Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to civil aviation aircrew pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council Text with EEA relevance

• — Integrate Threat and Error Management (TEM) and crew resource management,

• — Manage time to achieve training objectives,

• — Facilitate learning,

• — Assess trainee performance,

• — Monitor and review progress,

• — Evaluate training sessions,

• — Report outcome.

FCL.925   Additional requirements for instructors for the MPL

• (a) Instructors conducting training for the MPL shall:

• (1) have successfully completed an MPL instructor training course at an ATO; and

• (2) additionally, for the basic, intermediate and advanced phases of the MPL integrated training course:
• (i) be experienced in multi-pilot operations; and
• (ii) have completed initial crew resource management training with a commercial air transport operator approved in accordance with the applicable air operations requirements.

• (b) MPL instructors training course

• (1)The MPL instructor training course shall comprise at least 14 hours of training.

• Upon completion of the training course, the applicant shall undertake an assessment of instructor competencies and of knowledge of the competency-based approach to training.

• (2)The assessment shall consist of a practical demonstration of flight instruction in the appropriate phase of the MPL training course. This assessment shall be conducted by an examiner qualified in accordance with Subpart K.

• (3)Upon successful completion of the MPL training course, the ATO shall issue an MPL instructor qualification certificate to the applicant.

• (c) In order to maintain the privileges, the instructor shall have, within the preceding 12 months, conducted within an MPL training course:

• (1) 1 simulator session of at least 3 hours; or

• (2) 1 air exercise of at least 1 hour comprising at least 2 take-offs and landings.

• (d) If the instructor has not fulfilled the requirements of (c), before exercising the privileges to conduct flight instruction for the MPL he/she shall:

• (1) receive refresher training at an ATO to reach the level of competence necessary to pass the assessment of instructor competencies; and

• (2) pass the assessment of instructor competencies as set out in (b)(2).

FCL.930   Training course

• (a) An applicant for an instructor certificate shall have completed a course of theoretical knowledge and flight instruction at an ATO.

• (b) In addition to the specific elements set out in this Annex (Part-FCL) for each category of instructor, the training course shall contain the elements required in point FCL.920.

FCL.935   Assessment of competence

• (a) Except for the multi-crew cooperation instructor (MCCI), the synthetic training instructor (STI), the mountain rating instructor (MI) and the flight test instructor (FTI), an applicant for an instructor certificate shall pass an assessment of competence in the appropriate aircraft category, in the relevant class or type or in the appropriate FSTD, to demonstrate to an examiner qualified in accordance with Subpart K of this Annex the ability to instruct a student pilot to the level required for the issue of the relevant licence, rating or certificate.

• (b) This assessment shall include:

• (1) the demonstration of the competencies described in FCL.920, during pre-flight, post-flight and theoretical knowledge instruction;

• (2) oral theoretical examinations on the ground, pre-flight and post-flight briefings and in-flight demonstrations in the appropriate aircraft class, type or FSTD;

• (3) exercises adequate to evaluate the instructor’s competencies.

• (c) The assessment shall be performed on the same class or type of aircraft or FSTD used for the flight instruction.

• (d) When an assessment of competence is required for revalidation of an instructor certificate, an applicant who fails to achieve a pass in the assessment before the expiry date of an instructor certificate shall not exercise the privileges of that certificate until the assessment has successfully been completed.

FCL.940   Validity of instructor certificates

With the exception of the MI, and without prejudice to points FCL.900 (b)(1) and FCL.915 (e)(2), instructor certificates shall be valid for a period of 3 years.

FCL.945   Obligations for instructors

Upon completion of the training flight for the revalidation of an SEP aeroplane or TMG class rating in accordance with point FCL.740.A(b)(1)(ii)(C) or for the revalidation of a single-engine helicopter type rating in accordance with point FCL.740.H(a)(2)(ii)(B), and only in the event of fulfilment of all the other revalidation criteria required by point FCL.740.A(b)(1)(ii) or point FCL.740.H(a)(2)(ii), as applicable, the instructor shall endorse the applicant’s licence with the new expiry date of the rating, if specifically authorised for that purpose by the competent authority responsible for the applicant’s licence.

SECTION 2

Specific requirements for the flight instructor — FI

FCL.905.FI   FI — Privileges and conditions

The privileges of FIs are to conduct flight instruction for the issue, revalidation or renewal of:

• (a) a PPL, LAPL and GPL in the appropriate aircraft category;

• (b) class and type ratings for single-pilot aircraft, except for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes;

• (c) class and type ratings for single-pilot aeroplanes, except for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes, in multi-pilot operations, provided that FIs meet any of the following conditions:
• (1) hold or have held a TRI certificate for multi-pilot aeroplanes;
• (2) have completed all of the following:
• (i) at least 500 hours as pilots in multi-pilot operations on aeroplanes;
• (ii) the training course for an MCCI in accordance with point FCL.930.MCCI;

• (d) type ratings for single or multi-pilot airships;

• (e) a CPL in the appropriate aircraft category, provided that FIs have completed at least 200 hours of flight instruction in that aircraft category;

• (f) the night rating, provided that FIs meet all of the following conditions:
• (1) are qualified to fly at night in the appropriate aircraft category;
• (2) have demonstrated the ability to instruct at night to an FI qualified in accordance with point (j);
• (3) comply with the night experience requirement laid down in point FCL.060(b)(2);

• (g) a towing or aerobatic rating, provided that such privileges are held and the FI has demonstrated the ability to instruct for that rating to an FI who is qualified in accordance with point (j);

• (h) a BIR or an IR in the appropriate aircraft category, provided that FI meets the following conditions:
• (1) they have completed as student pilots the IRI training course and have passed an assessment of competence for the IRI certificate;
• (2) they comply with points FCL.915.CRI(a), FCL.930.CRI and FCL.935 in the case of multi-engine aeroplanes and with points FCL.910.TRI(c)(1) and FCL.915.TRI(d)(2) in the case of multi-engine helicopters; In addition to conditions (1) and (2):
• (3) if during an approved training course at an ATO, the FI is providing training in FSTDs or supervising SPIC training flights that take place under IFR, the FI shall have completed at least 50 hours of flight time under IFR after the issuance of the BIR or the IR, of which a maximum of 10 hours may be instrument ground time in an FFS, an FTD 2/3 or an FNPT II,;
• (4) if the FI is providing training in an aircraft, the FI shall have completed at least 200 hours of flight time under IFR, of which up to 50 hours may be instrument ground time in an FFS, an FTD 2/3 or an FNPT II;

• (i) single-pilot multi-engine class or type ratings, except for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes, provided that they meet the following conditions:
• (1) in the case of aeroplanes, comply with points FCL.915.CRI(a), FCL.930.CRI and FCL.935;
• (2) in the case of helicopters, comply with points FCL.910.TRI(c)(1) and FCL.915.TRI(d)(2);

• (j) an FI, an IRI, a CRI, an STI or an MI certificate provided that they meet all of the following conditions:
• (1) they have completed at least 500 hours of flight instruction in the appropriate aircraft category;
• (2) they have passed an assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935 in the appropriate aircraft category to demonstrate to a flight instructor examiner (FIE) the ability to instruct for the relevant certificate;

• (k) an MPL, provided that the FIs meet all of the following conditions:
• (1) for the core flying phase of the training, have completed at least 500 hours of flight time as a pilot of aeroplanes, including at least 200 hours of flight instruction;
• (2) for the basic phase of the training:
• (i) hold a multi-engine aeroplane IR and the privilege to instruct for an IR;
• (ii) have completed at least 1 500 hours of flight time in multi-crew operations;
• (3) in the case of FIs already qualified to instruct on ATP(A) or CPL(A)/IR integrated courses, the requirement in point (2)(ii) may be replaced by the completion of a structured course of training consisting of:
• (i) MCC qualification;
• (ii) observation of five sessions of flight instruction in Phase 3 of an MPL course;
• (iii) observation of five sessions of flight instruction in Phase 4 of an MPL course;
• (iv) observation of five operator recurrent line-oriented flight training sessions;
• (v) the content of the MCCI course.

In this case, FIs shall conduct their first five instructor sessions under the supervision of a TRI(A), an MCCI(A) or an SFI(A) qualified for MPL flight instruction.

FCL.910.FI   FI — Restricted privileges

• (a) An FI shall have his or her privileges limited to conducting flight instruction under the supervision of an FI for the same category of aircraft nominated by the DTO or the ATO for this purpose, in the following cases:

• (1) for the issue of the PPL and LAPL;

• (2) in all integrated courses at PPL level, in case of aeroplanes and helicopters;

• (3) for class and type ratings for single-pilot, single-engine aircraft, except for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes;

• (4) for the night, towing or aerobatic ratings.

• (b) While conducting training under supervision, in accordance with (a), the FI shall not have the privilege to authorise student pilots to conduct first solo flights and first solo cross-country flights.

• (c) The limitations in (a) and (b) shall be removed from the FI certificate when the FI has completed at least:

• (1) for the FI(A), 100 hours of flight instruction in aeroplanes or TMGs and, in addition has supervised at least 25 student solo flights;

• (2) for the FI(H) 100 hours of flight instruction in helicopters and, in addition has supervised at least 25 student solo flight air exercises;

• (3) for the FI(As), 15 hours or 50 take-offs of flight instruction covering the full training syllabus for the issue of a PPL(As);

• (4) for the FI(G):
• (i) 100 hours of flight instruction in gyroplanes and, in addition, has supervised at least 25 solo flights;
• (ii) in the case of an FI(G) who also holds an FI(A) or FI(H) certificate and complies with points (1) or (2), as applicable, 25 hours of flight instruction in gyroplanes and, in addition, has supervised at least 10 student solo flights.

FCL.915.FI   FI — Prerequisites

An applicant for an FI certificate shall:

• (a) in the case of the FI(A), FI(H) and FI(G):
• (1) have received at least 10 hours of instrument flight instruction on the appropriate aircraft category, of which not more than 5 hours may be instrument ground time in an FSTD;
• (2) have completed 20 hours of VFR cross-country flight on the appropriate aircraft category as PIC; and

• (b) additionally, for the FI(A):
• (1) hold at least a CPL(A); or
• (2) hold at least a PPL(A), or hold an MPL with additional PPL privileges in accordance with point FCL.405.A(b)(1), and have complied with the following conditions:
• (i) except for an FI(A) providing training for the LAPL(A) only, passed the CPL theoretical knowledge examination, which may be taken without completing a CPL theoretical knowledge training course and which in that case shall not be valid for any of the following:
• (A) the issue of a CPL;
• (B) receiving credits for CPL theoretical knowledge in accordance with point FCL.035 and Appendix 1;
• (ii) completed at least 200 hours of flight time on aeroplanes or TMGs, of which 150 hours as PIC;
• (3) have completed at least 30 hours in the class or type of aeroplane used for the FI(A) training course, of which at least 5 hours shall have been completed during the 6 months preceding the pre-entry flight assessment set out in point FCL.930.FI(a);
• (4) have completed a VFR cross-country flight as PIC, including a flight of at least 540 km (300 NM) in the course of which full stop landings at 2 different aerodromes shall be made;

• (c) additionally, for the FI(H), have completed 250 hours total flight time as pilot on helicopters of which:
• (1) at least 100 hours shall be as PIC, if the applicant holds at least a CPL(H); or
• (2) at least 200 hours as PIC if the applicant holds at least a PPL(H) and has passed the CPL theoretical knowledge examination, which may be taken without completing a CPL theoretical knowledge training course and which shall not be valid for the issue of a CPL;

• (ca) additionally, for the FI(G), have completed at least 150 hours of flight time on gyroplanes, of which at least 100 hours as PIC;

• (d) for an FI(As), have completed 500 hours of flight time on airships as PIC, of which 400 hours shall be as PIC holding a CPL(As).

FCL.930.FI   FI — Training course

• (a) Applicants for the FI certificate shall, at an ATO, have passed a specific pre-entry flight assessment with an FI qualified in accordance with point FCL.905.FI(j) within the 6 months preceding the start of the course, to assess their ability to undertake the course. That pre-entry flight assessment shall be based on the proficiency check for the class and type ratings as set out in Appendix 9.

• (b) The FI training course shall include:

• (1) 25 hours of teaching and learning;

• (2) at least 100 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction, including progress tests;

• (3) - (i) in the case of an FI(A), (H) and (G), at least 30 hours of flight instruction, of which 25 hours shall be dual flight instruction, of which 5 hours may be conducted in an FFS, an FNPT I or II, or an FTD 2/3;
• (ii) in the case of an FI(As), at least 20 hours of flight instruction, of which 15 hours shall be dual flight instruction; —————

• (c) Applicants for an FI certificate in another category of aircraft who are holding or have held an FI(A), (H), (As) or (G) shall be credited with 55 hours towards the requirement in point (b)(2).

• (d) Applicants for an FI(G) certificate that hold or have held an FI(A), (H) or (As) certificate shall be credited with 15 hours towards the requirement in point (b)(3)(i), of which a maximum of 10 hours shall be a credit towards the dual instruction time.

• (e) Applicants for the FI certificate who hold or have held any other instructor certificate issued in accordance with this Annex shall be deemed to meet the requirements in point (b)(1).

FCL.940.FI   FI — Revalidation and renewal

• (a)Revalidation

• (1) To revalidate an FI certificate, holders shall fulfil at least two out of the three following requirements before the expiry date of the FI certificate:
• (i) they have completed:
• (A) in the case of an FI(A) and an FI(H), at least 50 hours of flight instruction in the appropriate aircraft category as FIs, TRIs, CRIs, IRIs MIs or examiners. If the privileges to instruct for the BIR and the IR are to be revalidated, 10 of those 50 hours shall be flight instruction for a BIR or an IR and shall have been completed within the last 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the FI certificate;
• (B) in the case of an FI(As), at least 20 hours of flight instruction in airships as FIs, IRIs or as examiners. If the privileges to instruct for the IR are to be revalidated, 10 of those hours shall be flight instruction for an IR and shall have been completed in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the FI certificate;
• (C) in the case of an FI(G), at least 50 hours of flight instruction in gyroplanes as FIs or as examiners; —————
• (ii) they have completed instructor refresher training as an FI at an ATO or at the competent authority;
• (iii) they have passed an assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935 in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the FI certificate.

• (2) For at least each alternate revalidation, in the case of FI(A), FI(H) or FI(G), or each third revalidation, in the case of FI(As), holders of the relevant FI certificate shall pass an assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935.

• (b)Renewal.

• If the FI certificate has expired, applicants shall, within a period of 12 months before the application date for the renewal, complete instructor refresher training as an FI at an ATO or at a competent authority and complete an assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935.

SECTION 4

Specific requirements for the type rating instructor — TRI

FCL.905.TRI   TRI – Privileges and conditions

• (a) The privileges of a TRI are to instruct for:
• (1) the revalidation and renewal of an IR, provided the TRI holds a valid IR;
• (2) the issue of a TRI or SFI certificate, provided that the holder meets all of the following conditions:
• (i) has at least 50 hours of instructional experience as a TRI or SFI in accordance with this Regulation or Regulation (EU) No 965/2012;
• (ii) has conducted the flight instruction syllabus of the relevant part of the TRI training course in accordance with point FCL.930.TRI(ab)(3) to the satisfaction of the head of training of an ATO;
• (3) in the case of the TRI for single-pilot aeroplanes:
• (i) the issue, revalidation and renewal of type ratings for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes provided that the applicant seeks privileges to operate in single-pilot operations. The privileges of the TRI(SPA) may be extended to flight instruction for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplane type ratings in multi-pilot operations, provided that the TRI meets any of the following conditions:
• (A) holds or has held a TRI certificate for multi-pilot aeroplanes;
• (B) has at least 500 hours on aeroplanes in multi-pilot operations and completed an MCCI training course in accordance with point FCL.930.MCCI;
• (ii) the MPL course on the basic phase, provided that he or she has the privileges extended to multi-pilot operations and holds or has held an FI(A) or an IRI(A) certificate;
• (4) in the case of the TRI for multi-pilot aeroplanes:
• (i) the issue, revalidation and renewal of type ratings for:
• (A) multi-pilot aeroplanes;
• (B) single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes when the applicant seeks privileges to operate in multi-pilot operations;
• (ii) MCC training;
• (iii) the MPL course on the basic, intermediate and advanced phases, provided that, for the basic phase, he or she holds or has held an FI(A) or IRI(A) certificate;
• (5) in the case of the TRI for helicopters:
• (i) the issue, revalidation and renewal of helicopter type ratings;
• (ii) MCC training, provided that he or she has completed 350 hours of flight time as a pilot in multi-pilot operations in any aircraft category. —————
• (6) in the case of the TRI for powered-lift aircraft:
• (i) the issue, revalidation and renewal of powered-lift type ratings;
• (ii) MCC training.

• (b) The privileges of a TRI include privileges to conduct EBT practical assessment at an EBT operator, provided that the instructor complies with the requirements of Annex III (Part-ORO) to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 for EBT instructor standardisation at that EBT operator.

FCL.910.TRI   TRI — Restricted privileges

• (a)General. If the TRI training is carried out in FSTDs only, the privileges of TRIs shall be restricted to training in FSTDs. This restriction shall however include the following privileges for conducting, in the aircraft:

• (1) LIFUS, provided that the TRI training course has included the relevant training specified in point FCL.930.TRI(ab)(4)

• (2) landing training, provided that the TRI training course has included the relevant training specified in point FCL.930.TRI(ab)(4); or

• (3) the training flight specified in point FCL.060(c)(2), provided that the TRI training course has included the training referred to in points (a)(1) or (a)(2).

• The restriction to FSTD shall be removed if TRIs have completed an assessment of competence in the aircraft.

• (b)TRIs for aeroplanes and for powered-lift aircraft — TRI(A) and TRI(PL). The privileges of TRIs are restricted to the type of aeroplane or powered-lift aircraft in which the training and the assessment of competence were conducted. Unless otherwise determined in the OSD, to extend the privileges of TRIs to further types, TRIs shall have:

• (1) completed within the 12 months preceding the application, at least 15 route sectors, including take-offs and landings on the applicable aircraft type, of which of maximum of 7 sectors may be completed in an FSTD;

• (2) completed the relevant parts of the technical training and the flight instruction parts of the applicable TRI course;

• (3) passed the relevant sections of the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935 in order to demonstrate to an FIE or a TRE qualified in accordance with Subpart K to this Annex their ability to instruct a pilot to the level required for the issue of a type rating, including pre-flight, post-flight and theoretical knowledge instruction.

• The privileges of TRIs shall be extended to further variants, provided that they comply with point FCL.710 in those other variants and, where applicable, the elements set out in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 for those variants.

• (c)TRIs for helicopters — TRI(H).

• (1) The privileges of TRIs(H) are restricted to the type of helicopter in which the assessment of competence for the issue of the TRI certificate was taken. Unless otherwise determined in the OSD, the privileges of the TRIs shall be extended to further types if TRIs have:
• (i) completed the relevant parts of the technical training and flight instruction parts of the TRI course;
• (ii) completed within the 12 months preceding the date of application, at least 10 hours on the applicable helicopter type, of which a maximum of 5 hours may be completed in an FFS or FTD 2/3; and
• (iii) passed the relevant sections of the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935 in order to demonstrate to an FIE or a TRE qualified in accordance with Subpart K of this Annex their ability to instruct a pilot to the level required for the issue of a type rating, including pre-flight, post-flight and theoretical knowledge instruction. The privileges of TRIs shall be extended to further variants, provided that they comply with point FCL.710 in those other variants and, where applicable, the elements set out in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 for those variants.

• (2) In order to extend the privileges of a TRI(H) to multi-pilot operations in the same type of single-pilot helicopters, the holder shall have at least 350 hours of flight time as a pilot in multi-pilot operations in any aircraft category or have at least 100 hours of flight time as a pilot in multi-pilot operations on the specific type within the last 2 years.

• (3) Before the privileges of a TRI(H) are extended from single-pilot helicopters to multi-pilot helicopters, the holder shall comply with point FCL.915.TRI(d)(3).

• (d)Notwithstanding the points above, holders of a TRI certificate who received a type rating in accordance with point FCL.725(e) shall be entitled to have their TRI privileges extended to that new type of aircraft.

FCL.915.TRI   TRI — Prerequisites

An applicant for a TRI certificate shall:

• (a) hold a CPL, MPL or ATPL pilot licence on the applicable aircraft category;

• (b) for a TRI(MPA) certificate:
• (1) have completed 1 500 hours flight time as a pilot on multi-pilot aeroplanes; and
• (2) have completed, within the 12 months preceding the date of application, 30 route sectors, including take-offs and landings, as PIC or co-pilot on the applicable aeroplane type, of which 15 sectors may be completed in an FFS representing that type;

• (c) for a TRI(SPA) certificate:
• (1) have completed, within the 12 months preceding the date of the application, at least 30 route sectors, including take-offs and landings, as PIC on the applicable aeroplane type, of which a maximum of 15 sectors may be completed in an FSTD representing that type; and
• (2) - (i) have competed at least 500 hours flight time as pilot on aeroplanes, including 30 hours as PIC on the applicable type of aeroplane; or
• (ii) hold or have held an FI certificate for multi-engine aeroplanes with IR(A) privileges;

• (d) for TRI(H):
• (1) for a TRI(H) certificate for single-pilot single-engine helicopters, either:
• (i) have completed 250 hours as a pilot on helicopters; or
• (ii) hold an FI(H) certificate.
• (2) for a TRI(H) certificate for single-pilot multi-engine helicopters, either:
• (i) have completed 500 hours as pilot of helicopters, including 100 hours as PIC in single-pilot multi-engine helicopters; or
• (ii) hold an FI(H) certificate and have completed 100 hours of flight time as a pilot in multi-engine helicopters.
• (3) for a TRI(H) certificate for multi-pilot helicopters, have completed 1 000 hours of flight time as a pilot on helicopters, and have either 350 hours in multi-pilot operations on any aircraft category or 100 hours of flight time as a pilot in multi-pilot operations on the type for which the TRI(H) certificate is sought;

• (e) for TRI(PL):
• (1) have completed 1 500 hours flight time as a pilot on multi-pilot aeroplanes, powered-lift, or multi-pilot helicopters; and
• (2) have completed, within the 12 months preceding the application, 30 route sectors, including take-offs and landings, as PIC or co-pilot on the applicable powered-lift type, of which 15 sectors may be completed in an FFS representing that type.

FCL.930.TRI   TRI — Training course

• (a) The TRI training course shall be conducted:

• (1) in the case of MPA, in an FFS or a combination of FSTD(s) and FFS;

• (2) in the case of type ratings for SPA and helicopters, in either of the following:
• (i) an available and accessible FFS, or in a combination of such FFS and FSTD(s);
• (ii) a combination of FSTD(s) and the aircraft if an FFS is not available or accessible;
• (iii) the aircraft if no FSTD is available or accessible.

• (aa) By way of derogation from point (a), the TRI training course:

• (1) for non-complex helicopters may be conducted in a combination of FSTD(s) and the aircraft even if an FFS is available and accessible;

• (2) for aircraft referred to in Section A, point 1e, of Appendix 9 may be conducted in accordance with points FCL.930.TRI(a)(2)(i), (ii) or (iii), irrespective of the availability and accessibility of FFS or FSTD.

• (ab) The TRI training course shall include:

• (1) 25 hours of teaching and learning;

• (2) 10 hours of technical training, including revision of technical knowledge, the preparation of lesson plans and the development of classroom or simulator instructional skills;

• (3) 5 hours of flight instruction on the appropriate aircraft or an FSTD representing that aircraft for single-pilot aircraft and 10 hours for multi-pilot aircraft or an FSTD representing that aircraft;

• (4) if privileges for conducting LIFUS or take-off and landing training are sought, the following training, as applicable:
• (i) in an FSTD and related to the relevant privileges, additional specific training which, in the case of privileges for conducting take-off and landing training, shall include training for emergency procedures related to the aircraft;
• (ii) consolidation of the specific training in accordance with point (4)(i), where the applicant shall, in the aircraft, provide LIFUS or take-off and landing training, as applicable, under the supervision of a TRI that is nominated for that purpose by the ATO.

• (b) Applicants holding or having held an instructor certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirement of point (ab)(1).

• (c) An applicant for a TRI certificate who holds an SFI certificate for the relevant type shall be fully credited towards the requirements of this paragraph for the issue of a TRI certificate restricted to flight instruction in simulators.

FCL.935.TRI   TRI — Assessment of competence

• (a)The assessment of competence for a TRI for MPA and PL shall be conducted in an FFS. If no FFS is available or accessible, an aircraft shall be used.

• (b)The assessment of competence for a TRI for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes and helicopters shall be conducted in any of the following:

• (1) an available and accessible FFS;

• (2) if no FFS is available or accessible, in a combination of FSTD(s) and an aircraft;

• (3) if no FSTD is available or accessible, in an aircraft.

• (c)By way of derogation from point (b), the assessment of competence:

• (1) for TRIs for non-complex helicopters may be conducted in a combination of FSTD(s) and the aircraft even if an FFS is available and accessible;

• (2) for TRIs for helicopters referred to in Section A, point 1e(c), of Appendix 9 may be conducted in accordance with points FCL.935.TRI(b)(1), (2) or (3), irrespective of the availability and accessibility of an FFS or FSTD.

FCL.940.TRI   TRI — Revalidation and renewal

• (a)Revalidation

• (1) Aeroplanes To revalidate a TRI(A) certificate, applicants shall, within the 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the certificate fulfil at least two out of the three following requirements:
• (i) conduct one of the following parts of a complete type rating or recurrent training course: simulator session of at least 3 hours or one air exercise of at least 1 hour comprising a minimum of two take-offs and landings;
• (ii) complete instructor refresher training as a TRI(A) at an ATO;
• (iii) pass the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935. Applicants who have complied with point FCL.910.TRI (b)(3) shall be deemed to comply with this requirement.

• (2) Helicopters and powered lift To revalidate a TRI (H) or TRI(PL) certificate, applicants shall, within the validity period of the TRI certificate fulfil at least two out of the three following requirements:
• (i) completed at least 50 hours of flight instruction in each of the types of aircraft for which instructional privileges are held or in an FSTD representing those types, of which at least 15 hours shall be completed in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the TRI certificate. In the case of a TRI(PL), those hours shall be completed as a TRI or a type rating examiner (TRE), or as an SFI or a synthetic flight examiner (SFE). In the case of a TRI(H), the time flown as FIs, instrument rating instructors (IRIs), synthetic training instructors (STIs) or as any kind of examiners shall be accounted for this purpose;
• (ii) complete instructor refresher training as a TRI(H) or TRI(PL), as relevant, at an ATO;
• (iii) in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the certificate, passed an assessment of competence in accordance with points FCL.935, FCL.910.TRI(b)(3) or FCL.910.TRI(c)(3), as applicable.

• (3) For at least each alternate revalidation of a TRI certificate, holders shall pass the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935.

• (4) If TRIs hold a certificate for more than one type of aircraft within the same category, the assessment of competence taken on one of those types of aircraft shall revalidate the TRI certificate for the other types held within the same category of aircraft, unless it is otherwise determined in the OSD.

• (5) Specific requirements for the revalidation of a TRI(H) certificate TRIs(H) holding an FI(H) certificate in the relevant type shall be deemed to comply with the requirements in point (a). In that case, the TRI(H) certificate shall be valid until the expiry date of the FI(H) certificate.

• (b)Renewal

• To renew a TRI certificate, applicants shall, within the 12 months immediately preceding the date of the application, have passed the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935 and shall have completed the following:

• (1) for aeroplanes:
• (i) at least 30 route sectors, including take-offs and landings on the applicable aeroplane type, of which maximum 15 sectors may be completed in an FFS;
• (ii) instructor refresher training as a TRI at an ATO which shall cover the relevant elements of the TRI training course;

• (2) for helicopters and powered lift:
• (i) at least 10 hours of flight time, including take-offs and landings on the applicable aircraft type, of which maximum 5 hours may be completed in an FFS or FTD 2/3;
• (ii) instructor refresher training as a TRI at an ATO, which shall cover the relevant elements of the TRI training course.

• (3) If applicants held a certificate for more than one type of aircraft within the same category, the assessment of competence taken on one of those types of aircraft shall renew the TRI certificate for the other types held within the same category of aircraft, unless it is otherwise determined in the OSD.

SECTION 5

Specific requirements for the class rating instructor — CRI

FCL.905.CRI   CRI — Privileges and conditions

• (a) The privileges of a CRI are to instruct for:

• (1) the issue, revalidation or renewal of a class or type rating for single-pilot aeroplanes, except for single-pilot high performance complex aeroplanes, when the privileges sought by the applicant are to fly in single-pilot operations;

• (2) a towing or aerobatic rating for the aeroplane category, provided that the CRI holds the relevant rating and has demonstrated the ability to instruct for that rating to an FI qualified in accordance with point FCL.905.FI(j);

• (3) extension of LAPL(A) privileges to another class or variant of aeroplane.

• (b) The privileges of a CRI are restricted to the class or type of aeroplane in which the instructor assessment of competence was taken. The privileges of the CRI shall be extended to further classes or types when the CRI has completed, within the last 12 months:

• (1) 15 hours flight time as PIC on aeroplanes of the applicable class or type of aeroplane;

• (2) one training flight from the right hand seat under the supervision of another CRI or FI qualified for that class or type occupying the other pilot’s seat.

• (ba) The privileges of CRIs are to instruct for class and type ratings for single-pilot aeroplanes, except for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes, in multi-pilot operations, provided that CRIs meet any of the following conditions:

• (1) hold or have held a TRI certificate for multi-pilot aeroplanes;

• (2) have at least 500 hours on aeroplanes in multi-pilot operations and completed an MCCI training course in accordance with point FCL.930.MCCI.

• (c) Applicants for a CRI for multi-engine aeroplanes holding a CRI certificate for single-engine aeroplanes shall have fulfilled the prerequisites for a CRI established in FCL.915.CRI(a) and the requirements of FCL.930.CRI(a)(3) and FCL.935.

FCL.915.CRI   CRI — Prerequisites

An applicant for a CRI certificate shall have completed at least:

• (a) for multi-engine aeroplanes:
• (1) 500 hours flight time as a pilot on aeroplanes;
• (2) 30 hours as PIC on the applicable class or type of aeroplane;

• (b) for single-engine aeroplanes:
• (1) 300 hours flight time as a pilot on aeroplanes;
• (2) 30 hours as PIC on the applicable class or type of aeroplane.

FCL.930.CRI   CRI — Training course

• (a) The training course for the CRI shall include, at least:

• (1) 25 hours of teaching and learning instruction;

• (2) 10 hours of technical training, including revision of technical knowledge, the preparation of lesson plans and the development of classroom/simulator instructional skills;

• (3) 5 hours of flight instruction on multi-engine aeroplanes or an FSTD representing that class or type of aeroplane, including at least 3 hours on the aeroplane, or at least 3 hours of flight instruction on single-engine aeroplanes, given by an FI(A) qualified in accordance with point FCL.905.FI(j).

• (b) Applicants holding or having held an instructor certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirement of (a)(1).

FCL.940.CRI   CRI — Revalidation and renewal

• (a)To revalidate a CRI certificate, applicants shall fulfil, within the validity period of the CRI certificate, at least two out of the following three requirements:

• (1) conduct at least 10 hours of flight instruction as a CRI. If applicants have CRI privileges on both single-engine and multi-engine aeroplanes, those hours of flight instruction shall be equally divided between single-engine and multi-engine aeroplanes;

• (2) complete a refresher training as a CRI at an ATO or at a competent authority;

• (3) pass the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935 for multi-engine or single-engine aeroplanes, as relevant.

• (b)For at least each alternate revalidation of a CRI certificate, holders shall have complied with the requirement in point (a)(3).

• (c)Renewal

• If the CRI certificate has expired, it shall be renewed if the applicants in the period of 12 months before the application for the renewal:

• (1) have completed a refresher training as a CRI at an ATO or at a competent authority;

• (2) have completed the assessment of competence as required by point FCL.935.

SECTION 6

Specific requirements for the instrument rating instructor — IRI

FCL.905.IRI   IRI — Privileges and conditions

• (a) The privileges of IRIs are to instruct for the issue, revalidation and renewal of a BIR and an IR in the appropriate aircraft category.

• (b) Specific requirements for the MPL course. To instruct for the basic phase of training on an MPL course, the IRI(A) shall:

• (1) hold an IR for multi-engine aeroplanes; and

• (2) have completed at least 1 500 hours of flight time in multi-crew operations.

• (3) In the case of IRI already qualified to instruct on ATP(A) or CPL(A)/IR integrated courses, the requirement of point FCL.905.IRI(b)(2) may be replaced by the completion of the course provided for in point FCL.905.FI(k)(3).

FCL.915.IRI   IRI — Prerequisites

Applicants for an IRI certificate shall:

• (a) in case of an IRI(A):
• (1) to provide training in FSTDs during an approved training course at an ATO, have completed at least 200 hours of flight time under IFR after the issuance of the BIR or the IR, of which at least 50 hours shall be in aeroplanes;
• (2) to provide training in an aeroplane, have completed at least 800 hours of flight time under IFR, of which at least 400 hours shall be in aeroplanes;
• (3) to apply for an IRI(A) for multi-engine aeroplanes, meet the requirements of points FCL.915.CRI(a), FCL.930.CRI and FCL.935;

• (b) for an IRI(H):
• (1) to provide training in FSTDs during an approved training course at an ATO, have completed at least 125 hours of flight time under IFR after the issuance of the IR, of which at least 65 hours shall be instrument flight time in helicopters;
• (2) to provide training in a helicopter, have completed at least 500 hours of flight time under IFR, of which at least 250 hours shall be instrument flight time in helicopters; and
• (3) when seeking privileges to provide training in multi-engine helicopters, meet the requirements of points FCL.910.TRI(c)(1) and FCL.915.TRI(d)(2);

• (c) Applicants for an IRI(As) certificate shall have completed at least 300 hours of flight time under IFR, of which at least 100 hours shall be instrument flight time in airships.

FCL.930.IRI   IRI — Training course

• (a) The training course for the IRI shall include, at least:

• (1) 25 hours of teaching and learning instruction;

• (2) 10 hours of technical training, including revision of instrument theoretical knowledge, the preparation of lesson plans and the development of classroom instructional skills;

• (3) - (i) for the IRI(A), at least 10 hours of flight instruction on an aeroplane, FFS, FTD 2/3 or FPNT II. In the case of applicants holding an FI(A) certificate, these hours are reduced to 5;
• (ii) for the IRI(H), at least 10 hours of flight instruction on a helicopter, FFS, FTD 2/3 or FNPT II/III. In the case of applicants holding an FI(H) certificate, those hours are reduced to at least 5;
• (iii) for the IRI(As), at least 10 hours of flight instruction on an airship, FFS, FTD 2/3 or FNPT II.

• (b) Flight instruction shall be given by an FI qualified in accordance with point FCL.905.FI(j).

• (c) Applicants holding or having held an instructor certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirement of (a)(1).

FCL.940.IRI   IRI — Revalidation and renewal

For revalidation and renewal of an IRI certificate, the holder shall meet the requirements for revalidation and renewal of an FI certificate, in accordance with FCL.940.FI.

SECTION 7

Specific requirements for the synthetic flight instructor — SFI

FCL.905.SFI   SFI — Privileges and conditions

• (a)The privileges of SFIs are to carry out synthetic flight instruction, within the relevant aircraft category, for:

• (1) the revalidation and renewal of an IR, provided that they hold or have held an IR in the relevant aircraft category;

• (2) the issue of an IR, provided that they hold or have held an IR in the relevant aircraft category and have completed an IRI training course.

• (b)The privileges of SFIs for single-pilot aeroplanes are to carry out synthetic flight instruction for:

• (1) the issue, revalidation and renewal of type ratings for single-pilot high performance complex aeroplanes, if applicants seek privileges to operate in single-pilot operations. The privileges of SFIs for single-pilot aeroplanes may be extended to flight instruction for single-pilot high performance complex aeroplanes type ratings in multi-pilot operations, provided that they meet any of the following conditions:
• (i) hold or have held a TRI certificate for multi-pilot aeroplanes;
• (ii) have at least 500 hours on aeroplanes in multi-pilot operations and have completed an MCCI training course in accordance with point FCL.930.MCCI;

• (2) the MCC and the MPL training courses on the basic phase, provided that the privileges of SFIs(SPA) have been extended to multi-pilot operations in accordance with point (1).

• (c)The privileges of SFIs for multi-pilot aeroplanes are to carry out synthetic flight instruction for:

• (1) the issue, revalidation and renewal of type ratings for multi-pilot aeroplanes and if applicants seek privileges to operate in multi-pilot operations, for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes;

• (2) the MCC training course;

• (3) the MPL course on the basic, intermediate and advanced phases, provided that, for the basic phase, they hold or have held an FI(A) or an IRI(A) certificate;

• (d)The privileges of SFIs for helicopters are to carry out synthetic flight instruction for:

• (1) the issue, revalidation and renewal of helicopter type ratings;

• (2) MCC training, provided that they have at least 350 hours as a pilot in multi-pilot operations in any aircraft category.

• (e)The privileges of an SFI include privileges to conduct EBT practical assessment at an EBT operator, provided that the instructor complies with the requirements of Annex III (Part-ORO) to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 for EBT instructor standardisation at that EBT operator.

FCL.910.SFI   SFI — Restricted privileges

The privileges of SFIs shall be restricted to the FTD 2/3 or FFS of the aircraft type in which the SFI training course was taken.

Unless otherwise specified in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, to extend the privileges of SFIs to other FSTDs representing further types of the same category of aircraft, SFIs shall have:

• (a) completed the simulator content of the relevant type rating course;

• (b) completed the relevant parts of the technical training and the FSTD content of the flight instruction syllabus of the applicable TRI course;

• (c) conducted on a complete type rating course at least 3 hours of flight instruction related to the duties of an SFI on the applicable type under the supervision and to the satisfaction of a TRE or an SFE qualified for this purpose.

The privileges of the SFI shall be extended to further variants in accordance with the OSD if the SFI has completed the type relevant parts of the technical training and the FSTD content of the flight instruction syllabus of the applicable TRI course.

FCL.915.SFI   SFI — Prerequisites

An applicant for an SFI certificate shall:

• (a) hold or have held a CPL, MPL or ATPL in the appropriate aircraft category;

• (b) have completed the proficiency check for the issue of the specific aircraft type rating in an FFS representing the applicable type, within the 12 months preceding the application; and

• (c) additionally, for an SFI(A) for multi-pilot aeroplanes or SFI(PL), have:
• (1) at least 1 500 hours flight time as a pilot on multi-pilot aeroplanes or powered-lift, as applicable;
• (2) completed, as a pilot or as an observer, within the 12 months preceding the application, at least:
• (i) 3 route sectors on the flight deck of the applicable aircraft type; or
• (ii) 2 line-orientated flight training-based simulator sessions conducted by qualified flight crew on the flight deck of the applicable type. These simulator sessions shall include 2 flights of at least 2 hours each between 2 different aerodromes, and the associated pre-flight planning and de-briefing;

• (d) additionally, for an SFI(A) for single-pilot high performance complex aeroplanes:
• (1) have completed at least 500 hours of flight time as PIC on single-pilot aeroplanes;
• (2) hold or have held a multi-engine IR(A) rating; and
• (3) have met the requirements in (c)(2);

• (e) additionally, for an SFI(H), have:
• (1) completed, as a pilot or as an observer, at least 1 hour of flight time on the flight deck of the applicable type, within the 12 months preceding the application; and
• (2) in the case of multi-pilot helicopters, at least 1 000 hours of flying experience as a pilot in helicopters, including at least 350 hours in multi-pilot operations in any aircraft category;
• (3) in the case of single-pilot multi-engine helicopters, completed 500 hours as pilot of helicopters, including 100 hours as PIC on single-pilot multi-engine helicopters;
• (4) in the case of single-pilot single-engine helicopters, completed 250 hours as a pilot on helicopters;
• (5) in the case of single-pilot helicopters in multi-pilot operations, completed at least 350 hours in multi-pilot operations in any aircraft category.

FCL.930.SFI   SFI — Training course

• (a) The training course for the SFI shall include:

• (1) the FSTD content of the applicable type rating course;

• (2) the relevant parts of the technical training and the FSTD content of the flight instruction syllabus of the applicable TRI training course;

• (3) 25 hours of teaching and learning instruction.

• (b) An applicant for an SFI certificate who:

• (1) holds a TRI certificate for the relevant type shall be fully credited towards the requirements of point (a);

• (2) holds or has held an instructor certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirement of point (a)(3).

FCL.940.SFI   SFI — Revalidation and renewal

• (a)Revalidation

• To revalidate an SFI certificate, applicants shall fulfil, before the expiry date of the SFI certificate, at least two out of the following three requirements:

• (1) have completed at least 50 hours as instructors or examiners in FSTDs, of which at least 15 hours in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the SFI certificate;

• (2) have completed instructor refresher training as an SFI at an ATO;

• (3) have passed the relevant sections of the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935.

• (b)Additionally, applicants shall have completed, on an FFS, the proficiency checks for the issue of the specific aircraft type ratings representing the types for which privileges are held.

• (c)For at least each alternate revalidation of an SFI certificate, holders shall comply with the requirement in point (a)(3).

• (d)If an SFI holds a certificate in more than one type of aircraft within the same category, the assessment of competence taken on one of those types shall revalidate the SFI certificate for the other types held within the same category of aircraft, unless otherwise is determined in the OSD.

• (e)Renewal

• To renew the SFI certificate, applicants shall, within the period of 12 months immediately preceding the application for the renewal, comply with all of the following conditions:

• (1) have completed instructor refresher training as an SFI at an ATO;

• (2) have passed the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935;

• (3) have completed, on an FSTD, the skill test for the issue of the specific aircraft type ratings representing the types for which privileges are to be renewed.

SECTION 8

Specific requirements for the multi-crew cooperation instructor — MCCI

FCL.905.MCCI   MCCI — Privileges and conditions

• (a) The privileges of an MCCI are to carry out flight instruction during:

• (1) the practical part of MCC courses when not combined with type rating training; and

• (2) in the case of MCCI(A), the basic phase of the MPL integrated training course, provided he/she holds or has held an FI(A) or an IRI(A) certificate.

FCL.910.MCCI   MCCI — Restricted privileges

The privileges of the holder of an MCCI certificate shall be restricted to the FNPT II/III MCC, FTD 2/3 or FFS in which the MCCI training course was taken.

The privileges may be extended to other FSTDs representing further types of aircraft when the holder has completed the practical training of the MCCI course on that type of FNPT II/III MCC, FTD 2/3 or FFS.

FCL.915.MCCI   MCCI — Prerequisites

An applicant for an MCCI certificate shall:

• (a) hold or have held a CPL, MPL or ATPL in the appropriate aircraft category;

• (b) have at least:
• (1) in the case of aeroplanes, airships and powered-lift aircraft, 1 500 hours of flying experience as a pilot in multi-pilot operations, of which at least 350 hours in the appropriate aircraft category;
• (2) in the case of helicopters, 1 000 hours of flying experience as a pilot in multi-pilot operations, of which at least 350 hours in helicopters.

FCL.930.MCCI   MCCI — Training course

• (a) The training course for the MCCI shall include, at least:

• (1) 25 hours of teaching and learning instruction;

• (2) technical training related to the type of FSTD where the applicant wishes to instruct;

• (3) 3 hours of practical instruction, which may be flight instruction or MCC instruction on the relevant FNPT II/III MCC, FTD 2/3 or FFS, under the supervision of a TRI, SFI or MCCI nominated by the ATO for that purpose. These hours of flight instruction under supervision shall include the assessment of the applicant’s competence as described in FCL.920.

• (b) Applicants holding or having held an FI, TRI, CRI, IRI or SFI certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirement of (a)(1).

FCL.940.MCCI   MCCI — Revalidation and renewal

• (a) For revalidation of an MCCI certificate the applicant shall have completed the requirements of FCL.930.MCCI(a)(3) on the relevant type of FNPT II/III, FTD 2/3 or FFS, within the last 12 months of the validity period of the MCCI certificate.

• (b) Renewal. If the MCCI certificate has lapsed, the applicant shall complete the requirements of FCL.930.MCCI(a)(2) and (3) on the relevant type of FNPT II/III MCC, FTD 2/3 or FFS.

SECTION 9

Specific requirements for the synthetic training instructor — STI

FCL.905.STI   STI — Privileges and conditions

• (a) The privileges of an STI are to carry out synthetic flight instruction in the appropriate aircraft category for:

• (1) the issue of a licence;

• (2) the issue, revalidation or renewal of a BIR and an IR and a class or type rating for single-pilot aircraft, except for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes.

• (b) Additional privileges for the STI(A). The privileges of an STI(A) shall include synthetic flight instruction during the core flying skills training of the MPL integrated training course.

FCL.910.STI   STI — Restricted privileges

The privileges of STIs shall be restricted to the FSTD in which the STI training course was taken.

The privileges may be extended to other FSTDs representing further types of aircraft if in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the application the holders have:

• (a) completed the FSTD content of the CRI or TRI course on the class or type of aircraft for which instructional privileges are sought;

• (b) passed in the FSTD on which flight instruction is to be conducted, the applicable section of the proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Annex for the appropriate class or type of aircraft. For STIs(A) instructing on BITD only, the proficiency check shall include only the exercises appropriate for the skill test for the issue of a PPL(A);

• (c) conducted, on a CPL, an IR, a PPL or a class or type rating course, at least 3 hours of flight instruction under the supervision of an FI, a CRI(A), an IRI or a TRI nominated by the ATO for this purpose, including at least 1 hour of flight instruction that is supervised by an FIE in the appropriate aircraft category.

FCL.915.STI   STI — Prerequisites

• (a)Applicants for the issue of an STI certificate shall:

• (1) hold, or have held within the 3 years prior to the application, a pilot licence and instructional privileges appropriate to the courses on which instruction is intended;

• (2) have completed in an FSTD the relevant proficiency check for the class or type rating, in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the application.

• Applicants for the issue of an STI(A) wishing to instruct on BITDs only, shall complete the exercises appropriate for a skill test for the issue of a PPL(A) only;

• (b)Additionally to the requirements laid down in point (a), applicants for the issue of an STI(H) certificate shall have completed at least 1 hour of flight time as an observer on the flight deck of the applicable type of helicopter, in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the application.

FCL.930.STI   STI — Training course

• (a) The training course for the STI shall comprise at least 3 hours of flight instruction related to the duties of an STI in an FFS, FTD 2/3 or FNPT II/III, under the supervision of an FIE. These hours of flight instruction under supervision shall include the assessment of the applicant’s competence as described in FCL.920.

Applicants for an STI(A) wishing to instruct on a BITD only, shall complete the flight instruction on a BITD.

• (b) For applicants for an STI(H), the course shall also include the FFS content of the applicable TRI course.

FCL.940.STI   STI — Revalidation and renewal of the STI certificate

• (a)Revalidation

• To revalidate an STI certificate, applicants shall, within the period of 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the STI certificate, comply with all of the following conditions:

• (1) have conducted at least 3 hours of flight instruction in an FSTD, as part of a complete CPL, IR, PPL or class or type rating course;

• (2) have passed in the FSTD on which flight instruction is conducted, the applicable sections of the proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Annex for the appropriate class or type of aircraft.

• For STIs(A) instructing on BITDs only, the proficiency check shall include the exercises appropriate for a skill test for the issue of a PPL(A) only.

• (b)Renewal

• To renew STI certificate, the applicants shall within the period of 12 months immediately preceding the application for the renewal:

• (1) complete a refresher training as an STI at an ATO;

• (2) pass in the FSTD on which flight instruction is conducted, the applicable sections of the proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Annex for the appropriate class or type of aircraft. For an STI(A) instructing on BITDs only, the proficiency check shall include the exercises appropriate for a skill test for the issue of a PPL(A) only;

• (3) conduct, in the relevant aircraft category, on a complete CPL, IR, PPL or class or type rating course, at least 3 hours of flight instruction under the supervision of an FI, a CRI, an IRI or a TRI nominated by the ATO for this purpose, including at least 1 hour of flight instruction supervised by a flight instructor examiner (FIE).

SECTION 10

Mountain rating instructor — MI

FCL.905.MI   MI — Privileges and conditions

The privileges of an MI are to carry out flight instruction for the issue of a mountain rating.

FCL.915.MI   MI — Prerequisites

An applicant for an MI certificate shall:

• (a) hold a, FI, CRI, or TRI certificate, with privileges for single-pilot aeroplanes;

• (b) hold a mountain rating.

FCL.930.MI   MI — Training course

• (a) The training course for the MI shall include the assessment of the applicant’s competence as described in FCL.920.

• (b) Before attending the course, applicants shall have passed a pre-entry flight test with an MI holding an FI certificate to assess their experience and ability to undertake the training course.

FCL.940.MI   Validity of the MI certificate

The MI certificate is valid as long as the FI, TRI or CRI certificate is valid.

SECTION 11

Specific requirements for the flight test instructor — FTI

FCL.905.FTI   FTI — Privileges and conditions

• (a) The privileges of a flight test instructor (FTI) are to instruct, within the appropriate aircraft category, for:

• (1) the issue of category 1 or 2 flight test ratings, provided he/she holds the relevant category of flight test rating;

• (2) the issue of an FTI certificate, within the relevant category of flight test rating, provided that the instructor has at least 2 years of experience instructing for the issue of flight test ratings.

• (b) The privileges of an FTI holding a category 1 flight test rating include the provision of flight instruction also in relation to category 2 flight test ratings.

FCL.915.FTI   FTI — Prerequisites

An applicant for an FTI certificate shall:

• (a) hold a flight test rating issued in accordance with FCL.820;

• (b) have completed at least 200 hours of category 1 or 2 flight tests.

FCL.930.FTI   FTI — Training course

• (a) The training course for the FTI shall include, at least:

• (1) 25 hours of teaching and learning;

• (2) 10 hours of technical training, including revision of technical knowledge, the preparation of lesson plans and the development of classroom/simulator instructional skills;

• (3) 5 hours of practical flight instruction under the supervision of an FTI qualified in accordance with FCL.905.FTI(b). These hours of flight instruction shall include the assessment of the applicant’s competence as described in FCL.920.

• (b) Crediting:

• (1) Applicants holding or having held an instructor certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirement of (a)(1).

• (2) In addition, applicants holding or having held an FI or TRI certificate in the relevant aircraft category shall be fully credited towards the requirements of (a)(2).

FCL.940.FTI   FTI — Revalidation and renewal

• (a) Revalidation. For revalidation of an FTI certificate, the applicant shall, within the validity period of the FTI certificate, fulfil one of the following requirements:

• (1) complete at least:
• (i) 50 hours of flight tests, of which at least 15 hours shall be within the 12 months preceding the expiry date of the FTI certificate; and
• (ii) 5 hours of flight test flight instruction within the 12 months preceding the expiry date of the FTI certificate; or

• (2) receive refresher training as an FTI at an ATO. The refresher training shall be based on the practical flight instruction element of the FTI training course, in accordance with FCL.930.FTI(a)(3), and include at least 1 instruction flight under the supervision of an FTI qualified in accordance with FCL.905.FTI(b).

• (b) Renewal. If the FTI certificate has lapsed, the applicant shall receive refresher training as an FTI at an ATO. The refresher training shall comply at least with the requirements of FCL.930.FTI(a)(3).

SUBPART K

EXAMINERS

SECTION 1

Common requirements

FCL.1000   Examiner certificates

• (a)General

• Holders of an examiner certificate shall:

• (1) hold, unless otherwise determined in this Annex, an equivalent licence, rating or certificate to the ones for which they are authorised to conduct skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence and the privilege to instruct for them;

• (2) be qualified to act as PIC in the aircraft during a skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence if conducted on the aircraft.

• (b)Special conditions:

• (1) The competent authority may issue a specific certificate granting privileges for the conduct of skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence if compliance with the requirements established in this Subpart is not possible because of the introduction of any of the following:
• (i) new aircraft in the Member States or in an operator’s fleet;
• (ii) new training courses in this Annex. Such a certificate shall be limited to the skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence necessary for the introduction of the new type of aircraft or the new training course and its validity shall not, in any case, exceed 1 year.

• (2) Holders of a certificate issued in accordance with point (b)(1) who wish to apply for an examiner certificate shall comply with the prerequisites and revalidation requirements for that category of examiner certificate.

• (3) Where no qualified examiner is available, competent authorities may, on a case-by -case basis, authorise inspectors or examiners who do not meet the relevant instructor, type or class rating requirements as specified in (a), to perform skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence.

• (c)Examination provided outside the territory of the Member States:

• (1) By way of derogation from point (a), in the case of skill tests and proficiency checks provided outside the territory for which Member States are responsible under the Chicago Convention, the competent authority shall issue an examiner certificate to applicants holding a pilot licence that is compliant with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention, provided that those applicants:
• (i) hold at least an equivalent licence, rating, or certificate to the one for which they are authorised to conduct skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence, and in any case at least a CPL;
• (ii) are qualified to act as PIC in the aircraft during a skill test or proficiency check that is conducted in the aircraft;
• (iii) comply with the requirements established in this Subpart for the issue of the relevant examiner certificate; and
• (iv) demonstrate to the competent authority an adequate level of knowledge of European aviation safety rules to be able to exercise examiner privileges in accordance with this Annex.

• (2) The certificate referred to in point (1) shall be limited to performing skill tests and proficiency checks:
• (i) outside the territories for which the Member States are responsible under the Chicago Convention; and
• (ii) to pilots who have sufficient knowledge of the language in which the test/check is given.

FCL.1005   Limitation of privileges in case of vested interests

Examiners shall not conduct:

• (a) skill tests or assessments of competence of applicants for the issue of a licence, rating or certificate to whom they have provided more than 25 % of the required flight instruction for the licence, rating or certificate for which the skill test or assessment of competence is being taken; and

• (b) skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence whenever they feel that their objectivity may be affected.

FCL.1010   Prerequisites for examiners

Applicants for an examiner certificate shall demonstrate:

• (a) relevant knowledge, background and appropriate experience related to the privileges of an examiner;

• (b) that they have not been subject to any sanctions, including the suspension, limitation or revocation of any of their licences, ratings or certificates issued in accordance with this Part, for non-compliance with the Basic Regulation and its Implementing Rules during the last 3 years.

FCL.1015   Examiner standardisation

• (a) An applicant for an examiner certificate shall undertake a standardisation course which is provided by the competent authority or which is provided by an ATO and approved by the competent authority.

• (b) The standardisation course shall consist of theoretical and practical instruction and shall include, at least:

• (1) the conduct of 2 skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competences for the licences, ratings or certificates for which the applicant seeks the privilege to conduct tests and checks;

• (2) instruction on the applicable requirements in this part and the applicable air operations requirements, the conduct of skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence, and their documentation and reporting;

• (3) a briefing on the national administrative procedures, requirements for protection of personal data, liability, accident insurance and fees;

• (4) a briefing on the need to review and apply the items in (3) when conducting skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence of an applicant for which the competent authority is not the same that issued the examiner's certificate; and

• (5) an instruction on how to get access to these national procedures and requirements of other competent authorities when needed;

• (c) Holders of an examiners certificate shall not conduct skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence of an applicant for which the competent authority is not the same that issued the examiner's certificate, unless they have reviewed the latest available information containing the relevant national procedures of the applicant's competent authority.

FCL.1020   Examiners assessment of competence

Applicants for an examiner certificate shall demonstrate their competence to an inspector from the competent authority or a senior examiner specifically authorised to do so by the competent authority responsible for the examiner’s certificate through the conduct of a skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence in the examiner role for which privileges are sought, including briefing, conduct of the skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence, and assessment of the person to whom the test, check or assessment is given, debriefing and recording documentation.

FCL.1025   Validity, revalidation and renewal of examiner certificates

• (a)Validity

• An examiner certificate shall be valid for 3 years.

• (b)Revalidation

• To revalidate an examiner certificate, holders shall comply with all of the following conditions:

• (1) before the expiry date of the certificate, have conducted at least six skill tests, proficiency checks, assessments of competence, or EBT evaluation phases during an EBT module referred to in point ORO.FC.231 of Annex III (Part-ORO) to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012;

• (2) in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the certificate, have completed an examiner refresher course which is provided by the competent authority or which is provided by an ATO and approved by the competent authority;

• (3) one of the skill tests, proficiency checks, assessments of competence or EBT evaluation phases conducted in accordance with point (1) shall take place in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the examiner certificate and shall:
• (i) have been assessed by an inspector from the competent authority or by a senior examiner specifically authorised to do so by the competent authority responsible for the examiner certificate; or
• (ii) comply with the requirements in point FCL.1020. If applicants for the revalidation hold privileges for more than one category of examiner, all examiner privileges may be revalidated if applicants comply with the requirements laid down in points (b)(1) and (2) and point FCL.1020 for one of the categories of examiner certificates held, in agreement with the competent authority.

• (c)Renewal

• If the certificate has expired, before resuming the exercise of the privileges, the applicants shall comply with the requirements in point (b)(2) and point FCL.1020 in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the application for the renewal.

• (d)An examiner certificate shall only be revalidated or renewed if applicants demonstrate continued compliance with the requirements laid down in points FCL.1010 and FCL.1030.

FCL.1030   Conduct of skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence

• (a) When conducting skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence, examiners shall:

• (1) ensure that communication with the applicant can be established without language barriers;