The Air Navigation Order 2016

[^key-efadc817c8e035553afe9725806c5169]: Words in art. 23(2) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2020 (S.I. 2020/1555), arts. 1(2), 5(3) (with art. 13)

[^key-efebbcf7a8ae3153ecd6e5546150c742]: Words in art. 156 heading inserted (1.10.2025) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2025 (S.I. 2025/850), arts. 1(2), 10

[^key-f104f9b70215968542c07bce03c2f5a6]: Art. 252(2)(a) omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Operation of Air Services (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2018 (S.I. 2018/1392), regs. 1(2), 6(3)(b); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

[^key-f119a03c98b4d1313284dd2ca06e4c52]: Art. 265G inserted (29.4.2021 for specified purposes, 29.6.2021 in so far as not already in force) by Air Traffic Management and Unmanned Aircraft Act 2021 (c. 12), s. 21(1)(a), Sch. 10 para. 2(3); S.I. 2021/748, reg. 2(l)

[^key-f12183a2a050801e7b4127188fdc8c52]: Art. 229(3) substituted (14.12.2017) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2017 (S.I. 2017/1112), arts. 1, 38(a)

[^key-f34a0eec6b2a6921a0da98f4dee248b6]: Art. 230 revoked (7.8.2019) by The Air Navigation (Cosmic Radiation Protection of Air Crew and Space Crew and Consequential Amendments) Order 2019 (S.I. 2019/1115), arts. 1, 28(1)(b) (with arts. 3, 28(3))

[^key-f391dce5ef42d47b1834e3d8c93063dd]: Art. 93(2) substituted (14.12.2017) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2017 (S.I. 2017/1112), arts. 1, 23

[^key-f3a244f3dd5a5e62ea488bacc2e1a547]: Words in art. 99(1) substituted (5.12.2018) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) (No. 2) Order 2018 (S.I. 2018/1160), arts. 1, 3

[^key-f41c8a1306b9ba48acda6462e70edfb8]: Words in Sch. 8 Pt. 2 Ch. 1 omitted (14.12.2017) by virtue of The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2017 (S.I. 2017/1112), arts. 1, 45(b)(ii)

[^key-f57593b20d115675f5421532ab5fa842]: Word in Sch. 8 Pt. 2 Ch. 2 omitted (19.8.2021) by virtue of The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2021 (S.I. 2021/879), arts. 1(1), 11(5)

[^key-f6bd86b043b76145b6fbc3c104a6f446]: Art. 255(4) excluded (31.12.2020) by The Syria (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/792), regs. 1(3), 52(1)(b); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

[^key-f71cffeb66cbad2b5b7a2abd6503506e]: Art. 115A inserted (4.11.2024) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2024 (S.I. 2024/990), arts. 1(2), 5

[^key-f77cb1797510e96e32fc36ee022ef0a9]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 3 Ch. 1 inserted (4.11.2024) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2024 (S.I. 2024/990), arts. 1(2), 10

[^key-f7a7c4aae43df146e2f809433e13c907]: Word in Sch. 13 Pt. 3 Ch. 1 substituted (31.12.2020) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/645), reg. 1, Sch. 1 para. 85(4)(a)(iii)(cc) (with Sch. 3) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1098, regs. 1(3), 12); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

[^key-f7bd53f973d382fc4d4f1806288e5c03]: Art. 275 omitted (4.11.2024) by virtue of The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2024 (S.I. 2024/990), arts. 1(2), 8

[^key-f7deebc670dd493fa17217155cec72d6]: Art. 134(5) inserted (14.12.2017) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2017 (S.I. 2017/1112), arts. 1, 29

[^key-f8101c1a350201508e6e7400596271bc]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 1 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2020 (S.I. 2020/1555), arts. 1(2), 12(b)(i) (with art. 13)

[^key-f8b02924c8f823fbed6c1c863f11ae88]: Art. 273 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Aviation Safety (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/645), reg. 1, Sch. 1 para. 76 (with Sch. 3) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1098, regs. 1(3), 12); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

[^key-f906474047a3446b7fc8d6c3f4e979e7]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 3 Ch. 1 substituted (31.12.2020) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/645), reg. 1, Sch. 1 para. 85(4)(a)(i)(aa) (with Sch. 3) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1098, regs. 1(3), 12); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

[^key-fa60748a22db7a87447f195df8a3630d]: Words in Sch. 1 para. 1 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2020 (S.I. 2020/1555), arts. 1(2), 11(d) (with art. 13)

[^key-fac8d9facd217f285bb76d144884aa0d]: Word in art. 147 heading substituted (31.12.2020) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/645), reg. 1, Sch. 1 para. 39 (with Sch. 3) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1098, regs. 1(3), 12); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

[^key-fb4d76b2847c3ca3eb00d5359d021ebb]: Art. 34(2)(b) omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Aviation Safety (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/645), reg. 1, Sch. 1 para. 9(c)(ii) (with Sch. 3) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1098, regs. 1(3), 12); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

[^key-fc149c69518c9647351e2e4822385526]: Words in art. 13(1)(a) inserted (1.10.2025) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2025 (S.I. 2025/850), arts. 1(2), 3(2)

[^key-fc8d874c905bd351608064b2a5cb7757]: Word in Sch. 10 para. 1(c) substituted (14.12.2017) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2017 (S.I. 2017/1112), arts. 1, 48(a)

[^key-fd5a2536c2bc05cc23cb81677c56cbe0]: Words in Sch. 8 Pt. 2 Ch. 2 inserted (1.10.2025) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2025 (S.I. 2025/850), arts. 1(2), 16(3)(b)(iii)(bb)

[^key-fe109172a884990b24e0053b074e955e]: Words in Sch. 8 Pt. 1 Ch. 2 s. 3 substituted (1.10.2025) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2025 (S.I. 2025/850), arts. 1(2), 16(2)(a)(ii)

[^key-fe282cf9eafe456023d9ac2348708752]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 1 Ch. 8 inserted (14.12.2017) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2017 (S.I. 2017/1112), arts. 1, 50

[^key-fe72d74ee5ac1e9ee393931d7d4dbeb6]: Art. 250A inserted (31.12.2020) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/645), reg. 1, Sch. 1 para. 66 (with Sch. 3) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1098, regs. 1(3), 12); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

[^key-fe9e2fb4c0018698f0b759f1ab12fd02]: Words in Sch. 1 para. 1 omitted (14.12.2017) by virtue of The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2017 (S.I. 2017/1112), arts. 1, 42(c)

[^key-febe6662bc9fb5c231516b9c5db5d19e]: Words in art. 14(a) omitted (14.12.2017) by virtue of The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2017 (S.I. 2017/1112), arts. 1, 7(b)

[^key-fee67009be141fc5e7a09cc19bd1a976]: Word in art. 148(3)(b) inserted (31.12.2020) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/645), reg. 1, Sch. 1 para. 40(c)(ii)(cc) (with Sch. 3) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1098, regs. 1(3), 12); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

[^key-ff9ee556ea9e2b903b2248d1908cdbd1]: Words in Sch. 1 para. 1 substituted (31.12.2020) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2020 (S.I. 2020/1555), arts. 1(2), 11(b) (with art. 13)

[^key-ffd0a3bb487c423d3ee3cef7fa3e5057]: Words in art. 136(3) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/645), reg. 1, Sch. 1 para. 32(5) (with Sch. 3) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1098, regs. 1(3), 12); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

[^key-59a727765619905de32fe077d06d0198]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 1 Ch. 5 substituted (30.10.2025) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(2)

[^key-e8c9e61c66676c88dee938aaa299f047]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 8 omitted (30.10.2025) by virtue of The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(3)(a)(i)

[^key-45570d0d7bee0d1731535ddefb80319b]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 8 substituted (30.10.2025) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(3)(a)(ii)

[^key-9a85913d822048e09a80f74c2fcc14f2]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 8 substituted (30.10.2025) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(3)(a)(iii)

[^key-7a4fd2a5b4dc79e0047298a127ab0d1b]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 9 omitted (30.10.2025) by virtue of The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(3)(b)(i)(aa)

[^key-3b883c6db8ae45a20320e9215363650c]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 9 omitted (30.10.2025) by virtue of The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(3)(b)(i)(bb)

[^key-8dd2496510c92304718b7bf133ea6ace]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 9 omitted (30.10.2025) by virtue of The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(3)(b)(i)(cc)

[^key-e88c7138f6f2ead1faeef1a9a48736ca]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 9 substituted (30.10.2025) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(3)(b)(ii)

[^key-e241a0df3c9f53ca5ad8e9d36e7f7cd5]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 9 substituted (30.10.2025) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(3)(b)(iii)

[^key-da4a7ccde9e4e916d0f468db2573c8d2]: Word in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 9 substituted (30.10.2025) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(3)(b)(iv)

[^key-5128174632ffa90129b1033988470b57]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 10 omitted (30.10.2025) by virtue of The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(3)(c)(i)

[^key-5a52045d957ec2988e6f1e9540f591f0]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 10 substituted (30.10.2025) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(3)(c)(ii)

[^key-6376fe8b2e55c18ac049b19fc7035ee2]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 10 substituted (30.10.2025) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(3)(c)(iii)

[^key-cbfa42000493cb708a09b63517701688]: Word in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 11 substituted (30.10.2025) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(3)(d)(i)

[^key-32cecaf368de878db289a3d5cd746361]: Word in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 11 inserted (30.10.2025) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(3)(d)(ii)

[^key-e87f6abfcc092ec982b112efbeb58cb2]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 11 inserted (30.10.2025) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(3)(d)(iii)

[^key-cd0f2d25c70b3ab3f93ac01372ddcf7b]: Words in Sch. 13 Pt. 2 Ch. 11 omitted (30.10.2025) by virtue of The Aviation Safety (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1290), regs. 1(3), 12(3)(d)(iv)

[^key-cab81a861f1125c332619e8bbb55693e]: Words in art. 23(4) omitted (1.1.2026) by virtue of The Unmanned Aircraft (Offences and Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/1284), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 1(2)

[^key-a196d0c9bec5e12a43389834ea9eb57e]: Art. 265A omitted (1.1.2026) by virtue of The Unmanned Aircraft (Offences and Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/1284), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 1(3)(a)

[^key-5251d5a29a4b4db5212c2a14c2bb91fc]: Art. 265B omitted (1.1.2026) by virtue of The Unmanned Aircraft (Offences and Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/1284), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 1(3)(b)

[^key-b17bb607d7c52c215c43f55b4775b767]: Art. 265C omitted (1.1.2026) by virtue of The Unmanned Aircraft (Offences and Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/1284), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 1(3)(c)

[^key-2e73c42c0d6d7e1b7e5e04c49c7566a2]: Art. 265D(6) omitted (1.1.2026) by virtue of The Unmanned Aircraft (Offences and Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/1284), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 1(4)

[^key-3f35074e4f41a107e2a7ab609d729711]: Art. 265F(1)-(4) omitted (1.1.2026) by virtue of The Unmanned Aircraft (Offences and Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/1284), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 1(5)

[^key-4b767d479580524a606b29d7e55c511e]: Words in Sch. 1 para. 1 omitted (1.1.2026) by virtue of The Unmanned Aircraft (Offences and Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/1284), reg. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 1(6)

[^key-224ca56754dd73fc2da1e7be236958bf]: Art. 265E(2)(b)(iia) inserted (3.3.2026) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2026 (S.I. 2026/99), arts. 1(2), 2(2)(a)(i)

[^key-414e82eb09ce27d40befb83b52d8dd77]: Art. 265E(2)(b)(iva) inserted (3.3.2026) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2026 (S.I. 2026/99), arts. 1(2), 2(2)(a)(iii)

[^key-28ab02cff78d5255d59d4f14c555a5ef]: Words in art. 265E(2)(b)(iv) substituted (3.3.2026) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2026 (S.I. 2026/99), arts. 1(2), 2(2)(a)(ii)

[^key-0b3a006417ef8881b7057c8cd735a162]: Word in art. 265E(3) inserted (3.3.2026) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2026 (S.I. 2026/99), arts. 1(2), 2(2)(b)(i)

[^key-7199c09ca14f99a69022d710efcd3911]: Word in art. 265E(3) inserted (3.3.2026) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2026 (S.I. 2026/99), arts. 1(2), 2(2)(b)(ii)

[^key-9eeb3b083ac0afc252ab20506e87ac33]: Words in Sch. 1 para. 1 omitted (3.3.2026) by virtue of The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2026 (S.I. 2026/99), arts. 1(2), 2(3)(a)

[^key-b90d139ec0e04f33417d8fb74a327557]: Words in Sch. 1 para. 1 substituted (3.3.2026) by The Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2026 (S.I. 2026/99), arts. 1(2), 2(3)(b)

Carriage of equipment

78A

• (1) This article applies to any aircraft registered in the United Kingdom.

• (2) The CAA may permit an aircraft or class of aircraft to which this article applies to commence a flight in specified circumstances even though a specified item of equipment, which is required to be carried under articles 77 or 119 in the circumstances of the intended flight, is not carried or is not in a fit condition for use.

• (3) An aircraft to which this article applies must not commence a flight if any of the equipment, which is required to be carried under articles 77 or 119 in the circumstances of the intended flight, is not carried or is not in a fit condition for use unless the aircraft does so in accordance with the terms of a permission granted to the operator under paragraph (2).

Operation of radio in aircraft

Operation of, and training in operation of, airborne collision avoidance system

Minimum navigation performance

Height keeping performance – aircraft registered elsewhere than in the United Kingdom

Area navigation and required navigation performance capabilities – aircraft registered elsewhere than in the United Kingdom

Maps and charts

19

Maps, charts, codes and other documents necessary for the intended flight of the aircraft, including any diversion which may reasonably be expected from the aerodrome of intended landing, must be carried on the aircraft.

Meaning of “international air navigation”

4

For the purposes of this Schedule—

• “international air navigation” means any flight which includes passage over the territory of any country other than the United Kingdom, but does not include passage over any relevant overseas territory to which there is power to extend the Civil Aviation Act 1982 under section 108(1) of that Act.

CHAPTER 9

Provision of Part-SPO	Subject matter
SPO.GEN.106	Task specialist’s responsibilities
SPO.GEN.115	Common language
SPO.GEN.120	Taxiing of aeroplanes
SPO.GEN.125	Rotor engagement
SPO.GEN.135	Information of emergency and survival equipment carried
SPO.GEN.140	Documents, manuals and information to be carried
SPO.OP.190	In-flight fuel management
SPO.OP.225	Operational limitations – hot air balloons
SPO.SPEC.HESLO.100	Standard operating procedures
SPO.SPEC.HESLO.105	Specific HESLO equipment
SPO.SPEC.HEC.100	Standard operating procedures
SPO.SPEC.HEC.105	Specific HEC equipment
SPO.SPEC.PAR.100	Standard operating procedures
SPO.SPEC.PAR.120	Flight over water
SPO.SPEC.ABF.100	Standard operating procedures

CHAPTER 10

Provision of Part-SPO	Provision of Part-SPO	Subject matter
SPO.GEN.102	SPO.GEN.102	Touring motor gliders, powered sailplanes and mixed balloons
SPO.GEN.105	SPO.GEN.105	Crew responsibilities
SPO.GEN.107	SPO.GEN.107	Pilot-in-command responsibilities and authority
SPO.GEN.108	SPO.GEN.108	Pilot-in-command responsibilities and authority – balloons
SPO.GEN.119	SPO.GEN.119	Taxiing of aircraft
SPO.GEN.130	SPO.GEN.130	Portable electronic devices
SPO.GEN.145	SPO.GEN.145	Handling of flight recorder recordings: preservation, production, protection and use – operations with complex motor-powered aircraft
SPO.OP.100	SPO.OP.100	Use of aerodromes and operating sites
SPO.OP.110	SPO.OP.110	Aerodrome operating minima – aeroplanes and helicopters
. . .	. . .	. . .
SPO.OP.125	SPO.OP.125	Minimum obstacle clearance altitudes – IFR flights
SPO.OP.130	SPO.OP.130	Fuel scheme - aeroplanes and helicopters
SPO.OP.131	SPO.OP.131	Fuel scheme - fuel or energy planning policy and in-flight replanning policy - aeroplanes and helicopters
SPO.OP.132	SPO.OP.132	Fuel and ballast supply and planning - balloons
SPO.OP.135	SPO.OP.135	Safety briefing
SPO.OP.140	SPO.OP.140	Flight preparation
SPO.OP.145	SPO.OP.145	Take-off alternate aerodromes – complex motor-powered aeroplanes
SPO.OP.150	SPO.OP.150	Destination alternate aerodromes – aeroplanes
SPO.OP.151	SPO.OP.151	Destination alternate aerodromes – helicopters
SPO.OP.155	SPO.OP.155	Refuelling with persons embarking, on board or disembarking
SPO.OP.160	SPO.OP.160	Use of headset
SPO.OP.165	SPO.OP.165	Smoking
SPO.OP.170	SPO.OP.170	Meteorological conditions
SPO.OP.175	SPO.OP.175	Ice and other contaminants – ground procedures
SPO.OP.176	SPO.OP.176	Ice and other contaminants – flight procedures
SPO.OP.180	SPO.OP.180	Take-off conditions – aeroplanes and helicopters
SPO.OP.181	SPO.OP.181	Take-off conditions – balloons
SPO.OP.195	SPO.OP.195	Use of supplemental oxygen
SPO.OP.205	SPO.OP.205	Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)
SPO.OP.210	SPO.OP.210	Approach and landing conditions – aeroplanes and helicopters
SPO.OP.215	SPO.OP.215	Commencement and continuation of approach – aeroplanes and helicopters
SPO.OP.230	SPO.OP.230	Standard operating procedures
SPO.POL.100	SPO.POL.100	Operating limitations – all aircraft
SPO.POL.105	SPO.POL.105	Mass and balance
SPO.POL.110	SPO.POL.110	Mass and balance system – commercial operations with aeroplanes and helicopters and non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft
SPO.POL.115	SPO.POL.115	Mass and balance data and documentation – commercial operations with aeroplanes and helicopters and non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft
SPO.POL.120	SPO.POL.120	Performance – general
SPO.POL.125	SPO.POL.125	Take-off mass limitations – complex motor-powered aircraft
SPO.POL.130	SPO.POL.130	Take-off – complex motor-powered aeroplanes
SPO.POL.135	SPO.POL.135	En route – one engine inoperative – complex motor-powered aircraft
SPO.POL.140	SPO.POL.140	Landing – complex motor-powered aircraft
SPO.POL.145	SPO.POL.145	Performance and operating criteria – aeroplanes
SPO.POL.146	SPO.POL.146	Performance and operating criteria – helicopters
SPO.IDE.A.100	Instruments and equipment — general	Instruments and equipment — general
SPO.IDE.A.105	Minimum equipment for flight	Minimum equipment for flight
SPO.IDE.A.110	Spare electrical fuses	Spare electrical fuses
SPO.IDE.A.115	Operating lights	Operating lights
SPO.IDE.A.120	Operations under VFR — flight and navigational instruments and associated equipment	Operations under VFR — flight and navigational instruments and associated equipment
SPO.IDE.A.125	Operations under IFR — flight and navigational instruments and associated equipment	Operations under IFR — flight and navigational instruments and associated equipment
SPO.IDE.A.126	Additional equipment for single-pilot operations under IFR	Additional equipment for single-pilot operations under IFR
SPO.IDE.A.130	Terrain awareness warning system (TAWS)	Terrain awareness warning system (TAWS)
SPO.IDE.A.131	Airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS II)	Airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS II)
SPO.IDE.A.132	Airborne weather detecting equipment – complex motor-powered aeroplanes	Airborne weather detecting equipment – complex motor-powered aeroplanes
SPO.IDE.A.133	Additional equipment for operations in icing conditions at night - complex motor-powered aeroplanes	Additional equipment for operations in icing conditions at night - complex motor-powered aeroplanes
SPO.IDE.A.140	Cockpit voice recorder	Cockpit voice recorder
SPO.IDE.A.145	Flight data recorder	Flight data recorder
SPO.IDE.A.150	Data link recording	Data link recording
SPO.IDE.A.155	Flight data and cockpit voice combination recorder	Flight data and cockpit voice combination recorder
SPO.IDE.A.160	Seats, seat safety belts and restraint systems	Seats, seat safety belts and restraint systems
SPO.IDE.A.165	First-aid kit	First-aid kit
SPO.IDE.A.170	Supplemental oxygen – pressurised aeroplanes	Supplemental oxygen – pressurised aeroplanes
SPO.IDE.A.175	Supplemental oxygen – non-pressurised aeroplanes	Supplemental oxygen – non-pressurised aeroplanes
SPO.IDE.A.180	Hand fire extinguishers	Hand fire extinguishers
SPO.IDE.A.181	Crash axe and crowbar	Crash axe and crowbar
SPO.IDE.A.185	Marking of break-in points	Marking of break-in points
SPO.IDE.A.190	Emergency locator transmitter (ELT)	Emergency locator transmitter (ELT)
SPO.IDE.A.195	Flight over water	Flight over water
SPO.IDE.A.200	Survival equipment	Survival equipment
SPO.IDE.A.205	Individual protective equipment	Individual protective equipment
SPO.IDE.H.197	Life-jackets – complex motor-powered helicopters	Life-jackets – complex motor-powered helicopters
SPO.IDE.H.198	Survival suits – complex motor-powered helicopters	Survival suits – complex motor-powered helicopters
SPO.IDE.H.199	Life-rafts, survival ELTs and survival equipment on extended overwater flights – complex motor-powered helicopters	Life-rafts, survival ELTs and survival equipment on extended overwater flights – complex motor-powered helicopters
SPO.IDE.H.200	Survival equipment	Survival equipment
SPO.IDE.H.201	Additional requirements for helicopters conducting offshore operations in a hostile sea area – complex motor-powered helicopters	Additional requirements for helicopters conducting offshore operations in a hostile sea area – complex motor-powered helicopters
SPO.IDE.H.202	Helicopters certified for operating on water – miscellaneous equipment	Helicopters certified for operating on water – miscellaneous equipment
SPO.IDE.H.203	All helicopters on flights over water - ditching	All helicopters on flights over water - ditching
SPO.IDE.H.205	Individual protective equipment	Individual protective equipment
SPO.IDE.H.210	Headset	Headset
SPO.IDE.H.215	Radio communication equipment	Radio communication equipment
SPO.IDE.H.220	Navigation equipment	Navigation equipment
SPO.IDE.H.225	Transponder	Transponder
SPO.IDE.S.100	Instruments and equipment — general	Instruments and equipment — general
SPO.IDE.S.105	Minimum equipment for flight	Minimum equipment for flight
SPO.IDE.S.115	Operations under VFR — flight and navigational instruments	Operations under VFR — flight and navigational instruments
SPO.IDE.S.120	Cloud flying — flight and navigational instruments	Cloud flying — flight and navigational instruments
SPO.IDE.S.125	Seats and restraint systems	Seats and restraint systems
SPO.IDE.S.130	Supplemental oxygen	Supplemental oxygen
SPO.IDE.S.135	Flight over water	Flight over water
SPO.IDE.S.140	Survival equipment	Survival equipment
SPO.IDE.S.145	Radio communication equipment	Radio communication equipment
SPO.IDE.S.150	Navigation equipment	Navigation equipment
SPO.IDE.S.155	Transponder	Transponder
SPO.IDE.B.100	Instruments and equipment — general	Instruments and equipment — general
SPO.IDE.B.105	Minimum equipment for flight	Minimum equipment for flight
SPO.IDE.B.110	Operating lights	Operating lights
SPO.IDE.B.115	Operations under VFR — flight and navigational instruments and associated equipment	Operations under VFR — flight and navigational instruments and associated equipment
SPO.IDE.B.120	First-aid kit	First-aid kit
SPO.IDE.B.121	Supplemental oxygen	Supplemental oxygen
SPO.IDE.B.125	Hand fire extinguishers	Hand fire extinguishers
SPO.IDE.B.130	Flight over water	Flight over water
SPO.IDE.B.135	Survival equipment	Survival equipment
SPO.IDE.B.140	Miscellaneous equipment	Miscellaneous equipment
SPO.IDE.B.145	Radio communication equipment	Radio communication equipment
NCO.IDE.B.150	Transponder	Transponder

CHAPTER 11

Provision of Part-SPO	Subject matter
SPO.GEN.150	Transport of dangerous goods
SPO.GEN.155	Release of dangerous goods
SPO.GEN.160	Carriage and use of weapons
SPO.SPEC.HESLO.110	Transportation of dangerous goods

Small unmanned aircraft : requirements

Small unmanned aircraft: height restrictions on flights

94A

• (1) If the permission that is required under paragraph (4) of this article for a flight, or a part of a flight, by an unmanned aircraft has not been obtained—

• (a) the UAS operator must not cause or permit the unmanned aircraft to be flown on that flight or that part of the flight, and

• (b) the remote pilot must not fly the unmanned aircraft on that flight or that part of that flight.

• (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (4) Subject to paragraph (4A), permission for a flight, or a part of a flight, by an unmanned aircraft in the flight restriction zone of a protected aerodrome is required—

• (a) from any air traffic control unit at the protected aerodrome, if the flight, or the part of the flight, takes place during the operational hours of the air traffic control unit;

• (b) from any flight information service unit at the protected aerodrome, if the flight, or the part of the flight, takes place during the operational hours of the flight information service unit and either—

• (i) there is no air traffic control unit at the protected aerodrome, or

• (ii) the flight, or the part of the flight, takes place outside the operational hours of the air traffic control unit at the protected aerodrome;

• (c) from the operator of the protected aerodrome, if—

• (i) there is neither an air traffic control unit nor a flight information service unit at the protected aerodrome, or

• (ii) the flight, or the part of the flight, takes place outside the operational hours of any such unit or units at the protected aerodrome.

• (4A) Permission is not required under paragraph (4) for a flight, or a part of a flight, by an unmanned aircraft subject to certification.

• (5) In this article, “operational hours”, in relation to an air traffic control unit or flight information service unit, means the operational hours—

• (a) notified in relation to the unit, or

• (b) set out in the UK military AIP in relation to the unit.

• (6) In this article and article 94B, “protected aerodrome” means—

• (a) an ... certified aerodrome,

• (b) a Government aerodrome,

• (c) a national licensed aerodrome, or

• (d) an aerodrome that is prescribed, or of a description prescribed, for the purposes of this paragraph.

• (7) The “flight restriction zone of a protected aerodrome” is to be determined for the purposes of this article in accordance with the following table—

Type of protected aerodrome	The “flight restriction zone of a protected aerodrome”
A protected aerodrome which is—(a) an ... certified aerodrome,(b) a Government aerodrome, or(c) a national licensed aerodrome,and which has an aerodrome traffic zone.	The flight restriction zone of a protected aerodrome consists of—(a) the aerodrome traffic zone at the aerodrome,(b) any runway protection zones at the aerodrome, and(c) any additional boundary zones at the aerodrome.
A protected aerodrome which is—(a) an ... certified aerodrome,(b) a Government aerodrome, or(c) a national licensed aerodrome,but which does not have an aerodrome traffic zone.	The flight restriction zone of a protected aerodrome consists of the airspace extending from the surface to a height of 2,000 feet above the level of the aerodrome within the area bounded by a circle centred on the notified mid-point of the longest runway and having a radius of two nautical miles.But if the longest runway does not have a notified mid-point, the mid-point of that runway is to be used instead for the purposes of determining the flight restriction zone of a protected aerodrome.
A protected aerodrome that is prescribed, or of a description prescribed, under paragraph (6)(d).	The flight restriction zone of a protected aerodrome consists of the zone that is prescribed for the purposes of this paragraph.

Small unmanned aircraft: restrictions on flights that are over or near aerodromes

94B

• (1) This article makes provision about the meaning of expressions used in the definition of “flight restriction zone of a protected aerodrome” in article 94A(7) that applies in relation to a protected aerodrome which is—

• (a) an ... certified aerodrome,

• (b) a Government aerodrome, or

• (c) a national licensed aerodrome,

and which has an aerodrome traffic zone.

• (2) Subject to paragraph (4), there is one runway protection zone for each runway threshold of each runway at the aerodrome.

• (3) A “runway protection zone”, in relation to a runway threshold at the aerodrome, is the airspace extending from the surface to a height of 2,000 feet above the level of the aerodrome within the area bounded by a rectangle—

• (a) whose longer sides measure 5 km,

• (b) whose shorter sides measure—

• (i) 1 km (except in the case of Heathrow Airport), or;

• (ii) 1.5 km, in the case of Heathrow Airport, and

• (c) which is positioned so that—

• (i) one of the shorter sides of the rectangle (“side A”) runs across the runway threshold, and

• (ii) the two longer sides of the rectangle are parallel to, and equidistant from, the extended runway centre line as it extends from side A out to, and beyond, the runway end to which the runway threshold relates.

• (4) There is no runway protection zone—

• (a) for any runway threshold at the London Heliport;

• (b) for any runway threshold that is prescribed, or of a description prescribed, for the purposes of this paragraph.

• (5) The “runway threshold” of a runway at the aerodrome is the location that, for the purpose of demarcating the start of the portion of the runway that is useable for landing, is—

• (a) notified as the threshold of the runway, or

• (b) set out as the threshold of the runway in the UK military AIP.

• (6) The “extended runway centre line”, in relation to a runway at the aerodrome, is an imaginary straight line which runs for the length of the runway along its centre and then extends beyond both ends of the runway.

• (7) An “additional boundary zone” is the airspace extending from the surface to a height of 2,000 feet above the level of the aerodrome within any part of the area between—

• (a) the boundary of the aerodrome, and

• (b) a line that is 1 km from the boundary of the aerodrome (the “1 km line”),

that is neither within the aerodrome traffic zone nor within any runway protection zone at the aerodrome.

• (8) The 1 km line is to be drawn so that the area which is bounded by it includes every location that is 1 km from the boundary of the aerodrome, measured in any direction from any point on the boundary.

Certain small unmanned aircraft: registration as an SUA operator

94C

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Certain small unmanned aircraft: requirement for registration as SUA operator

94D

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Certain small unmanned aircraft: competency of remote pilots

94E

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Certain small unmanned aircraft: requirement for acknowledgement of competency

94F

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Meaning of “remote pilot” and “SUA operator”

94G

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Small unmanned surveillance aircraft

Rockets

CHAPTER 10

Provision of Part-ORO	Subject matter
ORO.GEN.135(b)	Continued validity of an AOC
ORO.GEN.215	Facility requirements
ORO.MLR.110	Journey log
ORO.MLR.115	Record-keeping
ORO.FTL.240	Nutrition
ORO.FTL.245	Records of home base, flight times, duty and rest periods

CHAPTER 11

Provision of Part-ORO	Subject matter
ORO.GEN.110(a) to (i) inclusive	Operator responsibilities
ORO.GEN.120(b) to (d) inclusive	Means of compliance
ORO.GEN.130	Changes related to an AOC holder
ORO.GEN.140	Access
ORO.GEN.150(c)	Findings
ORO.GEN.155	Immediate reaction to a safety problem
ORO.GEN.200	Management system
ORO.GEN.205	Contracted activities
ORO.GEN.210	Personnel requirements
ORO.GEN.220	Record-keeping
ORO.AOC.110(b) and (f)	Leasing agreement
ORO.AOC.115	Code-share agreements
ORO.AOC.125(a)	Non-commercial operations of aircraft listed in the operations specifications by the holder of an AOC
ORO.AOC.130	Flight data monitoring–aeroplanes
ORO.AOC.135	Personnel requirements
ORO.AOC.140	Facility requirements
ORO.AOC.150	Documentation requirements
ORO.SPO.100	Common requirements for commercial specialised operators
ORO.MLR.100 (other than (c) and (h))	Operations manual – general
ORO.MLR.105	Minimum equipment list
ORO.FC.100 (other than (d))	Composition of flight crew
ORO.FC.105 (other than ( e ))	Designation as pilot-in-command/commander
ORO.FC.110	Flight engineer
ORO.FC.115	Crew resource management (CRM) training
ORO.FC.120	Operator conversion training
ORO.FC.125	Differences training and familiarisation training
ORO.FC.130	Recurrent training and checking
ORO.FC.135	Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat
ORO.FC.140	Operation on more than one type or variant
ORO.FC.145	Provision of training
ORO.FC.200	Composition of flight crew
ORO.FC.A.201	In-flight relief of flight crew members
ORO.FC.202	Single-pilot operations under IFR or at night
ORO.FC.205	Command course
ORO.FC.215	Initial operator’s crew resource management (CRM) training
ORO.FC.220	Operator conversion training and checking
ORO.FC.230	Recurrent training and checking
ORO.FC.235	Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat - aeroplanes
ORO.FC.236	Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat - helicopters
ORO.FC.240 ...	Operation on more than one type or variant
ORO.FC.A.245 (other than (a) and (e))	Alternative training and qualification programme
ORO.FC.A.250(a)	Commanders holding a CPL(A)
ORO.FC.H.250	Commanders holding a CPL(H)
ORO.FC.330	Recurrent training and checking – operator proficiency check
ORO.CC.100	Number and composition of cabin crew
ORO.CC.110	Conditions for assignment to duties
ORO.CC.115	Conduct of training courses and associated checking
ORO.CC.120	Initial training course
ORO.CC.125	Aircraft type specific training and operator conversion training
ORO.CC.130	Differences training
ORO.CC.135	Familiarisation
ORO.CC.140	Recurrent training
ORO.CC.145	Refresher training
ORO.CC.200	Senior cabin crew member
ORO.CC.205	Reduction of the number of cabin crew during ground operations and in unforeseen circumstances
ORO.CC.210	Additional conditions for assignment to duties
ORO.CC.215	Training and checking programs and related documentation
ORO.CC.250	Operation on more than one aircraft type or variant
ORO.CC.255	Single cabin crew member operations
ORO.TC.105	Conditions for assignment to duties
ORO.TC.110	Training and checking
ORO.TC.115	Initial training
ORO.TC.120	Operator conversion training
ORO.TC.125	Differences training
ORO.TC.130	Familiarisation flights
ORO.TC.135	Recurrent training
ORO.TC.140	Refresher training
ORO.FTL.115	Crew member responsibilities
ORO.FTL.120	Fatigue risk management (FRM)
ORO.FTL.125	Flight time specification schemes
ORO.FTL.200	Home base
ORO.FTL.205	Flight duty period (FDP)
ORO.FTL.220	Split duty
ORO.FTL.225(a), (e) and (f)	Standby and duties at the airport
ORO.FTL.230	Reserve
ORO.FTL.235	Rest periods
ORO.FTL.250	Fatigue management training

CHAPTER 12

Provision of Part-ORO	Subject matter
ORO.GEN.110(j) to (k) inclusive	Operator responsibilities
ORO.GEN.125	Terms of approval and privileges of an AOC holder
ORO.GEN.160	Occurrence reporting
ORO.AOC.100(a)	Application for an air operator certificate
ORO.AOC.120(a) and (b)	Approvals to provide cabin crew training and to issue cabin crew attestations
ORO.DEC.100	Declaration
ORO.SPO.110(a)	Authorisation of high risk commercial specialised operations
ORO.SPO.115	Changes
ORO.SPO.120	Continued validity
ORO.SEC.100	Flight crew compartment security – aeroplanes
ORO.SEC.105	Flight crew compartment security – helicopters
ORO.FTL.110	Operator responsibilities
ORO.FTL.210	Flight times and duty periods

Small unmanned aircraft: permissions for certain flights

Interpretation of expressions used in the definition of “flight restriction zone of a protected aerodrome”

Issue of airworthiness directives for Part-21 aircraft

Meaning of “non-Part-21 aircraft” in this Part

Certain unmanned aircraft: permission for flights that are over or near aerodromes

Fatigue of crew – responsibilities of ... Part-CAT operators

Requirement to use national licensed, ... certified or Government aerodrome

Technical log for non-Part-21 aircraft

Decisions under article 250(1A) and (1B)

250A

• (1) This article applies to decisions of the Secretary of State—

• (a) under article 250(1A); and

• (b) under article 250(1B), to amend or revoke a decision under article 250(1A).

• (2) The Secretary of State may make a decision to which this article applies after having given notice to the air operator concerned and having considered any representations made by that air operator.

• (3) The Secretary of State may without notice make a decision to which this article applies for reasons of urgency, in which case paragraph (4) applies.

• (4) Where this paragraph applies, the Secretary of State must consider any representations made subsequently by the air operator concerned, and in response to such representations may—

• (a) confirm the decision made, with or without modification; or

• (b) revoke the decision made.

• (5) If acting under paragraph (4), the Secretary of State must act as soon as reasonably practicable.

Filing and approval of tariffs

Restriction on commercial operations in aircraft registered elsewhere than in the United Kingdom

Offences: Contravention of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 on the rules and procedures for the operation of unmanned aircraft – UAS operator

265A

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Offences: Contravention of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 on the rules and procedures for the operation of unmanned aircraft – remote pilot

265B

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Offence: registration of certified unmanned aircraft

265C

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minimum age requirements: UAS operators and remote pilots

265D

• (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (3) A UAS operator must not cause or permit an unmanned aircraft other than a tethered small unmanned aircraft to be flown by a remote pilot who does not meet the minimum age for operating a UAS required by Article 9 of the Unmanned Aircraft Implementing Regulation, subject to paragraphs (1) and (2).

• (4) A UAS operator who contravenes paragraph (3) is guilty of an offence.

• (5) Paragraphs (3) and (4) cease to have effect on IP completion day.

• (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Offences: tethered small unmanned aircraft

265E

• (1) A UAS operator must not cause or permit a tethered small unmanned aircraft to be flown, unless the following requirements of the Unmanned Aircraft Implementing Regulation are complied with in relation to the tethered small unmanned aircraft—

• (a) Article 14(5) (registration);

• (b) Article 14(8) (display of registration number);

• (c) Article 19(2) (reporting safety occurrences);

• (d) point UAS.OPEN.050(3) of Part A of the Annex (designation of remote pilot);

• (e) point UAS.OPEN.050(5) of Part A of the Annex (geo-awareness updates).

• (2) Subject to paragraph (3), a remote pilot must not fly a tethered small unmanned aircraft unless the following requirements of the Unmanned Aircraft Implementing Regulation are complied with in relation to the tethered small unmanned aircraft—

• (a) where the tethered small unmanned aircraft has a MTOM of less than 250g, the following provisions of Part A of the Annex to that Regulation—

• (i) point UAS.OPEN.010(2) (maximum operating height);

• (ii) point UAS.OPEN.020(2) (overflight of people);

• (iii) point UAS.OPEN.060(1)(d) (certain safety checks);

• (iv) point UAS.OPEN.060(2)(a) (fitness to fly);

• (v) point UAS.OPEN.060(2)(b), insofar as it requires the remote pilot to keep the unmanned aircraft in visual line of sight;

• (vi) point UAS.OPEN.060(2)(b), insofar as it relates to discontinuing the flight in certain circumstances;

• (vii) point UAS.OPEN.060(2)(c) (geographical zones);

• (viii) point UAS.OPEN.060(3) (flights close to emergency response);

• (b) where the tethered small unmanned aircraft has a MTOM 250g or more, the following provisions of Part A of that Annex—

• (i) point UAS.OPEN.010(2) (maximum operating height);

• (ii) point UAS.OPEN.020(4)(b) (competency);

• (iia) point UAS.OPEN.040(A1) (horizontal distance from uninvolved persons);

• (iii) point UAS.OPEN.040(1) (overflight of people);

• (iv) point UAS.OPEN.040(2) (horizontal distance from certain areas);

• (iva) point UAS.OPEN.040(2A) (horizontal distance from buildings);

• (v) point UAS.OPEN.060(1)(a) insofar as relates to carrying proof of competency;

• (vi) point UAS.OPEN.060(1)(d) (certain safety checks);

• (vii) point UAS.OPEN.060(2)(a) (fitness to fly);

• (viii) point UAS.OPEN.060(2)(b), insofar as it requires the remote pilot to keep the unmanned aircraft in visual line of sight;

• (ix) point UAS.OPEN.060(2)(b), insofar as it relates to discontinuing the flight in certain circumstances;

• (x) point UAS.OPEN.060(2)(c) (geographical zones);

• (xi) point UAS.OPEN.060(3) (flights close to emergency response).

• (3) A remote pilot may fly a tethered small unmanned aircraft in a manner not in compliance with the requirements specified in paragraphs (2)(a)(i), (2)(a)(ii), (2)(a)(v), (2)(b)(i), (2)(b)(iia), (2)(b)(iii), (2)(b)(iv) , (2)(b)(iva) and (2)(b)(viii) provided that flight or that part of that flight is in accordance with a permission issued by the CAA to the UAS operator.

• (4) For the purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), any reference to an “unmanned aircraft” or “UAS” in the Unmanned Aircraft Implementing Regulation is to be read as if it includes a tethered small unmanned aircraft or a system that includes such an aircraft.

• (5) The UAS operator or a remote pilot of a tethered small unmanned aircraft must not cause or permit—

• (a) any material to be dropped from, or dangerous goods to be carried on, the aircraft during flight;

• (b) the aircraft to be flown where the limit imposed by the restraining device is more than 25m long,

other than in accordance with a permission issued by the CAA to the UAS operator.

• (6) The UAS operator must not cause or permit a tethered small unmanned aircraft to be flown unless the UAS operator has reasonably formed the view that the remote pilot of the aircraft complies with the requirement specified in paragraph (2)(b)(ii) in relation to that flight.

• (7) Any person who contravenes paragraph (1), (2), (5) or (6) is guilty of an offence.

• (8) In this article, “dangerous goods” and “MTOM” have the meanings assigned to them in Article 2 of the Unmanned Aircraft Implementing Regulation.

Penalties

265F

• (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (5) Any person guilty of an offence under article 265E(7) is liable on summary conviction to a fine—

• (a) not exceeding level 2 on the standard scale if the offence relates to the requirement in article 265E(2)(b)(v) (requirement for remote pilot to carry proof of competency);

• (b) not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale if the offence relates to a requirement referred to in—

• (i) article 265E(1)(a) (registration);

• (ii) article 265E(1)(b) (display of registration number);

• (iii) article 265E(1)(d) (designation of remote pilot);

• (iv) article 265E(1)(e) (geo-awareness updates);

• (v) article 265E(2)(b)(ii) (competency); or

• (vi) article 265E(6) (remote pilot competency);

• (c) not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale in any other case.

Exemption from Order

Appeal to County Court or Sheriff Court

Approval of persons to supply reports

Certificates, authorisations, approvals and permissions

Competent authority

Functions under the Basic EASA Regulation to be exercised by the CAA

Functions under the EASA Aircrew Regulation to be exercised by the CAA

Functions under the Occurrence Reporting Regulation to be exercised by the CAA

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Equipment of non-Part-21 aircraft

Fixed penalty offences

265G

In the case of an offence under any provision of this Order which is prescribed under paragraph 2(2) of Schedule 10 to the Air Traffic Management and Unmanned Aircraft Act 2021, this Order has effect subject to Schedule 10 to that Act (fixed penalties for certain offences relating to unmanned aircraft).

Exemption from Order

Appeal to County Court or Sheriff Court

Approval of persons to supply reports

Certificates, authorisations, approvals and permissions

Competent authority

Functions under the Basic EASA Regulation to be exercised by the CAA

Functions under the EASA Aircrew Regulation to be exercised by the CAA

Functions under the Occurrence Reporting Regulation to be exercised by the CAA

Certain unmanned aircraft: permission for flights that are over or near space sites

94BA

• (1) If the permission that is required under paragraph (2) for a flight, or a part of a flight, by an unmanned aircraft has not been obtained—

• (a) the UAS operator must not cause or permit the unmanned aircraft to be flown on that flight or that part of the flight, and

• (b) the remote pilot must not fly the unmanned aircraft on that flight or that part of the flight.

• (2) Subject to paragraph (3), permission for a flight, or part of a flight, by an unmanned aircraft in the flight restriction zone of a protected space site is required from the operator of the protected space site.

• (3) Permission is not required under paragraph (2) for a flight, or a part of a flight, by an unmanned aircraft subject to certification.

• (4) In this article—

• “protected space site” means—a spaceport, as defined by section 3(2) of the Space Industry Act 2018, oran installation at sea, at which controlled and planned landings of spacecraft take place or are to take place, which can be moved from place to place without major dismantling or modification,

which is not a certified aerodrome, a Government aerodrome or a national licensed aerodrome;

• “spacecraft” has the meaning given in section 2(6) of the Space Industry Act 2018.

• (5) The “flight restriction zone of a protected space site” consists of the airspace extending from the surface to a height of 2,000 feet above the level of the protected space site within the area bounded by a circle centred on the mid-point of the launch pad that has the largest area and which has a radius of five kilometres.

Certain small unmanned aircraft: registration as an SUA operator

Certain small unmanned aircraft: requirement for registration as SUA operator

Certain small unmanned aircraft: competency of remote pilots

Certain small unmanned aircraft: requirement for acknowledgement of competency

Meaning of “remote pilot” and “SUA operator”

Small unmanned surveillance aircraft

Rockets

4

• (1) “Microlight aeroplane” means an aircraft described in sub-paragraph (2), (3), (4) or (5).

• (2) An aircraft is a microlight aeroplane if it is a non-Part 21 aircraft, other than an unmanned aircraft, that is designed to carry not more than two persons, which—

• (a) has a stalling speed, or maximum steady flight speed in the landing configuration, at the maximum take-off mass not exceeding 35 knots calibrated airspeed; and

• (b) has a maximum take-off mass not exceeding—

• (i) 450kg for a two-seat landplane;

• (ii) 495kg for a two-seat amphibian or floatplane; or

• (iii) 475kg for a two-seat landplane equipped with an airframe mounted total recovery parachute system.

• (3) An aircraft is a microlight aeroplane if it is a non-Part 21 aircraft, other than an unmanned aircraft, that is designed to carry not more than two persons, which—

• (a) is of an approved design;

• (b) either has, or has been subsequently modified to have, a stalling speed, or minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration, at the maximum take-off mass not exceeding 45 knots calibrated airspeed; and

• (c) either has, or has been subsequently modified to have, a maximum take-off mass not exceeding—

• (i) 600kg for a landplane; or

• (ii) 650kg for an amphibian or floatplane.

• (4) An aircraft is a microlight aeroplane if it is a single-seat deregulated aeroplane.

• (5) An aircraft is a microlight aeroplane if it is being flown, or is intended to be flown, for the purpose of a flight test to establish that it complies with the requirements of sub-paragraph (2), (3) or (4).

• (6) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (3)(a), an “approved design” is a design which is approved by the CAA for the purposes of the issue of a permit to fly under article 40.

CHAPTER 3 — Notifications relating to en-route obstacles

Notifications relating to en-route obstacles

225A

• (1) In respect of an existing en-route obstacle, the relevant person must, as soon as reasonably practicable, notify the CAA in writing of—

• (a) the obstacle’s type;

• (b) the obstacle’s position, represented by geographical coordinates in degrees, minutes and seconds;

• (c) the obstacle’s elevation above mean sea level and height above ground level to the nearest metre or foot; and

• (d) the type and colour of any obstacle lighting.

• (2) Paragraph (1) does not apply where the CAA has already been notified.

• (3) In respect of planned works which have a confirmed commencement date, the relevant person must notify the CAA in writing of the information specified in paragraph (4) in accordance with paragraph (5).

• (4) The information referred to in paragraph (3) is—

• (a) the obstacle’s type, or planned type;

• (b) the obstacle’s position, represented by geographical coordinates in degrees, minutes and seconds;

• (c) the obstacle’s elevation above mean sea level and height above ground level to the nearest metre or foot prior to and upon completion of the necessary works;

• (d) the type and colour of any lighting to be fitted to it, or to be removed from it; and

• (e) the scheduled dates of commencement and completion of the works.

• (5) Notice under paragraph (3) must be given—

• (a) at least 8 weeks before the commencement of the planned works; or

• (b) as soon as reasonably practicable where there is insufficient time to give 8 weeks’ notice or there is an urgent need to commence the planned works.

• (6) The relevant person must notify the CAA in writing of the completion of the planned works and whether there has been any change to the information provided under paragraph (4) no later than 30 days after the completion of the works.

• (7) In this article—

• “en-route obstacle” means any building, structure or erection, the height of which is 100 metres or more above ground level;

• “planned works” means works to—erect a new en-route obstacle;increase the height of an existing en-route obstacle;decrease the height of an existing en-route obstacle;develop an existing building, structure or erection into an en-route obstacle;remove an existing en-route obstacle;fit obstacle lighting to an en-route obstacle; orremove previously fitted obstacle lighting from an en-route obstacle;

• “relevant person” means—in relation to paragraph (1), the person in charge of an existing en-route obstacle;in relation to paragraphs (3) and (6), the person in charge of the planned works which would, on completion of those works, result in the creation, modification or removal of an en-route obstacle.

Operator responsibilities in relation to communications

115A

The operator must ensure that an aircraft operated as a controlled flight shall maintain continuous air-ground voice communication watch on the appropriate communication channel of, and establish two-way communication as necessary with, the appropriate air traffic control unit, or else follow alternative instructions given by the appropriate air traffic control unit in respect of aircraft forming part of aerodrome traffic at a controlled aerodrome.

Aerobatic rating

153A

The holder of a United Kingdom licence or National Private Pilot’s Licence (aeroplane) first issued after 30th September 2025 is not entitled to act as pilot in command of an aeroplane whilst aerobatic manoeuvres are conducted unless the licence includes an aerobatic rating in accordance with Chapter 2 of Part 2 of Schedule 8.

Maintenance of privileges of aircraft ratings for United Kingdom aeroplane and helicopter licences specified in Chapter 2 of Part 1 of Schedule 8

Maintenance of privileges of other certificates and ratings specified in Chapter 1 or Chapter 2 of Part 2 of Schedule 8

Maintenance of privileges of certificates and ratings included in a National Private Pilot’s Licence or Light Aircraft Pilot’s Licence

Maintenance of privileges of Flight Engineers' Licences

Maintenance of privileges of Flight Navigators' Licences

Declared training organisation

168A

• (1) A person may provide a course of training as required under articles 152 and 153 for the grant of a licence or rating where they have completed a declaration as required by this article and that declaration has been accepted by the CAA.

• (2) A declaration must contain at least the following information—

• (a) the name of the declarant;

• (b) the declarant’s principal place of business in the United Kingdom;

• (c) the contact details of the aerodromes and the operating sites of the declarant;