Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 of 5 October 2012 laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to air operations pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council

• (1) the total number of aircraft types and variants operated; and

• (2) the applicable flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements.

- (c)Operating cabin crew members, as well as their role with regard to the safety of passengers and flight, shall be clearly identified to the passengers.

ORO.CC.115   Conduct of training courses and associated checking

• (a)A detailed programme and syllabus shall be established by the operator for each training course in accordance with the applicable requirements of this Subpart, and of Annex V (Part-CC) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 where applicable, to cover the duties and responsibilities to be discharged by the cabin crew members.

• (b)Each training course shall include theoretical and practical instruction together with individual or collective practice, as relevant to each training subject, in order that the cabin crew member achieves and maintains the adequate level of proficiency in accordance with this Subpart.

• (c)Each training course shall be:

• (1) conducted in a structured and realistic manner; and

• (2) performed by personnel appropriately qualified for the subject to be covered.

• (d)During or following completion of all training required by this Subpart, each cabin crew member shall undergo a check covering all training elements of the relevant training programme, except for crew resource management (CRM) training. Checks shall be performed by personnel appropriately qualified to verify that the cabin crew member has achieved and/or maintains the required level of proficiency.

- (e)CRM training courses and CRM modules where applicable shall be conducted by a cabin crew CRM instructor. When CRM elements are integrated in other training, a cabin crew CRM instructor shall manage the definition and implementation of the syllabus.

ORO.CC.120   Initial training course

• (a)Each new entrant who does not already hold a valid cabin crew attestation issued in accordance with Annex V (Part-CC) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011:

• (1) shall be provided with an initial training course as specified in CC.TRA.220 of that Annex; and

• (2) shall successfully undergo the associated examination before undertaking other training required by this Subpart.

- (b)Elements of the initial training programme may be combined with the first aircraft type specific training and operator conversion training, provided that the requirements of CC.TRA.220 are met and any such element(s) are recorded as elements of the initial training course in the training records of the cabin crew members concerned.

ORO.CC.125   Aircraft type specific training and operator conversion training

• (a)Each cabin crew member shall have completed appropriate aircraft type specific training and operator conversion training, as well as the associated checks, before being:

• (1) first assigned by the operator to operate as a cabin crew member; or

• (2) assigned by that operator to operate on another aircraft type.

• (b)When establishing the aircraft type specific and the operator conversion training programmes and syllabi, the operator shall include, where available, the relevant elements defined in the mandatory part of the operational suitability data established in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012.

• (c)The aircraft type specific training programme shall:

• (1) involve training and practice on a representative training device or on the actual aircraft; and

• (2) cover at least the following aircraft type specific training elements:
• (i) aircraft description as relevant to cabin crew duties;
• (ii) all safety equipment and systems installed relevant to cabin crew duties;
• (iii) operation and actual opening, by each cabin crew member, of each type or variant of normal and emergency doors and exits in the normal and emergency modes;
• (iv) demonstration of the operation of the other exits including flight crew compartment windows;
• (v) fire and smoke protection equipment where installed;
• (vi) evacuation slide training, where fitted;
• (vii) operation of the seat, restraint system and oxygen system equipment relevant to pilot incapacitation.

• (d)The operator conversion training programme for each aircraft type to be operated shall:

• (1) involve training and practice on a representative training device or on the actual aircraft;

• (2) include training in the operator’s standard operating procedures for cabin crew members to be first assigned to duties by the operator;

- (3) cover at least the following operator specific training elements as relevant to the aircraft type to be operated:

• (i) description of the cabin configuration;
• (ii) location, removal and use of all portable safety and emergency equipment carried on-board;
• (iii) all normal and emergency procedures;
• (iv) passenger handling and crowd control;
• (v) fire and smoke training including the use of all related fire-fighting and protective equipment representative of that carried on-board;
• (vi) evacuation procedures;
• (vii) pilot incapacitation procedures;
• (viii) applicable security requirements and procedures;
• (ix) crew resource management.

ORO.CC.130   Differences training

• (a)In addition to the training required in ORO.CC.125, the cabin crew member shall complete appropriate training and checking covering any differences before being assigned on:

• (1) a variant of an aircraft type currently operated; or

• (2) a currently operated aircraft type or variant with different:
• (i) safety equipment;
• (ii) safety and emergency equipment location; or
• (iii) normal and emergency procedures.

• (b)The differences training programme shall:

• (1) be determined as necessary on the basis of a comparison with the training programme completed by the cabin crew member, in accordance with ORO.CC.125(c) and (d), for the relevant aircraft type; and

• (2) involve training and practice in a representative training device or the actual aircraft as relevant to the difference training element to be covered.

- (c)When establishing a differences training programme and syllabus for a variant of an aircraft type currently operated, the operator shall include, where available, the relevant elements defined in the mandatory part of the operational suitability data established in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012.

ORO.CC.135   Familiarisation

After completion of aircraft type specific training and operator conversion training on an aircraft type, each cabin crew member shall complete appropriate supervised familiarisation on the type before being assigned to operate as a member of the minimum number of cabin crew required in accordance with ORO.CC.100.

ORO.CC.140   Recurrent training

• (a)Each cabin crew member shall complete annually recurrent training and checking.

• (b)Recurrent training shall cover the actions assigned to each member of the cabin crew in normal and emergency procedures and drills relevant to each aircraft type and/or variant to be operated.

• (c)Aircraft type specific training elements:

• (1) Recurrent training shall include annually touch-drills by each cabin crew member for simulating the operation of each type or variant of normal and emergency doors and exits for passenger evacuation.

• (2) Recurrent training shall also include at intervals not exceeding three years:
• (i) operation and actual opening by each cabin crew member, in a representative training device or in the actual aircraft, of each type or variant of normal and emergency exits in the normal and emergency modes;
• (ii) actual operation by each cabin crew member, in a representative training device or in the actual aircraft, of the flight crew compartment security door, in both normal and emergency modes, and of the seat and restraint system, and a practical demonstration of the oxygen system equipment relevant to pilot incapacitation;
• (iii) demonstration of the operation of all other exits including the flight crew compartment windows; and
• (iv) demonstration of the use of the life-raft, or slide raft, where fitted.

• (d)Operator specific training elements:

• (1) Recurrent training shall include annually:
• (i) by each cabin crew member:
• (A) location and handling of all safety and emergency equipment installed or carried on board; and
• (B) the donning of life-jackets, portable oxygen and protective breathing equipment (PBE);
• (ii) stowage of articles in the passenger compartment;
• (iii) procedures related to aircraft surface contamination;
• (iv) emergency procedures;
• (v) evacuation procedures;
• (vi) incident and accident review;
• (vii) crew resource management;
• (viii) aero-medical aspects and first aid including related equipment;
• (ix) security procedures.

• (2) Recurrent training shall also include at intervals not exceeding three years:
• (i) use of pyrotechnics (actual or representative devices);
• (ii) practical demonstration of the use of flight crew checklists;
• (iii) realistic and practical training in the use of all fire-fighting equipment, including protective clothing, representative of that carried in the aircraft;
• (iv) by each cabin crew member:
• (A) extinguishing a fire characteristic of an aircraft interior fire;
• (B) donning and use of PBE in an enclosed simulated smoke-filled environment.

• (e)Validity periods:

• (1) The annual recurrent training validity period shall be 12 calendar months counted from the end of the month when the check was taken.

• (2) If the recurrent training and checking required in (a) are undertaken within the last three calendar months of the validity period, the new validity period shall be counted from the original expiry date.

- (3) For the additional triennial training elements specified in (c)(2) and (d)(2), the validity period shall be 36 calendar months counted from the end of the month when the checks were taken.

ORO.CC.145   Refresher training

• (a)When a cabin crew member, during the preceding six months within the validity period of the last relevant recurrent training and checking:

• (1) has not performed any flying duties, he/she shall, before being reassigned to such duties, complete refresher training and checking for each aircraft type to be operated; or

• (2) has not performed flying duties on one particular aircraft type, he/she shall, before being reassigned to duties, complete on that aircraft type:
• (i) refresher training and checking; or
• (ii) two familiarisation flights in accordance with ORO.CC.135.

• (b)The refresher training programme for each aircraft type shall at least cover:

• (1) emergency procedures;

• (2) evacuation procedures;

• (3) operation and actual opening, by each cabin crew member, of each type or variant of normal and emergency exits and of the flight crew compartment security door in the normal and emergency modes;

• (4) demonstration of the operation of all other exits including the flight crew compartment windows;

• (5) location and handling of all relevant safety and emergency equipment installed or carried on-board.

- (c)The operator may elect to replace refresher training by recurrent training if the reinstatement of the cabin crew member’s flying duties commences within the validity period of the last recurrent training and checking. If that validity period has expired, refresher training may only be replaced by aircraft type specific and operator conversion training as specified in ORO.CC.125.

SECTION 2

Additional requirements for commercial air transport operations

ORO.CC.200   Senior cabin crew member

• (a)When more than one cabin crew member is required, the composition of the cabin crew shall include a senior cabin crew member nominated by the operator.

• (b)The operator shall nominate cabin crew members to the position of senior cabin crew member only if they:

• (1) have at least one year of experience as operating cabin crew member; and

• (2) have successfully completed a senior cabin crew training course and the associated check.

• (c)The senior cabin crew training course shall cover all duties and responsibilities of senior cabin crew members and shall include at least the following elements:

• (1) pre-flight briefing;

• (2) cooperation with the crew;

• (3) review of operator requirements and legal requirements;

• (4) accident and incident reporting;

• (5) human factors and crew resource management (CRM); and

• (6) flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements.

• (d)The senior cabin crew member shall be responsible to the commander for the conduct and coordination of normal and emergency procedures specified in the operations manual, including for discontinuing non-safety-related duties for safety or security purposes.

- (e)The operator shall establish procedures to select the most appropriately qualified cabin crew member to act as senior cabin crew member if the nominated senior cabin crew member becomes unable to operate. Changes to these procedures shall be notified to the competent authority.

ORO.CC.205   Reduction of the number of cabin crew members during ground operations and in unforeseen circumstances

• (a) Whenever passengers are on board an aircraft, the minimum number of cabin crew members required in accordance with point ORO.CC.100 shall be present in the aircraft and ready to act.

• (b) By way of derogation from point (a), the minimum number of cabin crew members may be reduced in either of the following cases:
• (1) during normal ground operations not involving refuelling or defuelling when the aircraft is at its parking station;
• (2) in unforeseen circumstances if the number of passengers carried on the flight is reduced. In this case, a report shall be submitted to the competent authority after completion of the flight;
• (3) for the purpose of providing in-flight rest during the cruise phase, either in accordance with point ORO.FTL.205(e) or as a fatigue mitigation implemented by the operator.

• (c) For the purposes of points (b)(1) and (b)(2), the operator's procedures of the operations manual shall ensure that:
• (1) an equivalent level of safety is achieved with the reduced number of cabin crew members, in particular for evacuation of passengers;
• (2) despite the reduced number of cabin crew members a senior cabin crew member is present in accordance with point ORO.CC.200;
• (3) at least one cabin crew member is required for every 50, or fraction of 50, passengers present on the same deck of the aircraft;
• (4) in the case of normal ground operations with aircraft requiring more than one cabin crew member, the number determined in accordance with point (3) shall be increased by one cabin crew member per each pair of floor level emergency exits.

- (d) For the purposes of point (b)(3), the operator shall:

• (1) conduct a risk assessment to determine the number of cabin crew members who are to be present and ready to act at all times during cruise;
• (2) identify measures to mitigate the effects of having a lower number of cabin crew members being present and ready to act during cruise;
• (3) establish in the operations manual specific procedures, including for the in-flight rest of the senior cabin crew member, that ensure at all times appropriate passenger handling and efficient management of any abnormal or emergency situations;
• (4) specify, in the flight time specification scheme in accordance with point ORO.FTL.125, the conditions under which in-flight rest may be provided to the cabin crew members.

ORO.CC.210   Additional conditions for assignment to duties

Cabin crew members shall only be assigned to duties, and operate, on a particular aircraft type or variant if they:

• (a) hold a valid attestation issued in accordance with Annex V (Part-CC) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011;

• (b) are qualified on the type or variant in accordance with this Subpart;

• (c) comply with the other applicable requirements of this Subpart and Annex IV (Part-CAT);

- (d) wear the operator’s cabin crew uniform.

ORO.CC.215   Training and checking programs and related documentation

• (a)Training and checking programmes including syllabi required by this Subpart shall be approved by the competent authority and specified in the operations manual.

• (b)After a cabin crew member has successfully completed a training course and the associated check, the operator shall:

• (1) update the cabin crew member’s training records in accordance with ORO.MLR.115; and

- (2) provide him/her with a list showing updated validity periods as relevant to the aircraft type(s) and variant(s) on which the cabin crew member is qualified to operate.

ORO.CC.250   Operation on more than one aircraft type or variant

• (a)A cabin crew member shall not be assigned to operate on more than three aircraft types, except that, with the approval of the competent authority, the cabin crew member may be assigned to operate on four aircraft types if for at least two of the types:

• (1) safety and emergency equipment and type-specific normal and emergency procedures are similar; and

• (2) non-type-specific normal and emergency procedures are identical.

• (b)For the purpose of (a) and for cabin crew training and qualifications, the operator shall determine:

• (1) each aircraft as a type or a variant taking into account, where available, the relevant elements defined in the mandatory part of the operational suitability data established in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 for the relevant aircraft type or variant; and

- (2) variants of an aircraft type to be different types if they are not similar in the following aspects:

• (i) emergency exit operation;
• (ii) location and type of portable safety and emergency equipment;
• (iii) type-specific emergency procedures.

ORO.CC.255   Single cabin crew member operations

• (a)The operator shall select, recruit, train and check the proficiency of cabin crew members to be assigned to single cabin crew member operations according to criteria appropriate to this type of operation.

• (b)Cabin crew members who have no previous operating experience as single cabin crew member shall only be assigned to such type of operation after they have:

• (1) completed training as required in (c) in addition to other applicable training and checking required by this Subpart;

• (2) successfully passed the checks verifying their proficiency in discharging their duties and responsibilities in accordance with the procedures specified in the operations manual; and

• (3) undertaken familiarisation flying of at least 20 hours and 15 sectors on the relevant aircraft type under the supervision of an appropriately experienced cabin crew member.

• (c)The following additional training elements shall be covered with particular emphasis to reflect single cabin crew operations:

• (1) responsibility to the commander for the conduct of normal and emergency procedures;

• (2) importance of coordination and communication with the flight crew, in particular when managing unruly or disruptive passengers;

• (3) review of operator requirements and legal requirements;

• (4) documentation;

• (5) accident and incident reporting; and

- (6) flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements.

SUBPART TC

TECHNICAL CREW IN HEMS, HHO OR NVIS OPERATIONS

ORO.TC.100   Scope

This Subpart establishes the requirements to be met by an air operator when operating an aircraft with technical crew members in commercial air transport helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) operations, emergency medical service operations with VCA (VEMS), night-vision imaging system (NVIS) operations, or helicopter hoist operations (HHO).

ORO.TC.105   Conditions for assignment to duties

• (a)Technical crew members involved in commercial air transport HEMS, VEMS, HHO or NVIS operations shall only be assigned duties provided they:

• (1) are at least 18 years of age;

• (2) are physically and mentally fit to safely discharge their assigned duties and responsibilities;

• (3) have completed all applicable training required by this Subpart to perform their assigned duties;

• (4) have been checked and found to be proficient to perform all their assigned duties in accordance with the procedures specified in the operations manual.

• (b)Before assigning to duties technical crew members who are self-employed and/or working on a freelance or part-time basis, the operator shall verify that all applicable requirements of this Subpart are complied with, taking into account all services rendered by the technical crew member to other operator(s) to determine in particular:

• (1) the total number of aircraft types and variants operated;

- (2) the applicable flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements.

ORO.TC.110   Training and checking

• (a)The operator shall establish a training programme in accordance with the applicable requirements of this Subpart to cover the duties and responsibilities to be performed by technical crew members.

• (b)Following the completion of initial, operator conversion, and differences training, and following any required familiarisation flights, each technical crew member shall undergo a check to demonstrate their proficiency in carrying out normal and emergency procedures.

• (c)Training and checking shall be conducted for each training course by personnel suitably qualified and experienced in the subject to be covered. The operator shall inform the competent authority about the personnel conducting the checks.

• (d)The checks that follow the operator conversion training and any required familiarisation flights shall take place prior to operating as a required technical crew member in HEMS, VEMS, HHO or NVIS operations.

- (e)The validity of the technical crew member’s check to demonstrate their proficiency in carrying out normal and emergency procedures shall be 12 calendar months.

ORO.TC.115   Initial training

Before undertaking the operator conversion training, each technical crew member shall complete initial training, including:

• (a) general theoretical knowledge on aviation and aviation regulations covering all elements relevant to the duties and responsibilities required of technical crew;

• (b) fire and smoke training;

• (c) survival training on ground and in water, appropriate to the type and area of operation;

• (d) aero-medical aspects and first-aid;

- (e) communication and relevant CRM elements of ORO.FC.115 and ORO.FC.215.

ORO.TC.120   Operator conversion training

Each technical crew member shall complete:

• (a) operator conversion training, including relevant CRM elements,
• (1) before being first assigned by the operator as a technical crew member; or
• (2) when changing to a different aircraft type or class, if any of the equipment or procedures mentioned in (b) are different.

- (b) The operator conversion training shall include:

• (1) the location and use of all safety and survival equipment carried on board the aircraft;
• (2) all normal and emergency procedures;
• (3) on-board equipment used to perform duties in the aircraft or on the ground for the purpose of assisting the pilot during HEMS, VEMS, HHO or NVIS operations.

ORO.TC.125   Differences training

• (a)Each technical crew member shall complete differences training when changing equipment or procedures on types or variants currently operated.

- (b)The operator shall specify in the operations manual when such differences training is required.

ORO.TC.130   Familiarisation flights

If the operator conversion training does not include training in an aircraft/FSTD, each technical crew member shall undertake familiarisation flights.

ORO.TC.135   Recurrent training

• (a)Within every 12-month period, each technical crew member shall undergo recurrent training relevant to the type or class of aircraft and equipment that the technical crew member operates. Elements of CRM shall be integrated into all appropriate phases of the recurrent training.

- (b)Recurrent training shall include theoretical and practical instruction and practice.

ORO.TC.140   Refresher training

• (a)Each technical crew member who has not undertaken duties in the previous six months shall complete the refresher training specified in the operations manual.

• (b)The technical crew member who has not performed flying duties on one particular aircraft type or class during the preceding six months shall, before being assigned on that type or class, complete either:

• (1) refresher training on the type or class; or

- (2) two familiarisation sectors on the aircraft type or class.

SUBPART FTL

FLIGHT AND DUTY TIME LIMITATIONS AND REST REQUIREMENTS

SECTION 1

General

ORO.FTL.100 Scope

This Subpart establishes the requirements to be met by an air operator and its flight and cabin crew (aircrew) members with regard to flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements for aircrew assigned to commercial air transport (CAT) operations with aeroplanes.

ORO.FTL.105 Definitions

For the purpose of this Subpart, the following definitions shall apply:

• (1) ‘acclimatised’ means a state in which a crew member’s circadian biological clock is synchronised to the time zone where the crew member is. A crew member is considered to be acclimatised to a 2-hour wide time zone surrounding the local time at the point of departure. When the local time at the place where a duty commences differs by more than 2 hours from the local time at the place where the next duty starts, the crew member, for the calculation of the maximum daily flight duty period, is considered to be acclimatised in accordance with the values in the Table 1. Table 1 Time difference (h) between reference time and local time where the crew member starts the next duty Time elapsed since reporting at reference time < 48 48–71:59 72–95:59 96–119:59 ≥ 120 < 4 B D D D D ≤ 6 B X D D D ≤ 9 B X X D D ≤ 12 B X X X D ‘B’ means acclimatised to the local time of the departure time zone, ‘D’ means acclimatised to the local time where the crew member starts his/her next duty, and ‘X’ means that a crew member is in an unknown state of acclimatisation;

• (2) ‘reference time’ means the local time at the reporting point situated in a 2-hour wide time zone band around the local time where a crew member is acclimatised;

• (3) ‘accommodation’ means, for the purpose of standby and split duty, a quiet and comfortable place not open to the public with the ability to control light and temperature, equipped with adequate furniture that provides a crew member with the possibility to sleep, with enough capacity to accommodate all crew members present at the same time and with access to food and drink;

• (4) ‘suitable accommodation’ means, for the purpose of standby, split duty and rest, a separate room for each crew member located in a quiet environment and equipped with a bed, which is sufficiently ventilated, has a device for regulating temperature and light intensity, and access to food and drink;

• (5) ‘augmented flight crew’ means a flight crew which comprises more than the minimum number required to operate the aircraft, allowing each flight crew member to leave the assigned post, for the purpose of in-flight rest, and to be replaced by another appropriately qualified flight crew member;

• (6) ‘break’ means a period of time within a flight duty period, shorter than a rest period, counting as duty and during which a crew member is free of all tasks;

• (7) ‘delayed reporting’ means the postponement of a scheduled FDP by the operator before a crew member has left the place of rest;

• (8) ‘disruptive schedule’ means a crew member’s roster which disrupts the sleep opportunity during the optimal sleep time window by comprising an FDP or a combination of FDPs which encroach, start or finish during any portion of the day or of the night where a crew member is acclimatised. A schedule may be disruptive due to early starts, late finishes or night duties.
• (a) ‘early type’ of disruptive schedule means:
• (i) for ‘early start’ a duty period starting in the period between 05:00 and 05:59 in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised; and
• (ii) for ‘late finish’ a duty period finishing in the period between 23:00 and 01:59 in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised;
• (b) ‘late type’ of disruptive schedule means:
• (i) for ‘early start’ a duty period starting in the period between 05:00 and 06:59 in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised; and
• (ii) for ‘late finish’ a duty period finishing in the period between 00:00 and 01:59 in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised;

• (9) ‘night duty’ means a duty period encroaching any portion of the period between 02:00 and 04:59 in the time zone to which the crew is acclimatised;

• (10) ‘duty’ means any task that a crew member performs for the operator, including flight duty, administrative work, giving or receiving training and checking, positioning, and some elements of standby;

• (11) ‘duty period’ means a period which starts when a crew member is required by an operator to report for or to commence a duty and ends when that person is free of all duties, including post-flight duty;

• (12) ‘flight duty period (“FDP”)’ means a period that commences when a crew member is required to report for duty, which includes a sector or a series of sectors, and finishes when the aircraft finally comes to rest and the engines are shut down, at the end of the last sector on which the crew member acts as an operating crew member;

• (13) ‘flight time’ means, for aeroplanes, the time between an aircraft first moving from its parking place for the purpose of taking off until it comes to rest on the designated parking position and all engines or propellers are shut down;

• (14) ‘home base’ means the location, assigned by the operator to the crew member, from where the crew member normally starts and ends a duty period or a series of duty periods and where, under normal circumstances, the operator is not responsible for the accommodation of the crew member concerned;

• (15) ‘local day’ means a 24-hour period commencing at 00:00 local time;

• (16) ‘local night’ means a period of 8 hours falling between 22:00 and 08:00 local time;

• (17) ‘operating crew member’ means a crew member carrying out duties in an aircraft during a sector;

• (18) ‘positioning’ means the transferring of a non-operating crew member from one place to another, at the behest of the operator, excluding:
• — the time of travel from a private place of rest to the designated reporting place at home base and vice versa, and
• — the time for local transfer from a place of rest to the commencement of duty and vice versa;

• (19) ‘rest facility’ means a bunk or seat with leg and foot support suitable for crew members’ sleeping on board an aircraft;

• (20) ‘reserve’ means a period of time during which a crew member is required by the operator to be available to receive an assignment for an FDP, positioning or other duty notified at least 10 hours in advance;

• (21) ‘rest period’ means a continuous, uninterrupted and defined period of time, following duty or prior to duty, during which a crew member is free of all duties, standby and reserve;

• (22) ‘rotation’ is a duty or a series of duties, including at least one flight duty, and rest periods out of home base, starting at home base and ending when returning to home base for a rest period where the operator is no longer responsible for the accommodation of the crew member;

• (23) ‘single day free of duty’ means, for the purpose of complying with the provisions of Council Directive 2000/79/EC ([^E0084]), a time free of all duties and standby consisting of one day and two local nights, which is notified in advance. A rest period may be included as part of the single day free of duty;

• (24) ‘sector’ means the segment of an FDP between an aircraft first moving for the purpose of taking off until it comes to rest after landing on the designated parking position;

• (25) ‘standby’ means a pre-notified and defined period of time during which a crew member is required by the operator to be available to receive an assignment for a flight, positioning or other duty without an intervening rest period;

• (26) ‘airport standby’ means a standby performed at the airport;

• (27) ‘other standby’ means a standby either at home or in a suitable accommodation;

- (28) ‘window of circadian low (“WOCL”)’ means the period between 02:00 and 05:59 hours in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised.

ORO.FTL.110 Operator responsibilities

An operator shall:

• (a) publish duty rosters sufficiently in advance to provide the opportunity for crew members to plan adequate rest;

• (b) ensure that flight duty periods are planned in a way that enables crew members to remain sufficiently free from fatigue so that they can operate to a satisfactory level of safety under all circumstances;

• (c) specify reporting times that allow sufficient time for ground duties;

• (d) take into account the relationship between the frequency and pattern of flight duty periods and rest periods and give consideration to the cumulative effects of undertaking long duty hours combined with minimum rest periods;

• (e) allocate duty patterns which avoid practices that cause a serious disruption of an established sleep/work pattern, such as alternating day/night duties;

• (f) comply with the provisions concerning disruptive schedules in accordance with ARO.OPS.230;

• (g) provide rest periods of sufficient time to enable crew members to overcome the effects of the previous duties and to be rested by the start of the following flight duty period;

• (h) plan recurrent extended recovery rest periods and notify crew members sufficiently in advance;

• (i) plan flight duties in order to be completed within the allowable flight duty period taking into account the time necessary for pre-flight duties, the sector and turnaround times;

- (j) change a schedule and/or crew arrangements if the actual operation exceeds the maximum flight duty period on more than 33 % of the flight duties in that schedule during a scheduled seasonal period.

ORO.FTL.115 Crew member responsibilities

Crew members shall:

• (a) comply with point CAT.GEN.MPA.100(b) of Annex IV (Part-CAT); and

- (b) make optimum use of the opportunities and facilities for rest provided and plan and use their rest periods properly.

ORO.FTL.120 Fatigue risk management (FRM)

• (a)When FRM is required by this Subpart or an applicable certification specification, the operator shall establish, implement and maintain a FRM as an integral part of its management system. The FRM shall ensure compliance with the essential requirements in points 7.f, 7.g and 8.f of Annex IV to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008. The FRM shall be described in the operations manual.

• (b)The FRM established, implemented and maintained shall provide for continuous improvement to the overall performance of the FRM and shall include:

• (1) a description of the philosophy and principles of the operator with regard to FRM, referred to as the FRM policy;

• (2) documentation of the FRM processes, including a process for making personnel aware of their responsibilities and the procedure for amending this documentation;

• (3) scientific principles and knowledge;

• (4) a hazard identification and risk assessment process that allows managing the operational risk(s) of the operator arising from crew member fatigue on a continuous basis;

• (5) a risk mitigation process that provides for remedial actions to be implemented promptly, which are necessary to effectively mitigate the operator’s risk(s) arising from crew member fatigue and for continuous monitoring and regular assessment of the mitigation of fatigue risks achieved by such actions;

• (6) FRM safety assurance processes;

• (7) FRM promotion processes.

• (c)The FRM shall correspond to the flight time specification scheme, the size of the operator and the nature and complexity of its activities, taking into account the hazards and associated risks inherent in those activities and the applicable flight time specification scheme.

- (d)The operator shall take mitigating actions when the FRM safety assurance process shows that the required safety performance is not maintained.

ORO.FTL.125 Flight time specification schemes

• (a)Operators shall establish, implement and maintain flight time specification schemes that are appropriate for the type(s) of operation performed and that comply with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008, this Subpart and other applicable legislation, including Directive 2000/79/EC.

• (b)Before being implemented, flight time specification schemes, including any related FRM where required, shall be approved by the competent authority.

• (c)To demonstrate compliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and this Subpart, the operator shall apply the applicable certification specifications adopted by the Agency. Alternatively, if the operator wants to deviate from those certification specifications in accordance with Article 22(2) of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008, it shall provide the competent authority with a full description of the intended deviation prior to implementing it. The description shall include any revisions to manuals or procedures that may be relevant, as well as an assessment demonstrating that the requirements of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and of this Subpart are met.

- (d)For the purpose of point ARO.OPS.235(d), within 2 years of the implementation of a deviation or derogation, the operator shall collect data concerning the granted deviation or derogation and analyse that data using scientific principles with a view to assessing the effects of the deviation or derogation on aircrew fatigue. Such analysis shall be provided in the form of a report to the competent authority.

SECTION 2

Commercial Air Transport Operators

ORO.FTL.200 Home base

An operator shall assign a home base to each crew member.

ORO.FTL.205 Flight duty period (FDP)

• (a)The operator shall:

• (1) define reporting times appropriate to each individual operation taking into account ORO.FTL.110(c);

• (2) establish procedures specifying how the commander shall, in case of special circumstances which could lead to severe fatigue, and after consultation with the crew members concerned, reduce the actual FDP and/or increase the rest period in order to eliminate any detrimental effect on flight safety.

• (b)Basic maximum daily FDP.

• (1) The maximum daily FDP without the use of extensions for acclimatised crew members shall be in accordance with the following table: Table 2 Maximum daily FDP — Acclimatised crew members Start of FDP at reference time 1–2 Sectors 3 Sectors 4 Sectors 5 Sectors 6 Sectors 7 Sectors 8 Sectors 9 Sectors 10 Sectors 0600–1329 13:00 12:30 12:00 11:30 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00 1330–1359 12:45 12:15 11:45 11:15 10:45 10:15 09:45 09:15 09:00 1400–1429 12:30 12:00 11:30 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00 09:00 1430–1459 12:15 11:45 11:15 10:45 10:15 09:45 09:15 09:00 09:00 1500–1529 12:00 11:30 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00 09:00 09:00 1530–1559 11:45 11:15 10:45 10:15 09:45 09:15 09:00 09:00 09:00 1600–1629 11:30 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00 09:00 09:00 09:00 1630–1659 11:15 10:45 10:15 09:45 09:15 09:00 09:00 09:00 09:00 1700–0459 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00 09:00 09:00 09:00 09:00 0500–0514 12:00 11:30 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00 09:00 09:00 0515–0529 12:15 11:45 11:15 10:45 10:15 09:45 09:15 09:00 09:00 0530–0544 12:30 12:00 11:30 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00 09:00 0545–0559 12:45 12:15 11:45 11:15 10:45 10:15 09:45 09:15 09:00

• (2) The maximum daily FDP when crew members are in an unknown state of acclimatisation shall be in accordance with the following table: Table 3 Crew members in an unknown state of acclimatisation Maximum daily FDP according to sectors 1–2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00 09:00 09:00

• (3) The maximum daily FDP when crew members are in an unknown state of acclimatisation and the operator has implemented a FRM, shall be in accordance with the following table: Table 4 Crew members in an unknown state of acclimatisation under FRM The values in the following table may apply provided the operator’s FRM continuously monitors that the required safety performance is maintained. Maximum daily FDP according to sectors 1–2 3 4 5 6 7 8 12:00 11:30 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00

• (c)FDP with different reporting time for flight crew and cabin crew.

• Whenever cabin crew requires more time than the flight crew for their pre-flight briefing for the same sector or series of sectors, the FDP of the cabin crew may be extended by the difference in reporting time between the cabin crew and the flight crew. The difference shall not exceed 1 hour. The maximum daily FDP for cabin crew shall be based on the time at which the flight crew report for their FDP, but the FDP shall start at the reporting time of the cabin crew.

• (d)Maximum daily FDP for acclimatised crew members with the use of extensions without in-flight rest.

• (1) The maximum daily FDP may be extended by up to 1 hour not more than twice in any 7 consecutive days. In that case:
• (i) the minimum pre-flight and post-flight rest periods shall be increased by 2 hours; or
• (ii) the post-flight rest period shall be increased by 4 hours.

• (2) When extensions are used for consecutive FDPs, the additional pre- and post-flight rest between the two extended FDPs required under subparagraph 1 shall be provided consecutively.

• (3) The use of the extension shall be planned in advance, and shall be limited to a maximum of:
• (i) 5 sectors when the WOCL is not encroached; or
• (ii) 4 sectors, when the WOCL is encroached by 2 hours or less; or
• (iii) 2 sectors, when the WOCL is encroached by more than 2 hours.

• (4) Extension of the maximum basic daily FDP without in-flight rest shall not be combined with extensions due to in-flight rest or split duty in the same duty period.

• (5) Flight time specification schemes shall specify the limits for extensions of the maximum basic daily FDP in accordance with the certification specifications applicable to the type of operation, taking into account:
• (i) the number of sectors flown; and
• (ii) WOCL encroachment.

• (e)Maximum daily FDP with the use of extensions due to in-flight rest

• Flight time specification schemes shall specify the conditions for extensions of the maximum basic daily FDP with in-flight rest in accordance with the certification specifications applicable to the type of operation, taking into account:

• (i) the number of sectors flown;

• (ii) the minimum in-flight rest allocated to each crew member;

• (iii) the type of in-flight rest facilities; and

• (iv) the augmentation of the basic flight crew.

• (f)Unforeseen circumstances in flight operations — commander’s discretion

• (1) The conditions to modify the limits on flight duty, duty and rest periods by the commander in the case of unforeseen circumstances in flight operations, which start at or after the reporting time, shall comply with the following:
• (i) the maximum daily FDP which results after applying points (b) and (e) of point ORO.FTL.205 or point ORO.FTL.220 may not be increased by more than 2 hours unless the flight crew has been augmented, in which case the maximum flight duty period may be increased by not more than 3 hours;
• (ii) if on the final sector within an FDP the allowed increase is exceeded because of unforeseen circumstances after take-off, the flight may continue to the planned destination or alternate aerodrome; and
• (iii) the rest period following the FDP may be reduced but can never be less than 10 hours.

• (2) In case of unforeseen circumstances which could lead to severe fatigue, the commander shall reduce the actual flight duty period and/or increase the rest period in order to eliminate any detrimental effect on flight safety.

• (3) The commander shall consult all crew members on their alertness levels before deciding the modifications under subparagraphs 1 and 2.

• (4) The commander shall submit a report to the operator when an FDP is increased or a rest period is reduced at his or her discretion.

• (5) Where the increase of an FDP or reduction of a rest period exceeds 1 hour, a copy of the report, to which the operator shall add its comments, shall be sent by the operator to the competent authority not later than 28 days after the event.

• (6) The operator shall implement a non-punitive process for the use of the discretion described under this provision and shall describe it in the operations manual.

• (g)Unforeseen circumstances in flight operations — delayed reporting

- The operator shall establish procedures, in the operations manual, for delayed reporting in the event of unforeseen circumstances, in accordance with the certification specifications applicable to the type of operation.

ORO.FTL.210 Flight times and duty periods

• (a)The total duty periods to which a crew member may be assigned shall not exceed:

• (1) 60 duty hours in any 7 consecutive days;

• (2) 110 duty hours in any 14 consecutive days; and

• (3) 190 duty hours in any 28 consecutive days, spread as evenly as practicable throughout that period.

• (b)The total flight time of the sectors on which an individual crew member is assigned as an operating crew member shall not exceed:

• (1) 100 hours of flight time in any 28 consecutive days;

• (2) 900 hours of flight time in any calendar year; and

• (3) 1 000 hours of flight time in any 12 consecutive calendar months.

- (c)Post-flight duty shall count as duty period. The operator shall specify in its operations manual the minimum time period for post-flight duties.

ORO.FTL.215 Positioning

If an operator positions a crew member, the following shall apply:

• (a) positioning after reporting but prior to operating shall be counted as FDP but shall not count as a sector;

- (b) all time spent on positioning shall count as duty period.

ORO.FTL.220 Split duty

The conditions for extending the basic maximum daily FDP due to a break on the ground shall be in accordance with the following:

• (a) flight time specification schemes shall specify the following elements for split duty in accordance with the certification specifications applicable to the type of operation:
• (1) the minimum duration of a break on the ground; and
• (2) the possibility to extend the FDP prescribed under point ORO.FTL.205(b) taking into account the duration of the break on the ground, the facilities provided to the crew member to rest and other relevant factors;

• (b) the break on the ground shall count in full as FDP;

- (c) split duty shall not follow a reduced rest.

ORO.FTL.225 Standby and duties at the airport

If an operator assigns crew members to standby or to any duty at the airport, the following shall apply in accordance with the certification specifications applicable to the type of operation:

• (a) standby and any duty at the airport shall be in the roster and the start and end time of standby shall be defined and notified in advance to the crew members concerned to provide them with the opportunity to plan adequate rest;

• (b) a crew member is considered on airport standby from reporting at the reporting point until the end of the notified airport standby period;

• (c) airport standby shall count in full as duty period for the purpose of points ORO.FTL.210 and ORO.FTL.235;

• (d) any duty at the airport shall count in full as duty period and the FDP shall count in full from the airport duty reporting time;

• (e) the operator shall provide accommodation to the crew member on airport standby;

- (f) flight time specification schemes shall specify the following elements:

• (1) the maximum duration of any standby;
• (2) the impact of the time spent on standby on the maximum FDP that may be assigned, taking into account facilities provided to the crew member to rest, and other relevant factors such as:
• — the need for immediate readiness of the crew member,
• — the interference of standby with sleep, and
• — sufficient notification to protect a sleep opportunity between the call for duty and the assigned FDP;
• (3) the minimum rest period following standby which does not lead to assignment of an FDP;
• (4) how time spent on standby other than airport standby shall be counted for the purpose of cumulative duty periods.

ORO.FTL.230 Reserve

If an operator assigns crew members to reserve, the following requirements shall apply in accordance with the certification specifications applicable to the type of operation:

• (a) reserve shall be in the roster;

- (b) flight time specification schemes shall specify the following elements:

• (1) the maximum duration of any single reserve period;
• (2) the number of consecutive reserve days that may be assigned to a crew member.

ORO.FTL.235 Rest periods

• (a)Minimum rest period at home base.

• (1) The minimum rest period provided before undertaking an FDP starting at home base shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period, or 12 hours, whichever is greater.

• (2) By way of derogation from point (1), the minimum rest provided under point (b) applies if the operator provides suitable accommodation to the crew member at home base.

• (b)Minimum rest period away from home base.

• The minimum rest period provided before undertaking an FDP starting away from home base shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period, or 10 hours, whichever is greater. This period shall include an 8-hour sleep opportunity in addition to the time for travelling and physiological needs.

• (c)Reduced rest

• By derogation from points (a) and (b), flight time specification schemes may reduce the minimum rest periods in accordance with the certification specifications applicable to the type of operation and taking into account the following elements:

• (1) the minimum reduced rest period;

• (2) the increase of the subsequent rest period; and

• (3) the reduction of the FDP following the reduced rest.

• (d)Recurrent extended recovery rest periods

• Flight time specification schemes shall specify recurrent extended recovery rest periods to compensate for cumulative fatigue. The minimum recurrent extended recovery rest period shall be 36 hours, including 2 local nights, and in any case the time between the end of one recurrent extended recovery rest period and the start of the next extended recovery rest period shall not be more than 168 hours. The recurrent extended recovery rest period shall be increased to 2 local days twice every month.

• (e)Flight time specification schemes shall specify additional rest periods in accordance with the applicable certification specifications to compensate for:

• (1) the effects of time zone differences and extensions of the FDP;

• (2) additional cumulative fatigue due to disruptive schedules; and

- (3) a change of home base.

ORO.FTL.240 Nutrition

• (a)During the FDP there shall be the opportunity for a meal and drink in order to avoid any detriment to a crew member’s performance, especially when the FDP exceeds 6 hours.

- (b)An operator shall specify in its operations manual how the crew member’s nutrition during FDP is ensured.

ORO.FTL.245 Records of home base, flight times, duty and rest periods

• (a)An operator shall maintain, for a period of 24 months:

• (1) individual records for each crew member including:
• (i) flight times;
• (ii) start, duration and end of each duty period and FDP;
• (iii) rest periods and days free of all duties; and
• (iv) assigned home base;

• (2) reports on extended flight duty periods and reduced rest periods.

• (b)Upon request, the operator shall provide copies of individual records of flight times, duty periods and rest periods to:

• (1) the crew member concerned; and

• (2) to another operator, in relation to a crew member who is or becomes a crew member of the operator concerned.

- (c)Records referred to in point CAT.GEN.MPA.100(b)(5) in relation to crew members who undertake duties for more than one operator shall be kept for a period of 24 months.

ORO.FTL.250 Fatigue management training

• (a)The operator shall provide initial and recurrent fatigue management training to crew members, personnel responsible for preparation and maintenance of crew rosters and management personnel concerned.

- (b)This training shall follow a training programme established by the operator and described in the operations manual. The training syllabus shall cover the possible causes and effects of fatigue and fatigue countermeasure.

Appendix I