The Air Navigation Order 2005

• (1) In every flying machine which is provided with means for maintaining a pressure greater than 700 hectopascals throughout the flight in the flight crew compartment and in the compartments in which the passengers are carried—

• (a) a supply of oxygen sufficient, in the event of failure to maintain such pressure, occurring in the circumstances specified in columns 1 and 2 of the Table set out in Part II, for continuous use, during the periods specified in column 3 of the said Table, by the persons for whom oxygen is to be provided in accordance with column 4 of that Table; and

• (b) in addition, in every case where the flying machine flies above flight level 350, a supply of oxygen in a portable container sufficient for the simultaneous first aid treatment of 2 passengers;

together with suitable and sufficient apparatus to enable such persons to use the oxygen.

• (2) In any other flying machine—

• (a) a supply of oxygen sufficient for continuous use by all the crew other than the flight crew, and if passengers are carried, by 10% of the number of passengers, for any period exceeding 30 minutes during which the flying machine flies above flight level 100 but not above flight level 130 and the flight crew shall be supplied with oxygen sufficient for continuous use for any period during which the flying machine flies above flight level 100; and

• (b) a supply of oxygen sufficient for continuous use by all persons on board for the whole time during which the flying machine flies above flight level 130;

together with suitable and sufficient apparatus to enable such persons to use the oxygen.

• (3) The quantity of oxygen required for the purpose of complying with paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Part shall be computed in accordance with the information and instructions relating thereto specified in the operations manual relating to the aircraft under paragraph 1(f) of Part A of Schedule 9.

Part II

Scale L2

• (1) A supply of oxygen and the associated equipment to meet the requirements set out in Part I in the case of unpressurised aircraft and Part II in the case of pressurised aircraft.

• (2) The duration for the purposes of this Scale shall be whichever is the greater of—

• (a) that calculated in accordance with the operations manual prior to the commencement of the flight, being the period or periods which it is reasonably anticipated that the aircraft will be flown in the circumstances of the intended flight at a height where the said requirements apply and in calculating the said duration account shall be taken of—

• (i) in the case of pressurised aircraft, the possibility of depressurisation when flying above flight level 100;

• (ii) the possibility of failure of one or more of the aircraft engines;

• (iii) restrictions due to required minimum safe altitude;

• (iv) fuel requirement; and

• (v) the performance of the aircraft; or

• (b) the period or periods during which the aircraft is actually flown in the circumstances specified in the said Parts.

Part I

Unpressurised aircraft

• (1) When flying at or below flight level 100—

Nil.

• (2) When flying above flight level 100 but not exceeding flight level 120—

Supply for	Duration
aMembers of the flight crew	Any period during which the aircraft flies above flight level 100
bMembers of the cabin crew and 10% of passengers	For any continuous period exceeding 30 minutes during which the aircraft flies above flight level 100 but not exceeding flight level 120, the duration shall be the period by which 30 minutes is exceeded

• (3) When flying above flight level 120—

Supply for	Duration
aMembers of the flight crew	Any period during which the aircraft flies above flight level 120
bMembers of the cabin crew and all passengers	Any period during which the aircraft flies above flight level 120

Part II

Pressurised aircraft

• (1) When flying at or below flight level 100—

Nil.

• (2) When flying above flight level 100 but not exceeding flight level 250—

Supply for	Duration
aMembers of the flight crew	30 minutes or whenever the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 10,000 ft, whichever is the greater
bMembers of the cabin crew and 10% of passengers	iWhen the aircraft is capable of descending and continuing to its destination as specified at A hereunder, 30 minutes or whenever the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 10,000 ft, whichever is the greateriiWhen the aircraft is not so capable, whenever the cabin pressure altitude is greater than 10,000 ft but does not exceed 12,000 ft
cMembers of the cabin crew and all passengers	iWhen the aircraft is capable of descending and continuing to its destination as specified at A hereunder, no requirement other than that at (2)(b)(aa) of this Part of this ScaleiiWhen the aircraft is not so capable and the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 12,000 ft, the duration shall be the period when the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 12,000 ft or 10 minutes, whichever is the greater

• (3) When flying above flight level 250—

Supply for	Duration
aMembers of the flight crew	2 hours or whenever the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 10,000 ft, whichever is the greater
bMembers of the cabin crew	Whenever the cabin pressure altitude exceeds10,000 ft, and a portable supply for 15 minutes
c10% of passengers	Whenever the cabin pressure altitude exceeds10,000 ft but does not exceed 12,000 ft
d30% of passengers	Whenever the cabin pressure altitude exceeds12,000 ft but does not exceed 15,000 ft
eAll passengers	If the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 15,000 ft, the duration shall be the period when the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 15,000 ft or 10 minutes, whichever is the greater
f2% of passengers or 2 passengers, whichever is the greater, being a supply of first aid oxygen which must be available for simultaneous first aid treatment of 2% or 2 passengers wherever they are seated in the aircraft	Whenever, after decompression, the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 8,000 ft

Scale M

Equipment to prevent the impairment through ice formation of the functioning of the controls, means of propulsion, lifting surfaces, windows or equipment of the aircraft so as to endanger the safety of the aircraft.

Scale N

An intercommunication system for use by all members of the flight crew and including microphones, not of a hand-held type, for use by the pilot and flight engineer (if any).

Scale O

• (1) Subject to paragraph (2), a radar set capable of giving warning to the pilot in command of the aircraft and to the co-pilot of the presence of cumulo-nimbus clouds and other potentially hazardous weather conditions.

• (2) A flight may commence if the set is unserviceable or continue if the set becomes unserviceable thereafter—

• (a) so as to give the warning only to one pilot, so long as the aircraft is flying only to the place at which it first becomes reasonably practicable for the set to be repaired; or

• (b) when the weather report or forecasts available to the commander of the aircraft indicate that cumulo-nimbus clouds or other potentially hazardous weather conditions, which can be detected by the set when in working order, are unlikely to be encountered on the intended route or any planned diversion therefrom or the commander has satisfied himself that any such weather conditions will be encountered in daylight and can be seen and avoided, and the aircraft is in either case operated throughout the flight in accordance with any relevant instructions given in the operations manual.

Scale P

• (1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (5), a flight data recorder which is capable of recording, by reference to a time-scale, the following data—

• (a) indicated airspeed;

• (b) indicated altitude;

• (c) vertical acceleration;

• (d) magnetic heading;

• (e) pitch attitude, if the equipment provided in the aeroplane is of such a nature as to enable this item to be recorded;

• (f) engine power, if the equipment provided in the aeroplane is of such a nature as to enable this item to be recorded;

• (g) flap position;

• (h) roll attitude, if the equipment provided in the aeroplane is of such a nature as to enable this item to be recorded.

• (2) Subject to paragraph (5), any aeroplane having a maximum total weight authorised not exceeding 11,400 kg may be provided with—

• (a) a flight data recorder capable of recording the data described in paragraph (1)(a) to (1)(h); or

• (b) a 4 channel cockpit voice recorder.

• (3) Subject to paragraph (5), in addition, on all flights by turbine-powered aeroplanes having a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 11,400 kg, a 4 channel cockpit voice recorder.

• (4) The flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder referred to above shall be so constructed that the record would be likely to be preserved in the event of an accident to the aeroplane.

• (5) An aeroplane shall not be required to carry the said equipment if, before take off, the equipment is found to be unserviceable and the aircraft flies in accordance with arrangements approved by the CAA.

Scale Q

If the maximum total weight authorised of the aeroplane exceeds 5,700 kg and it was first registered, whether in the United Kingdom or elsewhere, on or after 1st June 1965, a door between the flight crew compartment and any adjacent compartment to which passengers have access, which door shall be fitted with a lock or bolt capable of being worked from the flight crew compartment.

Scale R

• (1) In respect of—

• (a) aeroplanes having a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 5,700 kg, equipment sufficient to protect the eyes, nose and mouth of all members of the flight crew required to be carried by virtue of article 25 for a period of not less than 15 minutes and, in addition, where the minimum flight crew required as aforesaid is more than one and a member of the cabin crew is not required to be carried by virtue of article 25, portable equipment sufficient to protect the eyes, nose and mouth of one member of the flight crew for a period of not less than 15 minutes;

• (b) aeroplanes having a maximum total weight authorised not exceeding 5,700 kg, either the equipment specified in sub-paragraph (1)(a) or, in the case of such aeroplanes restricted by virtue of the operator's operations manual to flight at or below flight level 250 and capable of descending as specified at paragraph (4) such equipment sufficient to protect the eyes only.

• (2) In respect of—

• (a) aeroplanes having a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 5,700 kg, portable equipment to protect the eyes, nose and mouth of all members of the cabin crew required to be carried by virtue of article 25 for a period of not less than 15 minutes;

• (b) aeroplanes having a maximum total weight authorised not exceeding 5,700 kg, subject to paragraph (3), the equipment specified in sub-paragraph (2)(a).

• (3) Sub-paragraph (2)(b) shall not apply to such aeroplanes restricted by virtue of the operator's operations manual to flight at or below flight level 250 and capable of descending as specified at paragraph (4).

• (4) The aeroplane is capable of descending in accordance with the emergency descent procedure specified in the relevant flight manual and without flying below the minimum altitudes for safe flight specified in the operations manual relating to the aeroplane, to flight level 100 within 4 minutes and of continuing at or below that flight level to its place of intended destination or any other place at which a safe landing can be made.

Scale S

• (1) Subject to paragraphs (7) and (8), either a 4 channel cockpit voice recorder or a flight data recorder capable of recording by reference to a time scale the data required to determine the following matters accurately in respect of the aeroplane: the flight path, attitude and the basic lift, thrust and drag forces acting upon it.

• (2) Subject to paragraphs (7) and (8), a 4 channel cockpit voice recorder and a flight data recorder capable of recording by reference to a time scale the data required to determine the following matters accurately in respect of the aeroplane: the information specified in paragraph (1) together with use of VHF transmitters.

• (3) Subject to paragraphs (7) and (8), a 4 channel cockpit voice recorder and a flight data recorder capable of recording by reference to a time scale the data required to determine the following matters accurately in respect of the aeroplane: the flight path, attitude, the basic lift, thrust and drag forces acting upon it, the selection of high lift devices (if any) and airbrakes (if any), the position of primary flying control and pitch trim surfaces, outside air temperature, instrument landing deviations, use of automatic flight control systems, use of VHF transmitters, radio altitude (if any), the level or availability of essential AC electricity supply and cockpit warnings relating to engine fire and engine shut-down, cabin pressurisation, presence of smoke and hydraulic/pneumatic power supply.

• (4) Subject to paragraphs (7) and (8), either a cockpit voice recorder and a flight data recorder or a combined cockpit voice recorder/flight data recorder capable in either case of recording by reference to a time scale the data required to determine the following matters accurately in respect of the aeroplane—

• (a) the flight path;

• (b) speed;

• (c) attitude;

• (d) engine power;

• (e) outside air temperature;

• (f) configuration of lift and drag devices;

• (g) use of VHF transmitters; and

• (h) use of automatic flight control systems.

• (5) Subject to paragraphs (7) and (8), a cockpit voice recorder and a flight data recorder capable of recording by reference to a time scale the data required to determine the following matters accurately in respect of the aeroplane—

• (a) the flight path;

• (b) speed;

• (c) attitude;

• (d) engine power;

• (e) outside air temperature;

• (f) configuration of lift and drag devices;

• (g) use of VHF transmitters; and

• (h) use of automatic flight control systems.

• (6) Subject to paragraphs (7) and (8), a cockpit voice recorder and a flight data recorder capable of recording by reference to a time scale the data required to determine the following matters accurately in respect of the aeroplane—

• (a) the flight path;

• (b) speed;

• (c) attitude;

• (d) engine power;

• (e) outside air temperature;

• (f) instrument landing system deviations;

• (g) marker beacon passage;

• (h) radio altitude;

• (i) configuration of the landing gear and lift and drag devices;

• (j) position of primary flying controls;

• (k) pitch trim position;

• (l) use of automatic flight control systems;

• (m) use of VHF transmitters;

• (n) ground speed/drift angle or latitude/longitude if the navigational equipment provided in the aeroplane is of such a nature as to enable this information to be recorded with reasonable practicability;

• (o) cockpit warnings relating to ground proximity; and

• (p) the master warning system.

• (7) An aircraft shall not be required to carry the equipment specified in paragraphs (1) to (6) if, before take-off, the equipment is found to be unserviceable and the aircraft flies in accordance with arrangements approved by the CAA.

• (8) The cockpit voice recorder or flight data recorder or combined cockpit voice recorder/flight data recorder, as the case may be, shall be so constructed that the record would be likely to be preserved in the event of an accident.

Scale SS

• (1) Subject to paragraphs (4) and (5), a 4 channel cockpit voice recorder capable of recording and retaining the data recorded during at least the last 30 minutes of its operation and a flight data recorder capable of recording and retaining the data recorded during at least the last 8 hours of its operation being the data required to determine by reference to a time scale the following matters accurately in respect of the helicopter or gyroplane—

• (a) flight path;

• (b) speed;

• (c) attitude;

• (d) engine power;

• (e) main rotor speed;

• (f) outside air temperature;

• (g) position of pilot's primary flight controls;

• (h) use of VHF transmitters;

• (i) use of automatic flight controls (if any);

• (j) use of stability augmentation system (if any);

• (k) cockpit warnings relating to the master warning system; and

• (l) selection of hydraulic system and cockpit warnings of failure of essential hydraulic systems.

• (2) Subject to paragraphs (4) and (5), a 4 channel cockpit voice recorder capable of recording and retaining the data recorded during at least the last 30 minutes of its operation and a flight data recorder capable of recording and retaining the data recorded during at least the last 8 hours of its operation being the data required to determine by reference to a time scale the information specified in paragraph (1) together with the following matters accurately in respect of the helicopter or gyroplane—

• (a) landing gear configuration;

• (b) indicated sling load force if an indicator is provided in the helicopter or gyroplane of such a nature as to enable this information to be recorded with reasonable practicability;

• (c) radio altitude;

• (d) instrument landing system deviations;

• (e) marker beacon passage;

• (f) ground speed/drift angle or latitude/longitude if the navigational equipment provided in the helicopter or gyroplane is of such a nature as to enable this information to be recorded with reasonable practicability; and

• (g) main gear box oil temperature and pressure.

• (3) Subject to paragraphs (4) and (5)—

• (a) a combined cockpit voice recorder/flight data recorder which meets the following requirements—

• (i) in the case of a helicopter or gyroplane which is otherwise required to carry a flight data recorder specified at paragraph (1) the flight data recorder shall be capable of recording the data specified therein and retaining it for the duration therein specified;

• (ii) in the case of a helicopter or gyroplane which is otherwise required to carry a flight data recorder specified at paragraph (2) the flight data recorder shall be capable of recording the data specified therein and retaining it for the duration therein specified;

• (iii) the cockpit voice recorder shall be capable of recording and retaining at least the last hour of cockpit voice recording information on not less than three separate channels;

• (b) in any case when a combined cockpit voice recorder/flight data recorder specified at paragraph (3)(a) is required to be carried by or under this Order, the flight data recorder shall be capable of retaining—

• (i) as protected data the data recorded during at least the last 5 hours of its operation or the maximum duration of the flight, whichever is the greater; and

• (ii) additional data as unprotected data for a period which together with the period for which protected data is required to be retained amounts to a total of 8 hours; provided that the flight data recorder need not be capable of retaining the said additional data if additional data is retained which relates to the period immediately preceding the period to which the required protected data relates or for such other period or periods as the CAA may permit under article 62 and the additional data is retained in accordance with arrangements approved by the CAA.

• (4) A helicopter or gyroplane shall not be required to carry the equipment specified in paragraphs (1) to (3) if, before take-off, the equipment is found to be unserviceable and the aircraft flies in accordance with arrangements approved by the CAA.

• (5) With the exception of flight data which it is expressly stated above may be unprotected, the cockpit voice recorder, flight data recorder or combined cockpit voice recorder/flight data recorder, as the case may be, shall be so constructed and installed that the record (herein referred to as “protected data”) would be likely to be preserved in the event of an accident and each cockpit voice recorder, flight data recorder or combined cockpit voice recorder/flight data recorder required to be carried on the helicopter or gyroplane shall have attached an automatically activated underwater sonar location device or an emergency locator radio transmitter.

Scale T

An underwater sonar location device except in respect of those helicopters or gyroplanes which are required to carry equipment in accordance with Scale SS.

Scale U

• (1) 1 survival beacon radio apparatus.

• (2) Marine type pyrotechnical distress signals.

• (3) For each 4 or proportion of 4 persons on board, 100 grammes of glucose toffee tablets.

• (4) For each 4 or proportion of 4 persons on board, 1/2 litre of fresh water in durable containers.

• (5) First aid equipment.

Scale V

• (1) 1 survival beacon radio apparatus.

• (2) Marine type pyrotechnical distress signals.

• (3) For each 4 or proportion of 4 persons on board, 100 grammes of glucose toffee tablets.

• (4) For each 4 or proportion of 4 persons on board, 1/2 litre of fresh water in durable containers.

• (5) First aid equipment.

• (6) For every 75 or proportion of 75 persons on board, 1 stove suitable for use with aircraft fuel.

• (7) 1 cooking utensil, in which snow or ice can be melted.

• (8) 2 snow shovels.

• (9) 2 ice saws.

• (10) Single or multiple sleeping-bags, sufficient for the use of one-third of all persons on board.

• (11) 1 arctic suit for each member of the crew of the aircraft.

Scale W

• (1) Subject to paragraph (2), cosmic radiation detection equipment calibrated in millirems per hour and capable of indicating the action and alert levels of radiation dose rate.

• (2) An aircraft shall not be required to carry the said equipment if before take-off the equipment is found to be unserviceable and it is not reasonably practicable to repair or replace it at the aerodrome of departure and the radiation forecast available to the commander of the aircraft indicates that hazardous radiation conditions are unlikely to be encountered by the aircraft on its intended route or any planned diversion therefrom.

Scale X

• (1) Subject to paragraph (3), a Terrain Awareness and Warning System known as Class A, being equipment capable of giving warning to the pilot of the potentially hazardous proximity of ground or water, including excessive closure rate to terrain, flight into terrain when not in landing configuration, excessive downward deviation from an instrument landing system glideslope, a predictive terrain hazard warning function and a visual display.

• (2) Subject to paragraph (3), a Terrain Awareness and Warning System known as Class B, being equipment capable of giving warning to the pilot of the potentially hazardous proximity of ground or water, including a predictive terrain hazard warning function.

• (3) If the equipment becomes unserviceable, the aircraft may fly or continue to fly until it first lands at a place at which it is reasonably practicable for the equipment to be repaired or replaced.

Scale Y

• (1) If the aircraft may in accordance with its certificate of airworthiness carry more than 19 and less than 100 passengers, one portable battery-powered megaphone capable of conveying instructions to all persons in the passenger compartment and readily available for use by a member of the crew.

• (2) If the aircraft may in accordance with its certificate of airworthiness carry more than 99 and less than 200 passengers, 2 portable battery-powered megaphones together capable of conveying instructions to all persons in the passenger compartment and each readily available for use by a member of the crew.

• (3) If the aircraft may in accordance with its certificate of airworthiness carry more than 199 passengers, 3 portable battery-powered megaphones together capable of conveying instructions to all persons in the passenger compartment and each readily available for use by a member of the crew.

• (4) If the aircraft may in accordance with its certificate of airworthiness carry more than 19 passengers—

• (a) a public address system; and

• (b) an interphone system of communication between members of the flight crew and the cabin crew.

Scale Z

• (1) An emergency lighting system to provide illumination in the passenger compartment sufficient to facilitate the evacuation of the aircraft notwithstanding the failure of the lighting systems specified in paragraph (2) of Scale G.

• (2) An emergency lighting system to provide illumination outside the aircraft sufficient to facilitate the evacuation of the aircraft.

• (3) An emergency floor path lighting system in the passenger compartment sufficient to facilitate the evacuation of the aircraft notwithstanding the failure of the lighting systems specified in paragraph (2) of Scale G; provided that if the equipment becomes unserviceable the aircraft may fly or continue to fly in accordance with arrangements approved by the CAA.

1

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Scale A

Radio communication equipment capable of maintaining direct two-way communication with the appropriate aeronautical radio stations.

Scale B

Radio navigation equipment capable of enabling the aircraft to be navigated on the intended route including such equipment as may be prescribed.

Scale C

Radio communication equipment capable of receiving from the appropriate aeronautical radio stations meteorological broadcasts relevant to the intended flight.

Scale D

Radio navigation equipment capable of receiving signals from one or more aeronautical radio stations on the surface to enable the aircraft to be guided to a point from which a visual landing can be made at the aerodrome at which the aircraft is to land.

Scale E1

Secondary surveillance radar equipment which includes a pressure altitude reporting transponder capable of operating in Mode A and Mode C and is capable of being operated in accordance with such instructions as may be given to the aircraft by the air traffic control unit.

Scale E2

Secondary surveillance radar equipment which includes a pressure altitude reporting transponder capable of operating in Mode A and Mode C and has the capability and functionality prescribed for Mode S Elementary Surveillance and is capable of being operated in accordance with such instructions as may be given to the aircraft by the air traffic control unit.

Scale E3

Secondary surveillance radar equipment which includes a pressure altitude reporting transponder capable of operating in Mode A and Mode C and has the capability and functionality prescribed for Mode S Enhanced Surveillance and is capable of being operated in accordance with such instructions as may be given to the aircraft by the air traffic control unit.

Scale EE

The aircraft shall, in the circumstances specified in paragraph 2.1.5.3 of Volume IV (Third Edition July 2002) of Annex 10 to the Chicago Convention, comply with the requirements for antenna diversity set out in that paragraph.

Scale F

Radio communication and radio navigation equipment capable of enabling the aircraft to be navigated along the intended route including—

• (a) automatic direction finding equipment;

• (b) distance measuring equipment; and

• (c) VHF omni-range equipment.

Scale G

Radio navigation equipment capable of enabling the aircraft to make an approach to landing using the Instrument Landing System.

Scale H

• (1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), radio navigation equipment capable of enabling the aircraft to be navigated on the intended route including—

• (a) automatic direction finding equipment;

• (b) distance measuring equipment;

• (c) duplicated VHF omni-range equipment; and

• (d) a 75 MHz marker beacon receiver.

• (2) An aircraft may fly notwithstanding that it does not carry the equipment specified in this Scale if it carries alternative radio navigation equipment or navigational equipment approved in accordance with article 19(9).

• (3) Where not more than one item of equipment specified in this Scale is unserviceable when the aircraft is about to begin a flight, the aircraft may nevertheless take off on that flight if—

• (a) it is not reasonably practicable for the repair or replacement of that item to be carried out before the beginning of the flight;

• (b) the aircraft has not made more than one flight since the item was last serviceable; and

• (c) the commander of the aircraft has satisfied himself that, taking into account the latest information available as to the route and aerodrome to be used (including any planned diversion) and the weather conditions likely to be encountered, the flight can be made safely and in accordance with any relevant requirements of the appropriate air traffic control unit.

Scale J

An airborne collision avoidance system.

The following areas are hereby specified for the purposes of article 25(9)—

Area A—Arctic

All that area north of latitude 68° north, but excluding any part within the area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points—

68°	north	latitude	00°	east/west	longitude
73°	north	latitude	15°	east	longitude
73°	north	latitude	30°	east	longitude
68°	north	latitude	45°	east	longitude
68°	north	latitude	00°	east/west	longitude

Area B—Antarctic

All that area south of latitude 55° south.

Area C—Sahara

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points—

30°	north	latitude	05°	west	longitude
24°	north	latitude	11°	west	longitude
14°	north	latitude	11°	west	longitude
14°	north	latitude	28°	east	longitude
24°	north	latitude	28°	east	longitude
28°	north	latitude	23°	east	longitude
30°	north	latitude	15°	east	longitude
30°	north	latitude	05°	west	longitude

Area D—South America

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points—

04°	north	latitude	72°	west	longitude
04°	north	latitude	60°	west	longitude
08°	south	latitude	42°	west	longitude
18°	south	latitude	54°	west	longitude
18°	south	latitude	60°	west	longitude
14°	south	latitude	72°	west	longitude
05°	south	latitude	76°	west	longitude
04°	north	latitude	72°	west	longitude

Area E—Pacific Ocean

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points—

60°	north	latitude	180°	east/west	longitude
20°	north	latitude	128°	east	longitude
04°	north	latitude	128°	east	longitude
04°	north	latitude	180°	east/west	longitude
55°	south	latitude	180°	east/west	longitude
55°	south	latitude	82°	west	longitude
25°	south	latitude	82°	west	longitude
60°	north	latitude	155°	west	longitude
60°	north	latitude	180°	east/west	longitude

Area F—Australia

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points—

18°	south	latitude	123°	east	longitude
30°	south	latitude	118°	east	longitude
30°	south	latitude	135°	east	longitude
18°	south	latitude	123°	east	longitude

Area G—Indian Ocean

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points—

35°	south	latitude	110°	east	longitude
55°	south	latitude	180°	east/west	longitude
55°	south	latitude	10°	east	longitude
40°	south	latitude	10°	east	longitude
25°	south	latitude	60°	east	longitude
20°	south	latitude	60°	east	longitude
05°	south	latitude	43°	east	longitude
10°	north	latitude	55°	east	longitude
10°	north	latitude	73°	east	longitude
04°	north	latitude	77°	east	longitude
04°	north	latitude	92°	east	longitude
10°	south	latitude	100°	east	longitude
10°	south	latitude	110°	east	longitude
35°	south	latitude	110°	east	longitude

Area H—North Atlantic Ocean

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points—

55°	north	latitude	15°	west	longitude
68°	north	latitude	28°	west	longitude
68°	north	latitude	60°	west	longitude
45°	north	latitude	45°	west	longitude
40°	north	latitude	60°	west	longitude
40°	north	latitude	19°	west	longitude
55°	north	latitude	15°	west	longitude

Area I—South Atlantic Ocean

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points—

40°	north	latitude	60°	west	longitude
18°	north	latitude	60°	west	longitude
05°	south	latitude	30°	west	longitude
55°	south	latitude	55°	west	longitude
55°	south	latitude	10°	east	longitude
40°	south	latitude	10°	east	longitude
02°	north	latitude	05°	east	longitude
02°	north	latitude	10°	west	longitude
15°	north	latitude	25°	west	longitude
40°	north	latitude	19°	west	longitude
40°	north	latitude	60°	west	longitude

Area J—Northern Canada

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points—

68°	north	latitude	130°	west	longitude
55°	north	latitude	115°	west	longitude
55°	north	latitude	70°	west	longitude
68°	north	latitude	60°	west	longitude
68°	north	latitude	130°	west	longitude

Area K—Northern Asia

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points—

68°	north	latitude	56°	east	longitude
68°	north	latitude	160°	east	longitude
50°	north	latitude	125°	east	longitude
50°	north	latitude	56°	east	longitude
68°	north	latitude	56°	east	longitude

Area L—Southern Asia

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points—

50°	north	latitude	56°	east	longitude
50°	north	latitude	125°	east	longitude
40°	north	latitude	110°	east	longitude
30°	north	latitude	110°	east	longitude
30°	north	latitude	80°	east	longitude
35°	north	latitude	80°	east	longitude
35°	north	latitude	56°	east	longitude
50°	north	latitude	56°	east	longitude

SECTION 1 — United Kingdom Licences

Private Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes)

Minimum age—17 years

No maximum period of validity

Privileges:

• (1) Subject to paragraph (2), the holder of a Private Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes) shall be entitled to fly as pilot in command or co-pilot of an aeroplane of any of the types or classes specified or otherwise falling within an aircraft rating included in the licence.

• (2) He shall not—

• (a) fly such an aeroplane for the purpose of public transport or aerial work save as hereinafter provided—

• (i) he may fly such an aeroplane for the purpose of aerial work which consists of—

• (aa) the giving of instruction in flying, if his licence includes a flying instructor's rating, class rating instructor rating, flight instructor rating or an assistant flying instructor's rating; or

• (bb) the conducting of flying tests for the purposes of this Order;

in either case in an aeroplane owned, or operated under arrangements entered into, by a flying club of which the person giving the instruction or conducting the test and the person receiving the instruction or undergoing the test are both members;

• (ii) he may fly such an aeroplane for the purpose of aerial work which consists of—

• (aa) towing a glider in flight; or

• (bb) a flight for the purpose of dropping of persons by parachute;

in either case in an aeroplane owned, or operated under arrangements entered into, by a flying club of which the holder of the licence and any person carried in the aircraft or in any glider towed by the aircraft are members;

• (b) receive any remuneration for his services as a pilot on a flight save that if his licence includes a flying instructor's rating, a flight instructor rating or an assistant flying instructor's rating by virtue of which he is entitled to give instruction in flying microlight aeroplanes or self-launching motor gliders he may receive remuneration for the giving of such instruction or the conducting of such flying tests as are specified in sub-paragraph (a)(i) in a microlight aircraft or a self launching motor glider;

• (c) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (aeroplane) or an instrument meteorological conditions rating (aeroplanes), fly as pilot in command of such an aeroplane—

• (i) on a flight outside controlled airspace when the flight visibility is less than 3 km;

• (ii) on a special VFR flight in a control zone in a flight visibility of less than 10 km except on a route or in an aerodrome traffic zone notified for the purpose of this sub-paragraph; or

• (iii) out of sight of the surface;

• (d) fly as pilot in command of such an aeroplane at night unless his licence includes a night rating (aeroplanes) or a night qualification (aeroplane);

• (e) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (aeroplane), fly as pilot in command or co-pilot of such an aeroplane flying in Class A, B or C airspace in circumstances which require compliance with the Instrument Flight Rules;

• (f) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (aeroplane) or an instrument meteorological conditions rating (aeroplanes), fly as pilot in command or co-pilot of such an aeroplane flying in Class D or E airspace in circumstances which require compliance with the Instrument Flight Rules; or

• (g) fly as pilot in command of such an aeroplane carrying passengers unless within the preceding 90 days he has made at least three take-offs and three landings as the sole manipulator of the controls of an aeroplane of the same type or class and if such a flight is to be carried out at night and his licence does not include an instrument rating (aeroplane) at least one of those take-offs and landings shall have been at night.

Basic Commercial Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes)

Minimum age—18 years

Maximum period of validity—10 years

Privileges:

• (1) The holder of a Basic Commercial Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes) shall be entitled to exercise the privileges of a United Kingdom Private Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes).

• (2) Subject to paragraphs (3) and (7), he shall be entitled to fly as pilot in command of an aeroplane of a type or class on which he is so qualified and which is specified in an aircraft rating included in the licence when the aeroplane is engaged on a flight for any purpose whatsoever.

• (3) He shall not—

• (a) fly such an aeroplane on a flight for the purpose of public transport if he has less than 400 hours of flying experience as pilot in command of aeroplanes other than self-launching motor gliders or microlight aeroplanes;

• (b) fly such an aeroplane on a flight for the purpose of public transport if its maximum total weight authorised exceeds 2,300 kg;

• (c) fly such an aeroplane on any scheduled journey;

• (d) fly such an aeroplane on a flight for the purpose of public transport except a flight beginning and ending at the same aerodrome and not extending beyond 25 nautical miles from that aerodrome;

• (e) fly such an aeroplane on a flight for the purpose of public transport after he attains the age of 60 years unless the aeroplane is fitted with dual controls and carries a second pilot who has not attained the age of 60 years and who holds an appropriate licence under this Order entitling him to act as pilot in command or co-pilot of that aeroplane;

• (f) fly such an aeroplane at night, unless his licence includes a night rating (aeroplanes) or a night qualification (aeroplane);

• (g) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (aeroplane) or an instrument meteorological conditions rating (aeroplanes), fly as pilot in command of such an aeroplane—

• (i) on a flight outside controlled airspace when the flight visibility is less than 3 km;

• (ii) on a special VFR flight in a control zone in a flight visibility of less than 10 km except on a route or in an aerodrome traffic zone notified for the purposes of this sub-paragraph; or

• (iii) out of sight of the surface;

• (h) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (aeroplane), fly as pilot in command or co-pilot of such an aeroplane flying in Class A, B or C airspace in circumstances which require compliance with the Instrument Flight Rules;

• (i) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (aeroplane) or an instrument meteorological conditions rating (aeroplanes), fly as pilot in command or co-pilot of such an aeroplane flying in Class D or E airspace in circumstances which require compliance with the Instrument Flight Rules; or

• (j) fly as pilot in command of such an aeroplane carrying passengers unless within the preceding 90 days he has made at least three take-offs and three landings as the sole manipulator of the controls of an aeroplane of the same type or class and if the flight is to be undertaken at night and his licence does not include an instrument rating (aeroplane) at least one of those take-offs and landings shall have been at night.

• (4) Subject to paragraph (5), he shall be entitled to fly as pilot in command of an aeroplane of a type or class specified in an instructor's rating included in the licence on a flight for the purpose of aerial work which consists of—

• (a) the giving of instruction in flying; or

• (b) the conducting of flying tests for the purposes of this Order;

in either case in an aeroplane owned, or operated under arrangements entered into, by a flying club of which the person giving the instruction or conducting the test and the person receiving the instruction or undergoing the test are both members.

• (5) He shall not be entitled to exercise the privileges contained in paragraph (4) other than in an aeroplane which he is entitled to fly as pilot in command on a private flight, an aerial work flight or a public transport flight under the privileges set out in paragraph (1) or (2) of these privileges.

• (6) Subject to paragraph (7) he shall be entitled to fly as co-pilot of any aeroplane of a type specified in an aircraft rating included in the licence when the aeroplane is engaged on a flight for any purpose whatsoever provided that he shall not be entitled to fly as co-pilot of an aeroplane which is engaged on a flight for the purpose of public transport unless he has more than 400 hours of flying experience as pilot in command of aeroplanes other than self-launching motor gliders and microlight aeroplanes and the aeroplane is certificated for single pilot operation.

• (7) He shall not at any time after he attains the age of 65 years act as pilot in command or co-pilot of any aeroplane on a flight for the purpose of public transport.

Commercial Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes)

Minimum age—18 years

Maximum period of validity—10 years

Privileges:

• (1) The holder of a Commercial Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes) shall be entitled to exercise the privileges of a United Kingdom Private Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes) which includes an instrument meteorological conditions rating (aeroplanes) and a night rating (aeroplanes) or night qualification (aeroplane), and shall be entitled to fly as pilot in command of an aeroplane—

• (a) on a special VFR flight notwithstanding that the flight visibility is less than 3 km;

• (b) when the aeroplane is taking off or landing at any place notwithstanding that the flight visibility below cloud is less than 1,800 metres.

• (2) Subject to paragraphs (3) and (7), he shall be entitled to fly as pilot in command of an aeroplane of a type or class on which he is so qualified and which is specified in an aircraft rating included in the licence when the aeroplane is engaged on a flight for any purpose whatsoever.

• (3) He shall not—

• (a) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (aeroplane), fly such an aeroplane on any scheduled journey;

• (b) fly as pilot in command of an aeroplane carrying passengers unless he has carried out at least three take-offs and three landings as pilot flying in an aeroplane of the same type or class or in a flight simulator, approved for the purpose, of the aeroplane type or class to be used, in the preceding 90 days;

• (c) as co-pilot serve at the flying controls in an aeroplane carrying passengers during take-off and landing unless he has served as a pilot at the controls during take-off and landing in an aeroplane of the same type or class or in a flight simulator, approved for the purpose, of the aeroplane type or class to be used, in the preceding 90 days;

• (d) as the holder of a licence which does not include a valid instrument rating (aeroplane), fly as pilot in command of an aeroplane carrying passengers at night unless during the previous 90 days at least one of the take-offs and landings required in sub-paragraph (b) has been carried out at night;

• (e) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (aeroplane), fly any such aeroplane of which the maximum total weight authorised exceeds 2,300 kg on any flight for the purpose of public transport, except a flight beginning and ending at the same aerodrome and not extending beyond 25 nautical miles from that aerodrome;

• (f) fly such an aeroplane on a flight for the purpose of public transport unless it is certificated for single pilot operation;

• (g) fly such an aeroplane on any flight for the purpose of public transport after he attains the age of 60 years unless the aeroplane is fitted with dual controls and carries a second pilot who has not attained the age of 60 years and who holds an appropriate licence under this Order entitling him to act as pilot in command or co-pilot of that aeroplane; or

• (h) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (aeroplane), fly as pilot in command or co-pilot of such an aeroplane flying in Class A, B or C airspace in circumstances which require compliance with the Instrument Flight Rules.

• (4) Subject to paragraph (5), he shall be entitled to fly as pilot in command of an aeroplane of a type or class specified in an instructor's rating included in the licence on a flight for the purpose of aerial work which consists of—

• (a) the giving of instruction in flying; or

• (b) the conducting of flying tests for the purposes of this Order;

in either case in an aeroplane owned, or operated under arrangements entered into, by a flying club of which the person giving the instruction or conducting the test and the person receiving the instruction or undergoing the test are both members.

• (5) He shall not be entitled to exercise privileges contained in paragraph (4) other than in an aeroplane which he is entitled to fly as pilot in command on a private flight, an aerial work flight or a public transport flight under the privileges set out in paragraph (1) or (2) of these privileges.

• (6) Subject to paragraph (7) he shall be entitled to fly as co-pilot of any aeroplane of a type specified in an aircraft rating included in the licence when the aeroplane is engaged on a flight for any purpose whatsoever.

• (7) He shall not at any time after he attains the age of 65 years act as pilot in command or co-pilot of any aeroplane on a flight for the purpose of public transport.

Airline Transport Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes)

Minimum age—21 years

Maximum period of validity—10 years

Privileges:

The holder of an Airline Transport Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes) shall be entitled to exercise the privileges of a United Kingdom Commercial Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes) except that sub-paragraph (3)(f) of those privileges shall not apply.

Private Pilot's Licence (Helicopters)

Minimum age—17 years

No maximum period of validity

Privileges:

• (1) Subject to paragraph (2), the holder of a Private Pilot's Licence (Helicopters) shall be entitled to fly as pilot in command or co-pilot of any helicopter of a type specified in an aircraft rating included in the licence.

• (2) He shall not—

• (a) fly such a helicopter for the purpose of public transport or aerial work other than aerial work which consists of—

• (i) the giving of instruction in flying if his licence includes a flying instructor's rating, flight instructor rating or an assistant flying instructor's rating; or

• (ii) the conducting of flying tests for the purposes of this Order;

in either case in a helicopter owned, or operated under arrangements entered into, by a flying club of which the person giving the instruction or conducting the test and the person receiving the instruction or undergoing the test are both members;

• (b) receive any remuneration for his services as a pilot on a flight other than remuneration for the giving of such instruction or the conducting of such flying tests as are specified in sub-paragraph (a);

• (c) fly as pilot in command of such a helicopter at night unless his licence includes a night rating (helicopters) or a night qualification (helicopter);

• (d) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (helicopter) fly as pilot in command or co-pilot of such a helicopter flying in Class A, B or C airspace in circumstances which require compliance with the Instrument Flight Rules; or

• (e) fly as pilot in command of such a helicopter carrying passengers unless—

• (i) within the preceding 90 days he has made at least three circuits, each to include take-offs and landings, as the sole manipulator of the controls of a helicopter of the same type; or

• (ii) if the privileges are to be exercised by night and his licence does not include an instrument rating, within the preceding 90 days he has made at least three circuits, each to include take-offs and landings, by night as the sole manipulator of the controls of a helicopter of the same type.

Private Pilot's Licence (Gyroplanes)

Minimum age—17 years

No maximum period of validity

Privileges:

• (1) Subject to paragraph (2), the holder of a Private Pilot's Licence (Gyroplanes) shall be entitled to fly as pilot in command or co-pilot of any gyroplane of a type specified in the aircraft rating included in the licence.

• (2) He shall not—

• (a) fly such a gyroplane for the purpose of public transport or aerial work other than aerial work which consists of—

• (i) the giving of instruction in flying if his licence includes a flying instructor's rating, flight instructor rating or an assistant flying instructor's rating; or

• (ii) the conducting of flying tests for the purposes of this Order;

in either case in a gyroplane owned, or operated under arrangements entered into, by a flying club of which the person giving the instruction or conducting the test and the person receiving the instruction or undergoing the test are both members;

• (b) receive any remuneration for his services as a pilot on a flight other than remuneration for the giving of such instruction or the conducting of such flying tests as are specified in sub-paragraph (a);

• (c) fly as pilot in command of such a gyroplane at night unless his licence includes a night rating (gyroplanes) and he has within the immediately preceding 13 months carried out as pilot in command not less than 5 take-offs and five landings at a time when the depression of the centre of the sun was not less than 12° below the horizon.

Commercial Pilot's Licence (Helicopters and Gyroplanes)

Minimum age—18 years

Maximum period of validity—10 years

Privileges:

• (1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (5), the holder of a Commercial Pilot's Licence (Helicopters and Gyroplanes) shall be entitled—

• (a) to exercise the privileges of a United Kingdom Private Pilot's Licence (Helicopters) or a United Kingdom Private Pilot's Licence (Gyroplanes) which includes respectively either a night rating (helicopters) or night qualification (helicopter) or a night rating (gyroplanes); and

• (b) to fly as pilot in command of any helicopter or gyroplane on which he is so qualified and which is of a type specified in an aircraft rating included in the licence when the helicopter or gyroplane is engaged on a flight for any purpose whatsoever.

• (2) He shall not—

• (a) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (helicopter) fly such a helicopter on any scheduled journey or on any flight for the purpose of public transport other than in visual meteorological conditions;

• (b) fly such a helicopter on a flight for the purpose of public transport unless it is certificated for single pilot operation;

• (c) fly such a helicopter on any flight for the purpose of public transport after he attains the age of 60 years unless the helicopter is fitted with dual controls and carries a second pilot who has not attained the age of 60 years and who holds an appropriate licence under this Order entitling him to act as pilot in command or co-pilot of that helicopter;

• (d) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (helicopter) fly as pilot in command of such a helicopter flying in Class A, B or C airspace in circumstances which require compliance with the Instrument Flight Rules;

• (e) fly as pilot in command of a helicopter carrying passengers unless he has carried out at least three circuits, each to include take-offs and landings, as pilot flying in a helicopter of the same type or a flight simulator of the helicopter type to be used, in the preceding 90 days;

• (f) as the holder of a helicopter licence which does not include a valid instrument rating (helicopter) act as pilot in command of a helicopter carrying passengers at night unless during the previous 90 days at least one of the take-offs and landings required in sub-paragraph (e) above has been carried out at night;

• (g) fly such a gyroplane on a flight for the purpose of public transport unless it is certificated for single pilot operation;

• (h) fly such a gyroplane at night unless he has within the immediately preceding 13 months carried out as pilot in command not less than 5 take-offs and 5 landings at a time when the depression of the centre of the sun was not less than 12° below the horizon; or

• (i) fly such a gyroplane on any flight for the purpose of public transport after he attains the age of 60 years unless the gyroplane is fitted with dual controls and carries a second pilot who has not attained the age of 60 years and who holds an appropriate licence under this Order entitling him to act as pilot in command or co-pilot of that gyroplane.

• (3) Subject to paragraphs (4) and (5) he shall be entitled to fly as co-pilot of any helicopter or gyroplane of a type specified in an aircraft rating included in the licence when the helicopter or gyroplane is engaged on a flight for any purpose whatsoever.

• (4) He shall not—

• (a) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (helicopter) fly as co-pilot of a helicopter flying in Class A, B or C airspace in circumstances which require compliance with the Instrument Flight Rules;

• (b) as co-pilot serve at the flying controls in a helicopter carrying passengers during take-off and landing unless he has served as a pilot at the controls during take-off and landing in a helicopter of the same type or in a flight simulator of the helicopter type to be used, in the preceding 90 days; or

• (c) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (helicopter) fly as co-pilot of a helicopter on any scheduled journey or on a flight for the purpose of public transport other than in visual meteorological conditions.

• (5) He shall not at any time after he attains the age of 65 years act as pilot in command or co-pilot of any helicopter or gyroplane on a flight for the purpose of public transport.

Airline Transport Pilot's Licence (Helicopters and Gyroplanes)

Minimum age—21 years

Maximum period of validity—10 years

Privileges:

The holder of an Airline Transport Pilot's Licence (Helicopters and Gyroplanes) shall be entitled to exercise the privileges of a United Kingdom Commercial Pilot's Licence (Helicopters and Gyroplanes) except that sub-paragraphs (2)(b) and (2)(g) of those privileges shall not apply.

Private Pilot's Licence (Balloons and Airships)

Minimum age—17 years

No maximum period of validity

Privileges:

• (1) Subject to paragraph (2), the holder of a Private Pilot's Licence (Balloons and Airships) shall be entitled to fly as pilot in command of any type of balloon or airship on which he is so qualified and which is specified in an aircraft rating in the licence and co-pilot of any type of balloon or airship specified in such a rating.

• (2) He shall not—

• (a) fly such a balloon or airship for the purpose of public transport or aerial work, other than aerial work which consists of the giving of instruction in flying or the conducting of flying tests in either case in a balloon or airship owned, or operated under arrangements entered into, by a flying club of which the person giving the instruction or conducting the test and the person receiving the instruction or undergoing the test are both members;

• (b) receive any remuneration for his services as a pilot on a flight other than remuneration for the giving of such instruction or the conducting of such flying tests as are specified in sub-paragraph (a); or

• (c) fly such a balloon unless he has within the immediately preceding 13 months carried out as pilot in command in a free balloon at least 5 flights each of not less than 5 minutes duration.

Commercial Pilot's Licence (Balloons)

Minimum age—18 years

Maximum period of validity—10 years

Privileges:

• (1) The holder of a Commercial Pilot's Licence (Balloons) shall be entitled to exercise the privileges of a United Kingdom Private Pilot's Licence (Balloons and Airships).

• (2) Subject to paragraph (3), he shall be entitled to fly, when the balloon is flying for any purpose whatsoever, as pilot in command or co-pilot of any type of balloon specified in the aircraft rating included in the licence.

• (3) He shall not act as pilot in command on a flight for the purpose of the public transport of passengers unless he has within the immediately preceding 90 days carried out as pilot in command in a free balloon at least 3 flights each of not less than 5 minutes duration.

Commercial Pilot's Licence (Airships)

Minimum age—18 years

Maximum period of validity—10 years

Privileges:

• (1) The holder of a Commercial Pilot's Licence (Airships) shall be entitled to exercise the privileges of a United Kingdom Private Pilot's Licence (Balloons and Airships).

• (2) He shall be entitled to fly, when the airship is flying for any purpose whatsoever, as pilot in command of any type of airship on which he is so qualified and which is specified in an aircraft rating included in the licence and as co-pilot of any type of airship specified in such a rating.

Commercial Pilot's Licence (Gliders)

Minimum age—18 years

Maximum period of validity—10 years

Privileges:

The holder of a Commercial Pilot's Licence (Gliders) shall be entitled to fly for any purpose as pilot in command or co-pilot of—

• (a) any glider of which the maximum total weight authorised does not exceed 680 kg;

• (b) any glider of which the maximum total weight authorised exceeds 680 kg and which is of a type specified in the rating included in the licence.

Flight Navigator's Licence

Minimum age—21 years

Maximum period of validity—10 years

Privileges:

The holder of a Flight Navigator's Licence shall be entitled to act as flight navigator in any aircraft.

Flight Engineer's Licence

Minimum age—21 years

Maximum period of validity—10 years

Privileges:

The holder of a Flight Engineer's Licence shall be entitled to act as flight engineer in any type of aircraft specified in an aircraft rating included in the licence.

Flight Radiotelephony Operator's Licence

Minimum age—16 years

Maximum period of validity—10 years

Privileges:

The holder of a Flight Radiotelephony Operator's Licence shall be entitled to operate radiotelephony apparatus in any aircraft if the stability of the frequency radiated by the transmitter is maintained automatically but shall not be entitled to operate the transmitter, or to adjust its frequency, except by the use of external switching devices.

SECTION 2 — JAR-FCL Licences

Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane)

Minimum age—17 years

Maximum period of validity—5 years

Privileges and conditions:

• (1) Subject to any conditions specified in respect of the licence, the privileges of the holder of a Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) are to act, but not for remuneration, as pilot in command or co-pilot of any aeroplane specified in a class or type rating included in Part XII of the licence engaged in non-revenue flights.

• (2) The licence is subject to the conditions and restrictions specified in paragraph 1.175 of Section 1 of JAR-FCL 1.

• (3) The holder shall not—

• (a) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (aeroplane) or an instrument meteorological conditions rating (aeroplanes), fly as pilot in command of such an aeroplane—

• (i) on a flight outside controlled airspace when the flight visibility is less than 3 km;

• (ii) on a special VFR flight in a control zone in a flight visibility of less than 10 km except on a route or in an aerodrome traffic zone notified for the purpose of this sub-paragraph; or

• (iii) out of sight of the surface;

• (b) unless his licence includes an instrument meteorological conditions rating (aeroplanes), fly as pilot in command or co-pilot of such an aeroplane flying in Class D or E airspace in circumstances which require compliance with the Instrument Flight Rules;

• (c) fly as pilot in command of such an aeroplane at night unless his licence includes a night rating (aeroplanes) or a night qualification (aeroplane); or

• (d) fly as pilot in command of such an aeroplane carrying passengers unless within the preceding 90 days he has made at least three take-offs and three landings as the sole manipulator of the controls of an aeroplane of the same type or class and if such a flight is to be carried out at night and his licence does not include an instrument rating (aeroplanes) at least one of those take-offs and landing shall have been at night.

Commercial Pilot Licence (Aeroplane)

Minimum age—18 years

Maximum period of validity—5 years

Privileges and conditions:

• (1) Subject to any conditions specified in respect of the licence, the privileges of the holder of a Commercial Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) are to—

• (a) exercise all the privileges of the holder of a JAR-FCL Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) which includes a night qualification;

• (b) act as pilot in command or co-pilot of any aeroplane specified in a type or class rating included in Part XII of the licence on a flight other than a public transport flight;

• (c) act as pilot in command on a public transport flight of any aeroplane included in Part XII of the licence certificated for single pilot operation; and

• (d) act as co-pilot on a public transport flight of any aeroplane included in Part XII of the licence.

• (2) The licence is subject to the conditions and restrictions specified in paragraph 1.175 of Section 1 of JAR-FCL 1.

• (3) The holder shall not—

• (a) fly as pilot in command on a flight for the purpose of public transport unless he complies with the requirements of paragraph 1.960(a)(1) and (2) of Section 1 of JAR-OPS 1;

• (b) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (aeroplane), fly such an aeroplane on any scheduled journey;

• (c) fly as pilot in command of an aeroplane carrying passengers unless he has carried out at least three take-offs and three landings as pilot flying in an aeroplane of the same type or class or in a flight simulator, approved for the purpose, of the aeroplane type or class to be used, in the preceding 90 days;

• (d) as co-pilot serve at the flying controls in an aeroplane carrying passengers during take-off and landing unless he has served as a pilot at the controls during take-off and landing in an aeroplane of the same type or class or in a flight simulator, approved for the purpose, of the aeroplane type or class to be used, in the preceding 90 days;

• (e) as the holder of a licence which does not include a valid instrument rating (aeroplane) act as pilot in command of an aeroplane carrying passengers at night unless during the previous 90 days at least one of the take-offs and landings required in sub-paragraph (c) has been carried out at night; or

• (f) unless his licence includes an instrument rating (aeroplane), fly any such aeroplane of which the maximum total weight authorised exceeds 2,300 kg on any flight for the purpose of public transport, except a flight beginning and ending at the same aerodrome and not extending beyond 25 nautical miles from that aerodrome.

• (4) The holder shall be entitled subject to paragraph (5), to fly as pilot in command of an aeroplane of a type or class specified in any flying instructor's rating, class rating instructor rating, flight instructor rating or assistant flying instructor's rating included in the licence on a flight for the purpose of aerial work which consists of—

• (a) the giving of instruction in flying; or

• (b) the conducting of flying tests for the purposes of this Order;

in either case in an aeroplane owned, or operated under arrangements entered into, by a flying club of which the person giving the instruction or conducting the test and the person receiving the instruction or undergoing the test are both members.

• (5) The holder shall not be entitled to exercise privileges contained in paragraph (4) other than in an aeroplane which he is entitled to fly as pilot in command on a private flight, an aerial work flight or a public transport flight under the privileges set out in paragraph (1) or (2) of these privileges.

Curtailment of privileges of licence holders aged 60 years or more

• (6) The holder of a licence who has attained the age of 60 years but not attained the age of 65 years shall not act as a pilot of an aeroplane on a public transport flight except where the holder is:

• (a) a member of a multi-pilot crew; and

• (b) the only pilot in the flight crew who has attained the age of 60 years.

• (7) The holder of a licence who has attained the age of 65 years shall not act as a pilot of an aeroplane on a public transport flight.

Airline Transport Pilot Licence (Aeroplane)

Minimum age—21 years

Maximum period of validity—5 years

Privileges and conditions:

• (1) Subject to any conditions specified in respect of the licence, the privileges of the holder of an Airline Transport Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) are to—

• (a) exercise all the privileges of the holder of a JAR-FCL Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane), a JAR-FCL Commercial Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) and an instrument rating (aeroplane); and

• (b) act as pilot in command or co-pilot of any aeroplane specified in a type rating included in Part XII of the licence on a public transport flight.

• (2) The licence is subject to the conditions and restrictions specified in paragraph 1.175 of Section 1 of JAR-FCL 1.

Curtailment of privileges of licence holders aged 60 years or more

• (3) The holder of a licence who has attained the age of 60 years but not attained the age of 65 years shall not act as a pilot of an aeroplane on a public transport flight except where the holder is—

• (a) a member of a multi-pilot crew; and

• (b) the only pilot in the flight crew who has attained the age of 60 years.

• (4) The holder of a licence who has attained the age of 65 years shall not act as a pilot of an aeroplane on a public transport flight.

SUB-SECTION 2 — Helicopter pilots

Private Pilot Licence (Helicopter)

Minimum age—17 years

Maximum period of validity—5 years

Privileges and conditions:

• (1) Subject to any conditions specified in respect of the licence, the privileges of the holder of a Private Pilot Licence (Helicopter) are to act, but not for remuneration, as pilot in command or co-pilot of any helicopter included in a type rating in Part XII of the licence engaged in non-revenue flights.

• (2) The licence is subject to the conditions and restrictions specified in paragraph 2.175 of Section 1 of JAR-FCL 2.

• (3) The holder shall not—

• (a) fly as pilot in command of such a helicopter at night unless his licence includes a night rating (helicopters) or a night qualification (helicopter); or

• (b) fly as pilot in command of such a helicopter carrying passengers unless—

• (i) within the preceding 90 days he has made at least three solo circuits, each to include take-offs and landings as the sole manipulator of the controls of a helicopter of the same type; or

• (ii) if the privileges are to be exercised by night and his licence does not include an instrument rating, within the preceding 90 days he has made at least three circuits, each to include take-offs and landings by night as the sole manipulator of the controls of a helicopter of the same type.

Commercial Pilot Licence (Helicopter)

Minimum age—18 years

Maximum period of validity—5 years

Privileges and conditions:

• (1) Subject to any conditions specified in respect of the licence, the privileges of the holder of a Commercial Pilot Licence (Helicopter) are to—

• (a) exercise all the privileges of the holder of a JAR-FCL Private Pilot Licence (Helicopter);

• (b) act as pilot in command or co-pilot of any helicopter included in a type rating in Part XII of the licence on a flight other than a public transport flight;