides such services; and in this Part references to a person providing services in accordance with a supplementary code (however expressed) include a person complying with such rules.
@@ -1252,9 +1252,9 @@
- (b) such other persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate.
- (5) The requirement in subsection [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/29/4/2025-11-17) may be satisfied by consultation undertaken before the coming into force of this section.
- (6) The Secretary of State may revise and republish a supplementary code (whether following a review under section [31](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/31/2025-11-17) or otherwise).
- (5) The requirement in subsection (4) may be satisfied by consultation undertaken before the coming into force of this section.
- (6) The Secretary of State may revise and republish a supplementary code (whether following a review under section 31 or otherwise).
- (7) A supplementary code, and any revised version of a supplementary code, must specify the time it comes into force (which must not be a time earlier than the time it is published).
@@ -1266,15 +1266,15 @@
- (c) make transitional or saving provision.
- (9) Where the Secretary of State revises and republishes a supplementary code, the supplementary code (as revised) may provide that from a date, or from the end of a period, specified in the code a pre-revision certificate is required to be ignored for the purposes of sections [36](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/1/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/1/a/2025-11-17), [37](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/37/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/37/1/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/37/1/c/2025-11-17), [43](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/43/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/43/1/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/43/1/c/2025-11-17)and [44](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/44/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/44/1/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/44/1/c/2025-11-17).
- (10) In subsection [(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/29/9/2025-11-17), a “*pre-revision certificate*” means a certificate which—
- (9) Where the Secretary of State revises and republishes a supplementary code, the supplementary code (as revised) may provide that from a date, or from the end of a period, specified in the code a pre-revision certificate is required to be ignored for the purposes of sections 36(1)(a), 37(1)(c), 43(1)(c)and 44(1)(c).
- (10) In subsection (9), a “*pre-revision certificate*” means a certificate which—
- (a) certifies that digital verification services provided by the holder of the certificate are provided in accordance with the supplementary code, and
- (b) was issued before the time the relevant revision to the supplementary code comes into force.
- (11) Provision included in a supplementary code in reliance on subsection [(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/29/9/2025-11-17) may make different provision in relation to different descriptions of pre-revision certificate.
- (11) Provision included in a supplementary code in reliance on subsection (9) may make different provision in relation to different descriptions of pre-revision certificate.
#### Withdrawal of a supplementary code
@@ -1298,7 +1298,7 @@
- (b) at the same time, carry out a review of each supplementary code which has not been withdrawn.
- (2) In carrying out a review under subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/31/1/2025-11-17), the Secretary of State must consult—
- (2) In carrying out a review under subsection (1), the Secretary of State must consult—
- (a) the Information Commissioner, and
@@ -1326,31 +1326,31 @@
- (b) the person applies to be registered in the DVS register in respect of one or more of the digital verification services to which the certificate relates,
- (c) the application complies with any requirements imposed by a determination under [section 38](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/38/2025-11-17), and
- (d) the person complies with any regulations under [section 39](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/39/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/39/1/2025-11-17) requiring a fee to be paid.
- (2) But subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/33/1/2025-11-17) is subject to—
- (a) the power to refuse registration under section [34](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/1/2025-11-17), and
- (b) the duties to refuse registration under sections [34](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/2025-11-17)[(10)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/10/2025-11-17) and [41](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/2025-11-17)[(10)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/10/2025-11-17).
- (3) If the conditions in paragraphs [(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/33/1/a/2025-11-17) to [(d)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/33/1/d/2025-11-17) of subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/33/1/2025-11-17) are not met, the Secretary of State may not register a person in the DVS register.
- (c) the application complies with any requirements imposed by a determination under section 38, and
- (d) the person complies with any regulations under section 39(1) requiring a fee to be paid.
- (2) But subsection (1) is subject to—
- (a) the power to refuse registration under section 34(1), and
- (b) the duties to refuse registration under sections 34(10) and 41(10).
- (3) If the conditions in paragraphs (a) to (d) of subsection (1) are not met, the Secretary of State may not register a person in the DVS register.
- (4) The register must record the digital verification services in respect of which a person is, from time to time, registered.
- (5) For the purposes of [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/33/1/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/33/1/a/2025-11-17), a certificate is to be ignored if—
- (5) For the purposes of subsection (1)(a), a certificate is to be ignored if—
- (a) it has expired in accordance with its terms,
- (b) it has been withdrawn by the body that issued it, or
- (c) it is required to be ignored by reason of provision included in the DVS trust framework under [section 28](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/28/2025-11-17)[(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/28/8/2025-11-17).
- (c) it is required to be ignored by reason of provision included in the DVS trust framework under section 28(8).
- (6) In this Part, “*accredited conformity assessment body*” means a conformity assessment body that is accredited by the UK national accreditation body in accordance with Article 5 of the Accreditation Regulation as competent to carry out assessments of whether digital verification services are provided in accordance with the DVS trust framework.
- (7) In subsection [(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/33/6/2025-11-17)—
- (7) In subsection (6)—
- “*the Accreditation Regulation*” means Regulation [(EC) No 765/2008](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2008/0765) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July 2008 setting out the requirements for accreditation and market surveillance relating to the marketing of products and repealing Regulation [(EEC) No 339/93](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/1993/0339);
@@ -1378,23 +1378,23 @@
- (i) considers that it is necessary to refuse to register the person in the interests of national security, or
- (ii) is satisfied that the person is failing as mentioned in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/1/2025-11-17)[(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/1/b/2025-11-17),
- (c) state whether the Secretary of State intends to specify a period in the notice under subsection [(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/8/2025-11-17) and, if so, what period is intended to be specified,
- (ii) is satisfied that the person is failing as mentioned in subsection (1)(b),
- (c) state whether the Secretary of State intends to specify a period in the notice under subsection (8) and, if so, what period is intended to be specified,
- (d) state that the person may make written representations to the Secretary of State about—
- (i) the Secretary of State’s intention to refuse to register the person in the DVS register, and
- (ii) where relevant, the period the Secretary of State intends to specify in the notice under subsection [(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/8/2025-11-17), and
- (ii) where relevant, the period the Secretary of State intends to specify in the notice under subsection (8), and
- (e) specify the period within which such representations may be made.
- (4) Where the Secretary of State intends to refuse to register a person in reliance on subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/1/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/1/a/2025-11-17), the requirement in subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/3/2025-11-17)[(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/3/b/2025-11-17) does not apply if, or to the extent that, the Secretary of State considers that stating the reason described in subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/3/2025-11-17)[(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/3/b/2025-11-17)[(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/3/b/i/2025-11-17) would be contrary to the interests of national security.
- (4) Where the Secretary of State intends to refuse to register a person in reliance on subsection (1)(a), the requirement in subsection (3)(b) does not apply if, or to the extent that, the Secretary of State considers that stating the reason described in subsection (3)(b)(i) would be contrary to the interests of national security.
- (5) The period specified for making written representations must be a period of not less than 21 days beginning with the day on which the notice is given.
- (6) If the Secretary of State considers that it is appropriate for the person to have an opportunity to make oral representations about the matters mentioned in subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/3/2025-11-17)[(d)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/3/d/2025-11-17), the notice must also—
- (6) If the Secretary of State considers that it is appropriate for the person to have an opportunity to make oral representations about the matters mentioned in subsection (3)(d), the notice must also—
- (a) state that the person may make such representations, and
@@ -1404,17 +1404,17 @@
- (8) Where the Secretary of State refuses to register the person in the DVS register under this section, the Secretary of State must by written notice inform the person that the person’s application for registration has been refused.
- (9) The Secretary of State may, in the notice given under subsection [(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/8/2025-11-17), state that any further application for registration made by the person during a period specified in the notice will be refused.
- (10) If the person applies to be registered in the DVS register during the period specified in the notice in reliance on subsection [(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/9/2025-11-17), the Secretary of State must refuse the application.
- (11) The period specified in the notice in reliance on subsection [(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34/9/2025-11-17) must begin with the day on which the notice is given and must not exceed two years.
- (9) The Secretary of State may, in the notice given under subsection (8), state that any further application for registration made by the person during a period specified in the notice will be refused.
- (10) If the person applies to be registered in the DVS register during the period specified in the notice in reliance on subsection (9), the Secretary of State must refuse the application.
- (11) The period specified in the notice in reliance on subsection (9) must begin with the day on which the notice is given and must not exceed two years.
#### Registration of additional services
##### 35
- (1) Subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/35/2/2025-11-17) applies if—
- (1) Subsection (2) applies if—
- (a) a person is registered in the DVS register,
@@ -1422,57 +1422,57 @@
- (c) the person holds a certificate from an accredited conformity assessment body certifying that the person provides the additional services in accordance with the DVS trust framework,
- (d) the application complies with any requirements imposed by a determination under section [38](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/38/2025-11-17), and
- (e) the person complies with any regulations under section [39](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/39/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/39/1/2025-11-17) requiring a fee to be paid.
- (2) The Secretary of State must amend the DVS register to record that the person is also registered in respect of the additional services referred to in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/35/1/2025-11-17).
- (3) If the conditions in paragraphs [(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/35/1/a/2025-11-17) to [(e)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/35/1/e/2025-11-17) of subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/35/1/2025-11-17) are not met, the Secretary of State may not amend the DVS register as described in subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/35/2/2025-11-17).
- (4) For the purposes of subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/35/1/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/35/1/c/2025-11-17), a certificate is to be ignored if—
- (d) the application complies with any requirements imposed by a determination under section 38, and
- (e) the person complies with any regulations under section 39(1) requiring a fee to be paid.
- (2) The Secretary of State must amend the DVS register to record that the person is also registered in respect of the additional services referred to in subsection (1).
- (3) If the conditions in paragraphs (a) to (e) of subsection (1) are not met, the Secretary of State may not amend the DVS register as described in subsection (2).
- (4) For the purposes of subsection (1)(c), a certificate is to be ignored if—
- (a) it has expired in accordance with its terms,
- (b) it has been withdrawn by the body that issued it, or
- (c) it is required to be ignored by reason of provision included in the DVS trust framework under section [28](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/28/2025-11-17)[(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/28/8/2025-11-17).
- (c) it is required to be ignored by reason of provision included in the DVS trust framework under section 28(8).
#### Supplementary notes
##### 36
- (1) Subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/2/2025-11-17) applies if—
- (1) Subsection (2) applies if—
- (a) a person holds a certificate from an accredited conformity assessment body certifying that digital verification services provided by the person are provided in accordance with a supplementary code,
- (b) the person applies for a note about one or more of the services to which the certificate relates to be included in the entry relating to that person in the DVS register,
- (c) the application complies with any requirements imposed by a determination under section [38](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/38/2025-11-17), and
- (d) the person complies with any regulations under section [39](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/39/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/39/1/2025-11-17) requiring a fee to be paid.
- (2) The Secretary of State must include a note in the entry relating to the person in the DVS register recording that the person provides, in accordance with the supplementary code referred to in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/1/2025-11-17), the services in respect of which the person made the application referred to in that subsection.
- (3) But subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/2/2025-11-17) does not apply if the supplementary code referred to in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/1/2025-11-17) has been withdrawn.
- (4) If the conditions in paragraphs [(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/1/a/2025-11-17) to [(d)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/1/d/2025-11-17) of subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/1/2025-11-17) are not met, the Secretary of State may not include a note described in subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/2/2025-11-17) in the DVS register.
- (5) For the purposes of subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/1/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/1/a/2025-11-17), a certificate is to be ignored if—
- (c) the application complies with any requirements imposed by a determination under section 38, and
- (d) the person complies with any regulations under section 39(1) requiring a fee to be paid.
- (2) The Secretary of State must include a note in the entry relating to the person in the DVS register recording that the person provides, in accordance with the supplementary code referred to in subsection (1), the services in respect of which the person made the application referred to in that subsection.
- (3) But subsection (2) does not apply if the supplementary code referred to in subsection (1) has been withdrawn.
- (4) If the conditions in paragraphs (a) to (d) of subsection (1) are not met, the Secretary of State may not include a note described in subsection (2) in the DVS register.
- (5) For the purposes of subsection (1)(a), a certificate is to be ignored if—
- (a) it has expired in accordance with its terms,
- (b) it has been withdrawn by the body that issued it, or
- (c) it is required to be ignored by reason of provision included in the supplementary code as a result of section [29](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/29/2025-11-17)[(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/29/9/2025-11-17).
- (6) In this Part, a note included in the DVS register in accordance with subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/2/2025-11-17) is referred to as a supplementary note.
- (c) it is required to be ignored by reason of provision included in the supplementary code as a result of section 29(9).
- (6) In this Part, a note included in the DVS register in accordance with subsection (2) is referred to as a supplementary note.
#### Addition of services to supplementary notes
##### 37
- (1) Subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/37/2/2025-11-17) applies if—
- (1) Subsection (2) applies if—
- (a) a person has a supplementary note included in the DVS register relating to a supplementary code,
@@ -1480,23 +1480,23 @@
- (c) the person holds a certificate from an accredited conformity assessment body certifying that the person provides the additional services in accordance with that code,
- (d) the application complies with any requirements imposed by a determination under section [38](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/38/2025-11-17), and
- (e) the person complies with any regulations under section [39](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/39/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/39/1/2025-11-17) requiring a fee to be paid.
- (2) The Secretary of State must amend the note to record that the person also provides the additional services referred to in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/37/1/2025-11-17) in accordance with the supplementary code to which the note relates.
- (3) But subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/37/2/2025-11-17) does not apply if the supplementary code to which the note relates has been withdrawn.
- (4) If the conditions in paragraphs [(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/37/1/a/2025-11-17) to [(e)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/37/1/e/2025-11-17) of subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/37/1/2025-11-17) are not met, the Secretary of State may not amend the note as described in subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/37/2/2025-11-17).
- (5) For the purposes of subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/37/1/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/37/1/c/2025-11-17), a certificate is to be ignored if—
- (d) the application complies with any requirements imposed by a determination under section 38, and
- (e) the person complies with any regulations under section 39(1) requiring a fee to be paid.
- (2) The Secretary of State must amend the note to record that the person also provides the additional services referred to in subsection (1) in accordance with the supplementary code to which the note relates.
- (3) But subsection (2) does not apply if the supplementary code to which the note relates has been withdrawn.
- (4) If the conditions in paragraphs (a) to (e) of subsection (1) are not met, the Secretary of State may not amend the note as described in subsection (2).
- (5) For the purposes of subsection (1)(c), a certificate is to be ignored if—
- (a) it has expired in accordance with its terms,
- (b) it has been withdrawn by the body that issued it, or
- (c) it is required to be ignored by reason of provision included in the supplementary code as a result of section [29](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/29/2025-11-17)[(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/29/9/2025-11-17).
- (c) it is required to be ignored by reason of provision included in the supplementary code as a result of section 29(9).
#### Applications for registration, supplementary notes, etc
@@ -1504,7 +1504,7 @@
- (1) The Secretary of State may determine—
- (a) the form of an application under section [33](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/33/2025-11-17), [35](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/35/2025-11-17), [36](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/2025-11-17) or [37](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/37/2025-11-17),
- (a) the form of an application under section 33, 35, 36 or 37,
- (b) the information to be contained in or provided with the application,
@@ -1526,7 +1526,7 @@
- (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision for or in connection with—
- (a) the payment of fees for applications under sections [33](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/33/2025-11-17), [35](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/35/2025-11-17), [36](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/2025-11-17) and [37](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/37/2025-11-17), and
- (a) the payment of fees for applications under sections 33, 35, 36 and 37, and
- (b) the payment of fees in connection with continued registration in the DVS register.
@@ -1540,7 +1540,7 @@
- (4) The regulations may provide for the amount of a fee to exceed the administrative costs of determining the application or the administrative costs associated with the continued registration (as the case may be).
- (5) Regulations under subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/39/1/2025-11-17) may (among other things) make provision about the following—
- (5) Regulations under subsection (1) may (among other things) make provision about the following—
- (a) when fees are to be paid;
@@ -1554,9 +1554,9 @@
- (f) interest on any unpaid amounts,
including provision conferring functions on the Secretary of State in relation to the matters in paragraphs [(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/39/5/a/2025-11-17) to [(e)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/39/5/e/2025-11-17).
- (6) A fee payable under regulations made under subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/39/1/2025-11-17)[(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/39/1/b/2025-11-17), and any interest payable in respect of it, is recoverable summarily (or, in Scotland, recoverable) as a civil debt.
including provision conferring functions on the Secretary of State in relation to the matters in paragraphs (a) to (e).
- (6) A fee payable under regulations made under subsection (1)(b), and any interest payable in respect of it, is recoverable summarily (or, in Scotland, recoverable) as a civil debt.
- (7) The regulations may—
@@ -1578,13 +1578,13 @@
- (c) no longer holds a certificate from an accredited conformity assessment body certifying that at least one of those digital verification services is provided in accordance with the DVS trust framework.
- (2) For the purposes of [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/40/1/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/40/1/c/2025-11-17), a certificate is to be ignored if—
- (2) For the purposes of subsection (1)(c), a certificate is to be ignored if—
- (a) it has expired in accordance with its terms,
- (b) it has been withdrawn by the body that issued it, or
- (c) it is required to be ignored by reason of provision included in the DVS trust framework under section [28](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/28/2025-11-17)[(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/28/8/2025-11-17).
- (c) it is required to be ignored by reason of provision included in the DVS trust framework under section 28(8).
#### Power to remove person from the DVS register
@@ -1596,7 +1596,7 @@
- (b) the person has a supplementary note included in the DVS register and the Secretary of State is satisfied that the person is failing to comply with the supplementary code to which the note relates when providing one or more of the digital verification services recorded in the note,
- (c) the Secretary of State is satisfied that the person has failed to provide the Secretary of State with information in accordance with a notice under section [51](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/51/2025-11-17), or
- (c) the Secretary of State is satisfied that the person has failed to provide the Secretary of State with information in accordance with a notice under section 51, or
- (d) the Secretary of State considers that it is necessary to do so in the interests of national security.
@@ -1608,25 +1608,25 @@
- (b) state the reason why the Secretary of State—
- (i) is satisfied that the person is failing or has failed as mentioned in [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/1/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/1/a/2025-11-17) to [(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/1/c/2025-11-17), or
- (i) is satisfied that the person is failing or has failed as mentioned in subsection (1)(a) to (c), or
- (ii) considers that it is necessary to remove the person from the DVS register in the interests of national security,
- (c) state whether the Secretary of State intends to specify a period in the notice under [subsection (8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/8/2025-11-17) and, if so, what period is intended to be specified,
- (c) state whether the Secretary of State intends to specify a period in the notice under subsection (8) and, if so, what period is intended to be specified,
- (d) state that the person may make written representations to the Secretary of State about—
- (i) the Secretary of State’s intention to remove the person from the DVS register, and
- (ii) where relevant, the period the Secretary of State intends to specify in the notice under [subsection (8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/8/2025-11-17), and
- (ii) where relevant, the period the Secretary of State intends to specify in the notice under subsection (8), and
- (e) specify the period within which such representations may be made.
- (4) The requirement in subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/3/2025-11-17)[(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/3/b/2025-11-17) does not apply if, or to the extent that, the Secretary of State considers that stating the reason described in subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/3/2025-11-17)[(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/3/b/2025-11-17)[(ii)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/3/b/ii/2025-11-17) would be contrary to the interests of national security.
- (4) The requirement in subsection (3)(b) does not apply if, or to the extent that, the Secretary of State considers that stating the reason described in subsection (3)(b)(ii) would be contrary to the interests of national security.
- (5) The period specified for making written representations must be a period of not less than 21 days beginning with the day on which the notice is given.
- (6) If the Secretary of State considers that it is appropriate for the person to have an opportunity to make oral representations about the matters mentioned in [subsection (3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/3/2025-11-17)[(d)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/3/d/2025-11-17), the notice must also—
- (6) If the Secretary of State considers that it is appropriate for the person to have an opportunity to make oral representations about the matters mentioned in subsection (3)(d), the notice must also—
- (a) state that the person may make such representations, and
@@ -1636,17 +1636,17 @@
- (8) Where the Secretary of State removes the person from the DVS register under this section, the Secretary of State must by written notice inform the person of that.
- (9) The Secretary of State may, in the notice given under subsection [(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/8/2025-11-17), state that any application for re-registration made by the person during a period specified in the notice will be refused.
- (10) If the person applies to be re-registered during the period specified in the notice in reliance on subsection [(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/9/2025-11-17), the Secretary of State must refuse the application.
- (11) The period specified in the notice in reliance on subsection [(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/9/2025-11-17) must begin with the day on which the notice is given and must not exceed two years.
- (9) The Secretary of State may, in the notice given under subsection (8), state that any application for re-registration made by the person during a period specified in the notice will be refused.
- (10) If the person applies to be re-registered during the period specified in the notice in reliance on subsection (9), the Secretary of State must refuse the application.
- (11) The period specified in the notice in reliance on subsection (9) must begin with the day on which the notice is given and must not exceed two years.
#### Duty to remove services from the DVS register
##### 42
- (1) Where a person is registered in the DVS register in respect of digital verification services, subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/42/2/2025-11-17) applies if the person—
- (1) Where a person is registered in the DVS register in respect of digital verification services, subsection (2) applies if the person—
- (a) asks for the register to be amended so that the person is no longer registered in respect of one or more of those services,
@@ -1656,19 +1656,19 @@
- (2) The Secretary of State must amend the register to record that the person is no longer registered in respect of (as the case may be)—
- (a) the service or services mentioned in a request described in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/42/1/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/42/1/a/2025-11-17),
- (a) the service or services mentioned in a request described in subsection (1)(a),
- (b) the service or services which the person has ceased to provide, or
- (c) the service or services for which there is no longer a certificate as described in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/42/1/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/42/1/c/2025-11-17).
- (3) For the purposes of subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/42/1/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/42/1/c/2025-11-17), a certificate is to be ignored if—
- (c) the service or services for which there is no longer a certificate as described in subsection (1)(c).
- (3) For the purposes of subsection (1)(c), a certificate is to be ignored if—
- (a) it has expired in accordance with its terms,
- (b) it has been withdrawn by the body that issued it, or
- (c) it is required to be ignored by reason of provision included in the DVS trust framework under section [28](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/28/2025-11-17)[(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/28/8/2025-11-17).
- (c) it is required to be ignored by reason of provision included in the DVS trust framework under section 28(8).
#### Duty to remove supplementary notes from the DVS register
@@ -1684,19 +1684,19 @@
- (d) the supplementary code to which the note relates has been withdrawn.
- (2) For the purposes of subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/43/1/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/43/1/c/2025-11-17), a certificate is to be ignored if—
- (2) For the purposes of subsection (1)(c), a certificate is to be ignored if—
- (a) it has expired in accordance with its terms,
- (b) it has been withdrawn by the body that issued it, or
- (c) it is required to be ignored by reason of provision included in the supplementary code as a result of section [29](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/29/2025-11-17)[(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/29/9/2025-11-17).
- (c) it is required to be ignored by reason of provision included in the supplementary code as a result of section 29(9).
#### Duty to remove services from supplementary notes
##### 44
- (1) Where a person has a supplementary note included in their entry in the DVS register in respect of digital verification services, subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/44/2/2025-11-17) applies if the person—
- (1) Where a person has a supplementary note included in their entry in the DVS register in respect of digital verification services, subsection (2) applies if the person—
- (a) asks for the note to be amended so that it no longer records one or more of those services,
@@ -1706,19 +1706,19 @@
- (2) The Secretary of State must amend the supplementary note so it no longer records (as the case may be)—
- (a) the service or services mentioned in a request described in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/42/1/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/42/1/a/2025-11-17),
- (a) the service or services mentioned in a request described in subsection (1)(a),
- (b) the service or services which the person has ceased to provide, or
- (c) the service or services for which there is no longer a certificate as described in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/42/1/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/42/1/c/2025-11-17).
- (3) For the purposes of [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/40/1/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/40/1/c/2025-11-17), a certificate is to be ignored if—
- (c) the service or services for which there is no longer a certificate as described in subsection (1)(c).
- (3) For the purposes of subsection (1)(c), a certificate is to be ignored if—
- (a) it has expired in accordance with its terms,
- (b) it has been withdrawn by the body that issued it, or
- (c) it is required to be ignored by reason of provision included in the supplementary code as a result of section [29](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/29/2025-11-17)[(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/29/9/2025-11-17).
- (c) it is required to be ignored by reason of provision included in the supplementary code as a result of section 29(9).
### Information gateway
@@ -1756,13 +1756,13 @@
- “*the data protection legislation*” has the same meaning as in the Data Protection Act 2018 (see section 3(9) of that Act);
- “*public authority*” means a person whose functions— are of a public nature, or include functions of that nature.
- “*public authority*” means a person whose functions—are of a public nature, orinclude functions of that nature.
#### Information disclosed by the Revenue and Customs
##### 46
- (1) This section applies where the Revenue and Customs disclose personal information to a person under [section 45](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/45/2025-11-17) for the purpose of enabling the person to provide digital verification services for an individual.
- (1) This section applies where the Revenue and Customs disclose personal information to a person under section 45 for the purpose of enabling the person to provide digital verification services for an individual.
- (2) The person must not further disclose the information otherwise than for the purpose of providing digital verification services for the individual, except with the consent of the Commissioners for His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs.
@@ -1772,7 +1772,7 @@
- (5) In this section—
- “*personal information*” means information relating to a person whose identity— is specified in the information, or can be deduced from it;
- “*personal information*” means information relating to a person whose identity—is specified in the information, orcan be deduced from it;
- “*the Revenue and Customs*” has the meaning given by section 17(3) of the Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005.
@@ -1780,21 +1780,21 @@
##### 47
- (1) This section applies where the Welsh Revenue Authority discloses personal information to a person under section [45](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/45/2025-11-17) for the purpose of enabling the person to provide digital verification services for an individual.
- (1) This section applies where the Welsh Revenue Authority discloses personal information to a person under section 45 for the purpose of enabling the person to provide digital verification services for an individual.
- (2) The person must not further disclose the information otherwise than for the purpose of providing digital verification services for the individual, except with the consent of the Welsh Revenue Authority.
- (3) Any other person who receives the information, whether directly or indirectly from the person to whom the Welsh Revenue Authority discloses the information, must not further disclose the information, except with the consent of the Welsh Revenue Authority.
- (4) A person who discloses information in contravention of subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/47/2/2025-11-17) or [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/47/3/2025-11-17) commits an offence.
- (5) It is a defence for a person charged with an offence under subsection [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/47/4/2025-11-17) to prove that the person reasonably believed—
- (4) A person who discloses information in contravention of subsection (2) or (3) commits an offence.
- (5) It is a defence for a person charged with an offence under subsection (4) to prove that the person reasonably believed—
- (a) that the disclosure was lawful, or
- (b) that the information had already lawfully been made available to the public.
- (6) A person who commits an offence under subsection [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/47/4/2025-11-17) is liable—
- (6) A person who commits an offence under subsection (4) is liable—
- (a) on summary conviction in England and Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);
@@ -1814,21 +1814,21 @@
##### 48
- (1) This section applies where Revenue Scotland discloses personal information to a person under section [45](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/45/2025-11-17) for the purpose of enabling the person to provide digital verification services for an individual.
- (1) This section applies where Revenue Scotland discloses personal information to a person under section 45 for the purpose of enabling the person to provide digital verification services for an individual.
- (2) The person must not further disclose the information otherwise than for the purpose of providing digital verification services for the individual, except with the consent of Revenue Scotland.
- (3) Any other person who receives the information, whether directly or indirectly from the person to whom Revenue Scotland discloses the information, must not further disclose the information, except with the consent of Revenue Scotland.
- (4) A person who discloses information in contravention of subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/48/2/2025-11-17) or [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/48/3/2025-11-17) commits an offence.
- (5) It is a defence for a person charged with an offence under subsection [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/48/4/2025-11-17) to prove that the person reasonably believed—
- (4) A person who discloses information in contravention of subsection (2) or (3) commits an offence.
- (5) It is a defence for a person charged with an offence under subsection (4) to prove that the person reasonably believed—
- (a) that the disclosure was lawful, or
- (b) that the information had already lawfully been made available to the public.
- (6) A person who commits an offence under subsection [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/48/4/2025-11-17) is liable—
- (6) A person who commits an offence under subsection (4) is liable—
- (a) on summary conviction in England and Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);
@@ -1848,11 +1848,11 @@
##### 49
- (1) The Secretary of State must prepare and publish a code of practice about the disclosure of information under section [45](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/45/2025-11-17).
- (1) The Secretary of State must prepare and publish a code of practice about the disclosure of information under section 45.
- (2) The code of practice must be consistent with the code of practice prepared under section 121 of the Data Protection Act 2018 (data-sharing code) and issued under section 125(4) of that Act (as altered or replaced from time to time).
- (3) A public authority must have regard to the code of practice in disclosing information under section [45](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/45/2025-11-17).
- (3) A public authority must have regard to the code of practice in disclosing information under section 45.
- (4) The Secretary of State may from time to time revise and republish the code of practice.
@@ -1868,7 +1868,7 @@
- (e) such other persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate.
- (6) The requirement in [subsection (5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/49/5/2025-11-17) may be satisfied by consultation undertaken before the coming into force of this section.
- (6) The requirement in subsection (5) may be satisfied by consultation undertaken before the coming into force of this section.
- (7) The Secretary of State may not publish the first version of the code of practice unless a draft of the code has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.
@@ -1904,7 +1904,7 @@
- (3) A mark designated under this section may not be used by a person in the course of providing, or offering to provide, digital verification services unless the person is registered in the DVS register in respect of those digital verification services.
- (4) The Secretary of State may enforce [subsection (3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/50/3/2025-11-17) in civil proceedings for an injunction or, in Scotland, an interdict.
- (4) The Secretary of State may enforce subsection (3) in civil proceedings for an injunction or, in Scotland, an interdict.
### Supplementary
@@ -1932,7 +1932,7 @@
- (d) may specify the place where the information must be provided.
- (4) A notice under this section that is given to a person registered in the DVS register must provide information about the consequences under [section 41](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41/2025-11-17) of failure to comply with the notice.
- (4) A notice under this section that is given to a person registered in the DVS register must provide information about the consequences under section 41 of failure to comply with the notice.
- (5) The Secretary of State may cancel a notice under this section by notice to the person to whom it was given.
@@ -1944,7 +1944,7 @@
- (7) But a notice under this section does not require a disclosure of information if the disclosure—
- (a) would contravene [section 46](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/46/2025-11-17), [47](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/47/2025-11-17) or [48](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/48/2025-11-17),
- (a) would contravene section 46, 47 or 48,
- (b) would contravene the data protection legislation (but in determining whether a disclosure would do so, the duty imposed by the notice is to be taken into account), or
@@ -1956,11 +1956,11 @@
- (b) in connection with the giving of legal advice to the client with respect to obligations, liabilities or rights under this Part.
- (9) In [subsection (8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/51/8/2025-11-17), references to the client of a professional legal adviser include references to a person acting on behalf of the client.
- (9) In subsection (8), references to the client of a professional legal adviser include references to a person acting on behalf of the client.
- (10) A notice under this section does not require a person to provide the Secretary of State with information if doing so would, by revealing evidence of the commission of an offence, expose the person to proceedings for that offence.
- (11) The reference to an offence in [subsection (10)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/51/10/2025-11-17) does not include an offence under—
- (11) The reference to an offence in subsection (10) does not include an offence under—
- (a) section 5 of the Perjury Act 1911 (false statements made otherwise than on oath);
@@ -1984,7 +1984,7 @@
- (3) Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative resolution procedure.
- (4) In this section, “*relevant function*” means a function of the Secretary of State conferred by or under this Part (including the function of charging or recovering fees under regulations under section [39](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/39/2025-11-17)) other than a power to make regulations.
- (4) In this section, “*relevant function*” means a function of the Secretary of State conferred by or under this Part (including the function of charging or recovering fees under regulations under section 39) other than a power to make regulations.
- (5) If a person exercises the function of charging or recovering fees by virtue of arrangements under this section, the person must pay the fees to the Secretary of State, except to the extent that the Secretary of State directs otherwise.
@@ -1994,7 +1994,7 @@
- (1) The Secretary of State must prepare and publish reports on the operation of this Part.
- (2) The first report must be published within the period of 12 months beginning with the day on which [section 28](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/28/2025-11-17) comes into force.
- (2) The first report must be published within the period of 12 months beginning with the day on which section 28 comes into force.
- (3) The reports must be published not more than 12 months apart.
@@ -2006,12 +2006,12 @@
| *Term* | *Provision* |
| --- | --- |
| accredited conformity assessment body | section [33](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/33/2025-11-17) [(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/33/6/2025-11-17) |
| digital verification services | section [27](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/27/2025-11-17) [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/27/2/2025-11-17) |
| the DVS register | section [32](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/32/2025-11-17) [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/32/2/2025-11-17) |
| the DVS trust framework | section [28](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/28/2025-11-17) [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/28/1/2025-11-17) |
| supplementary code | section [29](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/29/2025-11-17) [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/29/2/2025-11-17) |
| supplementary note | section [36](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/2025-11-17) [(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/6/2025-11-17) |
| accredited conformity assessment body | section 33 (6) |
| digital verification services | section 27 (2) |
| the DVS register | section 32 (2) |
| the DVS trust framework | section 28 (1) |
| supplementary code | section 29 (2) |
| supplementary note | section 36 (6) |
#### Powers relating to verification of identity or status
@@ -2024,7 +2024,7 @@
> (b) specify a document which was provided to such a person in order to generate such a document;
> (c) specify steps involving the use of services provided by such a person.
> (9) In subsection (8), “*DVS-registered person*” means a person who is registered in the DVS register maintained under Part 2 of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (“*the DVS register*”).
> (10) An order under subsection (3) which specifies a description of DVS-registered person may do so by, for example, describing a DVS-registered person whose entry in the DVS register includes a note relating to specified services (see section [36](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/2025-11-17) of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025).
> (10) An order under subsection (3) which specifies a description of DVS-registered person may do so by, for example, describing a DVS-registered person whose entry in the DVS register includes a note relating to specified services (see section 36 of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025).
- (2) In section 34 of the Immigration Act 2014 (requirements which may be prescribed for the purposes of provisions about occupying premises under a residential tenancy agreement)—
@@ -2042,7 +2042,7 @@
> (a) prescribe a document generated by a DVS-registered person or a DVS-registered person of a prescribed description;
> (b) prescribe a document which was provided to such a person in order to generate such a document.
> (1B) In subsections (1) and (1A), “*DVS-registered person*” means a person who is registered in the DVS register maintained under Part 2 of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (“*the DVS register*”).
> (1C) An order prescribing requirements for the purposes of this Chapter which prescribes a description of DVS-registered person may do so by, for example, describing a DVS-registered person whose entry in the DVS register includes a note relating to prescribed services (see section [36](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/2025-11-17) of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025).
> (1C) An order prescribing requirements for the purposes of this Chapter which prescribes a description of DVS-registered person may do so by, for example, describing a DVS-registered person whose entry in the DVS register includes a note relating to prescribed services (see section 36 of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025).
- (3) In Schedule 6 to the Immigration Act 2016 (illegal working compliance orders etc), after paragraph 5 insert—
@@ -2052,7 +2052,7 @@
> (b) prescribe documents generated by such a person;
> (c) prescribe documents which were provided to such a person in order to generate such documents.
> (2) In sub-paragraph (1), “*DVS-registered person*” means a person who is registered in the DVS register maintained under Part 2 of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (“*the DVS register*”).
> (3) Regulations under paragraph 5(6)(b) or (c) which prescribe a description of DVS-registered person may do so by, for example, describing a DVS-registered person whose entry in the DVS register includes a note relating to prescribed services (see section [36](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36/2025-11-17) of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025).
> (3) Regulations under paragraph 5(6)(b) or (c) which prescribe a description of DVS-registered person may do so by, for example, describing a DVS-registered person whose entry in the DVS register includes a note relating to prescribed services (see section 36 of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025).
## Part 3 — National Underground Asset Register
@@ -2067,23 +2067,23 @@
> (2) The register is to be known as the National Underground Asset Register (and is referred to in this Act as “*NUAR*”).
> (3) NUAR must be kept in such form and manner as may be prescribed.
> (4) The Secretary of State must make arrangements so as to enable any person who is required, by a provision of this Act, to enter information into NUAR to have access to NUAR for that purpose.
> (5) Regulations under [subsection (3)](#p05435) are subject to the negative procedure.
> (6) The obligations of the Secretary of State under subsection [(1)](#p05427) and under Article [45A](#p06391)[(1)](#p06393) of the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210) (keeping of register of information relating to apparatus in streets in Northern Ireland) may be discharged by the keeping of a single register in relation to England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
> (5) Regulations under subsection (3) are subject to the negative procedure.
> (6) The obligations of the Secretary of State under subsection (1) and under Article 45A(1) of the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210) (keeping of register of information relating to apparatus in streets in Northern Ireland) may be discharged by the keeping of a single register in relation to England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
> (106B)
> (1) Before the end of the initial upload period an undertaker having apparatus in a street must enter into NUAR—
> (a) all information that is included in the undertaker’s records under section 79(1) on the archive upload date, and
> (b) any other information of a prescribed description that is held by the undertaker on that date.
> (2) The duty under [subsection (1)](#p05458) does not apply in such cases as may be prescribed.
> (3) Information must be entered into NUAR under [subsection (1)](#p05458) in such form and manner as may be prescribed.
> (2) The duty under subsection (1) does not apply in such cases as may be prescribed.
> (3) Information must be entered into NUAR under subsection (1) in such form and manner as may be prescribed.
> (4) An undertaker who fails to comply with a duty placed on the undertaker under this section—
> (a) commits an offence, and
> (b) is liable to compensate any person in respect of damage or loss incurred by the person in consequence of the failure.
> (5) A person who commits an offence under [subsection (4)](#p05480)[(a)](#p05483) is liable on summary conviction to a fine.
> (5) A person who commits an offence under subsection (4)(a) is liable on summary conviction to a fine.
> (6) In criminal or civil proceedings against an undertaker arising out of a failure to comply with a duty under this section, it is a defence for the undertaker to show that all reasonable care was taken to secure that no such failure occurred by—
> (a) the undertaker and the undertaker’s employees, and
> (b) any contractor of the undertaker and the contractor’s employees.
> (7) Section 95 applies in relation to an offence under this section as it applies in relation to an offence under Part 3.
> (8) For the purposes of [subsection (1)](#p05458) the Secretary of State must by regulations—
> (8) For the purposes of subsection (1) the Secretary of State must by regulations—
> (a) specify a date as “the archive upload date”, and
> (b) specify a period beginning with that date as the “initial upload period”.
> (9) Regulations under this section are subject to the negative procedure.
@@ -2101,7 +2101,7 @@
> (i) make provision for information to be made available for free or for a fee;
> (j) make provision about the amounts of the fees, including provision for the amount of a fee to be an amount which is intended to exceed the cost of the things in respect of which the fee is charged;
> (k) make provision about how funds raised by means of fees must or may be used, including provision for funds to be paid to persons who are required, by a provision of this Act, to enter information into NUAR.
> (3) Except as otherwise prescribed and subject to [section 106I](#p05927), processing of information by the Secretary of State in exercise of functions conferred by or under [section 106A](#p05425) or this section does not breach—
> (3) Except as otherwise prescribed and subject to section 106I, processing of information by the Secretary of State in exercise of functions conferred by or under section 106A or this section does not breach—
> (a) an obligation of confidence owed by the Secretary of State, or
> (b) any other restriction on the processing of information (however imposed).
> (4) Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative procedure.
@@ -2109,11 +2109,11 @@
> - “*database right*” has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations 1997 ([S.I. 1997/3032](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/3032));
> - “*non-Crown IP right*” means any copyright, database right or other intellectual property right which is not owned by the Crown.
> (106D)
> (1) The Secretary of State must produce guidance for persons described in subsection [(2)](#p05624) about how to protect information kept in, or obtained from, NUAR.
> (1) The Secretary of State must produce guidance for persons described in subsection (2) about how to protect information kept in, or obtained from, NUAR.
> (2) The persons are persons who, pursuant to regulations made under section 106C, are able to access information kept in NUAR.
> (3) The Secretary of State may revise or replace the guidance.
> (4) The Secretary of State must publish the guidance (and any revised or replacement guidance) in such manner as the Secretary of State considers appropriate for bringing it to the attention of persons described in subsection [(2)](#p05624).
> (5) The same guidance may discharge the obligations of the Secretary of State under this section and under Article [45D](#p06570) of the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210).
> (4) The Secretary of State must publish the guidance (and any revised or replacement guidance) in such manner as the Secretary of State considers appropriate for bringing it to the attention of persons described in subsection (2).
> (5) The same guidance may discharge the obligations of the Secretary of State under this section and under Article 45D of the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210).
> (106E)
> (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision requiring undertakers having apparatus in a street to pay fees to the Secretary of State for or in connection with the exercise by the Secretary of State of any function conferred by or under this Part.
> (2) The regulations may—
@@ -2125,35 +2125,35 @@
> (b) the Secretary of State must—
> (i) publish the statement, and
> (ii) lay it before Parliament.
> (5) Regulations under [subsection (1)](#p05647) may make provision about—
> (5) Regulations under subsection (1) may make provision about—
> (a) when a fee is to be paid;
> (b) the manner in which a fee is to be paid;
> (c) the payment of discounted fees;
> (d) exceptions to requirements to pay fees;
> (e) the refund of all or part of a fee which has been paid.
> (6) Before making regulations under [subsection (1)](#p05647), the Secretary of State must consult—
> (6) Before making regulations under subsection (1), the Secretary of State must consult—
> (a) such representatives of persons likely to be affected by the regulations as the Secretary of State considers appropriate, and
> (b) such other persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate.
> (7) Subject to the following provisions of this section regulations under [subsection (1)](#p05647) are subject to the affirmative procedure.
> (8) Regulations under [subsection (1)](#p05647) that only make provision of a kind mentioned in [subsection (2)](#p05651) are subject to the negative procedure.
> (9) But the first regulations under [subsection (1)](#p05647) that make provision of a kind mentioned in [subsection (2)](#p05651) are subject to the affirmative procedure.
> (7) Subject to the following provisions of this section regulations under subsection (1) are subject to the affirmative procedure.
> (8) Regulations under subsection (1) that only make provision of a kind mentioned in subsection (2) are subject to the negative procedure.
> (9) But the first regulations under subsection (1) that make provision of a kind mentioned in subsection (2) are subject to the affirmative procedure.
> (10) In this section—
> - “*combined NUAR expenses*” means the sum of— expenses incurred by the Secretary of State in, or in connection with, exercising functions conferred by or under this Part (including expenses not directly connected with the keeping of NUAR), and expenses incurred by the Secretary of State in, or in connection with, exercising functions conferred by or under Articles [45A](#p06391) to [45I](#p06843) of, and [Schedule 2ZA](#p17198) to, the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210) (including expenses not directly connected with the keeping of the register kept under Article [45A](#p06391)[(1)](#p06393) of that Order);
> - “*combined NUAR income*” means the sum of— income received by the Secretary of State from fees payable under regulations under subsection [(1)](#p05647), and income received by the Secretary of State from fees payable under regulations under Article [45E](#p06596)[(1)](#p06598) of the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210).
> - “*combined NUAR expenses*” means the sum of—expenses incurred by the Secretary of State in, or in connection with, exercising functions conferred by or under this Part (including expenses not directly connected with the keeping of NUAR), andexpenses incurred by the Secretary of State in, or in connection with, exercising functions conferred by or under Articles 45A to 45I of, and Schedule 2ZA to, the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210) (including expenses not directly connected with the keeping of the register kept under Article 45A(1) of that Order);
> - “*combined NUAR income*” means the sum of—income received by the Secretary of State from fees payable under regulations under subsection (1), andincome received by the Secretary of State from fees payable under regulations under Article 45E(1) of the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210).
> (106F)
> (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision requiring undertakers having apparatus in a street to provide information to the Secretary of State for either or both of the following purposes—
> (a) assisting the Secretary of State in determining the provision that it is appropriate for regulations under [section 106E](#p05645)[(1)](#p05647) or a statement under [section 106E](#p05645)[(4)](#p05667) to make;
> (a) assisting the Secretary of State in determining the provision that it is appropriate for regulations under section 106E(1) or a statement under section 106E(4) to make;
> (b) assisting the Secretary of State in determining whether it is appropriate to make changes to such provision.
> (2) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision requiring undertakers having apparatus in a street to provide information to the Secretary of State for either or both of the following purposes—
> (a) ascertaining whether a fee is payable by a person under regulations under [section 106E](#p05645)[(1)](#p05647);
> (a) ascertaining whether a fee is payable by a person under regulations under section 106E(1);
> (b) working out the amount of a fee payable by a person.
> (3) Regulations under [subsection (1)](#p05782) or [(2)](#p05798)may require an undertaker to notify the Secretary of State of any changes to information previously provided under the regulations.
> (4) Regulations under [subsection (1)](#p05782) or [(2)](#p05798)may make provision about—
> (3) Regulations under subsection (1) or (2) may require an undertaker to notify the Secretary of State of any changes to information previously provided under the regulations.
> (4) Regulations under subsection (1) or (2) may make provision about—
> (a) when information is to be provided (which may be at prescribed intervals);
> (b) the form and manner in which information is to be provided;
> (c) exceptions to requirements to provide information.
> (5) Regulations under [subsection (1)](#p05782) or [(2)](#p05798)are subject to the negative procedure.
> (106G) [Schedule 5A](#p16926) makes provision about the imposition of penalties in connection with requirements imposed by regulations under [sections 106E](#p05645)[(1)](#p05647) and [106F](#p05779)[(1)](#p05782) and [(2)](#p05798).
> (5) Regulations under subsection (1) or (2) are subject to the negative procedure.
> (106G) Schedule 5A makes provision about the imposition of penalties in connection with requirements imposed by regulations under sections 106E(1) and 106F(1) and (2).
> (106H)
> (1) The Secretary of State may make arrangements for a prescribed person to exercise a relevant function of the Secretary of State.
> (2) More than one person may be prescribed.
@@ -2162,13 +2162,13 @@
> (b) make provision as to the circumstances in which such payments are to be repaid to the Secretary of State.
> (4) In the case of the exercise of a function by a person authorised by arrangements under this section to exercise that function, a reference in this Part or in regulations under this Part to the Secretary of State in connection with that function is to be read as a reference to that person.
> (5) Arrangements under this section do not prevent the Secretary of State from exercising a function to which the arrangements relate.
> (6) Except as otherwise prescribed and subject to [section 106I](#p05927), the disclosure of information between the Secretary of State and a person in connection with the person’s entering into arrangements under this section or exercise of functions to which such arrangements relate does not breach—
> (6) Except as otherwise prescribed and subject to section 106I, the disclosure of information between the Secretary of State and a person in connection with the person’s entering into arrangements under this section or exercise of functions to which such arrangements relate does not breach—
> (a) an obligation of confidence owed by the person making the disclosure, or
> (b) any other restriction on the disclosure of information (however imposed).
> (7) Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative procedure.
> (8) In this section “*relevant function*” means a function of the Secretary of State conferred by or under this Part (including the function of charging or recovering fees under regulations under [section 106E](#p05645)) other than—
> (8) In this section “*relevant function*” means a function of the Secretary of State conferred by or under this Part (including the function of charging or recovering fees under regulations under section 106E) other than—
> (a) a power to make regulations, or
> (b) a function under [section 106E](#p05645)[(4)](#p05667) (specifying of fees etc).
> (b) a function under section 106E(4) (specifying of fees etc).
> (9) If a person exercises the function of charging or recovering fees by virtue of arrangements under this section, the person must pay the fees to the Secretary of State, except to the extent that the Secretary of State directs otherwise.
> (106I)
> (1) A duty or power to process information that is imposed or conferred by or under this Part does not operate to require or authorise the processing of personal data that would contravene the data protection legislation (but in determining whether processing of personal data would do so, that duty or power is to be taken into account).
@@ -2193,20 +2193,20 @@
> - “*undertaker*” (in relation to apparatus or in a context referring to having apparatus in a street) (see sections 48(5) and 89(4)).
> (2) In this Part “*processing*” has the same meaning as in the Data Protection Act 2018 (see section 3(4) of that Act) and “process” is to be read accordingly.
- (2) Section 166 of the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991, so far as relating to Part 3A of that Act (inserted by [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/56/1/2025-11-17)), extends to England and Wales.
- (2) Section 166 of the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991, so far as relating to Part 3A of that Act (inserted by subsection (1)), extends to England and Wales.
- (3) In section 167 of that Act (Crown application), after subsection (5) insert—
> (5A) The provisions of Part [3A](#p05422) of this Act (National Underground Asset Register: England and Wales) bind the Crown.
> (5B) Nothing in [subsection (5A)](#p06028) is to be construed as authorising the bringing of proceedings for a criminal offence against a person acting on behalf of the Crown.
- (4) Schedule [1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/1/2025-11-17) to this Act inserts [Schedule 5A](#p16926) into the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 (monetary penalties).
> (5A) The provisions of Part 3A of this Act (National Underground Asset Register: England and Wales) bind the Crown.
> (5B) Nothing in subsection (5A) is to be construed as authorising the bringing of proceedings for a criminal offence against a person acting on behalf of the Crown.
- (4) Schedule 1 to this Act inserts Schedule 5A into the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 (monetary penalties).
#### Information in relation to apparatus: England and Wales
##### 57
- (1) The New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/57/2/2025-11-17) to [(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/57/6/2025-11-17).
- (1) The New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (6).
- (2) For the italic heading before section 79 (records of location of apparatus) substitute “Duties in relation to recording and sharing of information about apparatus”.
@@ -2216,7 +2216,7 @@
- (b) in subsection (1), for paragraph (c) substitute—
> (c) being informed of its location under section [80](#p06189)[(2)](#p06204)[(a)](#p06207),
> (c) being informed of its location under section 80(2)(a),
;
@@ -2226,7 +2226,7 @@
> (a) placing the item in the street or altering its position,
> (b) inspecting, maintaining, adjusting, repairing, altering or renewing the item,
> (c) locating the item in the street in the course of executing any other works, or
> (d) receiving any such information in relation to the item under section [80](#p06189)[(2)](#p06204)[(a)](#p06207).
> (d) receiving any such information in relation to the item under section 80(2)(a).
;
@@ -2240,8 +2240,8 @@
- (f) after subsection (3A) insert—
> (3B) Except in such cases as may be prescribed, where an undertaker records information as required by subsection (1) or [(1B)](#p06085), or updates such information, the undertaker must, within a prescribed period, enter the recorded or updated information into NUAR.
> (3C) Information must be entered into NUAR under [subsection (3B)](#p06131) in such form and manner as may be prescribed.
> (3B) Except in such cases as may be prescribed, where an undertaker records information as required by subsection (1) or (1B), or updates such information, the undertaker must, within a prescribed period, enter the recorded or updated information into NUAR.
> (3C) Information must be entered into NUAR under subsection (3B) in such form and manner as may be prescribed.
;
@@ -2255,25 +2255,25 @@
> (ii) in relation to apparatus in streets in Wales, prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State or the Welsh Ministers;
> (b) otherwise, prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State.
> (8) Before making regulations under this section the Secretary of State must obtain the consent of the Welsh Ministers in relation to any provision that relates to apparatus in streets in Wales.
> (9) For the meaning of “NUAR”, see section [106A](#p05425).
> (9) For the meaning of “NUAR”, see section 106A.
- (4) For section 80 (duty to inform undertakers of location of apparatus) substitute—
> (80)
> (1) Subsection [(2)](#p06204) applies where a relevant person executing works of any description in a street finds an item of apparatus which does not belong to the person in relation to which prescribed information—
> (1) Subsection (2) applies where a relevant person executing works of any description in a street finds an item of apparatus which does not belong to the person in relation to which prescribed information—
> (a) is not entered in NUAR, or
> (b) is entered in NUAR but is incorrect.
> (2) Except in such cases as may be prescribed, the person must—
> (a) take such steps as are reasonably practicable to inform the undertaker to whom the item belongs of the missing or incorrect information, and
> (b) if (having taken such steps) the person is unable to inform the undertaker to whom the item belongs of the missing or incorrect information, enter into NUAR, in such form and manner as may be prescribed, prescribed information in relation to the item.
> (3) A person who fails to comply with subsection [(2)](#p06204) commits an offence.
> (4) A person who commits an offence under [subsection (3)](#p06216) is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.
> (3) A person who fails to comply with subsection (2) commits an offence.
> (4) A person who commits an offence under subsection (3) is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.
> (5) Before making regulations under this section the Secretary of State must obtain the consent of the Welsh Ministers in relation to any provision that relates to apparatus in streets in Wales.
> (6) Before making regulations under this section the Secretary of State must consult—
> (a) such representatives of persons likely to be affected by the regulations as the Secretary of State considers appropriate, and
> (b) such other persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate.
> (7) For the purposes of this section a person executing works in a street is a “relevant person” if the person has, pursuant to regulations under section [106C](#p05532)[(1)](#p05534), access to NUAR in relation to the street in question.
> (8) For the meaning of “NUAR”, see section [106A](#p05425).
> (7) For the purposes of this section a person executing works in a street is a “relevant person” if the person has, pursuant to regulations under section 106C(1), access to NUAR in relation to the street in question.
> (8) For the meaning of “NUAR”, see section 106A.
- (5) Before section 81 (duty to maintain apparatus) insert—
@@ -2301,7 +2301,7 @@
> (2A) Regulations made by the Welsh Ministers under section 79 are to be made by statutory instrument and a statutory instrument containing such regulations is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of Senedd Cymru.
- (7) In consequence of the provision made by [subsection (4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/57/4/2025-11-17), omit section 47 of the Traffic Management Act 2004.
- (7) In consequence of the provision made by subsection (4), omit section 47 of the Traffic Management Act 2004.
- (8) In Schedule 7B to the Government of Wales Act 2006 (general restriction on competence of Senedd Cymru), in paragraph 11(6)(b) (exceptions to restrictions relating to Ministers of the Crown), before sub-paragraph (i) insert—
@@ -2313,13 +2313,13 @@
##### 58
- (1) The Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210) is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/58/2/2025-11-17) to [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/58/4/2025-11-17).
- (1) The Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210) is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (4).
- (2) In Article 2 (interpretation), in paragraph (2)—
- (a) after the definition of “in” insert—
> - “*NUAR provision*” means any of Articles [45A](#p06391) to [45I](#p06843) and [Schedule 2ZA](#p17198);
> - “*NUAR provision*” means any of Articles 45A to 45I and Schedule 2ZA;
;
@@ -2346,21 +2346,21 @@
> (2) The register is to be known as the National Underground Asset Register (and is referred to in this Order as “*NUAR*”).
> (3) NUAR must be kept in such form and manner as may be prescribed.
> (4) The Secretary of State must make arrangements so as to enable any person who is required, by a provision of this Order, to enter information into NUAR to have access to NUAR for that purpose.
> (5) The obligations of the Secretary of State under paragraph [(1)](#p06393) and under section [106A](#p05425)[(1)](#p05427) of the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 (keeping of register of information relating to apparatus in streets in England and Wales) may be discharged by the keeping of a single register in relation to England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
> (5) The obligations of the Secretary of State under paragraph (1) and under section 106A(1) of the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 (keeping of register of information relating to apparatus in streets in England and Wales) may be discharged by the keeping of a single register in relation to England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
> (45B)
> (1) Before the end of the initial upload period an undertaker having apparatus in a street must enter into NUAR—
> (a) all information that is included in the undertaker’s records under Article 39(1) on the archive upload date, and
> (b) any other information of a prescribed description that is held by the undertaker on that date.
> (2) The duty under paragraph [(1)](#p06419) does not apply in such cases as may be prescribed.
> (3) Information must be entered into NUAR under paragraph [(1)](#p06419) in such form and manner as may be prescribed.
> (2) The duty under paragraph (1) does not apply in such cases as may be prescribed.
> (3) Information must be entered into NUAR under paragraph (1) in such form and manner as may be prescribed.
> (4) An undertaker who fails to comply with a duty placed on the undertaker under this Article—
> (a) commits an offence, and
> (b) is liable to compensate any person in respect of damage or loss incurred by the person in consequence of the failure.
> (5) A person who commits an offence under paragraph [(4)](#p06441)[(a)](#p06444) is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale.
> (5) A person who commits an offence under paragraph (4)(a) is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale.
> (6) In criminal or civil proceedings against an undertaker arising out of a failure to comply with a duty under this Article, it is a defence for the undertaker to show that all reasonable care was taken to secure that no such failure occurred by—
> (a) the undertaker and the undertaker’s employees, and
> (b) any contractor of the undertaker and the contractor’s employees.
> (7) For the purposes of paragraph [(1)](#p06419) the Secretary of State must by regulations—
> (7) For the purposes of paragraph (1) the Secretary of State must by regulations—
> (a) specify a date as “the archive upload date”, and
> (b) specify a period beginning with that date as the “initial upload period”.
> (45C)
@@ -2377,7 +2377,7 @@
> (i) make provision for information to be made available for free or for a fee;
> (j) make provision about the amounts of the fees, including provision for the amount of a fee to be an amount which is intended to exceed the cost of the things in respect of which the fee is charged;
> (k) make provision about how funds raised by means of fees must or may be used, including provision for funds to be paid to persons who are required, by a provision of this Order, to enter information into NUAR.
> (3) Except as otherwise prescribed and subject to Article [45I](#p06843), processing of information by the Secretary of State in exercise of functions conferred by or under Article [45A](#p06391) or this Article does not breach—
> (3) Except as otherwise prescribed and subject to Article 45I, processing of information by the Secretary of State in exercise of functions conferred by or under Article 45A or this Article does not breach—
> (a) an obligation of confidence owed by the Secretary of State, or
> (b) any other restriction on the processing of information (however imposed).
> (4) In this Article—
@@ -2385,11 +2385,11 @@
> - “*non-Crown IP right*” means any copyright, database right or other intellectual property right which is not owned by the Crown;
> - “*processing*” has the same meaning as in the Data Protection Act 2018 (see section 3(4) of that Act).
> (45D)
> (1) The Secretary of State must produce guidance for persons described in paragraph [(2)](#p06577) about how to protect information kept in, or obtained from, NUAR.
> (1) The Secretary of State must produce guidance for persons described in paragraph (2) about how to protect information kept in, or obtained from, NUAR.
> (2) The persons are persons who, pursuant to regulations made under Article 45C, are able to access information kept in NUAR.
> (3) The Secretary of State may revise or replace the guidance.
> (4) The Secretary of State must publish the guidance (and any revised or replacement guidance) in such manner as the Secretary of State considers appropriate for bringing it to the attention of persons described in paragraph [(2)](#p06577).
> (5) The same guidance may discharge the obligations of the Secretary of State under this Article and under section [106D](#p05617) of the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991.
> (4) The Secretary of State must publish the guidance (and any revised or replacement guidance) in such manner as the Secretary of State considers appropriate for bringing it to the attention of persons described in paragraph (2).
> (5) The same guidance may discharge the obligations of the Secretary of State under this Article and under section 106D of the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991.
> (45E)
> (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision requiring undertakers having apparatus in a street to pay fees to the Secretary of State for or in connection with the exercise by the Secretary of State of any function conferred by or under a NUAR provision.
> (2) The regulations may—
@@ -2401,31 +2401,31 @@
> (b) the Secretary of State must—
> (i) publish the statement, and
> (ii) lay it before Parliament.
> (5) Regulations under paragraph [(1)](#p06598) may make provision about—
> (5) Regulations under paragraph (1) may make provision about—
> (a) when a fee is to be paid;
> (b) the manner in which a fee is to be paid;
> (c) the payment of discounted fees;
> (d) exceptions to requirements to pay fees;
> (e) the refund of all or part of a fee which has been paid.
> (6) Before making regulations under paragraph [(1)](#p06598), the Secretary of State must consult—
> (6) Before making regulations under paragraph (1), the Secretary of State must consult—
> (a) such representatives of persons likely to be affected by the regulations as the Secretary of State considers appropriate, and
> (b) such other persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate.
> (7) In this Article—
> - “*combined NUAR expenses*” means the sum of— expenses incurred by the Secretary of State in, or in connection with, exercising functions conferred by or under a NUAR provision (including expenses not directly connected with the keeping of NUAR), and expenses incurred by the Secretary of State in, or in connection with, exercising functions conferred by or under Part [3A](#p05422) of the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 (including expenses not directly connected with the keeping of the register kept under section [106A](#p05425)[(1)](#p05427) of that Act);
> - “*combined NUAR income*” means the sum of— income received by the Secretary of State from fees payable under regulations under paragraph [(1)](#p06598), and income received by the Secretary of State from fees payable under regulations under section [106E](#p05645)[(1)](#p05647) of the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991.
> - “*combined NUAR expenses*” means the sum of—expenses incurred by the Secretary of State in, or in connection with, exercising functions conferred by or under a NUAR provision (including expenses not directly connected with the keeping of NUAR), andexpenses incurred by the Secretary of State in, or in connection with, exercising functions conferred by or under Part 3A of the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 (including expenses not directly connected with the keeping of the register kept under section 106A(1) of that Act);
> - “*combined NUAR income*” means the sum of—income received by the Secretary of State from fees payable under regulations under paragraph (1), andincome received by the Secretary of State from fees payable under regulations under section 106E(1) of the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991.
> (45F)
> (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision requiring undertakers having apparatus in a street to provide information to the Secretary of State for either or both of the following purposes—
> (a) assisting the Secretary of State in determining the provision that it is appropriate for regulations under Article [45E](#p06596)[(1)](#p06598) or a statement under Article [45E](#p06596)[(4)](#p06618) to make;
> (a) assisting the Secretary of State in determining the provision that it is appropriate for regulations under Article 45E(1) or a statement under Article 45E(4) to make;
> (b) assisting the Secretary of State in determining whether it is appropriate to make changes to such provision.
> (2) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision requiring undertakers having apparatus in a street to provide information to the Secretary of State for either or both of the following purposes—
> (a) ascertaining whether a fee is payable by a person under regulations under Article [45E](#p06596)[(1)](#p06598);
> (a) ascertaining whether a fee is payable by a person under regulations under Article 45E(1);
> (b) working out the amount of a fee payable by a person.
> (3) Regulations under paragraph [(1)](#p06714) or [(2)](#p06730) may require an undertaker to notify the Secretary of State of any changes to information previously provided under the regulations.
> (4) Regulations under paragraph [(1)](#p06714) or [(2)](#p06730) may make provision about—
> (3) Regulations under paragraph (1) or (2) may require an undertaker to notify the Secretary of State of any changes to information previously provided under the regulations.
> (4) Regulations under paragraph (1) or (2) may make provision about—
> (a) when information is to be provided (which may be at prescribed intervals);
> (b) the form and manner in which information is to be provided;
> (c) exceptions to requirements to provide information.
> (45G) [Schedule 2ZA](#p17198) makes provision about the imposition of penalties in connection with requirements imposed by regulations under Articles [45E](#p06596)[(1)](#p06598) and [45F](#p06711)[(1)](#p06714) and [(2)](#p06730).
> (45G) Schedule 2ZA makes provision about the imposition of penalties in connection with requirements imposed by regulations under Articles 45E(1) and 45F(1) and (2).
> (45H)
> (1) The Secretary of State may make arrangements for a prescribed person to exercise a relevant function of the Secretary of State.
> (2) More than one person may be prescribed.
@@ -2434,12 +2434,12 @@
> (b) make provision as to the circumstances in which such payments are to be repaid to the Secretary of State.
> (4) In the case of the exercise of a function by a person authorised by arrangements under this Article to exercise that function, a reference in a NUAR provision or in regulations under a NUAR provision to the Secretary of State in connection with that function is to be read as a reference to that person.
> (5) Arrangements under this Article do not prevent the Secretary of State from exercising a function to which the arrangements relate.
> (6) Except as otherwise prescribed and subject to Article [45I](#p06843), the disclosure of information between the Secretary of State and a person in connection with the person’s entering into arrangements under this Article or exercise of functions to which such arrangements relate does not breach—
> (6) Except as otherwise prescribed and subject to Article 45I, the disclosure of information between the Secretary of State and a person in connection with the person’s entering into arrangements under this Article or exercise of functions to which such arrangements relate does not breach—
> (a) an obligation of confidence owed by the person making the disclosure, or
> (b) any other restriction on the disclosure of information (however imposed).
> (7) In this Article “*relevant function*” means a function of the Secretary of State conferred by or under a NUAR provision (including the function of charging or recovering fees under regulations under Article [45E](#p06596)) other than—
> (7) In this Article “*relevant function*” means a function of the Secretary of State conferred by or under a NUAR provision (including the function of charging or recovering fees under regulations under Article 45E) other than—
> (a) a power to make regulations, or
> (b) a function under Article [45E](#p06596)[(4)](#p06618) (specifying of fees etc).
> (b) a function under Article 45E(4) (specifying of fees etc).
> (8) If a person exercises the function of charging or recovering fees by virtue of arrangements under this Article, the person must pay the fees to the Secretary of State, except to the extent that the Secretary of State directs otherwise.
> (45I)
> (1) A duty or power to process information that is imposed or conferred by or under a NUAR provision does not operate to require or authorise the processing of personal data that would contravene the data protection legislation (but in determining whether processing of personal data would do so, that duty or power is to be taken into account).
@@ -2462,23 +2462,23 @@
- (c) before paragraph (2) insert—
> (1B) For the purposes of the Statutory Instruments Act 1946 a power of the Secretary of State to make regulations under this Order is exercisable by statutory instrument, and that Act applies in relation to a document by which such a power is exercised as if this Order were an Act of Parliament passed after the commencement of that Act.
> (1C) Regulations made by the Secretary of State under Articles 39, 40, [45A](#p06391), [45B](#p06417) and [45F](#p06711) are subject to the negative Westminster procedure.
> (1D) Subject to paragraphs [(1E)](#p06918) and [(1F)](#p06926), regulations made by the Secretary of State under Articles [45C](#p06485), [45E](#p06596) and [45H](#p06780) and [paragraph 1](#p17205) of [Schedule 2ZA](#p17198) are subject to the affirmative Westminster procedure.
> (1E) Regulations under Article [45E](#p06596)[(1)](#p06598) that only make provision of a kind mentioned in Article [45E](#p06596)[(2)](#p06602) are subject to the negative Westminster procedure.
> (1F) But the first regulations under Article [45E](#p06596)[(1)](#p06598) that make provision of a kind mentioned in Article [45E](#p06596)[(2)](#p06602) are subject to the affirmative Westminster procedure.
> (1C) Regulations made by the Secretary of State under Articles 39, 40, 45A, 45B and 45F are subject to the negative Westminster procedure.
> (1D) Subject to paragraphs (1E) and (1F), regulations made by the Secretary of State under Articles 45C, 45E and 45H and paragraph 1 of Schedule 2ZA are subject to the affirmative Westminster procedure.
> (1E) Regulations under Article 45E(1) that only make provision of a kind mentioned in Article 45E(2) are subject to the negative Westminster procedure.
> (1F) But the first regulations under Article 45E(1) that make provision of a kind mentioned in Article 45E(2) are subject to the affirmative Westminster procedure.
> (1G) Where regulations under this Order are subject to “the affirmative Westminster procedure” the regulations may not be made unless a draft of the statutory instrument containing them has been laid before and approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.
> (1H) Where regulations under this Order are subject to “the negative Westminster procedure” the statutory instrument containing the regulations is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
> (1I) Any provision that may be made in regulations under this Order subject to the negative Westminster procedure may be made in regulations subject to the affirmative Westminster procedure.
- (5) Article 59[(A2)](#p06881) of the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210) (inserted by subsection [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/58/4/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/58/4/a/2025-11-17)) is revoked on the coming into operation of Article 59(1A) of that Order (as inserted by Article 28(3) of the Street Works (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 2007 ([S.I. 2007/287 (N.I. 1)))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/2007/287).
- (6) Schedule [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/2/2025-11-17) to this Act inserts Schedule [2ZA](#p17198) into the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210) (monetary penalties).
- (5) Article 59(A2) of the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210) (inserted by subsection (4)(a)) is revoked on the coming into operation of Article 59(1A) of that Order (as inserted by Article 28(3) of the Street Works (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 2007 ([S.I. 2007/287 (N.I. 1)))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/2007/287).
- (6) Schedule 2 to this Act inserts Schedule 2ZA into the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210) (monetary penalties).
#### Information in relation to apparatus: Northern Ireland
##### 59
- (1) The Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210) is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/59/2/2025-11-17)to [(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/59/5/2025-11-17).
- (1) The Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210) is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (5).
- (2) For the italic heading before Article 39 (records of location of apparatus) substitute “Duties in relation to recording and sharing of information about apparatus”.
@@ -2488,7 +2488,7 @@
- (b) in paragraph (1), for sub-paragraph (c) substitute—
> (c) being informed of its location under Article [40](#p07089)[(2)](#p07104)[(a)](#p07107),
> (c) being informed of its location under Article 40(2)(a),
;
@@ -2498,7 +2498,7 @@
> (a) placing the item in the street or altering its position,
> (b) inspecting, maintaining, adjusting, repairing, altering or renewing the item,
> (c) locating the item in the street in the course of executing any other works, or
> (d) receiving any such information in relation to the item under Article [40](#p07089)[(2)](#p07104)[(a)](#p07107).
> (d) receiving any such information in relation to the item under Article 40(2)(a).
;
@@ -2512,8 +2512,8 @@
- (f) after paragraph (3A) insert—
> (3B) Except in such cases as may be prescribed, where an undertaker records information as required by paragraph (1) or [(1B)](#p07001), or updates such information, the undertaker must, within a prescribed period, enter the recorded or updated information into NUAR.
> (3C) Information must be entered into NUAR under paragraph [(3B)](#p07047) in such form and manner as may be prescribed.
> (3B) Except in such cases as may be prescribed, where an undertaker records information as required by paragraph (1) or (1B), or updates such information, the undertaker must, within a prescribed period, enter the recorded or updated information into NUAR.
> (3C) Information must be entered into NUAR under paragraph (3B) in such form and manner as may be prescribed.
;
@@ -2522,40 +2522,40 @@
> (6) In this Article “*prescribed*” means—
> (a) in paragraphs (1) to (2), prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State or the Department for Infrastructure;
> (b) otherwise, prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State.
> (7) For the meaning of “NUAR”, see Article [45A](#p06391).
> (7) For the meaning of “NUAR”, see Article 45A.
- (4) For Article 40 (duty to inform undertakers of location of apparatus) substitute—
> (40)
> (1) Paragraph [(2)](#p07104) applies where a relevant person executing works of any description in a street finds an item of apparatus which does not belong to the person in relation to which prescribed information—
> (1) Paragraph (2) applies where a relevant person executing works of any description in a street finds an item of apparatus which does not belong to the person in relation to which prescribed information—
> (a) is not entered in NUAR, or
> (b) is entered in NUAR but is incorrect.
> (2) Except in such cases as may be prescribed, the person must—
> (a) take such steps as are reasonably practicable to inform the undertaker to whom the item belongs of the missing or incorrect information, and
> (b) if (having taken such steps) the person is unable to inform the undertaker to whom the item belongs of the missing or incorrect information, enter into NUAR, in such form and manner as may be prescribed, prescribed information in relation to the item.
> (3) A person who fails to comply with paragraph [(2)](#p07104) commits an offence.
> (4) A person who commits an offence under paragraph [(3)](#p07116) is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.
> (3) A person who fails to comply with paragraph (2) commits an offence.
> (4) A person who commits an offence under paragraph (3) is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.
> (5) Before making regulations under this Article the Secretary of State must consult—
> (a) such representatives of persons likely to be affected by the regulations as the Secretary of State considers appropriate, and
> (b) such other persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate.
> (6) For the purposes of this Article a person executing works in a street is a “relevant person” if the person has, pursuant to regulations under Article [45C](#p06485), access to NUAR in relation to the street in question.
> (7) For the meaning of “NUAR”, see Article [45A](#p06391).
> (6) For the purposes of this Article a person executing works in a street is a “relevant person” if the person has, pursuant to regulations under Article 45C, access to NUAR in relation to the street in question.
> (7) For the meaning of “NUAR”, see Article 45A.
- (5) Before Article 41 (duty to maintain apparatus) insert—
.
- (6) As a consequence of the provision made by [subsection (4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/59/4/2025-11-17), omit Article 23 of the Street Works (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 2007 ([S.I. 2007/287 (N.I. 1))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/2007/287).
- (7) A power of the Secretary of State to make regulations under paragraph (1) or (2) of Article 39 of the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210) (by virtue of subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/59/3/2025-11-17)[(g)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/59/3/g/2025-11-17)) includes power to amend or revoke any provision of the Street Works (Records) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2004 (S.R. [(N.I.) 2004 No. 276](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisr/2004/276)) made under the paragraph concerned.
- (6) As a consequence of the provision made by subsection (4), omit Article 23 of the Street Works (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 2007 ([S.I. 2007/287 (N.I. 1))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/2007/287).
- (7) A power of the Secretary of State to make regulations under paragraph (1) or (2) of Article 39 of the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210) (by virtue of subsection (3)(g)) includes power to amend or revoke any provision of the Street Works (Records) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2004 (S.R. [(N.I.) 2004 No. 276](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisr/2004/276)) made under the paragraph concerned.
#### Pre-commencement consultation
##### 60
- (1) A requirement to consult under a provision inserted into the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 by section [56](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/56/2025-11-17) or [57](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/57/2025-11-17) may be satisfied by consultation undertaken before the day on which this Act is passed.
- (2) A requirement to consult under a provision inserted into the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210) by section [58](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/58/2025-11-17) or [59](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/59/2025-11-17) may be satisfied by consultation undertaken before the day on which this Act is passed.
- (1) A requirement to consult under a provision inserted into the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 by section 56 or 57 may be satisfied by consultation undertaken before the day on which this Act is passed.
- (2) A requirement to consult under a provision inserted into the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210) by section 58 or 59 may be satisfied by consultation undertaken before the day on which this Act is passed.
## Part 4 — Registers of births and deaths
@@ -2572,10 +2572,10 @@
> (2) The Registrar General may, in particular, require any such register to be kept in a form that secures that any information entered in the register by a registrar—
> (a) in the case of a register of live-births or of deaths, is available to the superintendent registrar and to the Registrar General immediately after the entry has been made, and
> (b) in the case of a register of still-births, is available to the Registrar General immediately after the entry has been made.
> (3) In a case where a register is kept in such form as is mentioned in [subsection (2)](#p07207), any information in the register which is available to the superintendent registrar or Registrar General is to be regarded as held by that person (as well as by the registrar) in connection with that person’s functions.
> (3) In a case where a register is kept in such form as is mentioned in subsection (2), any information in the register which is available to the superintendent registrar or Registrar General is to be regarded as held by that person (as well as by the registrar) in connection with that person’s functions.
> (4) The Registrar General—
> (a) may provide anything which the Registrar General considers appropriate for the registers mentioned in [subsection (1)](#p07203) to be kept in the form required under that subsection, and
> (b) must maintain anything provided under [paragraph (a)](#p07227).
> (a) may provide anything which the Registrar General considers appropriate for the registers mentioned in subsection (1) to be kept in the form required under that subsection, and
> (b) must maintain anything provided under paragraph (a).
> (5) The Registrar General must also provide the forms required for the purposes of this Act for making certified copies of entries in registers.
- (3) Omit the following provisions—
@@ -2616,13 +2616,13 @@
- (3) In section 39A (regulations made by the Minister: further provisions), after subsection (5) insert—
> (6) A statutory instrument that contains (whether alone or with other provision) regulations made by the Minister under [section 38B](#p07292) may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.
> (6) A statutory instrument that contains (whether alone or with other provision) regulations made by the Minister under section 38B may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.
#### Treatment of existing registers and records
##### 64
- (1) The repeal of section 28 of the Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953 by [section 61](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/61/2025-11-17) above does not affect—
- (1) The repeal of section 28 of the Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953 by section 61 above does not affect—
- (a) the requirement under section 28(2) of that Act for every superintendent registrar (“*S*”) to keep with the records of S’s office any registers of live-births or of deaths which are in S’s custody immediately before the coming into force of that repeal, or
@@ -2638,13 +2638,13 @@
- (4) The Registrar General may dispose of—
- (a) any certified copies held by the Registrar General of entries in any register of still-births forwarded to the Registrar General under section 28(3) of the Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953 or [subsection (3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/64/3/2025-11-17) above, or
- (a) any certified copies held by the Registrar General of entries in any register of still-births forwarded to the Registrar General under section 28(3) of the Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953 or subsection (3) above, or
- (b) any information contained in those entries which is held by the Registrar General in electronic form by virtue of section 27 of that Act.
- (5) Where, at any time during the period mentioned in [subsection (6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/64/6/2025-11-17), a copy has been kept otherwise than in hard copy form of any register of births or register of deaths kept for a sub-district under the Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953—
- (a) that copy is to be treated, on and after the day on which [section 61](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/61/2025-11-17) of this Act comes into force, as the register kept for the sub-district for the purposes of that Act,
- (5) Where, at any time during the period mentioned in subsection (6), a copy has been kept otherwise than in hard copy form of any register of births or register of deaths kept for a sub-district under the Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953—
- (a) that copy is to be treated, on and after the day on which section 61 of this Act comes into force, as the register kept for the sub-district for the purposes of that Act,
- (b) on and after that day, the register is to be treated for the purposes of section 25(3) of that Act as having been kept in the form in which the copy was kept,
@@ -2656,11 +2656,11 @@
- (ii) any information contained in those entries which is held by the Registrar General in electronic form by virtue of section 27 of that Act.
- (6) The period referred to in [subsection (5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/64/5/2025-11-17) is the period—
- (6) The period referred to in subsection (5) is the period—
- (a) beginning with 1 July 2009, and
- (b) ending immediately before the day on which [section 61](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/61/2025-11-17) comes into force.
- (b) ending immediately before the day on which section 61 comes into force.
- (7) Expressions used in this section and in the Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953 have the same meaning in this section as in that Act.
@@ -2668,7 +2668,7 @@
##### 65
[Schedule 3](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/3/2025-11-17) contains minor and consequential amendments.
Schedule 3 contains minor and consequential amendments.
## Part 5 — Data protection and privacy
@@ -2707,7 +2707,7 @@
> (a) the information that results from the processing is aggregate data that is not personal data, and
> (b) the controller does not use the personal data processed, or the information that results from the processing, in support of measures or decisions with respect to a particular data subject to whom the personal data relates.
- (2) In consequence of the amendment made by subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/67/1/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/67/1/a/2025-11-17), in section 6 of the 2018 Act (meaning of “*controller*”), for “4(7)” substitute “4(1)(7)”.
- (2) In consequence of the amendment made by subsection (1)(a), in section 6 of the 2018 Act (meaning of “*controller*”), for “4(7)” substitute “4(1)(7)”.
#### Consent to processing for the purposes of scientific research
@@ -2717,7 +2717,7 @@
- (2) In point (11) of paragraph 1 (definition of “consent”), at the end insert “(and see paragraphs 6 and 7 of this Article)”.
- (3) After paragraph 5 (inserted by [section 67](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/67/2025-11-17) of this Act) insert—
- (3) After paragraph 5 (inserted by section 67 of this Act) insert—
> (6) A data subject’s consent is to be treated as falling within the definition of “consent” in point (11) of paragraph 1 if—
> (a) it does not fall within that definition because (and only because) the consent is given to the processing of personal data for the purposes of an area of scientific research,
@@ -2734,11 +2734,11 @@
- (2) In section 33 (definitions), after subsection (1) insert—
> (1A) “Consent” of the data subject to the processing of personal data means a freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous indication of the data subject’s wishes by which the data subject, by a statement or by a clear affirmative action, signifies agreement to the processing of the personal data (and see section [40A](#p07595)).
> (1A) “Consent” of the data subject to the processing of personal data means a freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous indication of the data subject’s wishes by which the data subject, by a statement or by a clear affirmative action, signifies agreement to the processing of the personal data (and see section 40A).
- (3) In section 34(2) (overview of Chapter 2 of Part 3), after paragraph (a) (but before the “and” at the end of that paragraph) insert—
> (aa) [section 40A](#p07595) makes provision about processing carried out in reliance on the consent of the data subject,
> (aa) section 40A makes provision about processing carried out in reliance on the consent of the data subject,
.
@@ -2751,7 +2751,7 @@
> (a) in a manner which clearly distinguishes the request from the other matters,
> (b) in an intelligible and easily accessible form, and
> (c) in clear and plain language.
> (4) Any part of a document described in subsection [(3)](#p07605) which constitutes an infringement of this Part is not binding.
> (4) Any part of a document described in subsection (3) which constitutes an infringement of this Part is not binding.
> (5) The data subject may withdraw the consent at any time (but the withdrawal of consent does not affect the lawfulness of processing in reliance on the consent before its withdrawal).
> (6) Processing may only be carried out in reliance on consent if—
> (a) before the consent is given, the controller or processor informs the data subject of the right to withdraw it, and
@@ -2764,7 +2764,7 @@
- (b) for “Part” substitute “Parts 3 and”, and
- (c) for “section” substitute “sections 33, [40A](#p07595) and”.
- (c) for “section” substitute “sections 33, 40A and”.
### Data protection principles
@@ -2772,7 +2772,7 @@
##### 70
- (1) The UK GDPR is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/70/2/2025-11-17) to [(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/70/5/2025-11-17).
- (1) The UK GDPR is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (5).
- (2) In Article 6(1) (lawful processing)—
@@ -2820,11 +2820,11 @@
- (5) In Article 21(1) (right to object), after “point (e)” insert “, (ea)”.
- (6) [Schedule 4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/4/2025-11-17) to this Act inserts Annex 1 to the UK GDPR.
- (6) Schedule 4 to this Act inserts Annex 1 to the UK GDPR.
- (7) In section 8 of the 2018 Act (lawfulness of processing: public interest etc), omit “the controller’s”.
- (8) In the provisions listed in subsection [(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/70/9/2025-11-17)—
- (8) In the provisions listed in subsection (9)—
- (a) for “gateway” substitute “gateways”, and
@@ -2852,7 +2852,7 @@
##### 71
- (1) The UK GDPR is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/71/2/2025-11-17) to [(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/71/5/2025-11-17).
- (1) The UK GDPR is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (5).
- (2) In Article 5(1)(b) (purpose limitation)—
@@ -2897,9 +2897,9 @@
> (7) Regulations under paragraph 5 may make provision identifying processing by any means, including by reference to the controller, the data subject, the personal data or the provision of Article 6(1) relied on for the purposes of the processing.
> (8) Regulations under paragraph 5 are subject to the affirmative resolution procedure.
- (6) [Schedule 5](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/5/2025-11-17) to this Act inserts Annex 2 to the UK GDPR.
- (7) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections [(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/71/8/2025-11-17) to [(10)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/71/10/2025-11-17).
- (6) Schedule 5 to this Act inserts Annex 2 to the UK GDPR.
- (7) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections (8) to (10).
- (8) In section 36(1) (the second data protection principle)—
@@ -2927,7 +2927,7 @@
##### 72
- (1) The UK GDPR is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/72/2/2025-11-17) to [(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/72/5/2025-11-17).
- (1) The UK GDPR is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (5).
- (2) In Article 6(3) (lawfulness of processing: basis in domestic law)—
@@ -2935,13 +2935,13 @@
- (b) after that subparagraph insert—
> The basis for the processing referred to in point (e) of paragraph 1 must be laid down by domestic law or relevant international law (see section [9A](#p08160) of the 2018 Act).
> The basis for the processing referred to in point (e) of paragraph 1 must be laid down by domestic law or relevant international law (see section 9A of the 2018 Act).
, and
- (c) in the last subparagraph, in the last sentence, after “domestic law” insert “or relevant international law”.
- (3) In Article 8A(3)(e) (purpose limitation: further processing necessary to safeguard an objective listed in Article 23(1)) (inserted by section [71](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/71/2025-11-17) of this Act), at the end insert “or by relevant international law (see section [9A](#p08160) of the 2018 Act)”.
- (3) In Article 8A(3)(e) (purpose limitation: further processing necessary to safeguard an objective listed in Article 23(1)) (inserted by section 71 of this Act), at the end insert “or by relevant international law (see section 9A of the 2018 Act)”.
- (4) In Article 9 (processing of special categories of personal data)—
@@ -2949,7 +2949,7 @@
- (b) in paragraph 5, before point (a) insert—
> (za) section [9A](#p08160) makes provision about when the requirement in paragraph 2(g) of this Article for a basis in relevant international law is met;
> (za) section 9A makes provision about when the requirement in paragraph 2(g) of this Article for a basis in relevant international law is met;
.
@@ -2959,18 +2959,18 @@
- (b) in paragraph 2, before point (a) insert—
> (za) section [9A](#p08160) makes provision about when the requirement in paragraph 1 of this Article for authorisation by relevant international law is met;
> (za) section 9A makes provision about when the requirement in paragraph 1 of this Article for authorisation by relevant international law is met;
.
- (6) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections [(7)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/72/7/2025-11-17) and [(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/72/8/2025-11-17).
- (6) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections (7) and (8).
- (7) Before section 10 (and the italic heading before that section) insert—
> (9A)
> (1) Processing of personal data meets the requirement in Article 6(3), 8A(3)(e), 9(2)(g) or 10(1) of the UK GDPR for a basis in, or authorisation by, relevant international law only if it meets a condition in Schedule [A1](#p08210).
> (2) A condition in Schedule [A1](#p08210) may be relied on for the purposes of any of those provisions, unless that Schedule provides otherwise.
> (3) The Secretary of State may by regulations amend Schedule [A1](#p08210) by adding, varying or omitting—
> (1) Processing of personal data meets the requirement in Article 6(3), 8A(3)(e), 9(2)(g) or 10(1) of the UK GDPR for a basis in, or authorisation by, relevant international law only if it meets a condition in Schedule A1.
> (2) A condition in Schedule A1 may be relied on for the purposes of any of those provisions, unless that Schedule provides otherwise.
> (3) The Secretary of State may by regulations amend Schedule A1 by adding, varying or omitting—
> (a) conditions,
> (b) provision about the purposes for which a condition may be relied on, and
> (c) safeguards in connection with processing carried out in reliance on a condition in the Schedule.
@@ -3007,7 +3007,7 @@
> (3) Regulations made under this Article (in reliance on Article 91A(4)(b)) may amend section 5, 205 or 206 of the 2018 Act (interpretation).
> (4) Regulations under this Article are subject to the affirmative resolution procedure.
- (2) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/74/3/2025-11-17) to [(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/74/9/2025-11-17).
- (2) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections (3) to (9).
- (3) In section 33 (definitions of expressions used in Part 3), after subsection (6) insert—
@@ -3027,8 +3027,8 @@
> (b) make provision so that added processing is not sensitive processing for the purposes of this Part,
> (c) make provision so that a protected condition in Schedule 8 may or may not be relied on in connection with added processing, and
> (d) make provision varying such a condition as it relates to added processing.
> (2) In subsection [(1)](#p08307)—
> - “*added processing*” means a description of processing which is sensitive processing by virtue of provision made under subsection [(1)](#p08307)[(a)](#p08310);
> (2) In subsection (1)—
> - “*added processing*” means a description of processing which is sensitive processing by virtue of provision made under subsection (1)(a);
> - “*protected condition in Schedule 8*” means a condition in that Schedule other than one that was added to the Schedule by regulations under section 35(6).
> (3) Regulations under this section may amend this Part and sections 205 and 206.
> (4) Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative resolution procedure.
@@ -3051,8 +3051,8 @@
> (b) make provision so that added processing is not sensitive processing for the purposes of this Part,
> (c) make provision so that a protected condition in Schedule 10 may or may not be relied on in connection with added processing, and
> (d) make provision varying such a condition as it relates to added processing.
> (2) In subsection [(1)](#p08383)—
> - “*added processing*” means a description of processing which is sensitive processing by virtue of provision made under subsection [(1)](#p08383)[(a)](#p08386);
> (2) In subsection (1)—
> - “*added processing*” means a description of processing which is sensitive processing by virtue of provision made under subsection (1)(a);
> - “*protected condition in Schedule 10*” means a condition in that Schedule other than one that was added to the Schedule by regulations under section 86(3).
> (3) Regulations under this section may amend this Part and sections 205 and 206.
> (4) Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative resolution procedure.
@@ -3062,12 +3062,12 @@
| “sensitive processing (in Parts 3 and 4) | sections 35 and 86”. |
| --- | --- |
- (10) The Investigatory Powers Act 2016 is amended in accordance with subsections [(11)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/74/11/2025-11-17) to [(13)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/74/13/2025-11-17).
- (10) The Investigatory Powers Act 2016 is amended in accordance with subsections (11) to (13).
- (11) In section 202(4) (restrictions on use of class BPD warrants: definitions), omit the definition of “sensitive personal data” and insert—
> - “*sensitive personal data*” means personal data whose retention, or (as appropriate) retention and examination, would be sensitive processing;
> - “*sensitive processing*” means— processing of personal data relating to a living individual that is processing of a kind described in section 86(7)(a) to (e) of the Data Protection Act 2018, or processing of personal data relating to a deceased individual that would be that kind of processing if the personal data related to a living individual.
> - “*sensitive processing*” means—processing of personal data relating to a living individual that is processing of a kind described in section 86(7)(a) to (e) of the Data Protection Act 2018, orprocessing of personal data relating to a deceased individual that would be that kind of processing if the personal data related to a living individual.
- (12) After that section insert—
@@ -3076,7 +3076,7 @@
> (a) make provision so that a description of Part 4 sensitive processing, or of processing that would be such processing if the information processed related to a living individual, is sensitive processing for the purposes of section 202, and
> (b) make provision so that added processing is not sensitive processing for the purposes of that section.
> (2) In this section—
> - “*added processing*” means a description of processing that is sensitive processing for the purposes of section 202 by virtue of provision made under subsection [(1)](#p08478)[(a)](#p08481);
> - “*added processing*” means a description of processing that is sensitive processing for the purposes of section 202 by virtue of provision made under subsection (1)(a);
> - “*Part 4 sensitive processing*” means processing of personal data that, at the time the regulations are made, is sensitive processing for the purposes of Part 4 of the Data Protection Act 2018 by virtue of regulations made under section 91A of that Act.
> (3) Regulations under this section may amend section 202.
@@ -3121,7 +3121,7 @@
##### 76
- (1) The UK GDPR is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/76/2/2025-11-17) and [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/76/3/2025-11-17).
- (1) The UK GDPR is amended in accordance with subsections (2) and (3).
- (2) In Article 12 (transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of rights of the data subject)—
@@ -3168,7 +3168,7 @@
> (ii) the period described in paragraph 4(a).
> (6) An example of a case in which a controller may reasonably require further information is where the controller processes a large amount of information concerning the data subject.
- (4) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections [(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/76/5/2025-11-17) to [(7)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/76/7/2025-11-17).
- (4) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections (5) to (7).
- (5) In section 45(5) (right of access by the data subject), after “delay” insert “and in any event before the end of the applicable time period (as to which see section 54)”.
@@ -3180,21 +3180,21 @@
- (i) for “1 month, or such longer period as may be specified in regulations,” substitute “one month”, and
- (ii) at the end insert “, subject to [subsection (3A)](#p08761)”,
- (ii) at the end insert “, subject to subsection (3A)”,
- (c) after subsection (3) insert—
> (3A) The controller may, by giving notice to the data subject, extend the applicable time period by two further months where that is necessary by reason of—
> (a) the complexity of requests made by the data subject, or
> (b) the number of such requests.
> (3B) A notice under [subsection (3A)](#p08761) must—
> (3B) A notice under subsection (3A) must—
> (a) be given before the end of the period of one month beginning with the relevant time, and
> (b) state the reasons for the delay.
> (3C) Where the controller reasonably requires further information in order to identify the information or processing activities to which a request under section 45(1) relates—
> (a) the controller may ask the data subject to provide the further information, and
> (b) the period beginning with the day on which the controller makes the request and ending with the day on which the controller receives the information does not count towards—
> (i) the applicable time period, or
> (ii) the period described in subsection [(3B)](#p08773)[(a)](#p08777).
> (ii) the period described in subsection (3B)(a).
> (3D) An example of a case in which a controller may reasonably require further information is where the controller processes a large amount of information concerning the data subject.
, and
@@ -3205,7 +3205,7 @@
- (a) in subsection (14), for the definition of “the applicable time period” substitute—
> - “*the applicable time period*” means the period of one month beginning with the relevant time, subject to [subsection (14A)](#p08839);
> - “*the applicable time period*” means the period of one month beginning with the relevant time, subject to subsection (14A);
, and
@@ -3214,7 +3214,7 @@
> (14A) The controller may, by giving notice to the data subject, extend the applicable time period by two further months where that is necessary by reason of—
> (a) the complexity of requests made by the data subject, or
> (b) the number of such requests.
> (14B) A notice under [subsection (14A)](#p08839) must—
> (14B) A notice under subsection (14A) must—
> (a) be given before the end of the period of one month beginning with the relevant time, and
> (b) state the reasons for the delay.
@@ -3274,7 +3274,7 @@
- (b) in paragraph 3, after “processing” insert “to which the data subject is entitled under paragraph 1”.
- (2) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/78/3/2025-11-17) and [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/78/4/2025-11-17).
- (2) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections (3) and (4).
- (3) In section 45 (law enforcement processing: right of access by the data subject), after subsection (2) insert—
@@ -3294,9 +3294,9 @@
- (2) In section 43 (overview and scope of Chapter 3 of Part 3: rights of the data subject in connection with law enforcement processing)—
- (a) in subsection (1)(a), for “section 44” substitute “sections 44 and [45A](#p09064)”, and
- (b) in subsection (1)(b), for “section 45” substitute “sections 45 and [45A](#p09064)”.
- (a) in subsection (1)(a), for “section 44” substitute “sections 44 and 45A”, and
- (b) in subsection (1)(b), for “section 45” substitute “sections 45 and 45A”.
- (3) For the italic heading before section 44 substitute—
@@ -3312,37 +3312,37 @@
> (1) Sections 44(2) and 45(1) do not require the controller to give the data subject—
> (a) information in respect of which a claim to legal professional privilege or, in Scotland, confidentiality of communications could be maintained in legal proceedings, or
> (b) information in respect of which a duty of confidentiality is owed by a professional legal adviser to a client of the adviser.
> (2) A controller relying on the exemption in subsection [(1)](#p09066) must inform the data subject in writing without undue delay of—
> (2) A controller relying on the exemption in subsection (1) must inform the data subject in writing without undue delay of—
> (a) the decision to rely on the exemption,
> (b) the reason for the decision,
> (c) the data subject’s right to make a request to the Commissioner under section 51,
> (d) the data subject’s right to lodge a complaint with the Commissioner under section 165, and
> (e) the data subject’s right to apply to a court under section 167.
> (3) Subsection [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/79/2/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/79/2/a/2025-11-17) and [(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/79/2/b/2025-11-17) do not apply to the extent that complying with them would—
> (a) undermine a claim described in subsection [(1)](#p09066)[(a)](#p09069), or
> (b) conflict with a duty described in subsection [(1)](#p09066)[(b)](#p09073).
> (3) Subsection (2)(a) and (b) do not apply to the extent that complying with them would—
> (a) undermine a claim described in subsection (1)(a), or
> (b) conflict with a duty described in subsection (1)(b).
> (4) The controller must—
> (a) record the reason for a decision to rely on the exemption in subsection [(1)](#p09066), and
> (a) record the reason for a decision to rely on the exemption in subsection (1), and
> (b) if requested to do so by the Commissioner, make the record available to the Commissioner.
> (5) The reference in subsection [(1)](#p09066) to sections 44(2) and 45(1) includes sections 35 to 40 so far as their provisions correspond to the rights and obligations provided for in sections 44(2) and 45(1).
> (5) The reference in subsection (1) to sections 44(2) and 45(1) includes sections 35 to 40 so far as their provisions correspond to the rights and obligations provided for in sections 44(2) and 45(1).
- (7) In section 51 (exercise of rights through the Commissioner)—
- (a) in subsection (1), after paragraph (b) (but before the “or” at the end of that paragraph) insert—
> (ba) relies on the exemption from sections 44(2) and 45(1) in section [45A](#p09064) (legal professional privilege),
> (ba) relies on the exemption from sections 44(2) and 45(1) in section 45A (legal professional privilege),
,
- (b) in subsection (2), after paragraph (a) insert—
> (aa) where subsection (1)[(ba)](#p09151) applies, request the Commissioner to check that the controller was entitled to rely on the exemption;
> (aa) where subsection (1)(ba) applies, request the Commissioner to check that the controller was entitled to rely on the exemption;
,
- (c) in subsection (4), after paragraph (a) insert—
> (aa) where subsection (1)[(ba)](#p09151) applies, whether the Commissioner is satisfied that the controller was entitled to rely on the exemption;
> (aa) where subsection (1)(ba) applies, whether the Commissioner is satisfied that the controller was entitled to rely on the exemption;
, and
@@ -3392,12 +3392,12 @@
> (4) Regulations under paragraph 3 may not amend Article 22C.
> (5) Regulations under this Article are subject to the affirmative resolution procedure.
- (2) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/80/3/2025-11-17) to [(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/80/5/2025-11-17).
- (2) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections (3) to (5).
- (3) For sections 49 and 50 (law enforcement processing: automated individual decision-making) substitute—
> (50A)
> (1) For the purposes of sections [50B](#p09376) and [50C](#p09391)—
> (1) For the purposes of sections 50B and 50C—
> (a) a decision is based solely on automated processing if there is no meaningful human involvement in the taking of the decision, and
> (b) a decision is a significant decision, in relation to a data subject, if—
> (i) it produces an adverse legal effect for the data subject, or
@@ -3408,17 +3408,17 @@
> (2) The first condition is that the decision is based entirely on processing of personal data to which the data subject has given explicit consent.
> (3) The second condition is that the decision is required or authorised by law.
> (50C)
> (1) Subject to subsection [(3)](#p09432), where a significant decision taken by or on behalf of a controller in relation to a data subject is—
> (1) Subject to subsection (3), where a significant decision taken by or on behalf of a controller in relation to a data subject is—
> (a) based entirely or partly on personal data, and
> (b) based solely on automated processing,
> the controller must ensure that safeguards for the data subject’s rights, freedoms and legitimate interests are in place which comply with subsection [(2)](#p09411) and any regulations under section [50D](#p09480)[(4)](#p09507).
> the controller must ensure that safeguards for the data subject’s rights, freedoms and legitimate interests are in place which comply with subsection (2) and any regulations under section 50D(4).
> (2) The safeguards must consist of or include measures which—
> (a) provide the data subject with information about decisions described in subsection [(1)](#p09393) taken in relation to the data subject;
> (a) provide the data subject with information about decisions described in subsection (1) taken in relation to the data subject;
> (b) enable the data subject to make representations about such decisions;
> (c) enable the data subject to obtain human intervention on the part of the controller in relation to such decisions;
> (d) enable the data subject to contest such decisions.
> (3) Subsections [(1)](#p09393) and [(2)](#p09411) do not apply in relation to a significant decision if—
> (a) exemption from those provisions is required for a reason listed in subsection [(4)](#p09451),
> (3) Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply in relation to a significant decision if—
> (a) exemption from those provisions is required for a reason listed in subsection (4),
> (b) the controller reconsiders the decision as soon as reasonably practicable, and
> (c) there is meaningful human involvement in the reconsideration of the decision.
> (4) Those reasons are—
@@ -3429,13 +3429,13 @@
> (e) to protect the rights and freedoms of others.
> (5) When considering whether there is meaningful human involvement in the reconsideration of a decision, a person must consider, among other things, the extent to which the conclusion reached on reconsideration is reached by means of profiling.
> (50D)
> (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations provide that, for the purposes of sections [50A](#p09347)[(1)](#p09349)[(a)](#p09354) and [50C](#p09391)[(3)](#p09432)[(c)](#p09446), there is, or is not, to be taken to be meaningful human involvement in the taking or reconsideration of a decision in cases described in the regulations.
> (2) The Secretary of State may by regulations provide that, for the purposes of section [50A](#p09347)[(1)](#p09349)[(b)](#p09358)[(ii)](#p09365), a description of decision is, or is not, to be taken to have a similarly significant adverse effect for the data subject.
> (3) Regulations under subsection [(1)](#p09482) or [(2)](#p09492) may amend section [50A](#p09347).
> (4) The Secretary of State may by regulations make the following types of provision about the safeguards required under section [50C](#p09391)[(1)](#p09393)—
> (a) provision requiring the safeguards to include measures in addition to those described in section [50C](#p09391)[(2)](#p09411),
> (b) provision imposing requirements which supplement what section [50C](#p09391)[(2)](#p09411) requires the safeguards to consist of or include (including, for example, provision about how and when things described in section [50C](#p09391)[(2)](#p09411) must be done or be capable of being done), and
> (c) provision about measures which are not to be taken to satisfy one or more of paragraphs [(a)](#p09414) to [(d)](#p09427) of section [50C](#p09391)[(2)](#p09411).
> (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations provide that, for the purposes of sections 50A(1)(a) and 50C(3)(c), there is, or is not, to be taken to be meaningful human involvement in the taking or reconsideration of a decision in cases described in the regulations.
> (2) The Secretary of State may by regulations provide that, for the purposes of section 50A(1)(b)(ii), a description of decision is, or is not, to be taken to have a similarly significant adverse effect for the data subject.
> (3) Regulations under subsection (1) or (2) may amend section 50A.
> (4) The Secretary of State may by regulations make the following types of provision about the safeguards required under section 50C(1)—
> (a) provision requiring the safeguards to include measures in addition to those described in section 50C(2),
> (b) provision imposing requirements which supplement what section 50C(2) requires the safeguards to consist of or include (including, for example, provision about how and when things described in section 50C(2) must be done or be capable of being done), and
> (c) provision about measures which are not to be taken to satisfy one or more of paragraphs (a) to (d) of section 50C(2).
> (5) Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative resolution procedure.
- (4) In section 96 (intelligence services processing: right not to be subject to automated decision-making)—
@@ -3456,7 +3456,7 @@
- (c) omit subsection (6).
- (6) [Schedule 6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/6/2025-11-17) to this Act contains minor and consequential amendments.
- (6) Schedule 6 to this Act contains minor and consequential amendments.
### Obligations of controllers
@@ -3516,29 +3516,29 @@
- (2) In section 55(1) (overview and scope of provisions about controllers and processors), at the end insert—
> (e) makes provision about codes of conduct (see section [71A](#p09743)).
> (e) makes provision about codes of conduct (see section 71A).
- (3) In section 56 (general obligations of the controller), at the end insert—
> (4) Adherence to a code of conduct approved under section [71A](#p09743) may be used by a controller as a means of demonstrating compliance with the requirements of this Part.
> (4) Adherence to a code of conduct approved under section 71A may be used by a controller as a means of demonstrating compliance with the requirements of this Part.
- (4) In section 59 (processors), after subsection (7) insert—
> (7A) Adherence to a code of conduct approved under section [71A](#p09743) may be used by a processor as a means of demonstrating sufficient guarantees as described in subsection (2).
> (7A) Adherence to a code of conduct approved under section 71A may be used by a processor as a means of demonstrating sufficient guarantees as described in subsection (2).
- (5) In section 66 (security of processing), at the end insert—
> (3) Adherence to a code of conduct approved under section [71A](#p09743) may be used by a controller or processor as a means of demonstrating compliance with subsection (1).
> (3) Adherence to a code of conduct approved under section 71A may be used by a controller or processor as a means of demonstrating compliance with subsection (1).
- (6) After section 71 insert—
> (71A)
> (1) The Commissioner must encourage expert public bodies to produce codes of conduct intended to contribute to compliance with this Part.
> (2) Under [subsection (1)](#p09745), the Commissioner must, among other things, encourage the production of codes which take account of the specific features of the various processing sectors.
> (2) Under subsection (1), the Commissioner must, among other things, encourage the production of codes which take account of the specific features of the various processing sectors.
> (3) For the purposes of this section—
> (a) “*public body*” means a body or other person whose functions are, or include, functions of a public nature, and
> (b) a public body is “expert” if, in the Commissioner’s opinion, the body has the knowledge and experience needed to produce a code of conduct described in [subsection (1)](#p09745).
> (4) A code of conduct described in [subsection (1)](#p09745) may, for example, make provision with regard to—
> (b) a public body is “expert” if, in the Commissioner’s opinion, the body has the knowledge and experience needed to produce a code of conduct described in subsection (1).
> (4) A code of conduct described in subsection (1) may, for example, make provision with regard to—
> (a) lawful and fair processing;
> (b) the collection of personal data;
> (c) the information provided to the public and to data subjects;
@@ -3552,7 +3552,7 @@
> (a) provide the body with an opinion on whether the code correctly reflects the requirements of this Part,
> (b) decide whether to approve the code, and
> (c) if the code is approved, register and publish the code.
> (7) Subsections [(5)](#p09804) and [(6)](#p09808) apply in relation to amendments of a code of conduct that is for the time being approved under this section as they apply in relation to a code.
> (7) Subsections (5) and (6) apply in relation to amendments of a code of conduct that is for the time being approved under this section as they apply in relation to a code.
### International transfers of personal data
@@ -3560,15 +3560,15 @@
##### 85
- (1) [Schedule 7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-11-17) amends Chapter 5 of the UK GDPR (general processing and transfers of personal data to third countries and international organisations).
- (2) [Schedule 8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/8/2025-11-17) amends Chapter 5 of Part 3 of the 2018 Act (law enforcement processing and transfers of personal data to third countries and international organisations).
- (3) In Schedule [9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/2025-11-17)—
- (a) Part [1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/part/1/2025-11-17) contains minor and consequential amendments, and
- (b) Part [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/part/2/2025-11-17) contains transitional provision.
- (1) Schedule 7 amends Chapter 5 of the UK GDPR (general processing and transfers of personal data to third countries and international organisations).
- (2) Schedule 8 amends Chapter 5 of Part 3 of the 2018 Act (law enforcement processing and transfers of personal data to third countries and international organisations).
- (3) In Schedule 9—
- (a) Part 1 contains minor and consequential amendments, and
- (b) Part 2 contains transitional provision.
### Safeguards for processing for research etc purposes
@@ -3576,7 +3576,7 @@
##### 86
- (1) The UK GDPR is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/86/2/2025-11-17) to [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/86/4/2025-11-17).
- (1) The UK GDPR is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (4).
- (2) After Chapter 8 insert—
@@ -3598,8 +3598,8 @@
> (3) The requirement is not satisfied if the processing is carried out for the purposes of measures or decisions with respect to a particular data subject to whom the personal data relates, except where the purposes for which the processing is carried out include the purposes of approved medical research.
> (4) The requirement is only satisfied if the safeguards include technical and organisational measures for the purpose of ensuring respect for the principle of data minimisation (see Article 5(1)(c)), such as, for example, pseudonymisation.
> (5) In this Article—
> - “*approved medical research*” means medical research carried out by a person who has approval to carry out that research from— a research ethics committee recognised or established by the Health Research Authority under Chapter 2 of Part 3 of the Care Act 2014, or a body appointed by any of the following for the purpose of assessing the ethics of research involving individuals— the Secretary of State, the Scottish Ministers, the Welsh Ministers or a Northern Ireland department; a relevant NHS body; United Kingdom Research and Innovation or a body that is a Research Council for the purposes of the Science and Technology Act 1965; an institution that is a research institution for the purposes of Chapter 4A of Part 7 of the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 (see section 457 of that Act);
> - “*relevant NHS body*” means— an NHS trust or NHS foundation trust in England, an NHS trust or Local Health Board in Wales, a Health Board or Special Health Board constituted under section 2 of the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978, the Common Services Agency for the Scottish Health Service, or any of the health and social care bodies in Northern Ireland falling within paragraphs (b) to (e) of section 1(5) of the Health and Social Care (Reform) Act (Northern Ireland) [2009 (c. 1 (N.I.))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nia/2009/1).
> - “*approved medical research*” means medical research carried out by a person who has approval to carry out that research from—a research ethics committee recognised or established by the Health Research Authority under Chapter 2 of Part 3 of the Care Act 2014, ora body appointed by any of the following for the purpose of assessing the ethics of research involving individuals—the Secretary of State, the Scottish Ministers, the Welsh Ministers or a Northern Ireland department;a relevant NHS body;United Kingdom Research and Innovation or a body that is a Research Council for the purposes of the Science and Technology Act 1965;an institution that is a research institution for the purposes of Chapter 4A of Part 7 of the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 (see section 457 of that Act);
> - “*relevant NHS body*” means—an NHS trust or NHS foundation trust in England,an NHS trust or Local Health Board in Wales,a Health Board or Special Health Board constituted under section 2 of the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978,the Common Services Agency for the Scottish Health Service, orany of the health and social care bodies in Northern Ireland falling within paragraphs (b) to (e) of section 1(5) of the Health and Social Care (Reform) Act (Northern Ireland) [2009 (c. 1 (N.I.))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nia/2009/1).
> (Article 84D)
> (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations make further provision about when the requirement for appropriate safeguards under Article 84B(2) is, or is not, satisfied.
> (2) Regulations under this Article may not amend or revoke Article 84C(2), (3) or (4) (but may change the meaning of “*approved medical research*” for the purposes of Article 84C).
@@ -3609,7 +3609,7 @@
- (4) Omit Article 89 (safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes).
- (5) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections [(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/86/6/2025-11-17) and [(7)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/86/7/2025-11-17).
- (5) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections (6) and (7).
- (6) Omit section 19 (processing for archiving, research and statistical purposes: safeguards) and the italic heading before it.
@@ -3653,7 +3653,7 @@
##### 88
- (1) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/88/2/2025-11-17) to [(10)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/88/10/2025-11-17).
- (1) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (10).
- (2) In section 26(2)(f) (national security and defence exemption), before sub-paragraph (i) insert—
@@ -3694,14 +3694,14 @@
- (7) In Chapter 6 of Part 3 (law enforcement processing: supplementary), before section 79 insert—
> (78A)
> (1) A provision mentioned in subsection [(2)](#p10196) does not apply to personal data processed for law enforcement purposes if exemption from the provision is required for the purposes of safeguarding national security.
> (1) A provision mentioned in subsection (2) does not apply to personal data processed for law enforcement purposes if exemption from the provision is required for the purposes of safeguarding national security.
> (2) The provisions are—
> (a) Chapter 2 of this Part (principles), except for the provisions listed in subsection [(3)](#p10254);
> (a) Chapter 2 of this Part (principles), except for the provisions listed in subsection (3);
> (b) Chapter 3 of this Part (rights of the data subject);
> (c) in Chapter 4 of this Part—
> (i) section 67 (notification of personal data breach to the Commissioner);
> (ii) section 68 (communication of personal data breach to the data subject);
> (d) Chapter 5 of this Part (transfers of personal data to third countries etc), except for the provisions listed in subsection [(4)](#p10275);
> (d) Chapter 5 of this Part (transfers of personal data to third countries etc), except for the provisions listed in subsection (4);
> (e) in Part 5—
> (i) section 119 (inspection in accordance with international obligations);
> (ii) in Schedule 13 (other general functions of the Commissioner), paragraphs 1(1)(a) and (g) and 2;
@@ -3709,12 +3709,12 @@
> (i) sections 142 to 154 and Schedule 15 (Commissioner’s notices and powers of entry and inspection);
> (ii) sections 170 to 173 (offences relating to personal data);
> (g) in Part 7, section 187 (representation of data subjects).
> (3) The provisions of Chapter 2 of this Part (principles) which are excepted from the list in subsection [(2)](#p10196) are—
> (3) The provisions of Chapter 2 of this Part (principles) which are excepted from the list in subsection (2) are—
> (a) section 35(1) (the first data protection principle) so far as it requires processing of personal data to be lawful;
> (b) section 35(2) to (5) (lawfulness of processing and restrictions on sensitive processing);
> (c) section 42 (safeguards: sensitive processing);
> (d) Schedule 8 (conditions for sensitive processing).
> (4) The provisions of Chapter 5 of this Part (transfers of personal data to third countries etc) which are excepted from the list in subsection [(2)](#p10196) are—
> (4) The provisions of Chapter 5 of this Part (transfers of personal data to third countries etc) which are excepted from the list in subsection (2) are—
> (a) the following provisions of section 73—
> (i) subsection (1)(a) (conditions for transfer), so far as it relates to the condition in subsection (2) of that section, and subsection (2) (transfer must be necessary for a law enforcement purpose);
> (ii) subsections (1)(b), (5) and (6) (conditions for transfer of personal data originally made available by a member State);
@@ -3726,11 +3726,11 @@
- (b) after subsection (3) insert—
> (3A) Subject to subsection (5), a certificate signed by a Minister of the Crown certifying that exemption from all or any of the provisions listed in [section 78A](#p10189)[(2)](#p10196) is, or at any time was, required in relation to any personal data for the purposes of safeguarding national security is conclusive evidence of that fact.
> (3A) Subject to subsection (5), a certificate signed by a Minister of the Crown certifying that exemption from all or any of the provisions listed in section 78A(2) is, or at any time was, required in relation to any personal data for the purposes of safeguarding national security is conclusive evidence of that fact.
,
- (c) in subsection (4), for “subsection (1)” substitute “subsection [(3A)](#p10311)—
- (c) in subsection (4), for “subsection (1)” substitute “subsection (3A)—
> (a) may identify the personal data to which it applies by means of a general description, and
> (b)
@@ -3741,7 +3741,7 @@
- (e) in subsection (7)—
- (i) for “a restriction falls within a general description in a certificate issued under subsection (1)” substitute “a certificate under subsection [(3A)](#p10311) which identifies the personal data to which it applies by means of a general description applies to any personal data”, and
- (i) for “a restriction falls within a general description in a certificate issued under subsection (1)” substitute “a certificate under subsection (3A) which identifies the personal data to which it applies by means of a general description applies to any personal data”, and
- (ii) for “the restriction does not fall within that description” substitute “the certificate does not apply to the personal data in question”,
@@ -3751,11 +3751,11 @@
- (ii) for “to fall within the general description” substitute “so to apply”,
- (g) in subsection (10), for “subsection (1)” substitute “subsection [(3A)](#p10311)”,
- (h) in subsection (11), for “subsection (1)” substitute “subsection [(3A)](#p10311)”,
- (i) in subsection (12), for “subsection (1)” substitute “subsection [(3A)](#p10311)”, and
- (g) in subsection (10), for “subsection (1)” substitute “subsection (3A)”,
- (h) in subsection (11), for “subsection (1)” substitute “subsection (3A)”,
- (i) in subsection (12), for “subsection (1)” substitute “subsection (3A)”, and
- (j) omit subsection (13).
@@ -3769,11 +3769,11 @@
- (10) In section 186(3) (data subject’s rights etc: exceptions), after paragraph (c) insert—
> (ca) in Part 3 of this Act, [section 78A](#p10189), and
> (ca) in Part 3 of this Act, section 78A, and
.
- (11) In the provisions listed in subsection [(12)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/88/12/2025-11-17), for “subsection (4) of that section” substitute “section 45(4) or 78A of that Act”.
- (11) In the provisions listed in subsection (12), for “subsection (4) of that section” substitute “section 45(4) or 78A of that Act”.
- (12) The provisions are—
@@ -3803,7 +3803,7 @@
> (A1) This Part—
> (a) applies to processing of personal data by an intelligence service, and
> (b) applies to processing of personal data by a qualifying competent authority where the processing is the subject of a designation notice that is for the time being in force (see sections [82A](#p10530) to [82E](#p10782)).
> (b) applies to processing of personal data by a qualifying competent authority where the processing is the subject of a designation notice that is for the time being in force (see sections 82A to 82E).
,
@@ -3839,7 +3839,7 @@
> (b) an international organisation.
> (4) A designation notice must—
> (a) specify or describe the processing and qualifying competent authority that are designated, and
> (b) be given to the applicants for the designation (and see also section [82D](#p10714)).
> (b) be given to the applicants for the designation (and see also section 82D).
> (5) An application for designation of processing of personal data by a qualifying competent authority must be made jointly by—
> (a) the qualifying competent authority, and
> (b) the intelligence service with which the processing is to be carried out.
@@ -3854,10 +3854,10 @@
> (2) A designation notice ceases to be in force at the earliest of the following times—
> (a) at the end of the period of 5 years beginning when the notice comes into force;
> (b) (if relevant) at the end of a shorter period specified in the notice;
> (c) when the notice is withdrawn under section [82C](#p10638).
> (c) when the notice is withdrawn under section 82C.
> (3) The Secretary of State may give a further designation notice in respect of processing that is, or has been, the subject of a previous designation notice.
> (82C)
> (1) Subsections [(2)](#p10646) to [(4)](#p10662) apply where processing is the subject of a designation notice for the time being in force.
> (1) Subsections (2) to (4) apply where processing is the subject of a designation notice for the time being in force.
> (2) A person who applied for the designation of the processing must notify the Secretary of State without undue delay if the person considers that the designation is no longer required for the purposes of safeguarding national security.
> (3) A person who applied for the designation of the processing must, on a request from the Secretary of State, provide—
> (a) a description of the processing that is being, or is intended to be, carried out in reliance on the notice, and
@@ -3867,11 +3867,11 @@
> (b) consider whether designation of the processing which is the subject of the notice continues to be required for the purposes of safeguarding national security.
> (5) The Secretary of State—
> (a) may withdraw a designation notice by giving a further notice (a “withdrawal notice”) to the persons who applied for the designation, and
> (b) must give a withdrawal notice if the Secretary of State considers that designation of some or all of the processing to which the notice applies is no longer required for the purposes of safeguarding national security (whether as a result of a review required under [subsection (4)](#p10662) or otherwise).
> (b) must give a withdrawal notice if the Secretary of State considers that designation of some or all of the processing to which the notice applies is no longer required for the purposes of safeguarding national security (whether as a result of a review required under subsection (4) or otherwise).
> (6) A withdrawal notice must—
> (a) withdraw the designation notice completely, and
> (b) state when it comes into force.
> (7) In determining when a withdrawal notice required under [subsection (5)](#p10674)[(b)](#p10681) comes into force, the Secretary of State must consider—
> (7) In determining when a withdrawal notice required under subsection (5)(b) comes into force, the Secretary of State must consider—
> (a) the desirability of the processing ceasing to be designated as soon as possible, and
> (b) where relevant, the time needed to effect an orderly transition to new arrangements for the processing of personal data.
> (82D)
@@ -3882,7 +3882,7 @@
> (a) the Secretary of State’s name,
> (b) the date on which the notice was given,
> (c) the date on which the notice ceases to have effect (if not previously withdrawn), and
> (d) subject to [subsection (3)](#p10749), the rest of the text of the notice.
> (d) subject to subsection (3), the rest of the text of the notice.
> (3) The Commissioner must not publish the text, or a part of the text, of the notice if—
> (a) the Secretary of State has determined that publishing the text or that part of the text—
> (i) would be against the interests of national security,
@@ -3901,13 +3901,13 @@
##### 90
- (1) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/90/2/2025-11-17) to [(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/90/9/2025-11-17).
- (1) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (9).
- (2) In section 1(5) (overview: Part 4), at the end insert “(and certain processing carried out by competent authorities jointly with the intelligence services)”.
- (3) In section 29 (processing to which Part 3 applies), after subsection (1) insert—
> (1A) This Part does not apply to processing to which Part 4 applies by virtue of a designation notice (see section [82A](#p10530)).
> (1A) This Part does not apply to processing to which Part 4 applies by virtue of a designation notice (see section 82A).
- (4) In section 83 (meaning of “controller” and “processor” in Part 4)—
@@ -3927,19 +3927,19 @@
- (a) after subsection (2) insert—
> (2A) “*Designation notice*” has the meaning given in [section 82A](#p10530).
> (2A) “*Designation notice*” has the meaning given in section 82A.
, and
- (b) before subsection (7) insert—
> (6B) “*Withdrawal notice*” has the meaning given in [section 82C](#p10638).
> (6B) “*Withdrawal notice*” has the meaning given in section 82C.
- (6) In section 104(1) (joint controllers), for “intelligence services” substitute “controllers”.
- (7) In section 202(1)(a)(i) (proceedings in the First-tier Tribunal: contempt) after “79,” insert “[82E](#p10782),”.
- (8) In section 203(1) (Tribunal Procedure Rules), after “79,” insert “[82E](#p10782),”.
- (7) In section 202(1)(a)(i) (proceedings in the First-tier Tribunal: contempt) after “79,” insert “82E,”.
- (8) In section 203(1) (Tribunal Procedure Rules), after “79,” insert “82E,”.
- (9) In section 206 (index of defined expressions), in the Table—
@@ -3974,7 +3974,7 @@
##### 91
- (1) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/91/2/2025-11-17) to [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/91/4/2025-11-17).
- (1) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (4).
- (2) Omit section 2(2) (duty of Commissioner when carrying out functions).
@@ -3991,7 +3991,7 @@
> (e) the fact that children merit specific protection with regard to their personal data because they may be less aware of the risks and consequences associated with processing of personal data and of their rights in relation to such processing.
> (120C)
> (1) The Commissioner must prepare a strategy for carrying out the Commissioner’s functions under the data protection legislation in accordance with the Commissioner’s duties under—
> (a) sections [120A](#p10965) and [120B](#p10978),
> (a) sections 120A and 120B,
> (b) section 108 of the Deregulation Act 2015 (exercise of regulatory functions: economic growth), and
> (c) section 21 of the Legislative and Regulatory Reform Act 2006 (exercise of regulatory functions: principles).
> (2) The Commissioner must—
@@ -3999,7 +3999,7 @@
> (b) revise the strategy as appropriate.
> (3) The Commissioner must publish the strategy and any revised strategy.
> (120D)
> (1) The Commissioner must, at such times as the Commissioner considers appropriate, consult the persons mentioned in subsection [(2)](#p11047) about how the manner in which the Commissioner exercises functions under the data protection legislation may affect economic growth, innovation and competition.
> (1) The Commissioner must, at such times as the Commissioner considers appropriate, consult the persons mentioned in subsection (2) about how the manner in which the Commissioner exercises functions under the data protection legislation may affect economic growth, innovation and competition.
> (2) The persons are—
> (a) such persons exercising regulatory functions as the Commissioner considers appropriate;
> (b) such other persons as the Commissioner considers appropriate.
@@ -4009,20 +4009,20 @@
> (1A) In connection with the Commissioner’s functions under the data protection legislation, the report must contain (among other things)—
> (a) a review of what the Commissioner has done during the reporting period to comply with the duties under—
> (i) sections [120A](#p10965) and [120B](#p10978),
> (i) sections 120A and 120B,
> (ii) section 108 of the Deregulation Act 2015, and
> (iii) section 21 of the Legislative and Regulatory Reform Act 2006,
> including a review of the operation of the strategy prepared and published under [section 120C](#p11003);
> (b) a review of what the Commissioner has done during the reporting period to comply with the duty under [section 120D](#p11040).
> (1B) In subsection [(1A)](#p11072), “*the reporting period*” means the period to which the report relates.
- (5) The Information Commissioner must prepare and publish a strategy in accordance with [section 120C](#p11003) of the 2018 Act before the end of the period of 18 months beginning with the day on which this section comes into force.
> including a review of the operation of the strategy prepared and published under section 120C;
> (b) a review of what the Commissioner has done during the reporting period to comply with the duty under section 120D.
> (1B) In subsection (1A), “*the reporting period*” means the period to which the report relates.
- (5) The Information Commissioner must prepare and publish a strategy in accordance with section 120C of the 2018 Act before the end of the period of 18 months beginning with the day on which this section comes into force.
#### Codes of practice for the processing of personal data
##### 92
- (1) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/92/2/2025-11-17) to [(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/92/6/2025-11-17).
- (1) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (6).
- (2) After section 124 insert—
@@ -4044,11 +4044,11 @@
- (3) In section 125 (approval of codes prepared under sections 121 to 124)—
- (a) in the heading, for “124” substitute “[124A](#p11128)”,
- (b) in subsection (1), for “or 124” substitute “, 124 or [124A](#p11128)”,
- (c) in subsection (3), for “or 124” substitute “, 124 or [124A](#p11128)”,
- (a) in the heading, for “124” substitute “124A”,
- (b) in subsection (1), for “or 124” substitute “, 124 or 124A”,
- (c) in subsection (3), for “or 124” substitute “, 124 or 124A”,
- (d) for subsection (5) substitute—
@@ -4056,44 +4056,44 @@
, and
- (e) in subsection (9), for “or 124” substitute “, 124 or [124A](#p11128)”.
- (4) In section 126 (publication and review of codes issued under section 125(4)), in subsection (4), for “or 124(2)” substitute “, 124(2) or [124A](#p11128)[(3)](#p11146)”.
- (e) in subsection (9), for “or 124” substitute “, 124 or 124A”.
- (4) In section 126 (publication and review of codes issued under section 125(4)), in subsection (4), for “or 124(2)” substitute “, 124(2) or 124A(3)”.
- (5) Omit section 128 (other codes of practice).
- (6) In section 129 (consensual audits), in subsection (3), for “128” substitute “[124A](#p11128)”.
- (7) In section 19AC of the Registration Service Act 1953 (code of practice), in subsection (11), for “128” substitute “[124A](#p11128)”.
- (6) In section 129 (consensual audits), in subsection (3), for “128” substitute “124A”.
- (7) In section 19AC of the Registration Service Act 1953 (code of practice), in subsection (11), for “128” substitute “124A”.
- (8) In the Statistics and Registration Service Act 2007—
- (a) in section 45 (information held by HMRC), in subsection (4A), for “128” substitute “[124A](#p11128)”,
- (b) in section 45A (information held by other public authorities), in subsection (8), for “128” substitute “[124A](#p11128)”,
- (c) in section 45E (further provisions about powers in sections 45B, 45C and 45D), in subsection (16), for “128” substitute “[124A](#p11128)”, and
- (d) in section 53A (disclosure by the Board to devolved administrations), in subsection (9), for “128” substitute “[124A](#p11128)”.
- (a) in section 45 (information held by HMRC), in subsection (4A), for “128” substitute “124A”,
- (b) in section 45A (information held by other public authorities), in subsection (8), for “128” substitute “124A”,
- (c) in section 45E (further provisions about powers in sections 45B, 45C and 45D), in subsection (16), for “128” substitute “124A”, and
- (d) in section 53A (disclosure by the Board to devolved administrations), in subsection (9), for “128” substitute “124A”.
- (9) In the Digital Economy Act 2017—
- (a) in section 43 (code of practice), in subsection (13), for “128” substitute “[124A](#p11128)”,
- (b) in section 52 (code of practice), in subsection (13), for “128” substitute “[124A](#p11128)”,
- (c) in section 60 (code of practice), in subsection (13), for “128” substitute “[124A](#p11128)”, and
- (d) in section 70 (code of practice), in subsection (15), for “128” substitute “[124A](#p11128)”.
- (a) in section 43 (code of practice), in subsection (13), for “128” substitute “124A”,
- (b) in section 52 (code of practice), in subsection (13), for “128” substitute “124A”,
- (c) in section 60 (code of practice), in subsection (13), for “128” substitute “124A”, and
- (d) in section 70 (code of practice), in subsection (15), for “128” substitute “124A”.
#### Codes of practice: panels and impact assessments
##### 93
In the 2018 Act, after section [124A](#p11128) (inserted by [section 92](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/92/2025-11-17) of this Act) insert—
In the 2018 Act, after section 124A (inserted by section 92 of this Act) insert—
> (124B)
> (1) This section applies where a code is prepared under section 121, 122, 123, 124 or [124A](#p11128), subject to subsection [(11)](#p11428).
> (1) This section applies where a code is prepared under section 121, 122, 123, 124 or 124A, subject to subsection (11).
> (2) The Commissioner must establish a panel of individuals to consider the code.
> (3) The panel must consist of—
> (a) individuals the Commissioner considers have expertise in the subject matter of the code, and
@@ -4108,7 +4108,7 @@
> (iii) explains the process by which they were selected, and
> (iv) explains the reasons for their selection.
> (5) Where at any time it appears to the Commissioner that a member of the panel is not willing or able to serve as a member of the panel, the Commissioner may select another individual to be a member of the panel.
> (6) Where the Commissioner selects an individual to be a member of the panel under subsection [(5)](#p11361), the Commissioner must publish a statement that—
> (6) Where the Commissioner selects an individual to be a member of the panel under subsection (5), the Commissioner must publish a statement that—
> (a) identifies the member of the panel,
> (b) explains the process by which the member was selected, and
> (c) explains the reasons for the member’s selection.
@@ -4122,23 +4122,23 @@
> (ii) the report or a summary of it, and
> (iii) in a case where a recommendation in the report to alter the code has not been accepted by the Commissioner, an explanation of why it has not been accepted.
> (9) The Commissioner may pay remuneration and expenses to the members of the panel.
> (10) This section applies in relation to amendments prepared under section 121, 122, 123, 124 or [124A](#p11128) as it applies in relation to codes prepared under those sections, subject to subsection [(11)](#p11428).
> (10) This section applies in relation to amendments prepared under section 121, 122, 123, 124 or 124A as it applies in relation to codes prepared under those sections, subject to subsection (11).
> (11) The Secretary of State may by regulations provide that this section does not apply, or applies with modifications, in the case of—
> (a) a code prepared under section [124A](#p11128), or
> (a) a code prepared under section 124A, or
> (b) an amendment of such a code,
> that is specified or described in the regulations.
> (12) Regulations under this section are subject to the negative resolution procedure.
> (124C)
> (1) Where a code is prepared under section 121, 122, 123, 124 or [124A](#p11128), the Commissioner must carry out and publish an assessment of—
> (1) Where a code is prepared under section 121, 122, 123, 124 or 124A, the Commissioner must carry out and publish an assessment of—
> (a) who would be likely to be affected by the code, and
> (b) the effect the code would be likely to have on them.
> (2) This section applies in relation to amendments prepared under section 121, 122, 123, 124 or [124A](#p11128) as it applies in relation to codes prepared under those sections.
> (2) This section applies in relation to amendments prepared under section 121, 122, 123, 124 or 124A as it applies in relation to codes prepared under those sections.
#### Manifestly unfounded or excessive requests to the Commissioner
##### 94
- (1) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/94/2/2025-11-17) and [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/94/3/2025-11-17).
- (1) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections (2) and (3).
- (2) In section 135 (manifestly unfounded or excessive requests made to the Commissioner)—
@@ -4187,7 +4187,7 @@
##### 96
- (1) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/96/2/2025-11-17) and [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/96/3/2025-11-17).
- (1) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections (2) and (3).
- (2) Omit section 141 (notices from the Commissioner).
@@ -4205,12 +4205,12 @@
> (b) in the case of a notice to a body corporate (other than a partnership), an officer of that body;
> (c) in the case of a notice to a partnership, a partner in the partnership or a person who has the control or management of the partnership business;
> (d) in the case of a notice to an unincorporated body (other than a partnership), a member of its governing body.
> (4) For the purposes of subsection [(2)](#p11594)[(b)](#p11601) and [(c)](#p11605), and section 7 of the Interpretation Act 1978 (services of documents by post) in its application to those provisions, a person’s proper address is—
> (4) For the purposes of subsection (2)(b) and (c), and section 7 of the Interpretation Act 1978 (services of documents by post) in its application to those provisions, a person’s proper address is—
> (a) in a case where the person has specified an address as one at which the person, or someone acting on the person’s behalf, will accept service of notices or other documents, that address;
> (b) in any other case, the address determined in accordance with subsection [(5)](#p11650).
> (b) in any other case, the address determined in accordance with subsection (5).
> (5) The address is—
> (a) in a case where the person is a body corporate with a registered office in the United Kingdom, that office;
> (b) in a case where paragraph [(a)](#p11653)does not apply and the person is a body corporate, partnership or unincorporated body with a principal office in the United Kingdom, that office;
> (b) in a case where paragraph (a) does not apply and the person is a body corporate, partnership or unincorporated body with a principal office in the United Kingdom, that office;
> (c) in any other case, an address in the United Kingdom at which the Commissioner believes, on reasonable grounds, that the notice will come to the attention of the person.
> (6) A person’s email address is—
> (a) an email address published for the time being by that person as an address for contacting that person, or
@@ -4330,7 +4330,7 @@
- (d) in subsection (12), before the definition of “domestic premises” insert—
> - “*approved person*”, in relation to a report, means a person approved to prepare the report in accordance with [section 146A](#p11924);
> - “*approved person*”, in relation to a report, means a person approved to prepare the report in accordance with section 146A;
.
@@ -4354,7 +4354,7 @@
- (b) at the end of paragraph (b) insert
> , or
> (c) has failed to comply with a duty imposed on the person by [section 146A](#p11924)[(6)](#p11958).
> (c) has failed to comply with a duty imposed on the person by section 146A(6).
- (5) In section 160 (guidance about regulatory action), in subsection (4), after paragraph (a) insert—
@@ -4381,14 +4381,14 @@
> (1) This section applies where the Commissioner suspects that a controller or processor—
> (a) has failed or is failing as described in section 149(2), or
> (b) has committed or is committing an offence under this Act.
> (2) For the purpose of investigating the suspected failure or offence, the Commissioner may, by written notice (an “interview notice”), require an individual within subsection [(3)](#p12046) to—
> (2) For the purpose of investigating the suspected failure or offence, the Commissioner may, by written notice (an “interview notice”), require an individual within subsection (3) to—
> (a) attend at a place specified in the notice, and
> (b) answer questions with respect to any matter relevant to the investigation.
> (3) An individual is within this subsection if the individual—
> (a) is the controller or processor,
> (b) is or was at any time employed by, or otherwise working for, the controller or processor, or
> (c) is or was at any time concerned in the management or control of the controller or processor.
> (4) An interview notice must specify the time at which the individual must attend at the specified place and answer questions (but see the restrictions in subsections [(6)](#p12084) and [(7)](#p12088)).
> (4) An interview notice must specify the time at which the individual must attend at the specified place and answer questions (but see the restrictions in subsections (6) and (7)).
> (5) An interview notice must—
> (a) indicate the nature of the suspected failure or offence that is the subject of the investigation,
> (b) provide information about the consequences of failure to comply with the notice, and
@@ -4398,7 +4398,7 @@
> (8) If an interview notice—
> (a) states that, in the Commissioner’s opinion, it is necessary for the individual to attend at the specified place and answer questions urgently, and
> (b) gives the Commissioner’s reasons for reaching that opinion,
> subsections [(6)](#p12084) and [(7)](#p12088) do not apply but the notice must not require the individual to attend at the specified place and answer questions before the end of the period of 24 hours beginning when the notice is given.
> subsections (6) and (7) do not apply but the notice must not require the individual to attend at the specified place and answer questions before the end of the period of 24 hours beginning when the notice is given.
> (9) The Commissioner may cancel or vary an interview notice by written notice to the individual to whom it was given.
> (148B)
> (1) An interview notice does not require an individual to answer questions to the extent that requiring the person to do so would involve an infringement of the privileges of either House of Parliament.
@@ -4409,14 +4409,14 @@
> (a) between a professional legal adviser and the adviser’s client or between such an adviser or client and another person,
> (b) in connection with or in contemplation of proceedings under or arising out of the data protection legislation, and
> (c) for the purposes of such proceedings.
> (4) In subsections [(2)](#p12119) and [(3)](#p12131), references to the client of a professional legal adviser include references to a person acting on behalf of the client.
> (4) In subsections (2) and (3), references to the client of a professional legal adviser include references to a person acting on behalf of the client.
> (5) An interview notice does not require an individual to answer questions if doing so would, by revealing evidence of the commission of an offence, expose the individual to proceedings for that offence.
> (6) The reference to an offence in [subsection (5)](#p12153) does not include an offence under—
> (6) The reference to an offence in subsection (5) does not include an offence under—
> (a) this Act;
> (b) section 5 of the Perjury Act 1911 (false statements made otherwise than on oath);
> (c) section 44(2) of the Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995 (false statements made otherwise than on oath);
> (d) Article 10 of the Perjury (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 ([S.I. 1979/1714 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1979/1714) (false statutory declarations and other false unsworn statements).
> (7) A statement made by an individual in response to an interview notice may not be used in evidence against that individual on a prosecution for an offence under this Act (other than an offence under section [148C](#p12200)) unless in the proceedings—
> (7) A statement made by an individual in response to an interview notice may not be used in evidence against that individual on a prosecution for an offence under this Act (other than an offence under section 148C) unless in the proceedings—
> (a) in giving evidence the individual provides information inconsistent with the statement, and
> (b) evidence relating to the statement is adduced, or a question relating to it is asked, by that individual or on that individual’s behalf.
> (8) The Commissioner may not give an interview notice with respect to the processing of personal data for the special purposes.
@@ -4429,7 +4429,7 @@
- (a) after “an assessment notice” insert “, an interview notice”, and
- (b) after “147” insert “, [148A](#p12019), [148B](#p12113)”.
- (b) after “147” insert “, 148A, 148B”.
- (4) In section 155 (penalty notices), in subsection (1)(b), after “assessment notice” insert “, an interview notice”.
@@ -4447,7 +4447,7 @@
> (5A) In relation to interview notices, the guidance must include—
> (a) provision specifying factors to be considered in determining whether to give an interview notice to an individual;
> (b) provision about the circumstances in which the Commissioner would consider it appropriate to give an interview notice to an individual in reliance on [section 148A](#p12019)[(8)](#p12092) (urgent cases);
> (b) provision about the circumstances in which the Commissioner would consider it appropriate to give an interview notice to an individual in reliance on section 148A(8) (urgent cases);
> (c) provision about the circumstances in which the Commissioner would consider it appropriate to vary the place or time specified in an interview notice at the request of the individual to whom the notice is given;
> (d) provision about the nature of interviews carried out in accordance with an interview notice;
> (e) provision about how the Commissioner will determine how to proceed if an individual does not comply with an interview notice.
@@ -4464,15 +4464,15 @@
- (b) in subsection (5), after paragraph (b) (but before the “and” at the end of that paragraph) insert—
> (ba) in relation to an interview notice, a statement under [section 148A](#p12019)[(8)](#p12092)[(a)](#p12095),
> (ba) in relation to an interview notice, a statement under section 148A(8)(a),
.
- (9) In section 181 (interpretation of Part 6), at the appropriate place, insert—
- ““*interview notice*” has the meaning given in [section 148A](#p12019);”.
- (10) In section 196 (penalties for offences), in subsection (2), after “148,” insert “[148C](#p12200),”.
- ““*interview notice*” has the meaning given in section 148A;”.
- (10) In section 196 (penalties for offences), in subsection (2), after “148,” insert “148C,”.
- (11) In section 206 (index of defined expressions), at the appropriate place, insert—
@@ -4486,12 +4486,12 @@
- (a) after paragraph 3 insert—
> (3A)
> (1) Sub-paragraph [(2)](#p12361) applies where the Commissioner gives an interview notice to an individual during a relevant period.
> (1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies where the Commissioner gives an interview notice to an individual during a relevant period.
> (2) If the interview notice—
> (a) states that, in the Commissioner’s opinion, it is necessary for the individual to comply with a requirement in the notice for the purposes of the relevant review, and
> (b) gives the Commissioner’s reasons for reaching that opinion,
> subsections [(6)](#p12084) and [(7)](#p12088) of [section 148A](#p12019) do not apply but the notice must not require the individual to comply with the requirement before the end of the period of 24 hours beginning when the notice is given.
> (3) During a relevant period, [section 148B](#p12113) has effect as if for subsection (8) there were substituted—
> subsections (6) and (7) of section 148A do not apply but the notice must not require the individual to comply with the requirement before the end of the period of 24 hours beginning when the notice is given.
> (3) During a relevant period, section 148B has effect as if for subsection (8) there were substituted—
> (8) The Commissioner may not give an individual an interview notice with respect to the processing of personal data for the special purposes unless a determination under section 174 with respect to the data or the processing has taken effect.
, and
@@ -4502,7 +4502,7 @@
- (ii) for “or 3(2)(a)” substitute “, 3(2)(a) or 3A(2)(a)”, and
- (iii) for “or 146(8)(a)” substitute “, 146(8)(a) or [148A](#p12019)[(8)](#p12092)[(a)](#p12095)”.
- (iii) for “or 146(8)(a)” substitute “, 146(8)(a) or 148A(8)(a)”.
#### Penalty notices
@@ -4533,7 +4533,7 @@
- (4) In section 160 (guidance about regulatory action), in subsection (7), after paragraph (d) insert—
> (e) provision about the circumstances in which the Commissioner would consider it necessary to comply with the duty in paragraph 4[(A2)](#p12437) of Schedule 16 after the period of 6 months mentioned in that paragraph.
> (e) provision about the circumstances in which the Commissioner would consider it necessary to comply with the duty in paragraph 4(A2) of Schedule 16 after the period of 6 months mentioned in that paragraph.
#### Annual report on regulatory action
@@ -4543,14 +4543,14 @@
- (2) In section 139 (reporting to Parliament), before subsection (3) insert—
> (2A) The report under this section may include the annual report under [section 161A](#p12508).
> (2A) The report under this section may include the annual report under section 161A.
- (3) In the italic heading before section 160, at the end insert “and report”.
- (4) After section 161 insert—
> (161A)
> (1) The Commissioner must produce and publish an annual report containing the information described in subsections [(2)](#p12516) to [(5)](#p12566).
> (1) The Commissioner must produce and publish an annual report containing the information described in subsections (2) to (5).
> (2) The report must include the following information about UK GDPR investigations—
> (a) the number of investigations begun, continued or completed by the Commissioner during the reporting period,
> (b) the different types of act and omission that were the subject matter of the investigations,
@@ -4560,12 +4560,12 @@
> (3) The report must include information about the enforcement powers exercised by the Commissioner in the reporting period in connection with—
> (a) processing of personal data by a competent authority for any of the law enforcement purposes, and
> (b) processing of personal data to which Part 4 applies.
> (4) The information included in the report in accordance with subsections [(2)](#p12516) and [(3)](#p12540) must include information about—
> (4) The information included in the report in accordance with subsections (2) and (3) must include information about—
> (a) the number of penalty notices given in the reporting period that were given more than 6 months after the notice of intent was given under paragraph 2 of Schedule 16, and
> (b) the reasons why that happened.
> (5) The report must include a review of how the Commissioner had regard to the guidance published under section 160 when exercising the Commissioner’s enforcement powers as described in subsections [(2)](#p12516)[(c)](#p12527) and [(3)](#p12540).
> (5) The report must include a review of how the Commissioner had regard to the guidance published under section 160 when exercising the Commissioner’s enforcement powers as described in subsections (2)(c) and (3).
> (6) In this section—
> - “*enforcement powers*” means the powers under— Article 58(1)(c) and (d) and (2)(a) and (b) of the UK GDPR, sections 142 to 159 of this Act, paragraph 2(a), (b) and (c) of Schedule 13 to this Act, and Schedules 15 and 16 to this Act;
> - “*enforcement powers*” means the powers under—Article 58(1)(c) and (d) and (2)(a) and (b) of the UK GDPR,sections 142 to 159 of this Act,paragraph 2(a), (b) and (c) of Schedule 13 to this Act, andSchedules 15 and 16 to this Act;
> - “*the law enforcement purposes*” has the meaning given in section 31 of this Act;
> - “*the reporting period*” means the period to which the report relates;
> - “*UK GDPR investigation*” means an investigation required under Article 57(1)(h) of the UK GDPR (investigations on the application of the UK GDPR).
@@ -4574,7 +4574,7 @@
##### 103
- (1) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/103/2/2025-11-17) and [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/103/3/2025-11-17).
- (1) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections (2) and (3).
- (2) Before section 165 (but after the italic heading before it) insert—
@@ -4585,14 +4585,14 @@
> (4) If a controller receives a complaint under this section, the controller must without undue delay—
> (a) take appropriate steps to respond to the complaint, and
> (b) inform the complainant of the outcome of the complaint.
> (5) The reference in [subsection (4)](#p12640)[(a)](#p12643) to taking appropriate steps to respond to the complaint includes—
> (5) The reference in subsection (4)(a) to taking appropriate steps to respond to the complaint includes—
> (a) making enquiries into the subject matter of the complaint, to the extent appropriate, and
> (b) informing the complainant about progress on the complaint.
> (164B)
> (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations require a controller to notify the Commissioner of the number of complaints made to the controller under [section 164A](#p12626) in periods specified or described in the regulations.
> (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations require a controller to notify the Commissioner of the number of complaints made to the controller under section 164A in periods specified or described in the regulations.
> (2) Regulations under this section may provide that a controller is required to make a notification to the Commissioner in respect of a period only in circumstances specified in the regulations.
> (3) Regulations under this section may include—
> (a) provision about a matter listed in [subsection (4)](#p12691), or
> (a) provision about a matter listed in subsection (4), or
> (b) provision conferring power on the Commissioner to determine those matters.
> (4) The matters are—
> (a) the form and manner in which a notification must be made,
@@ -4606,7 +4606,7 @@
- (b) in subsection (2), after “infringement of” insert “the UK GDPR or”.
- (4) The UK GDPR is amended in accordance with subsections [(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/103/5/2025-11-17) and [(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/103/6/2025-11-17).
- (4) The UK GDPR is amended in accordance with subsections (5) and (6).
- (5) In Article 57 (Commissioner’s tasks)—
@@ -4616,7 +4616,7 @@
- (6) Omit Article 77 (right to lodge a complaint with the Commissioner).
- (7) [Schedule 10](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/10/2025-11-17) to this Act contains minor and consequential amendments.
- (7) Schedule 10 to this Act contains minor and consequential amendments.
#### Court procedure in connection with subject access requests
@@ -4637,8 +4637,8 @@
> (c) section 45 of this Act (law enforcement processing: right of access by the data subject);
> (d) section 94 of this Act (intelligence services processing: right of access by the data subject).
> (2) The court may require the controller to make available for inspection by the court so much of the information as is available to the controller.
> (3) But, unless and until the question in subsection [(1)](#p12776) has been determined in the data subject’s favour, the court may not require the information to be disclosed to the data subject or the data subject’s representatives, whether by discovery (or, in Scotland, recovery) or otherwise.
> (4) Where the question in subsection [(1)](#p12776) relates to a right under a provision listed in subsection [(1)](#p12776)[(a)](#p12779), [(c)](#p12787) or [(d)](#p12791), this section does not confer power on the court to require the controller to carry out a search for information that is more extensive than the reasonable and proportionate search required by that provision.
> (3) But, unless and until the question in subsection (1) has been determined in the data subject’s favour, the court may not require the information to be disclosed to the data subject or the data subject’s representatives, whether by discovery (or, in Scotland, recovery) or otherwise.
> (4) Where the question in subsection (1) relates to a right under a provision listed in subsection (1)(a), (c) or (d), this section does not confer power on the court to require the controller to carry out a search for information that is more extensive than the reasonable and proportionate search required by that provision.
#### Consequential amendments to the EITSET Regulations
@@ -4656,17 +4656,17 @@
- (b) after paragraph (i) insert—
> (ia) [section 148A](#p12019) (interview notices);
> (ib) [section 148B](#p12113) (interview notices: restrictions);
> (ic) [section 148C](#p12200) (false statements made in response to interview notices);
> (ia) section 148A (interview notices);
> (ib) section 148B (interview notices: restrictions);
> (ic) section 148C (false statements made in response to interview notices);
.
- (3) In paragraph 4(2) (modification of section 143 (information notices: restrictions))—
- (a) in paragraph (b), for “or 148” substitute “, 148 or [148C](#p12200)”, and
- (b) in paragraph (c), after “148” insert “or [148C](#p12200)”.
- (a) in paragraph (b), for “or 148” substitute “, 148 or 148C”, and
- (b) in paragraph (c), after “148” insert “or 148C”.
- (4) In paragraph 6 (modification of section 146 (assessment notices)), in sub-paragraph (2)—
@@ -4680,28 +4680,28 @@
- (b) in paragraph (c), for “subsections (7), (8), (9) and (10)” substitute “subsections (3A), (7), (8), (9), (10) and (11A)”, and
- (c) in paragraph (d), for “or 148” substitute “, 148 or [148C](#p12200)”.
- (c) in paragraph (d), for “or 148” substitute “, 148 or 148C”.
- (5) After paragraph 6 insert—
> (6A) Section [146A](#p11924) has effect as if for “*controller or processor*” (in each place) there were substituted “trust service provider”.
> (6A) Section 146A has effect as if for “*controller or processor*” (in each place) there were substituted “trust service provider”.
- (6) After paragraph 7 insert—
> (7A) Section [148A](#p12019) has effect as if—
> (7A) Section 148A has effect as if—
> (a) in subsection (1)—
> (i) for “controller or processor” there were substituted “trust service provider”;
> (ii) in paragraph (a), for “as described in section 149(2)” there were substituted “to comply with the eIDAS requirements”;
> (iii) in paragraph (b), for “this Act” there were substituted “section 144, 148 or [148C](#p12200) or paragraph 15 of Schedule 15”;
> (iii) in paragraph (b), for “this Act” there were substituted “section 144, 148 or 148C or paragraph 15 of Schedule 15”;
> (b) in subsection (3), for “*controller or processor*” (in each place) there were substituted “trust service provider”.
> (7B)
> (1) Section [148B](#p12113) has effect as if subsections (8) and (9) were omitted.
> (1) Section 148B has effect as if subsections (8) and (9) were omitted.
> (2) In that section—
> (a) subsections (2)(b) and (3)(b) have effect as if for “the data protection legislation” there were substituted “the eIDAS Regulation or the EITSET Regulations”;
> (b) subsection (6)(a) has effect as if for “this Act” there were substituted “section 144, 148 or [148C](#p12200) or paragraph 15 of Schedule 15”;
> (c) subsection (7) has effect as if for “this Act (other than an offence under section [148C](#p12200))” there were substituted “section 144 or 148 or paragraph 15 of Schedule 15”.
- (7) In paragraph 12 (modification of Schedule 15 (powers of entry and inspection)), in sub-paragraph (2), in the substituted paragraph (a), for “or 148” substitute “, 148 or [148C](#p12200)”.
> (b) subsection (6)(a) has effect as if for “this Act” there were substituted “section 144, 148 or 148C or paragraph 15 of Schedule 15”;
> (c) subsection (7) has effect as if for “this Act (other than an offence under section 148C)” there were substituted “section 144 or 148 or paragraph 15 of Schedule 15”.
- (7) In paragraph 12 (modification of Schedule 15 (powers of entry and inspection)), in sub-paragraph (2), in the substituted paragraph (a), for “or 148” substitute “, 148 or 148C”.
- (8) In paragraph 13 (modification of section 155 (penalty notices)), in sub-paragraph (3)(c), for “for “data subjects”” there were substituted “for the words from “data subjects” to the end”.
@@ -4709,9 +4709,9 @@
- (10) In paragraph 22 (modification of section 196 (penalties for offences)), in sub-paragraph (2)(b)—
- (a) after “148”, in the first place it occurs, insert “, [148C](#p12200)”, and
- (b) for “or 148” substitute “, 148 or [148C](#p12200)”.
- (a) after “148”, in the first place it occurs, insert “, 148C”, and
- (b) for “or 148” substitute “, 148 or 148C”.
### Protection of prohibitions, restrictions and data subject’s rights
@@ -4719,24 +4719,24 @@
##### 106
- (1) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106/2/2025-11-17) to [(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106/5/2025-11-17).
- (1) The 2018 Act is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (5).
- (2) After section 183 insert—
> (183A)
> (1) A relevant enactment or rule of law which imposes a duty, or confers a power, to process personal data does not override a requirement under the main data protection legislation relating to the processing of personal data.
> (2) Subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106/1/2025-11-17) does not apply—
> (2) Subsection (1) does not apply—
> (a) to a relevant enactment forming part of the main data protection legislation, or
> (b) to the extent that an enactment makes express provision to the contrary referring to this section or to the main data protection legislation (or a provision of that legislation).
> (3) Subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106/1/2025-11-17) does not prevent a duty or power to process personal data from being taken into account for the purpose of determining whether it is possible to rely on an exception to a requirement under the main data protection legislation that is available where there is such a duty or power.
> (3) Subsection (1) does not prevent a duty or power to process personal data from being taken into account for the purpose of determining whether it is possible to rely on an exception to a requirement under the main data protection legislation that is available where there is such a duty or power.
> (4) In this section—
> - “*the main data protection legislation*” means the data protection legislation other than provision of or made under— Chapter 6 or 8 of the UK GDPR, or Parts 5 to 7 of this Act;
> - “*relevant enactment*” means an enactment so far as passed or made on or after the day on which section [106](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106/2025-11-17)[(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106/2/2025-11-17) of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 comes into force;
> - “*the main data protection legislation*” means the data protection legislation other than provision of or made under—Chapter 6 or 8 of the UK GDPR, orParts 5 to 7 of this Act;
> - “*relevant enactment*” means an enactment so far as passed or made on or after the day on which section 106(2) of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 comes into force;
> - “*requirement*” includes a prohibition or restriction.
> (5) The reference in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106/1/2025-11-17) to an enactment or rule of law which imposes a duty, or confers a power, to process personal data is a reference to an enactment or rule of law which, directly or indirectly, requires or authorises the processing of personal data, including (for example)—
> (5) The reference in subsection (1) to an enactment or rule of law which imposes a duty, or confers a power, to process personal data is a reference to an enactment or rule of law which, directly or indirectly, requires or authorises the processing of personal data, including (for example)—
> (a) by authorising one person to require another person to process personal data, or
> (b) by removing restrictions on processing personal data,
> and the references in subsection [(3)](#p13049) to a duty or power are to be read accordingly.
> and the references in subsection (3) to a duty or power are to be read accordingly.
- (3) Before section 184 (and the italic heading before it) insert—
@@ -4745,12 +4745,12 @@
> (a) a pre-commencement enactment which imposes a duty, or confers a power, to process personal data, and
> (b) a provision of the main data protection legislation containing a requirement relating to the processing of personal data.
> (2) The relationship is not changed by section 5(A1) of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (removal of the principle of supremacy of EU law) (or the repeal of section 5(1) to (3) of that Act).
> (3) Where the provision described in subsection [(1)](#p13107)[(b)](#p13114) is a provision of, or made under, the UK GDPR, section 5(A2) of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (assimilated direct legislation subject to domestic enactments) does not apply to the relationship.
> (4) Nothing is to be implied about a relationship described in subsection [(1)](#p13107) merely due to the fact that express provision with similar effect to section [183A](#p13030)[(1)](#p13032) (or applying that provision) is made in connection with one such relationship but not another.
> (3) Where the provision described in subsection (1)(b) is a provision of, or made under, the UK GDPR, section 5(A2) of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (assimilated direct legislation subject to domestic enactments) does not apply to the relationship.
> (4) Nothing is to be implied about a relationship described in subsection (1) merely due to the fact that express provision with similar effect to section 183A(1) (or applying that provision) is made in connection with one such relationship but not another.
> (5) In this section—
> (a) “*the main data protection legislation*” and “*requirement*” have the same meaning as in section [183A](#p13030), and
> (b) “*pre-commencement enactment*” means an enactment so far as passed or made before the day on which section [106](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106/2025-11-17)[(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106/2/2025-11-17) of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 comes into force.
> (6) Section [183A](#p13030)[(5)](#p13080) applies for the purposes of subsection [(1)](#p13107)[(a)](#p13110) of this section as it applies for the purposes of section [183A](#p13030)[(1)](#p13032).
> (a) “*the main data protection legislation*” and “*requirement*” have the same meaning as in section 183A, and
> (b) “*pre-commencement enactment*” means an enactment so far as passed or made before the day on which section 106(2) of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 comes into force.
> (6) Section 183A(5) applies for the purposes of subsection (1)(a) of this section as it applies for the purposes of section 183A(1).
- (4) In section 186 (data subject’s rights and other prohibitions and restrictions)—
@@ -4764,13 +4764,13 @@
> (a) to an enactment contained in, or made under, a provision listed in subsection (2),
> (b) to an enactment contained in, or made under, a provision listed in subsection (3),
> (c) to the extent that an enactment makes express provision to the contrary referring to this section or to a provision listed in subsection (2), or
> (d) to the extent that subsection (1) is disapplied by section [186A](#p13226)[(3)](#p13244).
> (d) to the extent that subsection (1) is disapplied by section 186A(3).
, and
- (d) in subsection (3)—
- (i) for “provisions providing exceptions” substitute “provisions referred to in subsection [(2A)](#p13180)[(b)](#p13187)”, and
- (i) for “provisions providing exceptions” substitute “provisions referred to in subsection (2A)(b)”, and
- (ii) omit paragraph (c) (and the “and” after it).
@@ -4781,19 +4781,19 @@
> (a) a pre-commencement enactment which prohibits or restricts the disclosure of information or authorises the withholding of information, and
> (b) a provision of the UK GDPR or this Act listed in section 186(2).
> (2) The relationship is not changed by section 5(A1) of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (removal of the principle of supremacy of EU law) (or the repeal of section 5(1) to (3) of that Act).
> (3) Subsection (1) of section 186 does not apply to the relationship so far as there is a contrary intention, whether express or implied (taking account of, among other things, subsection [(2)](#p13240) of this section).
> (4) Nothing is to be implied about a relationship described in subsection [(1)](#p13107) merely due to the fact that express provision stating that section 186(1) applies (or with similar effect) is made in connection with one such relationship but not another.
> (5) In this section, “*pre-commencement enactment*” means an enactment so far as passed or made before the day on which section [106](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106/2025-11-17)[(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106/4/2025-11-17) of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 comes into force, other than an enactment contained in, or made under, a provision listed in section 186(2) or (3).
> (3) Subsection (1) of section 186 does not apply to the relationship so far as there is a contrary intention, whether express or implied (taking account of, among other things, subsection (2) of this section).
> (4) Nothing is to be implied about a relationship described in subsection (1) merely due to the fact that express provision stating that section 186(1) applies (or with similar effect) is made in connection with one such relationship but not another.
> (5) In this section, “*pre-commencement enactment*” means an enactment so far as passed or made before the day on which section 106(4) of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 comes into force, other than an enactment contained in, or made under, a provision listed in section 186(2) or (3).
- (6) In section 5 of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (exceptions to savings and incorporation), in subsection (A3)(a)—
- (a) for “section” substitute “sections [183A](#p13030) and”,
- (a) for “section” substitute “sections 183A and”,
- (b) for “(data subject’s rights and other prohibitions and restrictions)” substitute “(protection of prohibitions, restrictions and data subject’s rights)”, and
- (c) at the end insert “(and see also section [183B](#p13105)[(3)](#p13123) of that Act)”.
- (7) Subsections [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106/3/2025-11-17), [(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106/5/2025-11-17) and [(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106/6/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106/6/c/2025-11-17) are to be treated as having come into force on 1 January 2024.
- (c) at the end insert “(and see also section 183B(3) of that Act)”.
- (7) Subsections (3), (5) and (6)(c) are to be treated as having come into force on 1 January 2024.
### Miscellaneous
@@ -4834,7 +4834,7 @@
##### 108
[Schedule 11](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/2025-11-17) contains further minor provision about data protection.
Schedule 11 contains further minor provision about data protection.
### Chapter 2 — Privacy and electronic communications
@@ -4880,7 +4880,7 @@
- (5) After that paragraph insert—
> (5) References in these Regulations to a period expressed in hours, days, weeks, months or years are to be interpreted in accordance with Article 3 of the Periods of Time Regulation, except that Article 3(4) of that Regulation does not apply to the interpretation of a reference to a period in regulation 16A.
> (6) In paragraph [(5)](#p13495), “*the Periods of Time Regulation*” means Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No. 1182/71 of the Council of 3 June 1971 determining the rules applicable to periods, dates and time limits.
> (6) In paragraph (5), “*the Periods of Time Regulation*” means Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No. 1182/71 of the Council of 3 June 1971 determining the rules applicable to periods, dates and time limits.
#### Duty to notify the Commissioner of personal data breach: time periods
@@ -4922,13 +4922,13 @@
##### 112
- (1) The PEC Regulations are amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/112/2/2025-11-17) and [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/112/3/2025-11-17).
- (1) The PEC Regulations are amended in accordance with subsections (2) and (3).
- (2) For regulation 6 (storing information, or gaining access to information stored, in the terminal equipment of a subscriber or user) substitute—
> (6)
> (1) Subject to Schedule [A1](#p21167), a person must not store information, or gain access to information stored, in the terminal equipment of a subscriber or user.
> (2) In paragraph [(1)](#p13593) and Schedule [A1](#p21167)—
> (1) Subject to Schedule A1, a person must not store information, or gain access to information stored, in the terminal equipment of a subscriber or user.
> (2) In paragraph (1) and Schedule A1—
> (a) a reference (however expressed) to storing information, or gaining access to information stored, in the terminal equipment of a subscriber or user includes a reference to instigating the storage or access, and
> (b) except as otherwise provided, a reference (however expressed) to gaining access to information stored in the terminal equipment of a subscriber or user includes a reference to collecting or monitoring information automatically emitted by the terminal equipment.
@@ -4940,15 +4940,15 @@
> (i) by adding an exception to the prohibition in regulation 6(1), or
> (ii) by omitting or varying an exception to that prohibition, and
> (b) make consequential, supplementary, incidental, transitional, transitory or saving provision, including provision amending these Regulations.
> (2) Regulations under paragraph [(1)](#p13622) may make different provision for different purposes.
> (3) Before making regulations under paragraph [(1)](#p13622), the Secretary of State must consult—
> (2) Regulations under paragraph (1) may make different provision for different purposes.
> (3) Before making regulations under paragraph (1), the Secretary of State must consult—
> (a) the Information Commissioner, and
> (b) such other persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate.
> (4) A statutory instrument containing regulations under paragraph [(1)](#p13622) may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.
- (4) Schedule [12](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/12/2025-11-17) to this Act inserts Schedule [A1](#p21167) to the PEC Regulations.
- (5) A requirement to consult under regulation 6A of the PEC Regulations (inserted by subsection [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/112/3/2025-11-17) of this section) may be satisfied by consultation undertaken before the day on which this Act is passed.
> (4) A statutory instrument containing regulations under paragraph (1) may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.
- (4) Schedule 12 to this Act inserts Schedule A1 to the PEC Regulations.
- (5) A requirement to consult under regulation 6A of the PEC Regulations (inserted by subsection (3) of this section) may be satisfied by consultation undertaken before the day on which this Act is passed.
#### Emergency alerts: interpretation of time periods
@@ -4962,7 +4962,7 @@
- (1) Regulation 22 of the PEC Regulations (use of electronic mail for direct marketing purposes) is amended as follows.
- (2) In paragraph (2), after “paragraph (3)” insert “or [(3A)](#p13701)”.
- (2) In paragraph (2), after “paragraph (3)” insert “or (3A)”.
- (3) After paragraph (3) insert—
@@ -4985,7 +4985,7 @@
##### 115
- (1) The PEC Regulations are amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/115/2/2025-11-17) to [(8)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/115/8/2025-11-17).
- (1) The PEC Regulations are amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (8).
- (2) In regulation 5 (security of public electronic communications services), omit paragraph (6).
@@ -5005,8 +5005,8 @@
> (a) if a county court so orders, as if it were payable under an order of that court;
> (b) if the High Court so orders, as if it were payable under an order of that court.
> (13) The Secretary of State may by regulations made by statutory instrument amend this regulation so as to substitute a different amount for the amount for the time being specified in paragraph (2) or (5).
> (14) Regulations under paragraph [(13)](#p13801) may make transitional provision.
> (15) Before making regulations under paragraph [(13)](#p13801), the Secretary of State must consult—
> (14) Regulations under paragraph (13) may make transitional provision.
> (15) Before making regulations under paragraph (13), the Secretary of State must consult—
> (a) the Information Commissioner, and
> (b) such other persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate.
> (16) A statutory instrument containing regulations under this regulation may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.
@@ -5021,11 +5021,11 @@
- (7) Omit regulation 31B (appeals against third party information notices).
- (8) For Schedule 1 substitute the Schedule set out in Schedule [13](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/13/2025-11-17) to this Act.
- (8) For Schedule 1 substitute the Schedule set out in Schedule 13 to this Act.
- (9) In paragraph 58(1) of Schedule 20 to the Data Protection Act 2018 (transitional provision relating to the PEC Regulations) for “regulations 2, 31 and 31B of, and Schedule 1 to,” substitute “regulation 2 of”.
- (10) A requirement to consult under regulation 5C[(15)](#p13810) of the PEC Regulations (inserted by subsection [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/115/4/2025-11-17)[(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/115/4/b/2025-11-17) of this section) may be satisfied by consultation undertaken before the day on which this Act is passed.
- (10) A requirement to consult under regulation 5C(15) of the PEC Regulations (inserted by subsection (4)(b) of this section) may be satisfied by consultation undertaken before the day on which this Act is passed.
#### Codes of conduct
@@ -5037,11 +5037,11 @@
> (32A)
> (1) The Commissioner must encourage representative bodies to produce codes of conduct intended to contribute to compliance with these Regulations.
> (2) Under paragraph [(1)](#p13887), the Commissioner must encourage representative bodies to produce codes which take account of, among other things, the specific features of different sectors.
> (3) A code of conduct described in paragraph [(1)](#p13887) may, for example, make provision with regard to—
> (2) Under paragraph (1), the Commissioner must encourage representative bodies to produce codes which take account of, among other things, the specific features of different sectors.
> (3) A code of conduct described in paragraph (1) may, for example, make provision with regard to—
> (a) rights and obligations under these Regulations;
> (b) out-of-court proceedings and other dispute resolution procedures for resolving disputes arising in connection with these Regulations.
> (4) The Commissioner must encourage representative bodies to submit codes of conduct described in paragraph [(1)](#p13887) to the Commissioner in draft.
> (4) The Commissioner must encourage representative bodies to submit codes of conduct described in paragraph (1) to the Commissioner in draft.
> (5) Where a representative body does so, the Commissioner must—
> (a) provide the representative body with an opinion on whether the code correctly reflects the requirements of these Regulations,
> (b) decide whether to approve the code, and
@@ -5050,12 +5050,12 @@
> (a) the code contains a mechanism for monitoring whether persons who undertake to apply the code comply with its provisions, and
> (b) in relation to persons other than public bodies, the mechanism involves monitoring by a body which is accredited for that purpose by the Commissioner under regulation 32B.
> (7) In relation to amendments of a code of conduct that is for the time being approved under this regulation—
> (a) paragraphs [(4)](#p13909) and [(5)](#p13914) apply as they apply in relation to a code, and
> (b) the requirements in paragraph [(6)](#p13930) must be satisfied by the code as amended.
> (8) A code of conduct described in paragraph [(1)](#p13887) may be contained in the same document as a code of conduct described in Article 40 of the UK GDPR (and a provision contained in such a document may be a provision of both codes).
> (a) paragraphs (4) and (5) apply as they apply in relation to a code, and
> (b) the requirements in paragraph (6) must be satisfied by the code as amended.
> (8) A code of conduct described in paragraph (1) may be contained in the same document as a code of conduct described in Article 40 of the UK GDPR (and a provision contained in such a document may be a provision of both codes).
> (9) In this regulation—
> - “*public body*” has the meaning given in section 7 of the Data Protection Act 2018 (for the purposes of the UK GDPR);
> - “*representative body*” means an association or other body representing categories of— communications providers, or other persons engaged in activities regulated by these Regulations;
> - “*representative body*” means an association or other body representing categories of—communications providers, orother persons engaged in activities regulated by these Regulations;
> - “*the UK GDPR*” has the meaning given in section 3(10) of the Data Protection Act 2018.
> (32B)
> (1) The Commissioner may, in accordance with this regulation, accredit a body for the purpose of monitoring whether persons other than public bodies comply with a code of conduct described in regulation 32A(1).
@@ -5067,14 +5067,14 @@
> (ii) to monitor compliance with the code, and
> (iii) to review the operation of the code periodically,
> (d) established procedures and structures to handle complaints about infringements of the code or about the manner in which the code has been, or is being, implemented by a person,
> (e) made arrangements to publish information about the procedures and structures described in sub-paragraph [(d)](#p14020), and
> (e) made arrangements to publish information about the procedures and structures described in sub-paragraph (d), and
> (f) demonstrated that it does not have a conflict of interest.
> (3) The Commissioner must prepare and publish guidance about how the Commissioner proposes to take decisions about accreditation under this regulation.
> (4) A body accredited under this regulation in relation to a code must take appropriate action where a person infringes the code.
> (5) If the action taken by a body under paragraph [(4)](#p14038) consists of suspending or excluding a person from the code, the body must inform the Commissioner, giving reasons for taking that action.
> (5) If the action taken by a body under paragraph (4) consists of suspending or excluding a person from the code, the body must inform the Commissioner, giving reasons for taking that action.
> (6) The Commissioner must revoke the accreditation of a body under this regulation if the Commissioner considers that the body—
> (a) no longer meets the requirements for accreditation, or
> (b) has failed, or is failing, to comply with paragraph [(4)](#p14038) or [(5)](#p14042).
> (b) has failed, or is failing, to comply with paragraph (4) or (5).
> (7) In this regulation, “*public body*” has the same meaning as in regulation 32A.
> (32C) Adherence to a code of conduct approved under regulation 32A may be used by a person as a means of demonstrating compliance with these Regulations.
@@ -5088,7 +5088,7 @@
> (a) the Commissioner’s enforcement functions, or
> (b) the Commissioner’s functions under regulation 32A or 32B (codes of conduct).
- (4) In Schedule 1 (Commissioner’s enforcement powers) (inserted by Schedule [13](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/13/2025-11-17) to this Act), in paragraph 18(b)(ii) (maximum amount of penalty), for “or 24” substitute “, 24 or 32B(4) or (5)”.
- (4) In Schedule 1 (Commissioner’s enforcement powers) (inserted by Schedule 13 to this Act), in paragraph 18(b)(ii) (maximum amount of penalty), for “or 24” substitute “, 24 or 32B(4) or (5)”.
## Part 6 — The Information Commission
@@ -5163,7 +5163,7 @@
- (1) The functions of the Information Commissioner are transferred to the Information Commission.
- (2) So far as is appropriate in consequence of [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/119/1/2025-11-17), a reference to the Information Commissioner (however expressed) in an enactment or other document whenever passed or made (including this Act) is to be treated as a reference to the Information Commission.
- (2) So far as is appropriate in consequence of subsection (1), a reference to the Information Commissioner (however expressed) in an enactment or other document whenever passed or made (including this Act) is to be treated as a reference to the Information Commission.
- (3) In this section, “*enactment*” includes—
@@ -5217,7 +5217,7 @@
##### 121
[Schedule 15](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/15/2025-11-17) makes provision about information standards for health and adult social care in England (under Part 9 of the Health and Social Care Act 2012) and information technology.
Schedule 15 makes provision about information standards for health and adult social care in England (under Part 9 of the Health and Social Care Act 2012) and information technology.
### Smart meter communication services
@@ -5225,7 +5225,7 @@
##### 122
Schedule [16](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/16/2025-11-17) makes provision in connection with the grant of smart meter communication licences.
Schedule 16 makes provision in connection with the grant of smart meter communication licences.
### Information to improve public service delivery
@@ -5277,25 +5277,25 @@
- (a) before subsection (1) insert—
> (A1) Subsection [(C1)](#p14490) applies if a senior coroner (in England and Wales), a procurator fiscal (in Scotland) or a coroner (in Northern Ireland) (“*the investigating authority*”)—
> (A1) Subsection (C1) applies if a senior coroner (in England and Wales), a procurator fiscal (in Scotland) or a coroner (in Northern Ireland) (“*the investigating authority*”)—
> (a) notifies OFCOM that they are conducting an investigation in connection with the death of a child, and
> (b) provides OFCOM with the details in subsection [(B1)](#p14470).
> (b) provides OFCOM with the details in subsection (B1).
> (B1) The details are—
> (a) the name of the child who has died,
> (b) the child’s date of birth,
> (c) any email addresses used by the child (so far as the investigating authority knows), and
> (d) if any regulated service has been brought to the attention of the investigating authority as being of interest in connection with the child’s death, the name of the service.
> (C1) Where this subsection applies, OFCOM—
> (a) must give a notice to the provider of a service within subsection [(E1)](#p14509) requiring the provider to ensure the retention of information relating to the use of the service by the child who has died, and
> (b) may give a notice to any other relevant person requiring the person to ensure the retention of information relating to the use of a service within subsection [(E1)](#p14509) by that child.
> (D1) The references in subsection [(C1)](#p14490) to ensuring the retention of information relating to the child’s use of a service include taking all reasonable steps, without delay, to prevent the deletion of such information by the routine operation of systems or processes.
> (a) must give a notice to the provider of a service within subsection (E1) requiring the provider to ensure the retention of information relating to the use of the service by the child who has died, and
> (b) may give a notice to any other relevant person requiring the person to ensure the retention of information relating to the use of a service within subsection (E1) by that child.
> (D1) The references in subsection (C1) to ensuring the retention of information relating to the child’s use of a service include taking all reasonable steps, without delay, to prevent the deletion of such information by the routine operation of systems or processes.
> (E1) A service is within this subsection if it is—
> (a) a regulated service of a kind described in regulations made by the Secretary of State, or
> (b) a regulated service notified to OFCOM by the investigating authority as described in subsection [(B1)](#p14470)[(d)](#p14485).
> (F1) A notice under subsection [(C1)](#p14490) may require information described in that subsection to be retained only if it is information—
> (b) a regulated service notified to OFCOM by the investigating authority as described in subsection (B1)(d).
> (F1) A notice under subsection (C1) may require information described in that subsection to be retained only if it is information—
> (a) of a kind which OFCOM have power to require under a notice under subsection (1) (see, in particular, subsection (2)(a) to (d)), or
> (b) which a person might need to retain to enable the person to provide information in response to a notice under subsection (1) (if such a notice were given).
> (G1) OFCOM must share with the investigating authority any information they receive in response to requirements mentioned in section 102[(5A)](#p14601)[(d)](#p14617) that are included in a notice under subsection [(C1)](#p14490).
> (G1) OFCOM must share with the investigating authority any information they receive in response to requirements mentioned in section 102(5A)(d) that are included in a notice under subsection (C1).
;
@@ -5307,7 +5307,7 @@
- (4) In section 102 (information notices)—
- (a) in subsection (1), for “101(1)” substitute “101[(C1)](#p14490) or (1)”;
- (a) in subsection (1), for “101(1)” substitute “101(C1) or (1)”;
- (b) in subsection (3)—
@@ -5325,7 +5325,7 @@
- (d) after subsection (5) insert—
> (5A) An information notice under section 101[(C1)](#p14490) must—
> (5A) An information notice under section 101(C1) must—
> (a) specify or describe the information to be retained,
> (b) specify why OFCOM require the information to be retained,
> (c) require the information to be retained for the period of one year beginning with the date of the notice,
@@ -5333,16 +5333,16 @@
> (i) if the child to whom the notice relates used the service in question, to notify OFCOM by a specified date of steps taken to ensure the retention of information;
> (ii) if the child did not use the service, or the person does not hold any information of the kind required, to notify OFCOM of that fact by a specified date, and
> (e) contain information about the consequences of not complying with the notice.
> (5B) If OFCOM give an information notice to a person under section 101[(C1)](#p14490), they may, in response to information received from the investigating authority, extend the period for which the person is required to retain information by a maximum period of six months.
> (5C) The power conferred by subsection [(5B)](#p14634) is exercisable—
> (a) by giving the person a notice varying the notice under section 101[(C1)](#p14490) and stating the further period for which information must be retained and the reason for the extension;
> (5B) If OFCOM give an information notice to a person under section 101(C1), they may, in response to information received from the investigating authority, extend the period for which the person is required to retain information by a maximum period of six months.
> (5C) The power conferred by subsection (5B) is exercisable—
> (a) by giving the person a notice varying the notice under section 101(C1) and stating the further period for which information must be retained and the reason for the extension;
> (b) any number of times.
;
- (e) after subsection (9) insert—
> (9A) OFCOM must cancel an information notice under section 101[(C1)](#p14490) by notice to the person to whom it was given if advised by the investigating authority that the information in question no longer needs to be retained.
> (9A) OFCOM must cancel an information notice under section 101(C1) by notice to the person to whom it was given if advised by the investigating authority that the information in question no longer needs to be retained.
;
@@ -5358,34 +5358,34 @@
- (b) after subsection (6) insert—
> (6A) A person who is given an information notice under section 101[(C1)](#p14490) commits an offence if—
> (6A) A person who is given an information notice under section 101(C1) commits an offence if—
> (a) the person deletes or alters, or causes or permits the deletion or alteration of, any information required by the notice to be retained, and
> (b) the person’s intention was to prevent the information being available, or (as the case may be) to prevent it being available in unaltered form, for the purposes of any official investigation into the death of the child to whom the notice relates.
> (6B) For the purposes of subsection [(6A)](#p14691) information has been deleted if it is irrecoverable (however that occurred).
> (6B) For the purposes of subsection (6A) information has been deleted if it is irrecoverable (however that occurred).
- (6) In section 110 (senior managers’ liability: information offences)—
- (a) after subsection (6) insert—
> (6A) An individual named as a senior manager of an entity commits an offence if—
> (a) the entity commits an offence under section 109[(6A)](#p14691) (deletion etc of information), and
> (a) the entity commits an offence under section 109(6A) (deletion etc of information), and
> (b) the individual has failed to take all reasonable steps to prevent that offence being committed.
;
- (b) in subsection (7), for “or (6)” substitute “, (6) or [(6A)](#p14691)”.
- (b) in subsection (7), for “or (6)” substitute “, (6) or (6A)”.
- (7) In section 113 (penalties for information offences), in subsection (2)—
- (a) for “(4) or (5)” substitute “(4), (5) or [(6A)](#p14691)”;
- (b) for “(5) or (6)” substitute “(5), (6) or [(6A)](#p14691)”.
- (a) for “(4) or (5)” substitute “(4), (5) or (6A)”;
- (b) for “(5) or (6)” substitute “(5), (6) or (6A)”.
- (8) In section 114 (co-operation and disclosure of information: overseas regulators), in subsection (7), omit the definition of “the data protection legislation”.
- (9) In section 225 (Parliamentary procedure for regulations), in subsection (10), after paragraph (c) insert—
> (ca) regulations under section 101[(E1)](#p14509)[(a)](#p14512),
> (ca) regulations under section 101(E1)(a),
.
@@ -5397,7 +5397,7 @@
;
- (b) in the definition of “information notice”, for “101(1)” substitute “101[(C1)](#p14490) or (1)”.
- (b) in the definition of “information notice”, for “101(1)” substitute “101(C1) or (1)”.
- (11) In section 237 (index of defined terms), after the entry for “CSEA content” insert—
@@ -5412,7 +5412,7 @@
##### 125
- (1) The Online Safety Act 2023 is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/125/2/2025-11-17) to [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/125/4/2025-11-17).
- (1) The Online Safety Act 2023 is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (4).
- (2) After section 154 insert—
@@ -5477,11 +5477,11 @@
##### 126
- (1) Part 1 of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 (powers to gather and share information) is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/2/2025-11-17) to [(10)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/10/2025-11-17).
- (1) Part 1 of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 (powers to gather and share information) is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (10).
- (2) In section 18A(3) (retention of material: general), after “recordable offence” insert “or recordable-equivalent offence”.
- (3) Section 18E (supplementary provision) is amended in accordance with subsections [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/4/2025-11-17) to [(10)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/10/2025-11-17).
- (3) Section 18E (supplementary provision) is amended in accordance with subsections (4) to (10).
- (4) In subsection (1), after the definition of “recordable offence” insert—
@@ -5531,13 +5531,13 @@
- (b) in the period of 3 years ending immediately before the commencement day.
- (12) Subsection [(13)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/13/2025-11-17) of this section applies where—
- (12) Subsection (13) of this section applies where—
- (a) at the beginning of the commencement day, a law enforcement authority has section 18 material which it obtained or acquired in the period of 3 years ending immediately before the commencement day,
- (b) at a time before the commencement day (a “pre-commencement time”), the law enforcement authority was required by section 18(4) of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 to destroy the material, and
- (c) at the pre-commencement time, the law enforcement authority could have retained the material under section 18A of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008, as it has effect taking account of the amendments made by subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/2/2025-11-17) to [(10)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/10/2025-11-17) of this section, if those amendments had been in force.
- (c) at the pre-commencement time, the law enforcement authority could have retained the material under section 18A of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008, as it has effect taking account of the amendments made by subsections (2) to (10) of this section, if those amendments had been in force.
- (13) Where this subsection applies—
@@ -5569,9 +5569,9 @@
##### 127
- (1) Part 1 of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 (powers to gather and share information) is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/127/2/2025-11-17) to [(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/127/6/2025-11-17).
- (2) Section 18A (retention of material: general) is amended in accordance with subsections [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/3/2025-11-17) to [(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/127/5/2025-11-17).
- (1) Part 1 of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 (powers to gather and share information) is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (6).
- (2) Section 18A (retention of material: general) is amended in accordance with subsections (3) to (5).
- (3) In subsection (1), for “subsection (5)” substitute “subsections (4) to (9)”.
@@ -5584,10 +5584,10 @@
> (b) the authority obtains or acquires the material in a form which includes information which identifies the person to whom the material relates,
> (c) as soon as reasonably practicable after obtaining or acquiring the material, the authority takes the steps necessary for it to hold the material in a pseudonymised form, and
> (d) having taken those steps, the law enforcement authority continues to hold the material in a pseudonymised form.
> (8) In a case where section 18 material is being retained by a law enforcement authority under subsection [(7)](#p15246), if—
> (8) In a case where section 18 material is being retained by a law enforcement authority under subsection (7), if—
> (a) the law enforcement authority ceases to hold the material in a pseudonymised form, and
> (b) the material relates to a person who has no previous convictions or only one exempt conviction,
> the material may be retained by the law enforcement authority until the end of the retention period specified in subsection [(9)](#p15282).
> the material may be retained by the law enforcement authority until the end of the retention period specified in subsection (9).
> (9) The retention period is the period of 3 years beginning with the date on which the law enforcement authority first ceases to hold the material in a pseudonymised form.
- (6) In section 18E(1) (supplementary provision)—
@@ -5600,7 +5600,7 @@
- (b) after that definition insert—
> - “*overseas law enforcement authority*” means a person formed or existing under the law of a country or territory outside the United Kingdom so far as exercising functions which— correspond to those of a police force, or otherwise involve the investigation or prosecution of offences;
> - “*overseas law enforcement authority*” means a person formed or existing under the law of a country or territory outside the United Kingdom so far as exercising functions which—correspond to those of a police force, orotherwise involve the investigation or prosecution of offences;
.
@@ -5610,7 +5610,7 @@
- (b) in the period of 3 years ending immediately before the commencement day.
- (8) Subsections [(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/127/9/2025-11-17) to [(12)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/127/12/2025-11-17) of this section apply where, at the beginning of the commencement day, a law enforcement authority has section 18 material which it obtained or acquired in the period of 3 years ending immediately before the commencement day.
- (8) Subsections (9) to (12) of this section apply where, at the beginning of the commencement day, a law enforcement authority has section 18 material which it obtained or acquired in the period of 3 years ending immediately before the commencement day.
- (9) Where the law enforcement authority holds the material in a pseudonymised form at the beginning of the commencement day, the authority is to be treated for the purposes of section 18A(7)(c) and (d) of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 as having—
@@ -5620,11 +5620,11 @@
- (10) Where the law enforcement authority does not hold the material in a pseudonymised form at the beginning of the commencement day, the authority is to be treated for the purposes of section 18A(7)(c) of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 as taking the steps necessary for it to hold the material in a pseudonymised form as soon as reasonably practicable after obtaining or acquiring the material if it takes those steps on, or as soon as reasonably practicable after, the commencement day.
- (11) Subsection [(12)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/127/12/2025-11-17) of this section applies where, at a time before the commencement day (a “pre-commencement time”), the law enforcement authority was required by section 18(4) of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 to destroy the material but—
- (11) Subsection (12) of this section applies where, at a time before the commencement day (a “pre-commencement time”), the law enforcement authority was required by section 18(4) of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 to destroy the material but—
- (a) at the pre-commencement time, the law enforcement authority could have retained the material under section 18A(7) to (9) of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 (as inserted by this section) if those provisions had been in force, or
- (b) on or after the commencement day, the law enforcement authority may retain the material under those provisions by virtue of subsection [(9)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/127/9/2025-11-17) or [(10)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/127/10/2025-11-17) of this section.
- (b) on or after the commencement day, the law enforcement authority may retain the material under those provisions by virtue of subsection (9) or (10) of this section.
- (12) Where this subsection applies—
@@ -5638,17 +5638,17 @@
- (13) In this section—
- “*the commencement day*”, “law enforcement authority” and “section 18 material” have the meaning given in section [126](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/2025-11-17)[(14)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/14/2025-11-17);
- “*the commencement day*”, “law enforcement authority” and “section 18 material” have the meaning given in section 126(14);
- “*in a pseudonymised form*” has the meaning given by section 18A(4) of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 (as amended by this section);
- “*instituted*”, in relation to proceedings, has the meaning given in section [126](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/2025-11-17)[(15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/15/2025-11-17).
- “*instituted*”, in relation to proceedings, has the meaning given in section 126(15).
#### Retention of biometric data from INTERPOL
##### 128
- (1) Part 1 of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 (powers to gather and share information) is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/128/2/2025-11-17) to [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/128/4/2025-11-17).
- (1) Part 1 of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 (powers to gather and share information) is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (4).
- (2) In section 18(4) (destruction of national security material not subject to existing statutory restrictions), after “18A” insert “, 18AA”.
@@ -5661,7 +5661,7 @@
> (4) In this section—
> - “*INTERPOL*” means the organisation called the International Criminal Police Organization - INTERPOL;
> - “*the National Central Bureau*” means the body appointed for the time being in accordance with INTERPOL’s constitution to serve as the United Kingdom’s National Central Bureau.
> (5) The reference in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/128/1/2025-11-17) to material obtained or acquired as part of a request or notification includes material obtained or acquired as part of a communication, sent to the United Kingdom via INTERPOL’s systems, correcting, updating or otherwise supplementing the request or notification.
> (5) The reference in subsection (1) to material obtained or acquired as part of a request or notification includes material obtained or acquired as part of a communication, sent to the United Kingdom via INTERPOL’s systems, correcting, updating or otherwise supplementing the request or notification.
> (18AB)
> (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations amend section 18AA to make such changes as the Secretary of State considers appropriate in consequence of—
> (a) changes to the name of the organisation which, when section 18AA was enacted, was called the International Criminal Police Organization - INTERPOL (“the organisation”),
@@ -5671,9 +5671,9 @@
- (4) In section 18BA(5)(a) (retention of further fingerprints), after “18A” insert “, 18AA”.
- (5) Section 18AA of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 applies in relation to section 18 material obtained or acquired by a law enforcement authority before the commencement day (as well as material obtained or acquired on or after that day), except where the law enforcement authority was informed, or became aware, as described in subsection [(2)](#p15435) or [(3)](#p15439) of that section before the commencement day.
- (6) Subsection [(7)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/128/7/2025-11-17) of this section applies where—
- (5) Section 18AA of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 applies in relation to section 18 material obtained or acquired by a law enforcement authority before the commencement day (as well as material obtained or acquired on or after that day), except where the law enforcement authority was informed, or became aware, as described in subsection (2) or (3) of that section before the commencement day.
- (6) Subsection (7) of this section applies where—
- (a) at the beginning of the commencement day, a law enforcement authority has section 18 material,
@@ -5693,9 +5693,9 @@
- (8) In this section—
- “*the commencement day*”, “law enforcement authority” and “section 18 material” have the meaning given in section [126](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/2025-11-17)[(14)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/14/2025-11-17);
- “*instituted*”, in relation to proceedings, has the meaning given in section [126](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/2025-11-17)[(15)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/15/2025-11-17).
- “*the commencement day*”, “law enforcement authority” and “section 18 material” have the meaning given in section 126(14);
- “*instituted*”, in relation to proceedings, has the meaning given in section 126(15).
### Trust services
@@ -5703,7 +5703,7 @@
##### 129
In sections [130](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/130/2025-11-17) to [134](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/134/2025-11-17), “*the eIDAS Regulation*” means [Regulation (EU) No. 910/2014](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2014/0910) of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market.
In sections 130 to 134, “*the eIDAS Regulation*” means [Regulation (EU) No. 910/2014](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2014/0910) of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market.
#### Recognition of EU conformity assessment bodies
@@ -5727,19 +5727,19 @@
- (d) revoke Article 51 of the eIDAS Regulation (transitional measures for electronic signatures);
- (e) amend a provision listed in [subsection (3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/131/3/2025-11-17) so as to remove a reference to a trust service provider established in the EU;
- (f) amend a provision listed in [subsection (4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/131/4/2025-11-17) so as to remove a reference to European standards or provisions of equivalent EU law.
- (2) The power under [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/131/1/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/131/1/a/2025-11-17) includes power to amend or remove an assumption in Article 24A(2) of the eIDAS Regulation.
- (3) The provisions mentioned in [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/131/1/2025-11-17)[(e)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/131/1/e/2025-11-17) are—
- (e) amend a provision listed in subsection (3) so as to remove a reference to a trust service provider established in the EU;
- (f) amend a provision listed in subsection (4) so as to remove a reference to European standards or provisions of equivalent EU law.
- (2) The power under subsection (1)(a) includes power to amend or remove an assumption in Article 24A(2) of the eIDAS Regulation.
- (3) The provisions mentioned in subsection (1)(e) are—
- (a) Article 13(1) of the eIDAS Regulation;
- (b) Articles 2(1)(a) and 4(1)(a) of the Implementing Decision.
- (4) The provisions mentioned in [subsection (1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/131/1/2025-11-17)[(f)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/131/1/f/2025-11-17) are—
- (4) The provisions mentioned in subsection (1)(f) are—
- (a) Article 24(2)(b) of the eIDAS Regulation;
@@ -5853,7 +5853,7 @@
- (b) lay a document containing the assessment before Parliament.
- (2) The document may include an assessment of the economic impact in the United Kingdom of policy options which are alternatives to the options described in subsection [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/135/1/2025-11-17)[(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/135/1/a/2025-11-17).
- (2) The document may include an assessment of the economic impact in the United Kingdom of policy options which are alternatives to the options described in subsection (1)(a).
- (3) An assessment included in the document must, among other things, include assessment of the economic impact of each option on—
@@ -5865,7 +5865,7 @@
- (4) In this section—
- “*AI system*” means a machine-based system that, from the input it receives, can infer how to— generate predictions, digital content, recommendations, decisions or other similar outputs, or influence a physical or virtual environment, with a view to achieving an explicit or implicit objective;
- “*AI system*” means a machine-based system that, from the input it receives, can infer how to—generate predictions, digital content, recommendations, decisions or other similar outputs, orinfluence a physical or virtual environment,with a view to achieving an explicit or implicit objective;
- “*the Copyright and AI Consultation Paper*” means the command paper “Copyright and AI: Consultation”, numbered CP1205, published on 17 December 2024;
@@ -5925,7 +5925,7 @@
including enforcement by a regulator.
- (4) The consideration and proposals under each of paragraphs [(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/136/3/a/2025-11-17) to [(e)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/136/3/e/2025-11-17) of [subsection (3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/136/3/2025-11-17) must include consideration of, and proposals relating to, AI systems developed outside the United Kingdom.
- (4) The consideration and proposals under each of paragraphs (a) to (e) of subsection (3) must include consideration of, and proposals relating to, AI systems developed outside the United Kingdom.
- (5) In preparing the report, the Secretary of State must consider the likely effect of proposals, in the United Kingdom, on—
@@ -5949,7 +5949,7 @@
- “*web crawler*” means a computer program that obtains data from websites in accordance with instructions and that can autonomously determine which websites to visit.
- (9) Terms used in this section and in [section 135](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/135/2025-11-17) have the same meaning in this section as they have in that section.
- (9) Terms used in this section and in section 135 have the same meaning in this section as they have in that section.
#### Progress statement
@@ -5957,9 +5957,9 @@
- (1) The Secretary of State must, before the end of the period of 6 months beginning with the day on which this Act is passed, lay before Parliament a statement setting out what progress has been made towards the publication of—
- (a) the economic impact assessment required by [section 135](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/135/2025-11-17), and
- (b) the report required by [section 136](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/136/2025-11-17).
- (a) the economic impact assessment required by section 135, and
- (b) the report required by section 136.
- (2) The duty in subsection (1) does not apply where the economic impact assessment and the report have been published before the end of the period described in that subsection.
@@ -5969,7 +5969,7 @@
##### 138
- (1) The Sexual Offences Act 2003 is amended in accordance with subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/138/2/2025-11-17) and [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/138/3/2025-11-17).
- (1) The Sexual Offences Act 2003 is amended in accordance with subsections (2) and (3).
- (2) After section 66D insert—
@@ -5991,7 +5991,7 @@
> (5) It is a defence for a person charged with an offence under this section to prove that the person had a reasonable excuse for creating the purported intimate image.
> (6) A person who commits an offence under this section is liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the maximum term for summary offences or a fine (or both).
> (7) The Secretary of State must—
> (a) review the operation of [subsection (5)](#p16215),
> (a) review the operation of subsection (5),
> (b) publish the outcome of the review in a report before the end of the period of two years beginning with the day on which this section comes into force, and
> (c) lay the report before Parliament.
> (66F)
@@ -6008,22 +6008,22 @@
> (a) making a request directed to a particular person or persons, or
> (b) making a request so that it is available to one or more persons (or people generally), without directing it to a particular person or persons.
> (5) References in this section to consent to a person requesting something are—
> (a) in a case described in subsection [(4)](#p16279)[(a)](#p16282), references to consent to a request being made that is directed to the particular person or persons, and
> (b) in a case described in subsection [(4)](#p16279)[(b)](#p16286), references to consent to a request being made so that it is available to the person or persons (or people generally), as appropriate.
> (a) in a case described in subsection (4)(a), references to consent to a request being made that is directed to the particular person or persons, and
> (b) in a case described in subsection (4)(b), references to consent to a request being made so that it is available to the person or persons (or people generally), as appropriate.
> (6) An offence under this section is committed—
> (a) regardless of whether the purported intimate image is created,
> (b) regardless of whether the purported intimate image, or the particular thing to be included in or excluded from such an image, is also requested by another person, and
> (c) regardless of where in the world the person or persons mentioned in subsection [(4)](#p16279)[(a)](#p16282)and [(b)](#p16286) is or are located.
> (c) regardless of where in the world the person or persons mentioned in subsection (4)(a)and (b) is or are located.
> (7) It is a defence for a person charged with an offence under this section to prove that the person had a reasonable excuse for making the request.
> (8) A person who commits an offence under this section is liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the maximum term for summary offences or a fine (or both).
> (9) In this section, references to a purported intimate image, to creating such an image and to a person shown in an intimate state have the same meaning as in section [66E](#p16157).
> (9) In this section, references to a purported intimate image, to creating such an image and to a person shown in an intimate state have the same meaning as in section 66E.
> (10) The Secretary of State must—
> (a) review the operation of [subsection (7)](#p16329),
> (a) review the operation of subsection (7),
> (b) publish the outcome of the review in a report before the end of the period of two years beginning with the day on which this section comes into force, and
> (c) lay the report before Parliament.
> (66G)
> (1) This section applies for the purposes of sections [66E](#p16157) and [66F](#p16241).
> (2) “Consent” to an act includes general consent covering the particular act as well as specific consent to that particular act (and see also section [66F](#p16241)[(5)](#p16291)).
> (1) This section applies for the purposes of sections 66E and 66F.
> (2) “Consent” to an act includes general consent covering the particular act as well as specific consent to that particular act (and see also section 66F(5)).
> (3) Whether a belief is “reasonable” is to be determined having regard to all the circumstances, including any steps A has taken to ascertain whether B consents.
> (4) “*Photograph*” includes the negative as well as the positive version.
> (5) “*Film*” means a moving image.
@@ -6035,31 +6035,31 @@
> (a) if the offence is committed before the time when section 281(5) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 comes into force, six months;
> (b) if the offence is committed after that time, 51 weeks.
> (66H)
> (1) Notwithstanding section 127(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980, a magistrates’ court may try an information or written charge relating to an offence under section [66E](#p16157) or [66F](#p16241) if the information is laid or the charge is issued—
> (1) Notwithstanding section 127(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980, a magistrates’ court may try an information or written charge relating to an offence under section 66E or 66F if the information is laid or the charge is issued—
> (a) before the end of the period of 3 years beginning with the day on which the offence was committed, and
> (b) before the end of the period of 6 months beginning with the day on which evidence which the prosecutor thinks is sufficient to justify a prosecution comes to the prosecutor’s knowledge.
> (2) A certificate signed by or on behalf of a prosecutor stating the date on which evidence described in subsection [(1)](#p16418)[(b)](#p16427) came to the prosecutor’s knowledge is conclusive evidence of that fact.
- (3) In section 79(5) (meaning of references to image of a person), after “a person” insert “(except in sections [66E](#p16157), [66F](#p16241) and [66G](#p16360))”.
> (2) A certificate signed by or on behalf of a prosecutor stating the date on which evidence described in subsection (1)(b) came to the prosecutor’s knowledge is conclusive evidence of that fact.
- (3) In section 79(5) (meaning of references to image of a person), after “a person” insert “(except in sections 66E, 66F and 66G)”.
- (4) In the Armed Forces Act 2006, after section 177D insert—
> (177DA)
> (1) This section applies where a person commits an offence under section 42 as respects which the corresponding offence under the law of England and Wales is an offence under section [66E](#p16157) of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (creating purported intimate image of adult).
> (1) This section applies where a person commits an offence under section 42 as respects which the corresponding offence under the law of England and Wales is an offence under section 66E of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (creating purported intimate image of adult).
> (2) The purported intimate image to which the offence relates, and anything containing it, is to be regarded for the purposes of section 177C(3) (and section 94A(3)(b)(ii)) as used for the purposes of committing the offence (including where it is committed by aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring).
- (5) In Part 2 of Schedule 3 to the Serious Crime Act 2007 (offences to be disregarded in reckoning whether an act is capable of encouraging or assisting the commission of an offence: England and Wales), after paragraph 38 insert—
> (38ZA) An offence under [section 66F](#p16241) of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (requesting the creation of purported intimate image of adult).
> (38ZA) An offence under section 66F of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (requesting the creation of purported intimate image of adult).
- (6) In the Sentencing Code, after section 154 insert—
> (154A)
> (1) Subsection [(2)](#p16495) applies where a person commits an offence under [section 66E](#p16157) of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (creating purported intimate image of adult).
> (1) Subsection (2) applies where a person commits an offence under section 66E of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (creating purported intimate image of adult).
> (2) The purported intimate image to which the offence relates, and anything containing it, is to be regarded for the purposes of section 153 (and section 157(3)(b)) as used for the purposes of committing the offence (including where it is committed by aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring).
> (3) Subsection [(4)](#p16505) applies where a person commits an offence under section [66F](#p16241) of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (requesting the creation of purported intimate image of adult).
> (3) Subsection (4) applies where a person commits an offence under section 66F of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (requesting the creation of purported intimate image of adult).
> (4) A purported intimate image which is connected with the offence, and anything containing it, is to be regarded for the purposes of section 153 (and section 157(3)(b)) as used for the purposes of committing the offence (including where it is committed by aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring).
> (5) A purported intimate image is connected with an offence under section [66F](#p16241) of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 if —
> (5) A purported intimate image is connected with an offence under section 66F of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 if —
> (a) it appears to be of a person who was the subject of the request to which the offence relates (whether or not it is what was requested), and
> (b) it was in the offender’s possession, or under the offender’s control, as a result of that request.
@@ -6079,13 +6079,13 @@
- (c) may amend, repeal or revoke any provision made by an enactment.
- (3) The reference in [subsection (2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/139/2/2025-11-17)[(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/139/2/c/2025-11-17) to provision made by an enactment is—
- (a) where the amendment, repeal or revocation is consequential on [section 117](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/117/2025-11-17), [118](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/118/2025-11-17) or [119](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/119/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/119/1/2025-11-17) or [Schedule 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/14/2025-11-17), a reference to provision made by an enactment whenever passed or made (including this Act), and
- (3) The reference in subsection (2)(c) to provision made by an enactment is—
- (a) where the amendment, repeal or revocation is consequential on section 117, 118 or 119(1) or Schedule 14, a reference to provision made by an enactment whenever passed or made (including this Act), and
- (b) in any other case, a reference to provision made by an enactment passed or made before the end of the Session in which this Act is passed.
- (4) Regulations under this section made in consequence of section [183A](#p13030) of the Data Protection Act 2018 (inserted by section [106](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106/2025-11-17) of this Act) may amend, repeal or revoke provision which refers to the data protection legislation (as defined in section 3 of the Data Protection Act 2018) as they could if the provision referred instead to the main data protection legislation (as defined in section [183A](#p13030) of that Act).
- (4) Regulations under this section made in consequence of section 183A of the Data Protection Act 2018 (inserted by section 106 of this Act) may amend, repeal or revoke provision which refers to the data protection legislation (as defined in section 3 of the Data Protection Act 2018) as they could if the provision referred instead to the main data protection legislation (as defined in section 183A of that Act).
- (5) Regulations under this section that amend, repeal or revoke primary legislation are subject to the affirmative resolution procedure.
@@ -6093,9 +6093,9 @@
- (7) In this section—
- “*enactment*” includes— an enactment comprised in subordinate legislation (as defined in section 21 of the Interpretation Act 1978), an enactment comprised in, or in an instrument made under, a Measure or Act of Senedd Cymru, an enactment comprised in, or in an instrument made under, an Act of the Scottish Parliament, an enactment comprised in, or in an instrument made under, Northern Ireland legislation, and assimilated direct legislation;
- “*primary legislation*” means— an Act of Parliament; an Act of the Scottish Parliament; a Measure or Act of Senedd Cymru; Northern Ireland legislation.
- “*enactment*” includes—an enactment comprised in subordinate legislation (as defined in section 21 of the Interpretation Act 1978),an enactment comprised in, or in an instrument made under, a Measure or Act of Senedd Cymru,an enactment comprised in, or in an instrument made under, an Act of the Scottish Parliament,an enactment comprised in, or in an instrument made under, Northern Ireland legislation, andassimilated direct legislation;
- “*primary legislation*” means—an Act of Parliament;an Act of the Scottish Parliament;a Measure or Act of Senedd Cymru;Northern Ireland legislation.
#### Regulations
@@ -6113,31 +6113,31 @@
##### 141
- (1) This Act extends to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, subject to subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/141/2/2025-11-17) to [(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/141/5/2025-11-17).
- (2) In Part [3](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/part/3/2025-11-17) (National Underground Asset Register)—
- (a) sections [56](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/56/2025-11-17), [57](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/57/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/57/1/2025-11-17) to [(7)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/57/7/2025-11-17) and [60](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/60/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/60/1/2025-11-17) and Schedule [1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/1/2025-11-17) extend to England and Wales only, and
- (b) sections [58](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/58/2025-11-17), [59](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/59/2025-11-17) and [60](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/60/2025-11-17)[(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/60/2/2025-11-17) and Schedule [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/2/2025-11-17) extend to Northern Ireland only.
- (1) This Act extends to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, subject to subsections (2) to (5).
- (2) In Part 3 (National Underground Asset Register)—
- (a) sections 56, 57(1) to (7) and 60(1) and Schedule 1 extend to England and Wales only, and
- (b) sections 58, 59 and 60(2) and Schedule 2 extend to Northern Ireland only.
- (3) In Part 4 (registers of births and deaths)—
- (a) sections [61](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/61/2025-11-17) to [64](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/64/2025-11-17) extend to England and Wales only, and
- (b) an amendment or repeal made by Schedule [3](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/3/2025-11-17) (minor and consequential amendments) has the same extent as the enactment amended or repealed.
- (4) In Part [6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/part/6/2025-11-17) (the Information Commission), paragraph 23 of [Schedule 12A](#p22271) to the Data Protection Act 2018 (inserted by [Schedule 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/14/2025-11-17) to this Act) extends to England and Wales and Northern Ireland only.
- (5) In Part [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/part/7/2025-11-17)—
- (a) section [121](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/121/2025-11-17) and [Schedule 15](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/15/2025-11-17) (information standards for health and adult social care) extend to England and Wales only;
- (b) paragraphs [2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/16/paragraph/2/2025-11-17), [3](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/16/paragraph/3/2025-11-17) and [5](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/16/paragraph/5/2025-11-17) to [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/16/paragraph/7/2025-11-17) of Schedule [16](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/16/2025-11-17) (grant of smart meter communication licences) extend to England and Wales and Scotland only;
- (c) [section 138](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/138/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/138/1/2025-11-17) to [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/138/3/2025-11-17) and [(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/138/6/2025-11-17) (creating, or requesting the creation of, purported intimate image of adult) extend to England and Wales only;
- (d) section [138](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/138/2025-11-17)[(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/138/4/2025-11-17) (amendment of the Armed Forces Act 2006) extends to—
- (a) sections 61 to 64 extend to England and Wales only, and
- (b) an amendment or repeal made by Schedule 3 (minor and consequential amendments) has the same extent as the enactment amended or repealed.
- (4) In Part 6 (the Information Commission), paragraph 23 of Schedule 12A to the Data Protection Act 2018 (inserted by Schedule 14 to this Act) extends to England and Wales and Northern Ireland only.
- (5) In Part 7—
- (a) section 121 and Schedule 15 (information standards for health and adult social care) extend to England and Wales only;
- (b) paragraphs 2, 3 and 5 to 7 of Schedule 16 (grant of smart meter communication licences) extend to England and Wales and Scotland only;
- (c) section 138(1) to (3) and (6) (creating, or requesting the creation of, purported intimate image of adult) extend to England and Wales only;
- (d) section 138(4) (amendment of the Armed Forces Act 2006) extends to—
- (i) England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland,
@@ -6145,39 +6145,39 @@
- (iii) the British overseas territories, except Gibraltar;
- (e) section [138](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/138/2025-11-17)[(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/138/5/2025-11-17) (amendment of the Serious Crime Act 2007) extends to England and Wales and Northern Ireland only.
- (6) The powers conferred by section 384(1) and (2) of the Armed Forces Act 2006 (powers to extend provisions to the Channel Islands and to make provisions apply with modifications as they extend to the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man and British overseas territories other than Gibraltar) may be exercised in relation to section [177DA](#p16454) of that Act (inserted by section [138](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/138/2025-11-17)[(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/138/4/2025-11-17) of this Act).
- (7) The power conferred by section 63(3) of the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006 may be exercised so as to extend to the Bailiwick of Guernsey or the Isle of Man any amendment made by section [55](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/55/2025-11-17) of this Act of any part of that Act (with or without modification or adaptation).
- (8) The power conferred by section 76(6) of the Immigration Act 2014 may be exercised so as to extend to the Bailiwick of Guernsey or the Isle of Man any amendment made by section [55](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/55/2025-11-17) of this Act of any part of that Act (with or without modifications).
- (9) The power conferred by section 95(5) of the Immigration Act 2016 may be exercised so as to extend to the Bailiwick of Guernsey or the Isle of Man any amendment made by section [55](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/55/2025-11-17) of this Act of any part of that Act (with or without modifications).
- (e) section 138(5) (amendment of the Serious Crime Act 2007) extends to England and Wales and Northern Ireland only.
- (6) The powers conferred by section 384(1) and (2) of the Armed Forces Act 2006 (powers to extend provisions to the Channel Islands and to make provisions apply with modifications as they extend to the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man and British overseas territories other than Gibraltar) may be exercised in relation to section 177DA of that Act (inserted by section 138(4) of this Act).
- (7) The power conferred by section 63(3) of the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006 may be exercised so as to extend to the Bailiwick of Guernsey or the Isle of Man any amendment made by section 55 of this Act of any part of that Act (with or without modification or adaptation).
- (8) The power conferred by section 76(6) of the Immigration Act 2014 may be exercised so as to extend to the Bailiwick of Guernsey or the Isle of Man any amendment made by section 55 of this Act of any part of that Act (with or without modifications).
- (9) The power conferred by section 95(5) of the Immigration Act 2016 may be exercised so as to extend to the Bailiwick of Guernsey or the Isle of Man any amendment made by section 55 of this Act of any part of that Act (with or without modifications).
- (10) The power conferred by section 239(7) of the Online Safety Act 2023 may be exercised so as to extend to the Bailiwick of Guernsey or the Isle of Man any amendment or repeal made by this Act of any part of that Act (with or without modifications).
- (11) In this section, “*enactment*” has the same meaning as in section [139](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/139/2025-11-17).
- (11) In this section, “*enactment*” has the same meaning as in section 139.
#### Commencement
##### 142
- (1) Except as provided by subsections [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/2/2025-11-17) to [(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/4/2025-11-17), this Act comes into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by regulations appoint.
- (1) Except as provided by subsections (2) to (4), this Act comes into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by regulations appoint.
- (2) The following provisions come into force on the day on which this Act is passed—
- (a) section [66](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/66/2025-11-17) (meaning of “*the 2018 Act*” and “*the UK GDPR*”);
- (b) section [78](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/78/2025-11-17) (searches in response to data subjects’ requests);
- (c) Part [1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/16/part/1/2025-11-17) of Schedule [16](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/16/2025-11-17) (grant of smart meter communication licences) and section [122](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/122/2025-11-17) so far as relating to that Part of that Schedule;
- (d) section [126](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/126/2025-11-17) (retention of biometric data and recordable offences);
- (e) section [127](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/127/2025-11-17) (retention of pseudonymised biometric data);
- (f) section [128](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/128/2025-11-17) (retention of biometric data from INTERPOL);
- (a) section 66 (meaning of “*the 2018 Act*” and “*the UK GDPR*”);
- (b) section 78 (searches in response to data subjects’ requests);
- (c) Part 1 of Schedule 16 (grant of smart meter communication licences) and section 122 so far as relating to that Part of that Schedule;
- (d) section 126 (retention of biometric data and recordable offences);
- (e) section 127 (retention of pseudonymised biometric data);
- (f) section 128 (retention of biometric data from INTERPOL);
- (g) this Part;
@@ -6185,15 +6185,15 @@
- (3) The following provisions come into force at the end of the period of two months beginning with the day on which this Act is passed—
- (a) [section 69](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/69/2025-11-17) (consent to law enforcement processing);
- (b) [section 82](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/82/2025-11-17) (logging of law enforcement processing);
- (c) section [96](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/96/2025-11-17) (notices from the Information Commissioner);
- (d) [section 97](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/97/2025-11-17) (power of the Information Commissioner to require documents).
- (4) [Part 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/16/part/2/2025-11-17) of Schedule [16](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/16/2025-11-17) (grant of smart meter communication licences), and section [122](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/122/2025-11-17) so far as relating to that Part of that Schedule, come into force on the day on which the first regulations under section [91A](#p23605)[(1)](#p23607) of the Energy Act 2008 (inserted by [Part 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/16/part/1/2025-11-17) of Schedule [16](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/16/2025-11-17)) come into force.
- (a) section 69 (consent to law enforcement processing);
- (b) section 82 (logging of law enforcement processing);
- (c) section 96 (notices from the Information Commissioner);
- (d) section 97 (power of the Information Commissioner to require documents).
- (4) Part 2 of Schedule 16 (grant of smart meter communication licences), and section 122 so far as relating to that Part of that Schedule, come into force on the day on which the first regulations under section 91A(1) of the Energy Act 2008 (inserted by Part 1 of Schedule 16) come into force.
- (5) Regulations under this section may make different provision for different purposes.
@@ -6203,9 +6203,9 @@
- (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations make transitional, transitory or saving provision in connection with the coming into force of any provision of this Act.
- (2) Regulations under this section may amend Schedule 21 to the Data Protection Act 2018 or [Part 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/part/2/2025-11-17) of [Schedule 9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/2025-11-17) to this Act by adding, varying or repealing provision.
- (3) Regulations under this section containing provision described in [subsection (2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/143/2/2025-11-17) are subject to the negative resolution procedure.
- (2) Regulations under this section may amend Schedule 21 to the Data Protection Act 2018 or Part 2 of Schedule 9 to this Act by adding, varying or repealing provision.
- (3) Regulations under this section containing provision described in subsection (2) are subject to the negative resolution procedure.
- (4) Regulations under this section may make different provision for different purposes.
@@ -6706,7 +6706,7 @@
##### 5
After Article 45B (inserted by [paragraph 4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/paragraph/4/2025-11-17)) insert—
After Article 45B (inserted by [paragraph 4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/paragraph/4/2025-12-01)) insert—
> (Article 45C)
> (1) The Secretary of State must, on an ongoing basis, monitor developments in third countries and international organisations that could affect decisions to make regulations under Article 45A or to amend or revoke such regulations.
@@ -7247,13 +7247,13 @@
##### 18
In section 75 (transfers on the basis of appropriate safeguards), after subsection (7) (inserted by Schedule [8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/8/2025-11-17) to this Act) insert—
In section 75 (transfers on the basis of appropriate safeguards), after subsection (7) (inserted by Schedule [8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/8/2025-12-01) to this Act) insert—
> (8) For provision about standard data protection clauses which the Commissioner considers are capable of securing that the data protection test in this section is met, see section 119A.
##### 19
In section 78A (law enforcement processing: national security exemption) (inserted by section [88](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/88/2025-11-17) of this Act), in subsection (2)(e), after sub-paragraph (i) insert—
In section 78A (law enforcement processing: national security exemption) (inserted by section [88](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/88/2025-12-01) of this Act), in subsection (2)(e), after sub-paragraph (i) insert—
> (ia) section 119A (standard clauses for transfers to third countries);
@@ -7391,9 +7391,9 @@
##### 26
- (1) Regulations made under section 17A of the 2018 Act (transfers based on adequacy regulations) and in force immediately before the relevant day are to be treated, on and after that day, as if made under Article 45A of the UK GDPR (inserted by Schedule [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-11-17) to this Act).
- (2) In this paragraph, “*the relevant day*” means the day on which paragraph [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/paragraph/4/2025-11-17) of Schedule [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-11-17) to this Act comes into force.
- (1) Regulations made under section 17A of the 2018 Act (transfers based on adequacy regulations) and in force immediately before the relevant day are to be treated, on and after that day, as if made under Article 45A of the UK GDPR (inserted by Schedule [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-12-01) to this Act).
- (2) In this paragraph, “*the relevant day*” means the day on which paragraph [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/paragraph/4/2025-12-01) of Schedule [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-12-01) to this Act comes into force.
#### The UK GDPR: transfers subject to appropriate safeguards
@@ -7411,7 +7411,7 @@
- (ii) the requirements of the last sentence of Article 44 of the UK GDPR (level of protection must not be undermined).
- (2) Sub-paragraph [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/27/1/2025-11-17) has effect in addition to Article 46(1A) of the UK GDPR.
- (2) Sub-paragraph [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/27/1/2025-12-01) has effect in addition to Article 46(1A) of the UK GDPR.
- (3) In this paragraph—
@@ -7419,7 +7419,7 @@
- “*personal data*” has the same meaning as in the 2018 Act (see section 3 of that Act);
- “*the relevant day*” means the day on which paragraph [6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/paragraph/6/2025-11-17) of Schedule [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-11-17) to this Act comes into force;
- “*the relevant day*” means the day on which paragraph [6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/paragraph/6/2025-12-01) of Schedule [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-12-01) to this Act comes into force;
- “*third country*” has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the 2018 Act (see section 33 of that Act).
@@ -7427,9 +7427,9 @@
##### 28
- (1) Regulations made under section 17C of the 2018 Act (standard data protection clauses) and in force immediately before the relevant day are to be treated, on and after that day, as if made under Article 47A(1) of the UK GDPR (inserted by Schedule [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-11-17) to this Act).
- (2) In this paragraph, “*the relevant day*” means the day on which paragraph [8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/paragraph/8/2025-11-17) of Schedule [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-11-17) to this Act comes into force.
- (1) Regulations made under section 17C of the 2018 Act (standard data protection clauses) and in force immediately before the relevant day are to be treated, on and after that day, as if made under Article 47A(1) of the UK GDPR (inserted by Schedule [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-12-01) to this Act).
- (2) In this paragraph, “*the relevant day*” means the day on which paragraph [8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/paragraph/8/2025-12-01) of Schedule [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-12-01) to this Act comes into force.
##### 29
@@ -7437,7 +7437,7 @@
- (a) Article 46(1A)(a)(i) of the UK GDPR, or
- (b) [paragraph 27](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/27/2025-11-17)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/27/1/2025-11-17)[(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/27/1/b/2025-11-17) of this Schedule.
- (b) [paragraph 27](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/27/2025-12-01)[(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/27/1/2025-12-01)[(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/27/1/b/2025-12-01) of this Schedule.
- (2) The requirement may be satisfied on and after the relevant day by a version of pre-commencement standard clauses incorporating changes where—
@@ -7445,45 +7445,45 @@
- (b) none of the changes alters the effect of the clauses.
- (3) Changing a reference to regulations under section 17A of the 2018 Act into a reference to regulations made under Article 45A of the UK GDPR is to be treated as a change falling within sub-paragraph [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/29/2/2025-11-17).
- (4) Sub-paragraphs [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/29/2/2025-11-17) and [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/29/3/2025-11-17) cease to apply in relation to pre-commencement standard clauses if—
- (3) Changing a reference to regulations under section 17A of the 2018 Act into a reference to regulations made under Article 45A of the UK GDPR is to be treated as a change falling within sub-paragraph [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/29/2/2025-12-01).
- (4) Sub-paragraphs [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/29/2/2025-12-01) and [(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/29/3/2025-12-01) cease to apply in relation to pre-commencement standard clauses if—
- (a) the clauses are specified in regulations and a provision of the regulations relating to the clauses is amended or revoked on or after the relevant day, or
- (b) the clauses are specified in another document and a provision of the document relating to the clauses is amended or withdrawn by the Information Commissioner on or after the relevant day.
- (5) Sub-paragraph [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/29/2/2025-11-17) has effect in addition to Article 46(2) and (3) of the UK GDPR.
- (5) Sub-paragraph [(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/29/2/2025-12-01) has effect in addition to Article 46(2) and (3) of the UK GDPR.
- (6) In this paragraph—
- “*pre-commencement standard clauses*” means standard data protection clauses specified in— regulations made under section 17C of the 2018 Act and in force immediately before the relevant day, or a document issued by the Information Commissioner under section 119A of the 2018 Act before the relevant day and not withdrawn before that day;
- “*the relevant day*” means the day on which paragraph [6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/paragraph/6/2025-11-17) of Schedule [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-11-17) to this Act comes into force.
- “*the relevant day*” means the day on which paragraph [6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/paragraph/6/2025-12-01) of Schedule [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-12-01) to this Act comes into force.
#### The UK GDPR: transfers necessary for important reasons of public interest
##### 30
- (1) Regulations made under section 18(1) of the 2018 Act (transfers necessary for important reasons of public interest) and in force immediately before the relevant day are to be treated, on and after that day, as if made under Article 49(4A) of the UK GDPR (inserted by [Schedule 7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-11-17) to this Act).
- (2) In this paragraph, “*the relevant day*” means the day on which [paragraph 9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/paragraph/9/2025-11-17)[(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/paragraph/9/5/2025-11-17) of [Schedule 7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-11-17) to this Act comes into force.
- (1) Regulations made under section 18(1) of the 2018 Act (transfers necessary for important reasons of public interest) and in force immediately before the relevant day are to be treated, on and after that day, as if made under Article 49(4A) of the UK GDPR (inserted by [Schedule 7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-12-01) to this Act).
- (2) In this paragraph, “*the relevant day*” means the day on which [paragraph 9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/paragraph/9/2025-12-01)[(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/paragraph/9/5/2025-12-01) of [Schedule 7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-12-01) to this Act comes into force.
#### The UK GDPR: restrictions on transfers of personal data to third countries and international organisations
##### 31
- (1) Regulations made under section 18(2) of the 2018 Act (restrictions on transfers of personal data to third countries and international organisations) and in force immediately before the relevant day are to be treated, on and after that day, as if made under Article 49A of the UK GDPR (inserted by Schedule [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-11-17) to this Act).
- (2) In this paragraph, “*the relevant day*” means the day on which paragraph [10](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/paragraph/10/2025-11-17) of Schedule [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-11-17) to this Act comes into force.
- (1) Regulations made under section 18(2) of the 2018 Act (restrictions on transfers of personal data to third countries and international organisations) and in force immediately before the relevant day are to be treated, on and after that day, as if made under Article 49A of the UK GDPR (inserted by Schedule [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-12-01) to this Act).
- (2) In this paragraph, “*the relevant day*” means the day on which paragraph [10](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/paragraph/10/2025-12-01) of Schedule [7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/7/2025-12-01) to this Act comes into force.
#### Part 3 of the 2018 Act (law enforcement processing): transfers approved by regulations
##### 32
- (1) Regulations made under section 74A of the 2018 Act (transfers based on adequacy regulations) and in force immediately before the relevant day are to be treated, on and after that day, as if made under section [74AA](#p19204) of that Act (inserted by Schedule [8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/8/2025-11-17) to this Act).
- (2) In this paragraph, “*the relevant day*” means the day on which paragraph [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/8/paragraph/4/2025-11-17) of Schedule [8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/8/2025-11-17) to this Act comes into force.
- (1) Regulations made under section 74A of the 2018 Act (transfers based on adequacy regulations) and in force immediately before the relevant day are to be treated, on and after that day, as if made under section [74AA](#p19204) of that Act (inserted by Schedule [8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/8/2025-12-01) to this Act).
- (2) In this paragraph, “*the relevant day*” means the day on which paragraph [4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/8/paragraph/4/2025-12-01) of Schedule [8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/8/2025-12-01) to this Act comes into force.
#### Part 3 of the 2018 Act (law enforcement processing): transfers subject to appropriate safeguards
@@ -7495,9 +7495,9 @@
- (b) if the transfer had been made immediately before the relevant day, the requirement in section 75(1)(a) of the 2018 Act (binding legal instrument containing appropriate safeguards) would have been satisfied by virtue of that instrument.
- (2) Sub-paragraph [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/33/1/2025-11-17) has effect in addition to section 75[(1A)](#p19472) of the 2018 Act.
- (3) For the purposes of sub-paragraph [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/33/1/2025-11-17), a legal instrument is an “*appropriate pre-commencement legal instrument*”, in relation to a transfer of personal data, if—
- (2) Sub-paragraph [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/33/1/2025-12-01) has effect in addition to section 75[(1A)](#p19472) of the 2018 Act.
- (3) For the purposes of sub-paragraph [(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/9/paragraph/33/1/2025-12-01), a legal instrument is an “*appropriate pre-commencement legal instrument*”, in relation to a transfer of personal data, if—
- (a) it was entered into before the relevant day,
@@ -7513,7 +7513,7 @@
- “*personal data*” has the same meaning as in the 2018 Act (see section 3 of that Act);
- “*the relevant day*” means the day on which paragraph [6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/8/paragraph/6/2025-11-17) of Schedule [8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/8/2025-11-17) to this Act comes into force;
- “*the relevant day*” means the day on which paragraph [6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/8/paragraph/6/2025-12-01) of Schedule [8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/8/2025-12-01) to this Act comes into force;
- “*third country*” has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the 2018 Act (see section 33 of that Act).
@@ -7589,7 +7589,7 @@
##### 9
In section 26(2)(f) (national security and defence exemption), omit sub-paragraph (ai) (inserted by [section 88](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/88/2025-11-17) of this Act).
In section 26(2)(f) (national security and defence exemption), omit sub-paragraph (ai) (inserted by [section 88](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/88/2025-12-01) of this Act).
##### 10
@@ -7641,7 +7641,7 @@
##### 12
In section 45A (exemption from sections 44 and 45: legal professional privilege) (inserted by section [79](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/79/2025-11-17) of this Act), in subsection (2), after paragraph (c) insert—
In section 45A (exemption from sections 44 and 45: legal professional privilege) (inserted by section [79](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/79/2025-12-01) of this Act), in subsection (2), after paragraph (c) insert—
> (ca) the data subject’s right to make a complaint to the controller under section [164A](#p12626),
@@ -8159,7 +8159,7 @@
- (1) This paragraph applies to the person who holds the office of Information Commissioner immediately before the day on which this Schedule comes into force.
- (2) The person is to be treated as having been appointed as the chair of the Information Commission for a term that expires at the time the person would cease to hold the office of Information Commissioner but for the abolition of that office by section [118](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/118/2025-11-17).
- (2) The person is to be treated as having been appointed as the chair of the Information Commission for a term that expires at the time the person would cease to hold the office of Information Commissioner but for the abolition of that office by section [118](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/118/2025-12-01).
- (3) For the purposes of paragraph [7](#p22452)[(3)](#p22461) of Schedule [12A](#p22271) to the Data Protection Act 2018 (extension of chair’s term), the term of the person’s appointment as chair of the Information Commission is to be treated as a term beginning when the person began to hold the office of Information Commissioner.
@@ -8829,9 +8829,17 @@
[^key-00c54ffaec8bc8f6c098028e19081000]: Sch. 15 para. 3 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-015594f0a81a5209c8305f8ab05a21e4]: [S. 3](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/3) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-01dda67d9f6f2ef9ff115617a130104e]: [S. 25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-024d5fbcb53dd74c669c532a9a90962d]: [S. 90](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/90) in force at 17.11.2025 by [S.I. 2025/996](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996), [reg. 2(2)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996/regulation/2/2/b)
[^key-02e4e1bb2b0ac48c09b34e9f873981a2]: Sch. 10 para. 5 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-0444dc61138bbcf220832d4c6ad823a0]: S. 71 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-0444dc61138bbcf220832d4c6ad823a0]: S. 71 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-05b05c8aab6682238b91af72d380acb0]: [Sch. 11 para. 4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/4) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-05ec704a7f759d3ee97e6fc2444efaae]: Sch. 16 para. 3 in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(2)(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/2/c)
@@ -8859,15 +8867,17 @@
[^key-0e5c282e37707675a3697024bb7dec22]: S. 36 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-0e813a3a3fc7318315ebf8773148bb5e]: [S. 134](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/134) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(u)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/u)
[^key-0eb9bdaf8ecde16917dd561439ae37b1]: Sch. 9 para. 1 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-0f3851f71c942e010be7d3bfbe793687]: S. 128 in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(2)(f)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/2/f)
[^key-0fade0d522f32b275f3a4c9177cf7087]: Sch. 11 para. 16 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-0fc52fc8fa1d20f96fc461300ec626b1]: S. 125 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-103676c6528c0968de8a453afb5e3284]: S. 89 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-0fc52fc8fa1d20f96fc461300ec626b1]: S. 125 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-103676c6528c0968de8a453afb5e3284]: S. 89 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-1081d9bbc2776794fae2e9ee8d1ff3c6]: Sch. 3 para. 7 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -8875,7 +8885,7 @@
[^key-108a569f013e7f58376b162faa224170]: S. 62 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-11d6c1ddc793147d5402bc311cd29392]: Sch. 7 para. 10 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-11d6c1ddc793147d5402bc311cd29392]: Sch. 7 para. 10 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-11f4ab50da9d0311d5a9a09163bb914d]: S. 53 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -8885,11 +8895,11 @@
[^key-123c7c544b324095cf12bdb32cee72da]: Sch. 9 para. 28 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-12c1c4af498ef817e44b8e0af62f7e09]: S. 4 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-12c1c4af498ef817e44b8e0af62f7e09]: S. 4 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-1420d1a38bb4aecc8d5fb5c60e801625]: Sch. 9 para. 2 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-1607233150e027bb3ef90809584d23a5]: Sch. 7 para. 9 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-1607233150e027bb3ef90809584d23a5]: Sch. 7 para. 9 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-18697cc514d493bf5e666c97f3fb1ec3]: Sch. 14 para. 3 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -8897,6 +8907,12 @@
[^key-19774ed2ea592a5fdeb73c455e64f3ce]: Sch. 3 para. 23 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-198519e4db8a5d5db463d5cf1016fab2]: [S. 55](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/55) in force at 1.12.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-19eedac5989e030312e6dd22c77a756c]: [S. 124](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/124) in force at 30.9.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/982](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/982), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/982/regulation/2)
[^key-1a20ac2d78c55a7513828de9a448698e]: [S. 107](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/107) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(l)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/l)
[^key-1a58cdccad4bd3cbf2f8e449eb60a343]: Sch. 15 para. 1 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-1b3cdc00c33d6991ed7e74156d44008c]: S. 73 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -8907,15 +8923,21 @@
[^key-1cf8f4682f0c7fa795b8ffcdc046a283]: Sch. 11 para. 27 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-1e854d113049f86aaf68cc82ca5b64c4]: S. 80 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-1d24e3244bd6a85a9774cf7b71dd9504]: [S. 33](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/33) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-1e854d113049f86aaf68cc82ca5b64c4]: S. 80 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-1eba37711afdc7d46b046cf15ed09da8]: Sch. 11 para. 23 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-1ee8ded1c593c65baddd82ec18b63db9]: Sch. 8 para. 2 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-211c3e3d4d218a4916fcd9a7e66e38a1]: S. 57 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-22a862d7082d091ebdf7b5dcdaf63b04]: S. 107 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-211c3e3d4d218a4916fcd9a7e66e38a1]: S. 57 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-222fc9a984603a5d0751ab9fd81ddbc9]: [S. 125](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/125) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(s)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/s)
[^key-22a862d7082d091ebdf7b5dcdaf63b04]: S. 107 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-22c6c15c72dd8e45ace8b0575ee5316e]: [S. 23](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/23) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-2300034b3dd9308c143e850990179790]: Sch. 11 para. 20 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -8923,29 +8945,39 @@
[^key-23c7b3f661512b2d06802fff4baf8057]: Sch. 6 para. 12 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-246cda4ec3b44f450865bd89a711d806]: [S. 11](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-258a25aed8cd16ad086c84606dacc2a1]: S. 46 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-25bf1ae21281dbe43a647f5b3c53bdf3]: [S. 8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/8) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-275f68a1c470bfbc264195732d355a4e]: S. 90 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-291bce3e90c6cee94e3e0228863373e1]: Sch. 8 para. 1 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-2a04508281cdb816838dd31c53d81a8a]: S. 75 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-2a5770a71e2be27932c20c785cf3f79f]: S. 12 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-2c040a59de5e4de8d961c3e86c4ef35f]: Sch. 8 para. 4 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-2a04508281cdb816838dd31c53d81a8a]: S. 75 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-2a5770a71e2be27932c20c785cf3f79f]: S. 12 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-2c040a59de5e4de8d961c3e86c4ef35f]: Sch. 8 para. 4 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-2ca64090340b3f4d4ef52e3f19683f03]: [S. 21](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-2ca6cdee35588c135b69abcf93bb3452]: S. 106 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-2d786acc7080670b1fc8858b85df5981]: Sch. 6 para. 3 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-2f475952b2ccefd0ca3e200b74b9f7f6]: S. 132 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-2f3d1dbf5e6f51aeefa7a32da1fe269e]: [S. 39](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/39) in force at 1.12.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-2f475952b2ccefd0ca3e200b74b9f7f6]: S. 132 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-2fca8d8636f5bb038b203b0bbd2a3d69]: S. 35 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-2fdd6a2429ed1935f95fbcca1bd18677]: [S. 35](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/35) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-311caecdd54debadc051ba0f64975243]: S. 94 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-312b22b0594396c34a6000396b348da6]: S. 93 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-312b22b0594396c34a6000396b348da6]: S. 93 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-31f797fc49479fc257494809ab4942ad]: S. 51 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -8953,38 +8985,60 @@
[^key-333b1f21cd1da57b4da6441a72a7cced]: Sch. 6 para. 2 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-350063a8667012f8b1a321c080057b3b]: S. 1 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-350cc432c7fd97d9bb212c88bf0e5a5c]: S. 39 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-33c0bdce00b9df19cc99a2ae0e2a4a65]: [S. 38](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/38) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-33dd396326df03a412d07869b3adb0fd]: [S. 41](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/41) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-34659b6933562c6f1afd2a6dfbf111cd]: [Sch. 11 para. 27](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/27) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-350063a8667012f8b1a321c080057b3b]: S. 1 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-350cc432c7fd97d9bb212c88bf0e5a5c]: S. 39 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-3519622e06b6a91519ee47bf7a3db720]: S. 101 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-351a270a57ffa9b28da1cbf03d42d268]: [S. 79](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/79) in force at 5.9.2025 by [S.I. 2025/996](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996), [reg. 2(1)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996/regulation/2/1/a) (with [reg. 3](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996/regulation/3))
[^key-36d7028bfc8e0aee76a1c1c9f42748ed]: [S. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-373a6b4614e6a50cf5f332ad9c4e904c]: Sch. 16 para. 4 in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(2)(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/2/c)
[^key-378f308b98bc8e7fd61985c05fa7bd65]: Sch. 9 para. 3 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-383ac868e7f31ffc785f8d7cf01e5e87]: [Sch. 14 para. 4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/14/paragraph/4) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(z)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/z)
[^key-388f299aae8c9dcf19736d00ecb98738]: S. 33 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-3922361eb12fd4300f3951e3b1b12c96]: Sch. 16 para. 6 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/4)
[^key-394ea6d7bd9ced7cb2d2bd88b23dc572]: Sch. 11 para. 12 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-3a442dbbfddc723461bab5fe3dd9f940]: S. 2 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-3a442dbbfddc723461bab5fe3dd9f940]: S. 2 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-3b0523a32893cd9c2be6f93add591560]: Sch. 3 para. 4 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-3ba1e10cd0e39d751f5671fa23a12365]: Sch. 3 para. 22 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-3be20c61a816866af0a4e254062122cd]: [Sch. 11 para. 7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/7) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-3c29638c99b7109c735d6b9d75a5ef9c]: [S. 10](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/10) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-3c52865447137639654245d6b6328cfc]: [Sch. 11 para. 10](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/10) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-3f58f5cddb5c9120c990c458e32a02a4]: [S. 108](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/108) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(m)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/m)
[^key-408b42100e91223bda990e31981507a6]: Sch. 10 para. 13 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-41ce62137846b0ba3049b6503527e316]: Sch. 1 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-41ce62137846b0ba3049b6503527e316]: Sch. 1 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-42708e1431dde7ee3eaa8d4a3e0c70b2]: S. 88 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-427960d74b39f13a4370c39050aa55e5]: S. 58 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-427960d74b39f13a4370c39050aa55e5]: S. 58 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-434161d7ce8fe25a00f163f6c38e40cf]: S. 49 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-43839d07039c07c5c50528ee8183286d]: [S. 51](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/51) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-43a10f7ea4db70cdf64b76aeadb030e9]: Sch. 9 para. 17 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-43f8dbdd40ef16f11578a8c6dd7b6b83]: S. 105 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -8995,22 +9049,32 @@
[^key-44b0c201dd231c438c2eb58291ed0ff8]: Sch. 11 para. 2 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-44bf92bafaab315e29054de481b54a1e]: [S. 40](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/40) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-46c0e2564faf92d9beee84a56fd23202]: S. 135 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-46c122ac7c708126f90c0d82332f0509]: [S. 102](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/102) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/i)
[^key-47074f7a0c54f65376fac43ba762e2a8]: Sch. 10 para. 10 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-4716e100d03c91baef8130e24287b377]: Sch. 3 para. 27 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-47b1c00c2bdf6d6c40119fa45b9a22b5]: [S. 18](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/18) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-484a46a3e8d0767057a33ed689c0bb5e]: S. 40 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-49486096afa680f7dcebb8122a901630]: Sch. 16 para. 2 in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(2)(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/2/c)
[^key-4950e6df2ecb4aaf62b2b2eb9d9466e8]: [S. 72(7)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/72/7) in force at 20.8.2025 for specified purposes by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/b)
[^key-49737951b1e412ac2be2185cce81a54e]: Sch. 9 para. 22 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-497390032157a44f84493f272265bdc2]: Sch. 3 para. 20 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-49754cd90f60869bb12a4473a213606a]: Sch. 11 para. 19 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-49a5eaca435bbfe059b79b4905862c70]: [S. 7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-4b35a2f1ed17509de49b05cf26b52936]: Sch. 6 para. 9 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-4b6312169f4e96fa02d546fd15a50dfd]: S. 67 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9023,18 +9087,30 @@
[^key-4e03685f63f9e2b9ba2753d198dc82e2]: Sch. 14 para. 2 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-4e4ed9ce42cb315d1e0f626685011750]: [S. 72(1)(2)(4)-(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/72/1/2/4)(8) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/b)
[^key-4ec5b0b651d1a6d5412ce6117e7c9803]: [Sch. 14 para. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/14/paragraph/2) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(z)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/z)
[^key-4f97425bfd974750c81f3ca2acb46c15]: Sch. 15 para. 2 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-4fbe1dcc212b65a6c404c5efe7c16f30]: Sch. 11 para. 15 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-50ffb1a3579043e19c552cf176811d3d]: [S. 106](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(k)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/k)
[^key-51330fd81ab125f308bff51233d967f9]: Sch. 3 para. 12 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-5269ac813c9b98f1aaedf25736d517c7]: [Sch. 11 para. 24](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/24) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-52a39f65a485c66ad65bc267a9753564]: [S. 20](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/20) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-52cfbb4f5d228ec4214c1e7a33f64d80]: S. 104 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-5342f0bc0225116bad33830a5c1a0943]: Sch. 15 para. 4 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-5525a8f84c9b7ff622637f432b8b7a7c]: Sch. 9 para. 10 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-55cf36ee7ae340f2b04ee669a9444e83]: [Sch. 11 para. 8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/8) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-5628f691fec87c25de6c892125dd7f71]: Sch. 11 para. 1 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-566db9be706a67145e66e1f3006bbcc5]: Sch. 10 para. 12 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9045,35 +9121,47 @@
[^key-596e3893b93e544a88c70ecbea4127a4]: Sch. 11 para. 22 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-59cdd052f89a169b278598ce6c59aeda]: Sch. 2 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-59b451ddfff7bb764175c4714f7392ab]: [S. 17](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/17) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-59cdd052f89a169b278598ce6c59aeda]: Sch. 2 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-59d8f2723813dfdb784ca5f39caeba42]: [S. 111](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/111) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(p)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/p)
[^key-59dba4ac22ba76a938fd5387b5aa326a]: Sch. 9 para. 5 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-5c2cb20121f91bc07db6c072dc770ebf]: S. 8 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-5be79df951f084492e2238339815b608]: [S. 34](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/34) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-5c2cb20121f91bc07db6c072dc770ebf]: S. 8 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-5c481f7a6695811594bb9d7d7b3325ce]: S. 111 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-5c82f1517d9de7812af9e63ed1595cdc]: [S. 74](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/74) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/c)
[^key-5ca13550d56b1577fecf4fb39ec4357f]: S. 84 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-5ce5af7ca8047407064b765af5dff5de]: S. 100 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-5dafe7f6870e1de780eaef8142d3c790]: S. 15 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-5dafe7f6870e1de780eaef8142d3c790]: S. 15 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-5dddea88d7f859e282b859a08ea5d7c2]: S. 140 in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(2)(g)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/2/g)
[^key-5eb6386997aa3d2ecac6c7d5627275d3]: [Sch. 11 para. 18](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/18) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-5ebf0a586fa40f89ed44224fba4dc44d]: Sch. 16 para. 1 in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(2)(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/2/c)
[^key-5ec5e75fb0b1fa07e6a3be85a82c692e]: Sch. 3 para. 16 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-5f86d12ab0342c9d5a2de8f440aa2f57]: Sch. 14 para. 4 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-5fd738ac6198a32094047bf2e8e7b01f]: S. 21 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-60042f872f4165db2875625c302eef17]: S. 25 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-5fc8b63f543a16a1a333a0a3060fe41c]: [S. 110(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/110/1)[(2)(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/110/2/c)[(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/110/4)[(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/110/5) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(o)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/o)
[^key-5fd738ac6198a32094047bf2e8e7b01f]: S. 21 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-60042f872f4165db2875625c302eef17]: S. 25 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-602b3e031898016cf0230bfe445356ae]: S. 98 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-615654bf6d2314391aaeadafdfc325b3]: S. 92 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-615654bf6d2314391aaeadafdfc325b3]: S. 92 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-61e200308c27eff83ee53224243ca452]: Sch. 15 para. 5 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9081,9 +9169,11 @@
[^key-61fc32c2094c1847c3e0e416fa4def86]: Sch. 6 para. 13 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-62a2c04ff95d9e94c57ce2c45990a56d]: S. 13 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-6322d04917a0051d92186526c700e0ca]: S. 55 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-62a2c04ff95d9e94c57ce2c45990a56d]: S. 13 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-6322d04917a0051d92186526c700e0ca]: S. 55 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-63a14e2be78bbe039cd85d79758f7ecd]: [S. 69](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/69) in force at 19.8.2025, see [s. 142(3)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/3/a)
[^key-642ba73862519fd792dffa5b33f48759]: Sch. 11 para. 8 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9091,7 +9181,7 @@
[^key-651106dba136385d1aa054d46ad81f61]: Sch. 9 para. 9 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-6540ef14f0f9a75603053edcbd8f831f]: S. 20 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-6540ef14f0f9a75603053edcbd8f831f]: S. 20 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-66dea301e99f1864956a7ea262d154c2]: Sch. 16 para. 7 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/4)
@@ -9099,6 +9189,8 @@
[^key-6946d31bf92a5127997bc034288e4dfa]: Sch. 11 para. 7 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-699f05fe19260748d445fa755895c980]: [Sch. 11 para. 3](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/3) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-69f96a1d7b833947c377630b897efdb4]: S. 141 in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(2)(g)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/2/g)
[^key-6af15f01a7bbd7d1f40d424b31197a46]: S. 41 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9109,17 +9201,19 @@
[^key-6ddd11b09f706f898f7cb9f0467e1290]: Sch. 15 para. 6 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-6e3f641845bb01fc5e785efadc5093ca]: S. 52 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-6e3f641845bb01fc5e785efadc5093ca]: S. 52 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-6f4b26e281d2e2dae31e4c1909d529ac]: Sch. 6 para. 1 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-701ce0c189a7277517ce31a30fb430f6]: Sch. 7 para. 8 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-701ce0c189a7277517ce31a30fb430f6]: Sch. 7 para. 8 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-703bae07e66305e71a0beffee0f43f08]: [S. 137](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/137) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(x)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/x)
[^key-706565a74df048b12c39eb42dda49cf6]: S. 85 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-7108dca8124834995ad99da6e44fc529]: S. 109 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-7118e8db7074b0a20cecd5b49f57f972]: S. 59 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-7118e8db7074b0a20cecd5b49f57f972]: S. 59 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-71cd9a9e8268adc1fdec392905c96730]: Sch. 11 para. 10 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9127,18 +9221,28 @@
[^key-733de8a99368dfe1b6fb07a72fee369f]: Sch. 8 para. 9 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-734d0c5df3afcc6d678e0b9ace503521]: S. 26 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-734d0c5df3afcc6d678e0b9ace503521]: S. 26 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-736c7e7f6d77d5624cf0c557027071d2]: Sch. 3 para. 19 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-73873a4f57f905481d30303c4e5d1328]: S. 31 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-744a9ea0b58b58e122acd58d7f380c33]: [Sch. 11 para. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/1) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-75b0b0cc2ae8edfa81c5ffa5a794a79f]: [S. 91](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/91) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(e)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/e)
[^key-766cbd2c48bfec4938c89b7949bdc6cf]: S. 120 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-767f5463af3a42e6acf625f6bb85065b]: Sch. 9 para. 32 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-76db00fdcee52f16a182e85f28ddce01]: [S. 135](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/135) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(v)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/v)
[^key-77213ce281bead3a87ea5dc7a7bc62f5]: S. 68 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-77bfe746aaf1ced4a7adc3cf598f3b4e]: [S. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-782e6008503a8b666452fe13d3888231]: [S. 31](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/31) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-78c1a789ad74a42b53a2ca650471a9ed]: Sch. 4 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-792e43a7ff6034d3fd2947b92fc14429]: S. 144 in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(2)(g)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/2/g)
@@ -9159,20 +9263,36 @@
[^key-7d5ed75ad20a17725fe24048e424bc40]: Sch. 9 para. 25 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-7de774ca525637048099703b30532c4d]: Sch. 14 para. 1 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-82049da6e998e9b037cfbffd9811b984]: S. 19 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-7de774ca525637048099703b30532c4d]: Sch. 14 para. 1 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-7f1de8625e149b6d5017f0b05131c744]: [S. 15](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/15) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-811e1d5474274919ce3013f008e51284]: [Sch. 11 para. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/2) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-82049da6e998e9b037cfbffd9811b984]: S. 19 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-826e0ca8826898788b99ad65531376d3]: Sch. 11 para. 24 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-832785b3f9f0adc9aff72687198477f1]: S. 47 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-839f9453acf5200f06271beb8dd8eba1]: S. 86 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-839f9453acf5200f06271beb8dd8eba1]: S. 86 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-848e019bada2a78c7d3b51f57aa5378c]: Sch. 10 para. 9 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-85aab3f874e3f3e24330fa1f7a37c747]: [Sch. 14 para. 3](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/14/paragraph/3) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(z)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/z)
[^key-86db3a4d593b0b25477fe689d8867867]: [S. 26](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/26) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-890f511a40709e23ba8f71c7c4187654]: [S. 24](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/24) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-89cc2abf89dbf11552b637b9a50b7ac7]: [S. 92](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/92) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(f)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/f)
[^key-8b304fdee5681d28af32d02d879869ea]: [Sch. 11 para. 26](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/26) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-8b39d2f3165d68e7c10c952c0aa44ea2]: Sch. 3 para. 28 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-8bb5a02e9ba0febabcb6cf72fa2aaf5c]: [S. 12](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/12) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-8bbc14a4ec617b1694507dad6b2149a3]: Sch. 11 para. 28 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-8beb2404e45f1a375c3ace9d6331b4db]: S. 131 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9181,6 +9301,8 @@
[^key-8ca923965f74153054fd48b16df157f2]: S. 76 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-8d5363ffb8e01f638df50490788b5588]: [S. 29](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/29) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-8ea8a604f9104d5cac22cfa7c89a57ef]: S. 139 in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(2)(g)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/2/g)
[^key-8f1d990bcb38e340e681f0341085ea6f]: Sch. 9 para. 24 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9189,9 +9311,13 @@
[^key-8f9860cc5be90e84d78d6c4b03910bef]: S. 117 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-8fb0415a00bdafc653bf2539ee96813e]: [S. 19](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/19) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-908c8b806bbb2da969886c101a170f95]: [S. 84](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/84) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(d)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/d)
[^key-910bb7f14ad478ee967fb5e8933d4f89]: Sch. 9 para. 33 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-918bfe0aabd059440a5cb0ade2ca6a63]: S. 103 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-918bfe0aabd059440a5cb0ade2ca6a63]: S. 103 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-919a781c7af84c6c04206d1245bd0adf]: Sch. 11 para. 4 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9203,7 +9329,13 @@
[^key-93ed441b513cfbf6fa4e0a2f0477a735]: S. 27 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-95bd8242ac06e94577f394970de2f666]: S. 5 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-94233fd27925546de3333838bc6ebab6]: [S. 104](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/104) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(j)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/j)
[^key-94eb112788fea8e77c439090267b3ec0]: [S. 13](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/13) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-95bd8242ac06e94577f394970de2f666]: S. 5 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-95dd2500406006f105959004eac1d5af]: [Sch. 11 para. 12](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/12) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-9624d4e866bc49f86e2669c5fb431436]: S. 138 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9215,7 +9347,9 @@
[^key-97aa062c370c884acad87a643cc9d314]: Sch. 8 para. 6 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-97b15f4f926e9dd3fe1c4e4d132babb8]: S. 133 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-97b15f4f926e9dd3fe1c4e4d132babb8]: S. 133 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-97e5e6f9c7cfb63dacae4c5916b66f16]: [Sch. 11 para. 17](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/17) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-9bd393302503f2e82388f7790cc70735]: Sch. 9 para. 29 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9223,65 +9357,105 @@
[^key-9bf709cf1b4d4790bb91c44d6a1f4b32]: S. 136 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-9c9aad11a210c684bb3f37730a0922bf]: [S. 53](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/53) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-9c9d5c35b3f4cd9d80044b80e83963d7]: [S. 6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/6) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-9e8da22e95c12fba38f1da2061dc79e0]: Sch. 11 para. 5 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-9faa29c0a8aee3f4a6260d73a42b69b8]: Sch. 7 para. 4 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-9fef2c58aee79f39835c0c57a8454fad]: S. 11 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-9effbc5d3f2f06523f398d17e37980e3]: [S. 5](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/5) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-9faa29c0a8aee3f4a6260d73a42b69b8]: Sch. 7 para. 4 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-9fef2c58aee79f39835c0c57a8454fad]: S. 11 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-9ffcd79febe09ea51c642c46e98ada0b]: S. 108 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-a076feb997215ebc83c1d6bcb8271b3a]: [S. 4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-a1139eaad68ca6fb8ead8ec8609b73b6]: Sch. 3 para. 17 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-a1b2da85ef358c3396eaf2dfb6790e8c]: [Sch. 11 para. 9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/9) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-a30bb4ee61978375c1a4088294d6a225]: [S. 97](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/97) in force at 19.8.2025, see [s. 142(3)(d)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/3/d)
[^key-a3f9badef220a6dabff7bb6dc0603908]: Sch. 6 para. 6 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-a488dce014b5fcc4430c999b1fb52d6a]: [Sch. 11 para. 19](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/19) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-a4de78d4fd1998cb0c02daa3564a726d]: Sch. 3 para. 2 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-a4e7871e95a809cd365904f76c94d53e]: Sch. 11 para. 32 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-a5b50d45df48d277763eea3d2bc92c5f]: S. 110 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-a5f36ec61ee6692a3f3dfc0fce17340a]: S. 7 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-a6c122a5210cbf54fd4954e66da51e79]: S. 9 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-a5f36ec61ee6692a3f3dfc0fce17340a]: S. 7 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-a6121b29b8412c6c67a2414b9fd9f18b]: [Sch. 11 para. 6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/6) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-a6c122a5210cbf54fd4954e66da51e79]: S. 9 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-a6e80df4ef7ca719010a3ceb87c63f11]: [Sch. 11 para. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/14) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-a6ff38d2541fdf0acf31db867e8dc059]: Sch. 9 para. 7 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-a8bbb1a980e699d687f248160b1bc9bd]: [Sch. 11 para. 11](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/11) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-aae8e862af384256b4a39b211dec96b9]: Sch. 10 para. 7 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-ab28217668eed69726862f8fe2ff7bbe]: S. 44 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-abbefb87495425149e6e0640d7373750]: S. 3 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-abbefb87495425149e6e0640d7373750]: S. 3 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-acc2a2f077fb5f33653443d2d3e66b46]: [S. 16](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/16) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-ad6b657682c873adff9aa8bda62ab87d]: S. 118 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-ad74651ac21e76f6e8588da1550cde30]: Sch. 9 para. 14 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-ae22a687652e408315c4b3c041889e8e]: [S. 43](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/43) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-ae2ef304d4e6cae9f977b0a39aa0e972]: [Sch. 11 para. 13](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/13) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-aecdd27e69ffac5f8ea0104b3cb27af4]: Sch. 9 para. 31 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-af6a299003f1a043f762b3beefa003d5]: Sch. 10 para. 8 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-af73c402fe18c9855a77d12b95cb97c5]: Sch. 3 para. 6 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-b003703ac7eac13299c77ba48ca91678]: S. 14 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-b0a23bc35044d8e199cb04392ff4da62]: S. 22 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-b003703ac7eac13299c77ba48ca91678]: S. 14 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-b051c3a4adadf16623fe68559ab21b14]: [S. 95](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/95) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(h)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/h)
[^key-b0a23bc35044d8e199cb04392ff4da62]: S. 22 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-b0d10b077971bbec523a760dcf60b5f2]: [S. 50](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/50) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-b0e1058caf77662d75668567e572d93f]: S. 123 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-b28d7cfffa0f58dc6e89bf6763ce8516]: [S. 32](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/32) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-b38706657c75f06f1c32740d61977a2e]: Sch. 10 para. 16 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-b3d90bf339f5e1729368f6034891aba2]: Sch. 7 para. 5 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-b58696af2b838b8c39a051dc53065ac7]: S. 34 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-b5eac1ed1c811bcac219e5589c31e820]: [S. 30](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/30) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-b65addc598837b116f94c3e3261708aa]: [S. 136](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/136) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(w)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/w)
[^key-b6c07c3c1de49ee6d91d6c1db8563f6f]: S. 81 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-b85bb128b9a61712c79cc08972719db5]: S. 56 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-b7de4349e24056c3cad5136733d64f82]: [S. 9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-b85bb128b9a61712c79cc08972719db5]: S. 56 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-b8810e763e664c91612e5c77033abf74]: Sch. 3 para. 3 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-ba2b95a831f8c2d67c6ba1c32df61366]: S. 16 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-b888329e5edd109714f1056752401f03]: [S. 42](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/42) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-ba2b95a831f8c2d67c6ba1c32df61366]: S. 16 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-ba67d115fc93e409627456173ec62cc7]: Sch. 11 para. 21 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9289,7 +9463,7 @@
[^key-bb4e0973d4e19867da49aef5fc11b2b7]: S. 83 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-bb55d8f68bb49d0729bb33411576be7d]: S. 10 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-bb55d8f68bb49d0729bb33411576be7d]: S. 10 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-bba9f432581e6d569c6d76e76b5703ca]: Sch. 10 para. 14 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9301,7 +9475,7 @@
[^key-bcb07169e6dcb8c53cda97571309dde3]: Sch. 6 para. 7 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-bcfeadfb5407f9fd0926f754850162c0]: S. 17 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-bcfeadfb5407f9fd0926f754850162c0]: S. 17 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-bd615d460916e7e1f89b9f79b3acc66b]: S. 79 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9311,13 +9485,15 @@
[^key-be615653ba7dafcec4b433d08c27f3b8]: Sch. 8 para. 5 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-c0e88edeed8ccd82259e40721e65ae94]: S. 74 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-c039161ae886e5782accc1567bb07050]: [S. 88](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/88) in force at 5.9.2025 by [S.I. 2025/996](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996), [reg. 2(1)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996/regulation/2/1/b) (with [reg. 4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996/regulation/4))
[^key-c0e88edeed8ccd82259e40721e65ae94]: S. 74 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-c18e800a9c8eec7b4686aed0d622a6b0]: Sch. 9 para. 20 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-c20e150c57b52cd34d3a969685f97fc5]: S. 48 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-c274c60ec5afca3561cf4abd89b570e4]: S. 124 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-c274c60ec5afca3561cf4abd89b570e4]: S. 124 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-c2f91697740ff98c36d02e301f8a2fa4]: Sch. 3 para. 8 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9329,7 +9505,11 @@
[^key-c599bd2ba7b18cf8269ac24bd01ded08]: S. 114 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-c666c7d9dd8f344a8eece1d795588b6b]: S. 63 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-c5a5d661fe71240dc6aacfba04b75736]: [S. 28](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/28) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-c5ee666a4b7cc513dcb904ddc3b6581f]: [S. 22](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/22) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-c666c7d9dd8f344a8eece1d795588b6b]: S. 63 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-c69a90a1f83602e74528e3caa364614e]: Sch. 8 para. 10 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9341,14 +9521,22 @@
[^key-cc557a3e76a8791160a8651df913ce35]: Sch. 3 para. 1 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-ccd1996dcd3f026f4c09c6a1acd2c751]: Sch. 15 para. 8 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-ccd1996dcd3f026f4c09c6a1acd2c751]: Sch. 15 para. 8 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-cd5b98712700b116834fe06106bca67b]: [Sch. 11 para. 15](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/15) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-ce77dfe5af7230ae4c39b425afc51e70]: Sch. 6 para. 11 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-d048ba5e52485b0d805eccf323ca670d]: S. 6 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-cfac575d7ad1a38e945c5834144446c0]: [S. 96](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/96) in force at 19.8.2025, see [s. 142(3)(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/3/c)
[^key-d0472b031253be5e747e390780af5a6d]: [Sch. 14 para. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/14/paragraph/1) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(z)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/z) (with [reg. 1(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/1/3))
[^key-d048ba5e52485b0d805eccf323ca670d]: S. 6 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-d2887f39acef71229374ec7439133c19]: Sch. 7 para. 7 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-d33762f92ec97a365cde99aa50a06efc]: [S. 49](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/49) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-d33c11d90ed44159c45c109d2ec82c99]: Sch. 11 para. 29 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-d49201c9560d2a005ad3b76b754a2a2b]: Sch. 10 para. 17 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9357,27 +9545,41 @@
[^key-d549dd24aa2e28f32f0a1c8c580a2728]: Sch. 9 para. 16 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-d557bcf446f4d51be8349fb1e239ad26]: [S. 89](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/89) in force at 17.11.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/996](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996), [reg. 2(2)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996/regulation/2/2/a)
[^key-d628ba7fd5d1b6f1aadde13bad602396]: Sch. 3 para. 15 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-d72696026f969e631220e93319301761]: [S. 27](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/27) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-d77830d20fc0f3acb2cec197a69b9529]: [Sch. 11 para. 16](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/16) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-d7e3f912c8be9331fabbca791eb45860]: S. 29 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-d7fd200770e326863d136566b5625227]: Sch. 7 para. 1 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-d82897211a02f3898c5a551b7d83849b]: Sch. 6 para. 5 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-d99009c352ebb1e564cc64df19d43ecd]: [S. 37](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/37) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-d99c711891ac79c0f262ca39e8faad7c]: S. 116 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-d9ac8f7c8ec9a9d6d13d28f839827012]: S. 28 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-d9ba62ed05a0c873e058cee1623c6f93]: S. 77 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-d9cb21345c8c42150f85e1c5fb8f27b3]: [Sch. 11 para. 21](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/21) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-da68c610e6f1cbe949e863d4ed27e836]: [S. 44](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/44) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-dba3c100309223f1fd7f42dd342257d7]: Sch. 9 para. 8 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-dc8e46ae69b592d1ae9e68fab6963f2f]: S. 113 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-ddd15adf14f01622c5de357ae06f0e7d]: S. 42 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-deeb594fc607c48af098a56dd677939e]: S. 72 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-dede191a8dd3d0534798e66ccd1fda70]: [S. 129](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/129) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(t)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/t)
[^key-deeb594fc607c48af098a56dd677939e]: S. 72 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-df52a6ce296fb944ed01cd52e04ceb29]: S. 99 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9397,31 +9599,43 @@
[^key-e2999885c7eca055a84d3f1216b514cf]: Sch. 11 para. 25 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-e2b3a57130a83b2c398a11d2aa743894]: [Sch. 11 para. 20](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/20) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-e38128d7cb97ec00746732dc2d19d91e]: S. 134 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-e3f5766ff1a46cdc1769218a87c7bb16]: S. 23 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-e3f5766ff1a46cdc1769218a87c7bb16]: S. 23 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-e4643a180ecb8e45294ceb9bd2007309]: Sch. 7 para. 6 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-e550a48d4766a4cdba9afff5bb6f985e]: S. 121 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-e5ed64243db26d0c00330a58dc69ad11]: [S. 36](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/36) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-e5fa7fb1a45e0b9c4cf2df4e4e557879]: Sch. 6 para. 14 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-e6bb2f7fc877f51e2f69e0ac605b64c2]: [S. 117](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/117) (except s. 117(4)(a)) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(r)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/r)
[^key-e76ea8904448bd695d16c31860973bf9]: S. 30 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-e849fc7258c5d4b5b981b4b8b7a08192]: [Sch. 11 para. 5](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/5) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-e91d0946f380ddc31c57287a48f7fedc]: S. 43 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-e92f344a9cfa21b69edb7a2f6896e1ae]: Sch. 11 para. 14 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-e93f01cc8e3c6ab6171afb206abca9cb]: Sch. 9 para. 4 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-eb3cad2e8114fe8c3d034bcf60ca664b]: [S. 109](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/109) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(n)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/n)
[^key-eb4458c7fe9c3593e560878e45753fb9]: Sch. 10 para. 21 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-ed2757a89bb0016b4a3d9645f1877803]: [S. 82](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/82) in force at 19.8.2025, see [s. 142(3)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/3/b)
[^key-ee163bff1d249a32337fb5720cec6079]: S. 129 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-ee698b5732f78cd36028c30cdfeb05b2]: Sch. 6 para. 8 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-ee6cafeb1e729c25382602f5c259aad2]: S. 70 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-ee6cafeb1e729c25382602f5c259aad2]: S. 70 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-f136ec595ef7448ebbca1ce355bea153]: Sch. 6 para. 4 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
@@ -9429,208 +9643,44 @@
[^key-f31c3e3ebbc3e08eac176238d8942812]: S. 32 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-f42f57e40ab6baf8dd505896a7032d90]: [S. 52](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/52) in force at 1.12.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-f4b5eae24dde6b9a79f700f32c6e1938]: [S. 93](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/93) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(g)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/g)
[^key-f4c29bc9e99591ecc76ff9157200179b]: [S. 54](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/54) in force at 1.12.2025 by [S.I. 2025/1213](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1213/regulation/2)
[^key-f5101ca8f8ccf071421df944e7456498]: Sch. 6 para. 15 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-f69f9200592507a0e095bcf440ff17bd]: Sch. 3 para. 10 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-f708fa9c9de8337def796a82b0669173]: S. 115 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-f708fa9c9de8337def796a82b0669173]: S. 115 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-f890ab85c23b701077eb877d506ae913]: S. 102 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-f89207bb22f7c6deb8a6cd2138bf87e4]: S. 112 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-f89207bb22f7c6deb8a6cd2138bf87e4]: S. 112 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-f893cb2ee13a72aabd6a76dd73f74348]: Sch. 3 para. 18 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-fa5fe942a395ad6b47a1bf4d2bd72bb2]: S. 91 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-fadb9dded1fd18a8254375b16d865a95]: [S. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-fb4a78b8c4169afe3138e1e30c3cfda2]: Sch. 3 para. 5 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-fca16685b247fdd723d7f49b44dc636d]: Sch. 7 para. 2 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-fe77e31a2d8562fb4174049d8d668e8c]: S. 37 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-fe8ca8aa7bcdb47c92826502852b3c23]: S. 18 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1/2)(h)
[^key-fe8ca8aa7bcdb47c92826502852b3c23]: S. 18 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see [s. 142(1)(2)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)(h)
[^key-ff08d42eca5f76bcaa7f93764ac0ff37]: Sch. 11 para. 31 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-ff9e1dbdd3b366baf4a350c58c249b40]: [S. 113](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/113) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(q)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/q)
[^key-ffc7ce568d642b883bd208394bab1aa7]: Sch. 3 para. 21 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^M_I_376764c6-f382-4b38-ce03-9967f137a7b7]: S. 24 not in force at Royal Assent, see [s. 142(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/1)
[^key-63a14e2be78bbe039cd85d79758f7ecd]: [S. 69](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/69) in force at 19.8.2025, see [s. 142(3)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/3/a)
[^key-ed2757a89bb0016b4a3d9645f1877803]: [S. 82](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/82) in force at 19.8.2025, see [s. 142(3)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/3/b)
[^key-cfac575d7ad1a38e945c5834144446c0]: [S. 96](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/96) in force at 19.8.2025, see [s. 142(3)(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/3/c)
[^key-a30bb4ee61978375c1a4088294d6a225]: [S. 97](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/97) in force at 19.8.2025, see [s. 142(3)(d)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/142/3/d)
[^key-4e4ed9ce42cb315d1e0f626685011750]: [S. 72(1)(2)(4)-(6)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/72/1/2/4)(8) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/b)
[^key-59b451ddfff7bb764175c4714f7392ab]: [S. 17](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/17) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-8fb0415a00bdafc653bf2539ee96813e]: [S. 19](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/19) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-890f511a40709e23ba8f71c7c4187654]: [S. 24](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/24) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-89cc2abf89dbf11552b637b9a50b7ac7]: [S. 92](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/92) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(f)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/f)
[^key-5c82f1517d9de7812af9e63ed1595cdc]: [S. 74](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/74) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/c)
[^key-1a20ac2d78c55a7513828de9a448698e]: [S. 107](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/107) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(l)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/l)
[^key-811e1d5474274919ce3013f008e51284]: [Sch. 11 para. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/2) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-699f05fe19260748d445fa755895c980]: [Sch. 11 para. 3](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/3) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-05b05c8aab6682238b91af72d380acb0]: [Sch. 11 para. 4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/4) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-e849fc7258c5d4b5b981b4b8b7a08192]: [Sch. 11 para. 5](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/5) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-a6121b29b8412c6c67a2414b9fd9f18b]: [Sch. 11 para. 6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/6) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-3be20c61a816866af0a4e254062122cd]: [Sch. 11 para. 7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/7) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-55cf36ee7ae340f2b04ee669a9444e83]: [Sch. 11 para. 8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/8) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-a1b2da85ef358c3396eaf2dfb6790e8c]: [Sch. 11 para. 9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/9) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-3c52865447137639654245d6b6328cfc]: [Sch. 11 para. 10](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/10) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-a8bbb1a980e699d687f248160b1bc9bd]: [Sch. 11 para. 11](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/11) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-95dd2500406006f105959004eac1d5af]: [Sch. 11 para. 12](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/12) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-4950e6df2ecb4aaf62b2b2eb9d9466e8]: [S. 72(7)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/72/7) in force at 20.8.2025 for specified purposes by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/b)
[^key-908c8b806bbb2da969886c101a170f95]: [S. 84](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/84) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(d)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/d)
[^key-75b0b0cc2ae8edfa81c5ffa5a794a79f]: [S. 91](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/91) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(e)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/e)
[^key-b051c3a4adadf16623fe68559ab21b14]: [S. 95](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/95) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(h)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/h)
[^key-46c122ac7c708126f90c0d82332f0509]: [S. 102](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/102) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(i)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/i)
[^key-94233fd27925546de3333838bc6ebab6]: [S. 104](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/104) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(j)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/j)
[^key-50ffb1a3579043e19c552cf176811d3d]: [S. 106](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/106) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(k)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/k)
[^key-e6bb2f7fc877f51e2f69e0ac605b64c2]: [S. 117](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/117) (except s. 117(4)(a)) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(r)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/r)
[^key-a6e80df4ef7ca719010a3ceb87c63f11]: [Sch. 11 para. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/14) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-cd5b98712700b116834fe06106bca67b]: [Sch. 11 para. 15](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/15) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-d77830d20fc0f3acb2cec197a69b9529]: [Sch. 11 para. 16](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/16) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-97e5e6f9c7cfb63dacae4c5916b66f16]: [Sch. 11 para. 17](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/17) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-5eb6386997aa3d2ecac6c7d5627275d3]: [Sch. 11 para. 18](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/18) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-a488dce014b5fcc4430c999b1fb52d6a]: [Sch. 11 para. 19](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/19) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-e2b3a57130a83b2c398a11d2aa743894]: [Sch. 11 para. 20](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/20) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-d9cb21345c8c42150f85e1c5fb8f27b3]: [Sch. 11 para. 21](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/21) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-5269ac813c9b98f1aaedf25736d517c7]: [Sch. 11 para. 24](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/24) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-8b304fdee5681d28af32d02d879869ea]: [Sch. 11 para. 26](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/26) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-34659b6933562c6f1afd2a6dfbf111cd]: [Sch. 11 para. 27](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/27) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-d0472b031253be5e747e390780af5a6d]: [Sch. 14 para. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/14/paragraph/1) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(z)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/z) (with [reg. 1(3)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/1/3))
[^key-4ec5b0b651d1a6d5412ce6117e7c9803]: [Sch. 14 para. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/14/paragraph/2) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(z)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/z)
[^key-85aab3f874e3f3e24330fa1f7a37c747]: [Sch. 14 para. 3](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/14/paragraph/3) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(z)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/z)
[^key-f4b5eae24dde6b9a79f700f32c6e1938]: [S. 93](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/93) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(g)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/g)
[^key-0e813a3a3fc7318315ebf8773148bb5e]: [S. 134](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/134) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(u)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/u)
[^key-5fc8b63f543a16a1a333a0a3060fe41c]: [S. 110(1)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/110/1)[(2)(c)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/110/2/c)[(4)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/110/4)[(5)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/110/5) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(o)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/o)
[^key-59d8f2723813dfdb784ca5f39caeba42]: [S. 111](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/111) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(p)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/p)
[^key-ff9e1dbdd3b366baf4a350c58c249b40]: [S. 113](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/113) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(q)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/q)
[^key-222fc9a984603a5d0751ab9fd81ddbc9]: [S. 125](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/125) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(s)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/s)
[^key-36d7028bfc8e0aee76a1c1c9f42748ed]: [S. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/1) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-fadb9dded1fd18a8254375b16d865a95]: [S. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/2) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-015594f0a81a5209c8305f8ab05a21e4]: [S. 3](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/3) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-a076feb997215ebc83c1d6bcb8271b3a]: [S. 4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/4) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-9effbc5d3f2f06523f398d17e37980e3]: [S. 5](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/5) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-9c9d5c35b3f4cd9d80044b80e83963d7]: [S. 6](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/6) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-49a5eaca435bbfe059b79b4905862c70]: [S. 7](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/7) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-25bf1ae21281dbe43a647f5b3c53bdf3]: [S. 8](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/8) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-b7de4349e24056c3cad5136733d64f82]: [S. 9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/9) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-3c29638c99b7109c735d6b9d75a5ef9c]: [S. 10](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/10) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-246cda4ec3b44f450865bd89a711d806]: [S. 11](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/11) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-8bb5a02e9ba0febabcb6cf72fa2aaf5c]: [S. 12](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/12) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-94eb112788fea8e77c439090267b3ec0]: [S. 13](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/13) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-77bfe746aaf1ced4a7adc3cf598f3b4e]: [S. 14](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/14) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-7f1de8625e149b6d5017f0b05131c744]: [S. 15](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/15) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-acc2a2f077fb5f33653443d2d3e66b46]: [S. 16](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/16) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-47b1c00c2bdf6d6c40119fa45b9a22b5]: [S. 18](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/18) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-52a39f65a485c66ad65bc267a9753564]: [S. 20](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/20) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-2ca64090340b3f4d4ef52e3f19683f03]: [S. 21](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/21) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-c5ee666a4b7cc513dcb904ddc3b6581f]: [S. 22](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/22) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-22c6c15c72dd8e45ace8b0575ee5316e]: [S. 23](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/23) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-01dda67d9f6f2ef9ff115617a130104e]: [S. 25](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/25) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-86db3a4d593b0b25477fe689d8867867]: [S. 26](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/26) in force at 20.8.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/a)
[^key-3f58f5cddb5c9120c990c458e32a02a4]: [S. 108](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/108) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(m)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/m)
[^key-eb3cad2e8114fe8c3d034bcf60ca664b]: [S. 109](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/109) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(n)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/n)
[^key-dede191a8dd3d0534798e66ccd1fda70]: [S. 129](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/129) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(t)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/t)
[^key-76db00fdcee52f16a182e85f28ddce01]: [S. 135](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/135) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(v)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/v)
[^key-b65addc598837b116f94c3e3261708aa]: [S. 136](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/136) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(w)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/w)
[^key-703bae07e66305e71a0beffee0f43f08]: [S. 137](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/137) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(x)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/x)
[^key-744a9ea0b58b58e122acd58d7f380c33]: [Sch. 11 para. 1](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/1) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-ae2ef304d4e6cae9f977b0a39aa0e972]: [Sch. 11 para. 13](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/11/paragraph/13) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(y)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/y)
[^key-383ac868e7f31ffc785f8d7cf01e5e87]: [Sch. 14 para. 4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/14/paragraph/4) in force at 20.8.2025 by [S.I. 2025/904](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904), [reg. 2(z)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/regulation/2/z)
[^key-351a270a57ffa9b28da1cbf03d42d268]: [S. 79](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/79) in force at 5.9.2025 by [S.I. 2025/996](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996), [reg. 2(1)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996/regulation/2/1/a) (with [reg. 3](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996/regulation/3))
[^key-c039161ae886e5782accc1567bb07050]: [S. 88](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/88) in force at 5.9.2025 by [S.I. 2025/996](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996), [reg. 2(1)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996/regulation/2/1/b) (with [reg. 4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996/regulation/4))
[^key-19eedac5989e030312e6dd22c77a756c]: [S. 124](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/124) in force at 30.9.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/982](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/982), [reg. 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/982/regulation/2)
[^key-d557bcf446f4d51be8349fb1e239ad26]: [S. 89](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/89) in force at 17.11.2025 in so far as not already in force by [S.I. 2025/996](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996), [reg. 2(2)(a)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996/regulation/2/2/a)
[^key-024d5fbcb53dd74c669c532a9a90962d]: [S. 90](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/section/90) in force at 17.11.2025 by [S.I. 2025/996](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996), [reg. 2(2)(b)](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/996/regulation/2/2/b)
#### The 2018 Act
In the PEC Regulations, before Schedule 1 insert—
@@ -9650,3 +9700,101 @@
#### Electricity Act 1989
#### Electricity and Gas (Competitive Tenders for Smart Meter Communication Licences) Regulations 2012
#### Customer data and business data
#### Introductory
#### Powers relating to verification of identity or status
#### Information in relation to apparatus: England and Wales
#### Information in relation to apparatus: Northern Ireland
In the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991, after Schedule 5 insert—
In the Street Works (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ([S.I. 1995/3210 (N.I. 19))](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1995/3210), after Schedule 2 insert—
#### Registration Service Act 1953
#### Public Records Act 1958
#### Social Security Administration Act 1992
#### Education Act 1996
#### Adoption and Children Act 2002
#### Gender Recognition Act 2004
#### Presumption of Death Act 2013
In the UK GDPR, at the end insert—
In the UK GDPR, after Annex 1 (inserted by [Schedule 4](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/schedule/4/2025-12-01) to this Act) insert—
#### The UK GDPR
#### The 2018 Act
#### Introduction
#### Introduction
#### Overview and interpretation
#### General principles for transfer
#### Transfers approved by regulations
#### Transfers approved by regulations: monitoring
#### Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards
#### Transfers based on special circumstances
#### Transfers to particular recipients
#### Subsequent transfers
#### The UK GDPR
#### The 2018 Act
#### The UK GDPR: transfers approved by regulations
#### The UK GDPR: transfers subject to appropriate safeguards
#### The UK GDPR: transfers subject to appropriate safeguards provided by standard data protection clauses
#### The UK GDPR: transfers necessary for important reasons of public interest
#### The UK GDPR: restrictions on transfers of personal data to third countries and international organisations
#### Part 3 of the 2018 Act (law enforcement processing): transfers approved by regulations
#### Part 3 of the 2018 Act (law enforcement processing): transfers subject to appropriate safeguards
#### The UK GDPR
#### The 2018 Act
#### The UK GDPR
In the PEC Regulations, before Schedule 1 insert—
This is the Schedule to be substituted for Schedule 1 to the PEC Regulations—
#### Schedule 12A to the Data Protection Act 2018
#### Transitional provision: first chair
#### Transitional provision: consultation about non-executive members
#### Transitional provision: consultation about interim chief executive
#### Gas Act 1986
#### Electricity Act 1989
#### Electricity and Gas (Competitive Tenders for Smart Meter Communication Licences) Regulations 2012
2025-11-17
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
2025-09-30
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
2025-09-05
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
2025-08-20
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
2025-08-19
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
2025-06-19
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
original version
Text at this date