Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 of 5 October 2012 laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to air operations pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council

The operator of complex motor-powered aircraft engaged in non-commercial operations or non-commercial specialised operations, and the commercial specialised operator shall:

• (a) provide the competent authority with all relevant information prior to commencing operations, using the form contained in Appendix I to this Annex;

• (b) notify to the competent authority a list of the alternative means of compliance used;

• (c) maintain compliance with the applicable requirements and with the information given in the declaration;

• (d) notify the competent authority without delay of any changes to its declaration or the means of compliance it uses through submission of an amended declaration using the form contained in Appendix I to this Annex; and

- (e) notify the competent authority when it ceases operation.

SUBPART SPO

COMMERCIAL SPECIALISED OPERATIONS

ORO.SPO.100   Common requirements for commercial specialised operators

• (a)A commercial specialised operator shall in addition to ORO.DEC.100 also comply with ORO.AOC.135, ORO.AOC.140 and ORO.AOC.150.

• (b)Aircraft shall have a certificate of airworthiness (CofA) in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 or shall be leased-in in accordance with (c).

• (c)A commercial specialised operator shall obtain prior approval of the competent authority and comply with the following conditions:

• (1) for wet leasing-in an aircraft of a third-country operator:
• (i) that the safety standards of a third-country operator with regard to continuing airworthiness and air operations are equivalent to the applicable requirements established by Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 ([^E0082]) and this Regulation;
• (ii) that the aircraft of a third-country operator has a standard CofA issued in accordance with Annex 8 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation;
• (iii) that the duration of the wet lease-in does not exceed seven months in any 12 consecutive month period;

- (2) for dry leasing-in an aircraft registered in a third country:

• (i) that an operational need that cannot be satisfied through leasing an aircraft registered in the Union has been identified;
• (ii) that the duration of the dry lease-in does not exceed seven months in any 12 consecutive month period;
• (iii) that the safety standards of the third-country aircraft with regard to continuing airworthiness are equivalent to the applicable requirements established by Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014;
• (iv) that the aircraft is equipped in accordance with Annex VIII (Part SPO).

ORO.SPO.110   Authorisation of high risk commercial specialised operations

• (a)A commercial specialised operator shall apply for and obtain an authorisation issued by the competent authority of the operator prior to commencing a high risk commercial specialised operation:

• (1) that is carried out over an area where the safety of third parties on the ground is likely to be endangered in the event of an emergency, or

• (2) that, as determined by the competent authority of the place where the operation is conducted, due to its specific nature and the local environment in which it is conducted, poses a high risk, in particular to third parties on the ground.

• (b)The operator shall provide the following information to the competent authority:

• (1) the official name and business name, address, and mailing address of the applicant;

• (2) a description of the management system, including organisational structure;

• (3) a description of the proposed operation, including the type(s), and number of aircraft to be operated;

• (4) the risk assessment documentation and related standard operating procedures, required by SPO.OP.230;

• (5) a statement that all the documentation sent to the competent authority has been verified by the operator and found in compliance with the applicable requirements.

- (c)The application for an authorisation or its amendment shall be made in a form and manner established by the competent authority, taking into account the applicable requirements of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules.

ORO.SPO.115   Changes

• (a)Any change affecting the scope of the authorisation or the authorised operations shall require prior approval of the competent authority. Any change not covered by the initial risk assessment, shall require the submission of an amended risk assessment and SOP to the competent authority.

• (b)The application for approval of a change shall be submitted before any such change takes place, in order to enable the competent authority to determine continued compliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules and to amend, if necessary, the authorisation. The operator shall provide the competent authority with any relevant documentation.

• (c)The change shall only be implemented upon receipt of formal approval by the competent authority in accordance with ARO.OPS.150.

- (d)The operator shall operate under the conditions prescribed by the competent authority during such changes, as applicable.

ORO.SPO.120   Continued validity

• (a)An operator holding a specialised operation authorisation shall comply with the scope and privileges defined in the authorisation.

• (b)The operator’s authorisation shall remain valid subject to:

• (1) the operator remaining in compliance with the relevant requirements of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules, taking into account the provisions related to the handling of findings as specified under ORO.GEN.150;

• (2) the competent authority being granted access to the operator as defined in ORO.GEN.140 to determine continued compliance with the relevant requirements of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules; and

• (3) the authorisation not being surrendered or revoked.

- (c)Upon revocation or surrender the authorisation shall be returned to the competent authority without delay.

SUBPART MLR

MANUALS, LOGS AND RECORDS

ORO.MLR.100   Operations manual — general

• (a)The operator shall establish an operations manual (OM) as specified under 8.b of Annex IV to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008.

• (b)The content of the OM shall reflect the requirements set out in this Annex, in Annex IV (Part-CAT), Annex V (Part-SPA), Annex VI (Part-NCC), Annex VIII (Part-SPO) and Annex IX (Part-IAM), as applicable, and shall not contravene the conditions contained in the operations specifications to the air operator certificate (AOC), the SPO authorisation or the declaration and the list of specific approvals, as applicable.

• (c)The OM may be issued in separate parts.

• (d)All operations personnel shall have easy access to the portions of the OM that are relevant to their duties.

• (e)The OM shall be kept up to date. All personnel shall be made aware of the changes that are relevant to their duties.

• (f)Each crew member shall be provided with a personal copy of the relevant sections of the OM pertaining to their duties. Each holder of an OM, or appropriate parts of it, shall be responsible for keeping their copy up to date with the amendments or revisions supplied by the operator.

• (g)For AOC holders:

• (1) for amendments required to be notified in accordance with ORO.GEN.115(b) and ORO.GEN.130(c), the operator shall supply the competent authority with intended amendments in advance of the effective date; and

• (2) for amendments to procedures associated with prior approval items in accordance with ORO.GEN.130, approval shall be obtained before the amendment becomes effective.

• (g1)For SPO authorisation holders, any amendment associated with the authorised standard operating procedures, prior approval shall be obtained before the amendment becomes effective.

• (h)Notwithstanding (g) and (g1), when immediate amendments or revisions are required in the interest of safety, they may be published and applied immediately, provided that any approval required has been applied for.

• (i)The operator shall incorporate all amendments and revisions required by the competent authority.

• (j)The operator shall ensure that information taken from approved documents, and any amendment thereof, is correctly reflected in the OM. This does not prevent the operator from publishing more conservative data and procedures in the OM.

- (k)The operator shall ensure that all personnel are able to understand the language in which those parts of the OM which pertain to their duties and responsibilities are written. The content of the OM shall be presented in a form that can be used without difficulty and observes human factors principles.

ORO.MLR.101   Operations manual – structure for CAT and IAM operations

Except for operations with single-engined propeller-driven aeroplanes with an MOPSC of 5 or less or single-engined non-complex helicopters with an MOPSC of 5 or less, taking off and landing at the same aerodrome or operating site, under VFR by day, the main structure of the operations manual (OM) shall be as follows:

• (a) Part A: General/Basic, comprising all non-type-related operational policies, instructions and procedures;

• (b) Part B: Aircraft operating matters, comprising all type-related instructions and procedures, taking into account differences between types/classes, variants or individual aircraft used by the operator;

• (c) Part C: CAT operations with aeroplanes and helicopters, comprising route/role/area and aerodrome / operating site instructions and information or, IAM operations with VCA, comprising route/role/area and vertiport / diversion location / operating site instructions and information;

- (d) Part D: Training, comprising all training instructions for personnel required to ensure safe operations.

ORO.MLR.105   Minimum equipment list

• (a)A minimum equipment list (MEL) shall be established as specified under point 8.a.3 of Annex IV to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008, based on the relevant master minimum equipment list (MMEL) as defined in the data established in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012. If an MMEL has not been established as part of the operational suitability data, the MEL may be based on the relevant MMEL accepted by the State of Operator or Registry as applicable.

• (b)The MEL and any amendment thereto shall be approved by the competent authority.

• (c)The operator shall amend the MEL after any applicable change to the MMEL within the acceptable timescales.

• (d)In addition to the list of items, the MEL shall contain:

• (1) a preamble, including guidance and definitions for flight crews and maintenance personnel using the MEL;

• (2) the revision status of the MMEL upon which the MEL is based and the revision status of the MEL;

• (3) the scope, extent and purpose of the MEL.

• (e)The operator shall:

• (1) establish rectification intervals for each inoperative instrument, item of equipment or function listed in the MEL. The rectification interval in the MEL shall not be less restrictive than the corresponding rectification interval in the MMEL;

• (2) establish an effective rectification programme;

• (3) only operate the aircraft after expiry of the rectification interval specified in the MEL when:
• (i) the defect has been rectified; or
• (ii) the rectification interval has been extended in accordance with (f).

• (f)Subject to approval of the competent authority, the operator may use a procedure for the one time extension of category B, C and D rectification intervals, provided that:

• (1) the extension of the rectification interval is within the scope of the MMEL for the aircraft type;

• (2) the extension of the rectification interval is, as a maximum, of the same duration as the rectification interval specified in the MEL;

• (3) the rectification interval extension is not used as a normal means of conducting MEL item rectification and is used only when events beyond the control of the operator have precluded rectification;

• (4) a description of specific duties and responsibilities for controlling extensions is established by the operator;

• (5) the competent authority is notified of any extension of the applicable rectification interval; and

• (6) a plan to accomplish the rectification at the earliest opportunity is established.

• (g)The operator shall establish the operational and maintenance procedures referenced in the MEL taking into account the operational and maintenance procedures referenced in the MMEL. These procedures shall be part of the operator’s manuals or the MEL.

• (h)The operator shall amend the operational and maintenance procedures referenced in the MEL after any applicable change to the operational and maintenance procedures referenced in the MMEL.

• (i)Unless otherwise specified in the MEL, the operator shall complete:

• (1) the operational procedures referenced in the MEL when planning for and/or operating with the listed item inoperative; and

• (2) the maintenance procedures referenced in the MEL prior to operating with the listed item inoperative.

• (j)Subject to a specific case-by-case approval by the competent authority, the operator may operate an aircraft with inoperative instruments, items of equipment or functions outside the constraints of the MEL but within the constraints of the MMEL, provided that:

• (1) the concerned instruments, items of equipment or functions are within the scope of the MMEL as defined in point (a);

• (2) the approval is not used as a normal means of conducting operations outside the constraints of the approved MEL and is used only when events beyond the control of the operator have precluded the MEL compliance;

• (3) a description of specific duties and responsibilities for controlling the operation of the aircraft under such approval is established by the operator; and

- (4) a plan to rectify the inoperative instruments, items of equipment or functions or to return operating the aircraft under the MEL constraints at the earliest opportunity is established.

ORO.MLR.110   Journey log

Particulars of the aircraft, its crew and each journey shall be retained for each flight, or series of flights, in the form of a journey log, or equivalent.

ORO.MLR.115   Record-keeping

• (a)The following records shall be stored for at least 5 years:

• (1) for CAT operators of airplanes and helicopters and IAM operators of VCA, records of the activities referred to in point ORO.GEN.200;

• (2) for declared operators, a copy of the operator’s declaration, details of approvals held and operations manual;

• (3) for SPO authorisation holders, in addition to point (a)(2), records related to the risk assessment conducted in accordance with point SPO.OP.230 and related standard operating procedures.

• (b)The following information used for the preparation and execution of a flight, and associated reports, shall be stored for three months:

• (1) the operational flight plan, if applicable;

• (2) route-specific notice(s) to airmen (NOTAM) and aeronautical information services (AIS) briefing documentation, if edited by the operator;

• (3) mass and balance documentation;

• (4) notification of special loads, including written information to the commander/pilot-in-command about dangerous goods , if applicable;

• (5) the journey log, or equivalent; and

• (6) flight report(s) for recording details of any occurrence, or any event that the commander/pilot-in-command deems necessary to report or record;

• (c)Personnel records shall be stored for the periods indicated below:

Flight crew licence and cabin crew attestation	As long as the crew member is exercising the privileges of the licence or attestation for the aircraft operator
Crew member training, checking and qualifications	3 years
Records on crew member recent experience	15 months
Crew member route and aerodrome/task and area competence, as appropriate	3 years
Dangerous goods training, as appropriate	3 years
Training/qualification records of other personnel for whom a training programme is required	Last 2 training records

• (d)The operator shall:

• (1) maintain records of all training, checking and qualifications of each crew member, as prescribed in Part-ORO; and

• (2) make such records available, on request, to the crew member concerned.

• (e)The operator shall preserve the information used for the preparation and execution of a flight and personnel training records, even if the operator ceases to be the operator of that aircraft or the employer of that crew member, provided this is within the timescales prescribed in (c).

- (f)If a crew member becomes a crew member for another operator, the operator shall make the crew member’s records available to the new operator, provided this is within the timescales prescribed in (c).

SUBPART SEC

SECURITY

ORO.SEC.100   Flight crew compartment security — aeroplanes

• (a) In an aeroplane which is equipped with a secure flight crew compartment door, that door shall be capable of being locked, and means shall be provided by which the cabin crew can notify the flight crew in the event of suspicious activity or security breaches in the cabin.

• (b) All passenger-carrying aeroplanes that are engaged in the commercial transportation of passengers shall be equipped with an approved secure flight crew compartment door that is capable of being locked and unlocked from either pilot's station and designed to meet the applicable airworthiness requirements, where such airplanes fall within any of the following categories:
• (1) aeroplanes with an MCTOM that exceeds 54 500 kg;
• (2) aeroplanes with an MCTOM that exceeds 45 500 kg and have an MOPSC of more than 19; or
• (3) aeroplanes with an MOPSC of more than 60.

- (c) In all aeroplanes which are equipped with a secure flight crew compartment door in accordance with point (b):

• (1) that door shall be closed prior to engine start for take-off and shall be locked when required so by security procedures or by the pilot-in-command until engine shutdown after landing, except when deemed to be necessary for authorised persons to access or egress in compliance with national civil aviation security programmes;
• (2) means shall be provided for monitoring from either pilot's station the entire door area outside the flight crew compartment to identify persons that request to enter and to detect suspicious behaviour or potential threat.

ORO.SEC.105   Flight crew compartment security — helicopters

If installed, the flight crew compartment door on a helicopter operated for the purpose of carrying passengers shall be capable of being locked from within the flight crew compartment in order to prevent unauthorised access.

SUBPART FC

FLIGHT CREW

ORO.FC.005   Scope

This Subpart establishes the requirements for flight crew training, experience and qualifications to be met by an air operator, and comprises:

• (a) SECTION 1, specifying common requirements.

• (b) SECTION 2, specifying additional requirements applicable to CAT operations with aeroplanes and helicopters, with the exception of CAT operations with passengers conducted under VFR by day, starting and ending at the same aerodrome or operating site and within a local area specified by the competent authority, with:
• (1) single-engined propeller-driven aeroplanes that have an MCTOM of 5 700 kg or less and an MOPSC of 5 or less; or
• (2) other-than-complex motor-powered helicopters, single-engined, with an MOPSC of 5 or less.

• (c) SECTION 3, specifying additional requirements for commercial specialised operations and for those operations referred to in points (b)(1) and (2).

- (d) SECTION 4, specifying additional requirements for IAM operations with manned VTOL-capable aircraft (VCA).

SECTION 1

Common requirements

ORO.FC.100   Composition of flight crew

• (a)The composition of the flight crew and the number of flight crew members at designated crew stations shall be not less than the minimum specified in the aircraft flight manual or operating limitations prescribed for the aircraft.

• (b)The flight crew shall include additional flight crew members when required by the type of operation and shall not be reduced below the number specified in the operations manual.

• (c)All flight crew members shall hold a licence and ratings issued or accepted in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 ([^E0083]) and appropriate to the duties assigned to them.

• (d)The flight crew member may be relieved in flight of his or her duties at the controls by another suitably qualified flight crew member.

• (e)When engaging the services of flight crew members who are working on a freelance or part-time basis, the operator shall verify that all applicable requirements of this Subpart and the relevant elements of Annex I (Part-FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011, including the requirements on recent experience, are complied with, taking into account all services rendered by the flight crew member to other operator(s) to determine in particular:

• (1) the total number of aircraft types or variants operated; and

• (2) the applicable flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements.

• (f)Specific requirements for helicopter operations

• If the helicopter is operated with a crew of two pilots, each pilot shall either:

• (1) hold a certificate of satisfactory completion of a multi-crew cooperation (MCC) course in helicopters in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011; or

- (2) have at least 500 hours of flight time as a pilot in multi-pilot operations.

ORO.FC.105   Designation as pilot-in-command/commander

• (a) In accordance with point 8.6 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, one pilot amongst the flight crew, qualified as pilot-in-command in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011, shall be designated by the operator as pilot-in-command or, for CAT operations with aeroplanes and helicopters, as commander.

• (b) The operator shall only designate a flight crew member to act as pilot-in-command or commander if all the following apply:
• (1) the flight crew member has the minimum level of experience specified in the operations manual;
• (2) the flight crew member has adequate knowledge of the route or area to be flown and of the aerodromes, including alternate aerodromes, vertiports, facilities and procedures to be used;
• (3) for multi-crew operations, the flight crew member has completed an operator’s command course if promoted from co-pilot to pilot-in-command/commander.

• (c) For both commercial operations with aeroplanes and helicopters and IAM operations with VCA, the pilot-in-command or commander or the pilot to whom the conduct of the flight may be delegated shall have received initial familiarisation training in the route or area to be flown and in the aerodromes, vertiports, diversion locations, facilities and procedures to be used, and shall maintain this knowledge as follows:
• (1) aerodrome or vertiport knowledge shall be maintained by operating at least once at an aerodrome or a vertiport within a 12-calendar-month period;
• (2) route or area knowledge or diversion location knowledge shall be maintained by operating at least once on a route or an area or at a diversion location within a 36-calendar-month period; in addition, refresher training is required regarding route or area knowledge if not operating on a route or an area for 12 months within the 36-calendar-month period.

- (d) Notwithstanding point (c), for operations conducted under VFR by day with performance class B and C aeroplanes and helicopters, familiarisation training in routes and aerodromes may be replaced by area familiarisation training.

ORO.FC.110   Flight engineer

When a separate flight engineer station is incorporated in the design of an aeroplane, the flight crew shall include one crew member who is suitably qualified in accordance with applicable national rules.

ORO.FC.115   Crew resource management (CRM) training

• (a)Before operating, the flight crew member shall have received CRM training, appropriate to his/her role, as specified in the operations manual.

- (b)Elements of CRM training shall be included in the aircraft type or class training and recurrent training as well as in the command course.

ORO.FC.120   Operator conversion training

• (a)The flight crew member shall complete the operator conversion training course before commencing unsupervised line flying:

• (1) when changing to an aircraft for which a new type or class rating is required;

• (2) each time the flight crew member joins an operator.

- (b)The operator conversion training course shall include training on the equipment installed on the aircraft as relevant to flight crew members’ roles.

ORO.FC.125   Differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training

• (a) Flight crew members shall complete differences training or familiarisation when required by Annex I (Part-FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011.

• (b) Flight crew members shall complete equipment and procedure training when changing equipment or changing procedures requiring additional knowledge on types or variants currently operated.

- (c) The operations manual shall specify when such differences training or familiarisation or equipment and procedure training is required.

ORO.FC.130   Recurrent training and checking

• (a)Each flight crew member shall complete annual recurrent flight and ground training relevant to the type or variant, and associated equipment of aircraft on which he or she operates, including training on the location and use of all emergency and safety equipment carried on board the aircraft.

- (b)Each flight crew member shall be periodically checked to demonstrate competence in carrying out normal, abnormal and emergency procedures.

ORO.FC.135   Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat

Flight crew members who may be assigned to operate in either pilot’s seat shall complete appropriate training and checking as specified in the operations manual.

ORO.FC.140   Operation on more than one type or variant

• (a) Flight crew members that operate more than one type or variant of aircraft shall comply with the requirements prescribed in this Subpart for each type or variant, unless credits related to the training, checking, and recent experience requirements are defined in the mandatory part of the operational suitability data established in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 for the relevant types or variants.

• (b) The operator may define groups of single-engined helicopter types. An operator proficiency check on one type shall be valid for all the other types within the group if both of the following conditions are met:
• (1) the group either includes only single-engined turbine helicopters operated under VFR or it includes only single-engined piston helicopters operated under VFR;
• (2) for CAT operations, at least two operator proficiency checks per type shall be conducted within a 3-year cycle.

• (c) For specialised operations, elements of the aircraft/FSTD training and operator proficiency check that cover the relevant aspects associated with the specialised task and are not related to the type or group of types may be credited towards the other groups or types, based on a risk assessment performed by the operator.

• (d) For operations with more than one helicopter type or variant or VCA type or variant used for conducting sufficiently similar operations, if line checks rotate between types or variants, each line check shall revalidate the line check for the other helicopter types or variants or VCA types or variants.

- (e) Appropriate procedures and any operational restrictions shall be specified in the operations manual for any operation on more than one type or variant.

ORO.FC.145   Provision of training, checking and assessment

• (a) All training, checking and assessment required in this Subpart shall be conducted in accordance with the training programmes and syllabi established by the operator in the operations manual;

• (b) When establishing the training programmes and syllabi, the operator shall include the relevant elements defined in the mandatory part of the operational suitability data established in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012.

• (c) For both CAT operations with airplanes and helicopters and IAM operations with VCA, the training and checking programmes, including the syllabi and means to deliver the programme such as individual flight simulation training devices (FSTDs) and other training solutions, shall be approved by the competent authority.

• (d) The FSTD used to meet the requirements of this Subpart shall be qualified in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 and it shall replicate the aircraft used by the operator, as far as practicable. Differences between the FSTD and the aircraft shall be described and addressed through a briefing or training, as appropriate.

• (e) The operator shall establish a system to adequately monitor changes to the FSTD and to ensure that those changes do not affect the adequacy of the training programmes.

• (f) The operator shall monitor the validity of each recurrent training and checking.

- (g) The validity periods required in this Subpart shall be counted from the end of the month in which the recency, training or check was completed.

ORO.FC.146   Personnel providing training, checking and assessment

• (a) All training, checking and assessment required in this Subpart shall be conducted by appropriately qualified personnel.

• (b) In the case of flight and flight simulation training, checking and assessment, the personnel that provide the training and conduct the checking or assessment shall be qualified in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011. Additionally, the personnel providing training and conducting checking towards specialised operations shall be suitably qualified for the relevant operation.

• (c) For an EBT programme, the personnel that performs assessment and provides training shall:
• (1) hold an Annex I (Part-FCL) instructor or examiner certificate;
• (2) complete the operator’s EBT instructor standardisation programme. This shall include an initial standardisation programme and a recurrent standardisation programme. Completion of the operator’s EBT initial standardisation will qualify the instructor to perform EBT practical assessment.

• (d) Notwithstanding point (b), the line evaluation of competence may be conducted by a suitably qualified commander nominated by the operator that is standardised in EBT concepts and the assessment of competencies (line evaluator).

• (e) Notwithstanding point (b), the aircraft/FSTD training and the operator proficiency check may be conducted by a suitably qualified commander, or pilot-in-command for IAM operations, that holds an FI/TRI/SFI certificate and is nominated by the operator for any of the following operations:
• (1) CAT operations with helicopters that meet the criteria defined in point ORO.FC.005(b)(2);
• (2) CAT operations with other than complex motor-powered helicopters by day and over routes navigated by reference to visual landmarks;
• (3) CAT operations with performance class B aeroplanes that do not meet the criteria defined in point ORO.FC.005(b)(1);
• (4) IAM operations with VCA by day and over routes navigated by reference to visual landmarks.

• (f) Notwithstanding point (b), the aircraft/FSTD training and the demonstration of competence/operator proficiency check may be conducted by a suitably qualified pilot-in-command/commander nominated by the operator for any of the following operations:
• (1) specialised operations;
• (2) CAT operations of aeroplanes meeting the criteria defined in point ORO.FC.005(b)(1).

• (g) Notwithstanding point (b), the line check may be conducted by a suitably qualified commander nominated by the operator.

- (h) The operator shall inform the competent authority about the persons nominated under points (e) to (g).

SECTION 2

Additional requirements for commercial air transport operations

ORO.FC.200   Composition of flight crew

• (a)There shall not be more than one inexperienced flight crew member in any flight crew.

• (b)The commander may delegate the conduct of the flight to another pilot suitably qualified in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 provided that the requirements of ORO.FC.105(b)(1), (b)(2) and (c) are complied with.

• (c)Specific requirements for aeroplane operations under instrument flight rules (IFR) or at night.

• (1) The minimum flight crew shall be two pilots for all turbo-propeller aeroplanes with a maximum operational passenger seating configuration (MOPSC) of more than nine and all turbojet aeroplanes.

• (2) Aeroplanes other than those covered by (c)(1) shall be operated with a minimum crew of two pilots, unless the requirements of ORO.FC.202 are complied with, in which case they may be operated by a single pilot.

• (d)Specific requirements for helicopter operations

- For all operations of helicopters with an MOPSC of more than 19 and for operations under IFR of helicopters with an MOPSC of more than 9, the minimum flight crew shall be two pilots.

ORO.FC.A.201   In-flight relief of flight crew members

• (a)The commander may delegate the conduct of the flight to:

• (1) another qualified commander; or

• (2) for operations only above flight level (FL) 200, a pilot who complies with the following minimum qualifications:
• (i) ATPL;
• (ii) conversion training and checking, including type rating training, in accordance with ORO.FC.220;
• (iii) all recurrent training and checking in accordance with ORO.FC.230 and ORO.FC.240;
• (iv) route/area and aerodrome competence in accordance with ORO.FC.105.

• (b)The co-pilot may be relieved by:

• (1) another suitably qualified pilot;

• (2) for operations only above FL 200, a cruise relief co-pilot that complies with the following minimum qualifications:
• (i) valid commercial pilot licence (CPL) with an instrument rating;
• (ii) conversion training and checking, including type rating training, in accordance with ORO.FC.220 except the requirement for take-off and landing training;
• (iii) recurrent training and checking in accordance with point ORO.FC.230, subject to the following conditions:
• (A) the checking shall not include take-off manoeuvres;
• (B) the checking shall include landing manoeuvres at least in the role of the pilot monitoring;

- (c)A flight engineer may be relieved in flight by a crew member suitably qualified in accordance with applicable national rules.

ORO.FC.202   Single-pilot operations under IFR or at night

In order to be able to fly under IFR or at night with a minimum flight crew of one pilot, the following shall be complied with:

• (a) The operator shall include in the operations manual a pilot’s conversion and recurrent training programme that includes the additional requirements for a single-pilot operation. The pilot shall have undertaken training on the operator’s procedures, in particular regarding:
• (1) engine management and emergency handling;
• (2) use of normal, abnormal and emergency checklist;
• (3) air traffic control (ATC) communication;
• (4) departure and approach procedures;
• (5) autopilot management, if applicable;
• (6) use of simplified in-flight documentation;
• (7) single-pilot crew resource management.

• (b) INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

• (c) For aeroplane operations under IFR the pilot shall have:
• (1) a minimum of 50 hours flight time under IFR on the relevant type or class of aeroplane, of which 10 hours are as commander; and
• (2) completed during the preceding 90 days on the relevant type or class of aeroplane:
• (i) five IFR flights, including three instrument approaches, in a single-pilot role; or
• (ii) an IFR instrument approach check.

• (d) For aeroplane operations at night the pilot shall have:
• (1) a minimum of 15 hours flight time at night which may be included in the 50 hours flight time under IFR in (c)(1); and
• (2) completed during the preceding 90 days on the relevant type or class of aeroplane:
• (i) three take-offs and landings at night in the single pilot role; or
• (ii) a night take-off and landing check.

- (e) For helicopter operations under IFR the pilot shall have:

• (1) 25 hours total IFR flight experience in the relevant operating environment; and
• (2) 25 hours flight experience as a single pilot on the specific type of helicopter, approved for single-pilot IFR, of which 10 hours may be flown under supervision, including five sectors of IFR line flying under supervision using the single-pilot procedures; and
• (3) completed during the preceding 90 days:
• (i) five IFR flights as a single pilot, including three instrument approaches, carried out on a helicopter approved for this purpose; or
• (ii) an IFR instrument approach check as a single pilot on the relevant type of helicopter, flight training device (FTD) or full flight simulator (FFS).

ORO.FC.205   Command course

• (a)For aeroplane and helicopter operations, the command course shall include at least the following elements:

• (1) training in an FSTD, which includes line oriented flight training (LOFT) and/or flight training;

• (2) the operator proficiency check, operating as commander;

• (3) command responsibilities training;

• (4) line training as commander under supervision, for a minimum of:
• (i) 10 flight sectors, in the case of aeroplanes; and
• (ii) 10 hours, including at least 10 flight sectors, in the case of helicopters;

• (5) completion of a line check as commander and demonstration of adequate knowledge of the route or area to be flown and of the aerodromes, including alternate aerodromes, facilities and procedures to be used; and

- (6) crew resource management training.

ORO.FC.215   Initial operator’s crew resource management (CRM) training

• (a)The flight crew member shall have completed an initial CRM training course before commencing unsupervised line flying.

• (b)Initial CRM training shall be conducted by at least one suitably qualified CRM trainer who may be assisted by experts in order to address specific areas.

- (c)If the flight crew member has not previously received theoretical training in human factors to the ATPL level, he/she shall complete, before or combined with the initial CRM training, a theoretical course provided by the operator and based on the human performance and limitations syllabus for the ATPL as established in Annex I (Part-FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011.

ORO.FC.220   Operator conversion training and checking

• (a)CRM training shall be integrated into the operator conversion training course.

• (b)Once an operator conversion course has been commenced, the flight crew member shall not be assigned to flying duties on another type or class of aircraft until the course is completed or terminated. Crew members operating only performance class B aeroplanes may be assigned to flights on other types of performance class B aeroplanes during conversion courses to the extent necessary to maintain the operation. Crew members may be assigned to flights on single-engined helicopters during an operator conversion course on a single-engined helicopter, provided that the training is unaffected.

• (c)The amount of training required by the flight crew member for the operator’s conversion course shall be determined in accordance with the standards of qualification and experience specified in the operations manual, taking into account his/her previous training and experience.

• (d)The flight crew member shall complete:

• (1) the operator proficiency check and the emergency and safety equipment training and checking before commencing line flying under supervision (LIFUS); and

• (2) the line check upon completion of line flying under supervision. For performance class B aeroplanes, LIFUS may be performed on any aeroplane within the applicable class.

• (e)In the case of aeroplanes, pilots that have been issued a type rating based on a zero flight-time training (‘ZFTT’) course shall:

• (1) commence line flying under supervision not later than 21 days after the completion of the skill test or after appropriate training provided by the operator. The content of that training shall be described in the operations manual;

• (2) complete six take-offs and landings in an FSTD not later than 21 days after the completion of the skill test under the supervision of a type rating instructor for aeroplanes (‘TRI(A)’) occupying the other pilot seat. The number of take-offs and landings may be reduced when credits are defined in the mandatory part of the operational suitability data established in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012. If those take-offs and landings have not been performed within 21 days, the operator shall provide refresher training the content of which shall be described in the operations manual;

• (3) conduct the first four take-offs and landings of the LIFUS in the aeroplane under the supervision of a TRI(A) occupying the other pilot seat. The number of take-offs and landings may be reduced when credits are defined in the mandatory part of the operational suitability data established in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012.

- (f)If operational circumstances, such as applying for a new AOC or adding a new aircraft type or class to the fleet, do not allow the operator to comply with the requirements in (d), the operator may develop a specific conversion course, to be used temporarily for a limited number of pilots.

ORO.FC.230   Recurrent training and checking

(a) Each flight crew member shall complete recurrent training and checking relevant to the type or variant, and associated equipment of aircraft on which they operate.

(b) Operator proficiency check

• (1) Each flight crew member shall complete operator proficiency checks as part of the normal crew complement.

• (2) When the flight crew member will be required to operate under IFR, the operator proficiency check shall be conducted without external visual reference, as appropriate.

- (3) The validity period of the operator proficiency check shall be 6 calendar months. For operations under VFR by day of performance class B aeroplanes that are conducted during seasons not longer than 8 consecutive months, one operator proficiency check shall be sufficient. The proficiency check shall be undertaken before commencing CAT operations.

(c) Line check

Each flight crew member shall complete a line check on the aircraft. The validity period of the line check shall be 12 calendar months.

(d) Emergency and safety equipment training and checking

Each flight crew member shall complete recurrent training and checking on the location and use of all emergency and safety equipment carried on board the aircraft. The validity period of an emergency and safety equipment training and checking shall be 12 calendar months.

(e) CRM training

• (1) Elements of CRM shall be integrated into all appropriate phases of the recurrent training.

- (2) Each flight crew member shall undergo specific modular CRM training. All major topics of CRM training shall be covered by distributing modular training sessions as evenly as possible over each 3-year period.

(f) Each flight crew member shall undergo ground training and flight training in an FSTD or an aircraft, or a combination of FSTD and aircraft training, at least every 12 calendar months.

ORO.FC.231   Evidence-based training

• (a) EBT PROGRAMME
• (1) The operator may substitute the requirements of ORO.FC.230 by establishing, implementing and maintaining a suitable EBT programme approved by the competent authority. The operator shall demonstrate its capability to support the implementation of the EBT programme (including an implementation plan) and perform a safety risk assessment demonstrating how an equivalent level of safety is achieved.
• (2) The EBT programme shall:
• (i) correspond to the size of the operator, and the nature and complexity of its activities, taking into account the hazards and associated risks inherent in those activities;
• (ii) ensure pilot competence by assessing and developing pilot competencies required for a safe, effective and efficient operation of aircraft;
• (iii) ensure that each pilot is exposed to the assessment and training topics derived in accordance with ORO.FC.232;
• (iv) include at least six EBT modules distributed across a 3-year programme; each EBT module shall consist of an evaluation phase and a training phase. The validity period of a EBT module shall be 12 months;
• (A) The evaluation phase comprises a line-orientated flight scenario (or scenarios) to assess all competencies and identify individual training needs.
• (B) The training phase comprises:
• (a) the manoeuvres training phase, comprising training to proficiency in certain defined manoeuvres;
• (b) the scenario-based training phase, comprising a line-orientated flight scenario (or scenarios) to develop competencies and address individual training needs. The training phase shall be conducted in a timely manner after the evaluation phase.
• (3) The operator shall ensure that each pilot enrolled in the EBT programme completes:
• (i) a minimum of two EBT modules within the validity period of the type rating, separated by a period of not less than 3 months. The EBT module is completed when:
• (A) the content of the EBT programme is completed for that EBT module (exposure of the pilot to the assessment and training topics); and
• (B) an acceptable level of performance in all observed competencies has been demonstrated;
• (ii) line evaluation(s) of competence; and
• (iii) ground training.
• (4) The operator shall establish an EBT instructor standardisation and concordance assurance programme to ensure that the instructors involved in EBT are properly qualified to perform their tasks.
• (i) All instructors must be subject to this programme;
• (ii) The operator shall use appropriate methods and metrics to assess concordance;
• (iii) The operator shall demonstrate that the instructors have sufficient concordance.
• (5) The EBT programme may include contingency procedures for unforeseen circumstances that could affect the delivery of the EBT modules. The operator shall demonstrate the need for those procedures. The procedures shall ensure that a pilot does not continue line operations if the performance observed was below the minimum acceptable level. They may include:
• (i) a different separation period between EBT modules; and
• (ii) different order of the phases of the EBT module.

• (b) COMPETENCY FRAMEWORK The operator shall use a competency framework for all aspects of assessment and training within an EBT programme. The competency framework shall:
• (1) be comprehensive, accurate, and usable;
• (2) include observable behaviours required for safe, effective and efficient operations;
• (3) include a defined set of competencies, their descriptions and their associated observable behaviours.

• (c) TRAINING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
• (1) The EBT system performance shall be measured and evaluated through a feedback process in order to:
• (i) validate and refine the operator’s EBT programme;
• (ii) ascertain that the operator’s EBT programme develops pilot competencies.
• (2) The feedback process shall be included in the operator’s management system.
• (3) The operator shall develop procedures governing the protection of EBT data.

• (d) GRADING SYSTEM
• (1) The operator shall use a grading system to assess the pilot competencies. The grading system shall ensure:
• (i) a sufficient level of detail to enable accurate and useful measurements of individual performance;
• (ii) a performance criterion and a scale for each competency, with a point on the scale which determines the minimum acceptable level to be achieved for the conduct of line operations. The operator shall develop procedures to address low performance of the pilot;
• (iii) data integrity;
• (iv) data security.
• (2) The operator shall verify at regular intervals the accuracy of the grading system against a criterion-referenced system.

• (e) SUITABLE TRAINING DEVICES AND VOLUME OF HOURS TO COMPLETE THE OPERATOR’S EBT PROGRAMME
• (1) Each EBT module shall be conducted in an FSTD with a qualification level adequate to ensure the correct delivery of the assessment and training topics.
• (2) The operator shall provide a sufficient volume of hours in the suitable training device for the pilot to complete the operator’s EBT programme. The criteria to determine the volume of the EBT programme are as follows:
• (i) The volume corresponds to the size and complexity of the EBT programme;
• (ii) The volume is sufficient to complete the EBT programme;
• (iii) The volume ensures an effective EBT programme taking into account the recommendations provided by ICAO, the Agency, and the competent authority;
• (iv) The volume corresponds to the technology of the training devices used.

• (f) EQUIVALENCY OF MALFUNCTIONS
• (1) Each pilot shall receive assessment and training in the management of aircraft system malfunctions.
• (2) Aircraft system malfunctions that place a significant demand on a proficient crew shall be organised by reference to the following characteristics:
• (i) immediacy;
• (ii) complexity;
• (iii) degradation of aircraft control;
• (iv) loss of instrumentation;
• (v) management of consequences.
• (3) Each pilot shall be exposed to at least one malfunction for each characteristic at the frequency determined by the table of assessment and training topics.
• (4) Demonstrated proficiency in the management of one malfunction is considered equivalent to demonstrated proficiency in the management of other malfunctions with the same characteristics.

• (g) EQUIVALENCY OF APPROACHES RELEVANT TO OPERATIONS
• (1) The operator shall ensure that each pilot receives regular training in the conduct of approach types and approach methods relevant to operations.
• (2) This training shall include approaches that place an additional demand on a proficient crew.
• (3) This training shall include the approaches that require specific approval in accordance with Annex V (Part- SPA) to this Regulation.

• (h) LINE EVALUATION OF COMPETENCE
• (1) Each pilot shall periodically undertake a line evaluation of competence in an aircraft to demonstrate the safe, effective and efficient conduct of normal line operations described in the operations manual.
• (2) The validity period of a line evaluation of competence shall be 12 months.
• (3) The operator approved for EBT may, with the approval of the competent authority, extend the validity of the line evaluation of competence to:
• (i) either 2 years, subject to a risk assessment;
• (ii) or 3 years, subject to a feedback process for the monitoring of line operations which identifies threats to the operations, minimises the risks of such threats, and implements measures to manage human error in the operations.
• (4) For successful completion of the line evaluation of competence, the pilot shall demonstrate an acceptable level of performance in all observed competencies.

- (i) GROUND TRAINING

• (1) Every 12 calendar months, each pilot shall undergo:
• (i) technical ground training;
• (ii) assessment and training on the location and use of all emergency and safety equipment carried on the aircraft.
• (2) The operator may, with the approval of the competent authority and subject to a risk assessment, extend the period of assessment and training on the location and use of all emergency and safety equipment carried on the aircraft to 24 months.

ORO.FC.232   EBT programme assessment and training topics

• (a) The operator shall ensure that each pilot is exposed to the assessment and training topics.

- (b) The assessment and training topics shall be:

• (1) derived from safety and operational data that are used to identify the areas for improvement and prioritisation of pilot training to guide in the construction of suitable EBT programmes;
• (2) distributed across a 3-year period at a defined frequency;
• (3) relevant to the type or variant of aircraft on which the pilot operates.

ORO.FC.235   Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat — aeroplanes

• (a) Commanders of aeroplanes whose duties require them to operate in either pilot’s seat and carry out the duties of a co-pilot, or commanders required to conduct training or checking duties shall complete additional training and checking to ensure that they are proficient in conducting the relevant normal, abnormal and emergency procedures from either seat. Such training and checking shall be specified in the operations manual. The checking may be conducted together with the operator proficiency check prescribed in ORO.FC.230(b) or in the EBT programme prescribed in ORO.FC.231.

• (b) The additional training and checking shall include at least the following:
• (1) an engine failure during take-off;
• (2) a one-engine-inoperative approach and go-around; and
• (3) a one-engine-inoperative landing.

• (c) The validity period shall be 12 calendar months. For operators with an approved EBT programme, the validity is determined by the assessment and training topics in accordance with ORO.FC.232.

• (d) When operating in the co-pilot’s seat, the checks required by ORO.FC.230 or the assessment and training required by ORO.FC.231 for operating in the commander’s seat shall, in addition, be valid and current.

• (e) The pilot relieving the commander shall have demonstrated, concurrent with the operator proficiency checks prescribed in ORO.FC.230(b) or the assessment and training required by ORO.FC.231, practice of drills and procedures that would not normally be his or her responsibility. Where the differences between left- and right-hand seats are not significant, practice may be conducted in either seat.

- (f) The pilot, other than the commander, occupying the commander’s seat shall demonstrate practice of drills and procedures, concurrent with the operator proficiency checks prescribed in ORO.FC.230(b) or the assessment and training required by ORO.FC.231, which are the commander’s responsibility acting as pilot monitoring. Where the differences between left- and right-hand seats are not significant, practice may be conducted in either seat.

ORO.FC.236   Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat — helicopters

• (a) Helicopter pilots whose duties require them to operate in either pilot’s seat shall complete additional training and checking to ensure that they are proficient in conducting the relevant normal, abnormal and emergency procedures from either seat. The validity period of this qualification shall be 12 calendar months.

- (b) Current FIs or TRIs on the relevant type are considered to fulfil the requirement of point (a) if they have had a FI or TRI activity in the last 6 months on that type and on the helicopter.

ORO.FC.240   Operation on more than one type or variant

• (a)The procedures or operational restrictions for operation on more than one type or variant established in the operations manual and approved by the competent authority shall cover:

• (1) the flight crew members’ minimum experience level;

• (2) the minimum experience level on one type or variant before beginning training for and operation of another type or variant;

• (3) the process whereby flight crew qualified on one type or variant will be trained and qualified on another type or variant; and

• (4) all applicable recent experience requirements for each type or variant.

• (b)INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

- (c)Point (a) shall not apply to operations of performance class B aeroplanes if they are limited to single-pilot classes of reciprocating engine aeroplanes under VFR by day.

ORO.FC.A.245   Alternative training and qualification programme

• (a)The aeroplane operator having appropriate experience may substitute one or more of the following training and checking requirements for flight crew by an alternative training and qualification programme (ATQP), approved by the competent authority:

• (1) set out in point SPA.LVO.120 on flight crew training and qualifications;

• (2) set out in point ORO.FC.220 on conversion training and checking;

• (3) set out in point ORO.FC.125 on differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training;

• (4) set out in point ORO.FC.205 on command course;

• (5) set out in point ORO.FC.230 on recurrent training and checking; and

• (6) set out in point ORO.FC.240 on operation on more than one type or variant.

• (b)The ATQP shall contain training and checking that establishes and maintains at least an equivalent level of proficiency achieved by complying with the provisions of ORO.FC.220 and ORO.FC.230. The level of flight crew training and qualification proficiency shall be demonstrated prior to being granted the ATQP approval by the competent authority.

• (c)The operator applying for an ATQP approval shall provide the competent authority with an implementation plan, including a description of the level of flight crew training and qualification proficiency to be achieved.

• (d)In addition to the checks required by points ORO.FC.230 and FCL.060 of Annex I (Part-FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011, each flight crew member shall complete a line oriented evaluation (LOE) conducted in an FSTD. The validity period of an LOE shall be 12 calendar months. The LOE is completed when both of the following conditions are met:

• (1) the syllabus of the LOE is completed; and

• (2) the flight crew member has demonstrated an acceptable level of performance.

• (e)After 2 years of operating with an approved ATQP, the operator may, with the approval of the competent authority, extend the validity periods of the checks referred to in point ORO.FC.230 as follows:

• (1) Operator proficiency check to 12 calendar months.

• (2) Line check to 24 calendar months.

• (3) Emergency and safety equipment checking to 24 calendar months.

• (f)Each flight crew member shall undergo specific modular CRM training. All major topics of CRM training shall be covered by distributing modular training sessions as evenly as possible over each 3-year period.

- (g)The ATQP programme shall include 48 hours on an FSTD for each flight crew member, distributed evenly over a 3-year programme. The operator may reduce the number of FSTD hours, but no lower than 36 hours, provided that it demonstrates that the level of safety that is achieved is equivalent to that of the programme the ATQP may substitute in accordance with point (a).

ORO.FC.A.250   Commanders holding a CPL(A)

• (a)The holder of a CPL(A) (aeroplane) shall only act as commander in commercial air transport on a single-pilot aeroplane if either of the following conditions is met:

• (1) when carrying passengers under VFR outside a radius of 50 NM (90 km) from an aerodrome of departure, he/she has a minimum of 500 hours of flight time on aeroplanes or holds a valid instrument rating;

• (2) when operating on a multi-engine type under IFR, he/she has a minimum of 700 hours of flight time on aeroplanes, including 400 hours as pilot-in-command. These hours shall include 100 hours under IFR and 40 hours in multi-engine operations. The 400 hours as pilot-in-command may be substituted by hours operating as co-pilot within an established multi-pilot crew system prescribed in the operations manual, on the basis of two hours of flight time as co-pilot for one hour of flight time as pilot-in command;

• (3) when operating on a single-engined aeroplane under IFR, he/she has a minimum of 700 hours of flight time on aeroplanes, including 400 hours as pilot-in-command. Those hours shall include 100 hours under IFR. The 400 hours as pilot-in-command may be substituted by hours operating as co-pilot within an established multi-pilot crew system prescribed in the operations manual, on the basis of two hours of flight time as co-pilot for one hour of flight time as pilot-in command.

- (b)For operations under VFR by day of performance class B aeroplanes (a)(1) shall not apply.

ORO.FC.H.250   Commanders holding a CPL(H)

• (a)Holders of a CPL(H) (helicopter) shall only act as commanders in CAT operations on a single-pilot helicopter if:

• (1) when operating under IFR, they have a minimum of 700 hours total flight time on helicopters, including 300 hours as pilot-in-command. The total flight time on helicopters shall include 100 hours under IFR. Up to 50 hours instrument time performed on an FFS(H) level B or FTD level 3 qualification or higher qualified for instrument training, may be credited towards the 100 hours. The 300 hours as pilot-in-command may be substituted by hours operating as co-pilot within an established multi-pilot crew system prescribed in the operations manual on the basis of 2 hours of flight time as co-pilot for 1 hour flight time as pilot-in command;

- (2) when operating under visual meteorological conditions (VMC) at night, he/she has:

• (i) a valid instrument rating; or
• (ii) 300 hours of flight time on helicopters, including 100 hours as pilot-in-command and 10 hours as pilot flying at night.

SECTION 3

Additional requirements for commercial specialised operations and CAT operations referred to in ORO.FC.005(b)(1) and (2)

ORO.FC.320   Operator conversion training and checking

The operator conversion course shall include an operator proficiency check.

ORO.FC.325   Equipment and procedure training and checking

If a flight crew member undergoes equipment and procedure training that requires training on a suitable FSTD or the aircraft, with regard to standard operating procedures related to a specialised operation, the flight crew member shall undergo an operator proficiency check.

ORO.FC.330   Recurrent training and checking — operator proficiency check

• (a) Each flight crew member shall complete recurrent training and operator proficiency checks. In the case of specialised operations, the recurrent training and checking shall cover the relevant aspects associated with the specialised tasks described in the operations manual.

• (b) Appropriate consideration shall be given when operations are undertaken under IFR or at night.

- (c) The validity period of the operator proficiency check shall be 12 calendar months.

SECTION 4

Additional requirements for IAM operations with manned VTOL-capable aircraft (VCA)

ORO.FC.400 Flight crew composition

The minimum flight crew composition for IAM operations with manned VTOL-capable aircraft (VCA) shall correspond to that specified in the operations manual, considering the minimum number specified in the flight manual or in other documents associated with the certificate of airworthiness (CofA) of the particular aircraft.

ORO.FC.415 Initial operator’s crew resource management (CRM) training

• (a) The flight crew member shall complete an initial CRM training course before commencing unsupervised line flying.

- (b) The initial CRM training course shall be conducted by at least one suitably qualified CRM trainer who may be assisted by experts in order to address specific training areas.

ORO.FC.420 Operator conversion training and checking

• (a) CRM training shall be integrated into the operator conversion training course.

• (b) Once an IAM operator conversion training course starts, the flight crew member shall not be assigned to flying duties on another type or class of aircraft until the training course is completed or terminated.

• (c) The amount of training required by the flight crew member for the IAM operator’s conversion course shall be determined in accordance with the standards of qualification and experience specified in the operations manual, taking into account the flight crew member’s previous training and experience.

• (d) The flight crew member shall complete:
• (1) the IAM operator proficiency check and the emergency and safety equipment training and checking before commencing line flying under supervision (LIFUS); and
• (2) the line check upon completion of LIFUS.

- (e) If operational circumstances, such as applying for a new AOC or adding a new aircraft type or class to the fleet, do not allow the IAM operator to comply with the requirements in point (d), that operator may develop a specific conversion course to be used temporarily for a limited number of flight crew members.

ORO.FC.430 Recurrent training and checking

• (a) Each flight crew member shall complete recurrent training and checking relevant to the VCA type or variant on which they operate, and to associated equipment.

• (b) IAM operator proficiency check
• (1) Each flight crew member shall complete the IAM operator proficiency checks as part of the normal crew complement to demonstrate their competence in applying normal, abnormal and emergency procedures, covering the relevant aspects associated with the tasks described in the operations manual.
• (2) Reserved.
• (3) The validity period of the IAM operator proficiency check shall be 6 calendar months.

• (c) Line check Each flight crew member shall complete a line check on the VCA. The validity period of the line check shall be 12 calendar months.

• (d) Emergency and safety equipment training and checking Each flight crew member shall complete recurrent training and checking with regard to the location and use of all emergency and safety equipment carried on board the aircraft. The validity period of an emergency and safety equipment check shall be 12 calendar months.

• (e) CRM training
• (1) CRM training elements shall be integrated into all appropriate phases of the recurrent training.
• (2) Each flight crew member shall receive specific modular CRM training. All major topics of the CRM training shall be covered by distributing modular training sessions as evenly as possible over each 3-year period.

- (f) Each flight crew member shall receive ground training and flight training in an FSTD or a VCA, or a combination of FSTD and VCA training, at least every 12 calendar months.

ORO.FC.440 Conducting operations on more than one type or variant

• (a) The procedures or operational restrictions for conducting operations on more than one type or variant established in the operations manual and approved by the competent authority shall cover:
• (1) the flight crew members’ minimum experience required;
• (2) the minimum experience required for a given type or variant before commencing training in and operation on another type or variant;
• (3) the process whereby flight crew members qualified on one type or variant will be trained in and qualify for another type or variant; and
• (4) all applicable recent experience requirements for each type or variant.

- (b) Flight crew members should not operate more than three aircraft types or groups of types, including at least one VCA.

SUBPART CC

CABIN CREW

ORO.CC.005   Scope

This Subpart establishes the requirements to be met by the operator when operating an aircraft with cabin crew and comprises:

• (a) Section 1 specifying common requirements applicable to all operations; and

- (b) Section 2 specifying additional requirements only applicable to commercial air transport operations.

SECTION 1

Common requirements

ORO.CC.100   Number and composition of cabin crew

• (a) For the operation of aircraft with an MOPSC of more than 19, at least one cabin crew member shall be assigned when carrying one or more passenger(s).

• (b) For the purpose of complying with point (a), the minimum number of cabin crew members shall be the greatest number amongst the following:
• (1) the number of cabin crew members established during the aircraft certification process in accordance with the applicable certification specifications, for the aircraft cabin configuration used by the operator;
• (2) if the number under point (1) has not been established, the number of cabin crew members established during the aircraft certification process for the maximum certified passenger seating configuration reduced by 1 for every whole multiple of 50 passenger seats of the aircraft cabin configuration used by the operator falling below the maximum certified seating capacity;
• (3) one cabin crew member for every 50, or fraction of 50, passenger seats installed on the same deck of the aircraft to be operated.

• (c) For operations with more than one cabin crew member, the operator shall nominate one cabin crew member accountable to the pilot-in-command or the commander.

- (d) By way of derogation from point (a), non-commercial operations with aircraft with an MOPSC of more than 19 may be performed without an operating cabin crew member, subject to the prior approval by the competent authority. To obtain the approval, the operator shall ensure that all of the following conditions are fulfilled:

• (1) there are maximum 19 passengers on board;
• (2) the operator has developed procedures for that operation.

ORO.CC.110   Conditions for assignment to duties

• (a)Cabin crew members shall only be assigned to duties on an aircraft if they:

• (1) are at least 18 years of age;

• (2) have been assessed, in accordance with the applicable requirements of Annex IV (Part-MED) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011, as physically and mentally fit to perform their duties and discharge their responsibilities safely; and

• (3) have successfully completed all applicable training and checking required by this Subpart and are competent to perform the assigned duties in accordance with the procedures specified in the operations manual.

• (b)Before assigning to duties cabin crew members who are working on a freelance or part-time basis, the operator shall verify that all applicable requirements of this Subpart are complied with, taking into account all services rendered by the cabin crew member to any other operator(s), to determine in particular: