Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/208 of 8 December 2014 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to vehicle functional safety requirements for the approval of agricultural and forestry vehicles Text with EEA relevance

• 6.20.7.1. The cornering lamp on one side of the vehicle may only be switched ON automatically when the direction-indicators on the same side of the vehicle are switched ON and/or when the steering angle is changed from the straight-ahead position towards the same side of the vehicle. The cornering lamp shall be switched OFF automatically when the direction-indicator is switched OFF and/or the steering angle has returned in the straight-ahead position.

• 6.20.7.2. When the reversing lamp is switched ON, both cornering lamps may be switched on simultaneously, independently from the steering wheel or direction-indicator position. In this case, the cornering lamps shall be switched OFF when the reversing lamp is switched OFF.

• 6.20.8. Tell-tale: None.

• 6.20.9. Other requirements: The cornering lamps shall not be activated at vehicle speeds above 40 km/h.

• 6.21. Conspicuity markings (UNECE Regulation No 104, as referenced in Annex I)

• 6.21.1. Presence: Optional.

• 6.21.2. Number: According to the presence.

• 6.21.3. Arrangement: The conspicuity markings shall be as close as practicable to horizontal and vertical, compatible with the shape, structure, design and operational requirements of the vehicle.

• 6.21.4. Position: No individual specifications.

• 6.21.5. Geometric visibility: No individual specifications.

• 6.21.6. Orientation: No individual specifications.

• 6.22. SMV rear marking plate (UNECE Regulation No 69, as referenced in Annex I)

• 6.22.1. Presence: Optional on vehicles with a maximum design speed of not more than 40 km/h. Prohibited on all other vehicles.

• 6.22.2. Number: According to Annex 15 to UNECE Regulation No 69, as referenced in Annex I.

• 6.22.3. Arrangement: According to Annex 15 to UNECE Regulation No 69, as referenced in Annex I.

• 6.22.4. Position

Width : According to Annex 15 to UNECE Regulation No 69, as referenced in Annex I.

Height : No individual specifications.

Length : According to Annex 15 to UNECE Regulation No 69, as referenced in Annex I.

• 6.22.5. Geometric visibility According to Annex 15 to UNECE Regulation No 69, as referenced in Annex I.

• 6.22.6. Orientation: According to Annex 15 to UNECE Regulation No 69, as referenced in Annex I.

• 6.23. Exterior courtesy lamp

• 6.23.1. Presence: Optional on tractors. Prohibited on R- and S-category vehicles.

• 6.23.2. Number: No individual specifications.

• 6.23.3. Arrangement: No individual specifications.

• 6.23.4. Position: No individual specifications.

• 6.23.5. Geometric visibility: No individual specifications.

• 6.23.6. Orientation: No individual specifications.

• 6.23.7. Electrical connections: No individual specifications.

• 6.23.8. Tell-tale: No individual specifications.

• 6.23.9. Other requirements: The exterior courtesy lamp shall not be activated unless the vehicle is stationary and one or more of the following conditions is satisfied:

• 6.23.9.1 the engine is stopped;

• 6.23.9.2 a driver or passenger door is opened;

• 6.23.9.3 a load compartment door is opened.

Point 5.11 shall be complied with in all fixed positions of use.

The technical service shall, to the satisfaction of the authority responsible for type-approval, perform a visual test to verify that there is no direct visibility of the apparent surface of the exterior courtesy lamps, if viewed by an observer moving on the boundary of a zone on a transverse plane 10 m from the front of the vehicle, a transverse plane 10 m from the rear of the vehicle, and two longitudinal planes 10 m from each side of the vehicle; these four planes to extend from 1 m to 3 m above and perpendicular to the ground as shown in Annex 14 to UNECE Regulation No 48, as referenced in Annex I.

This requirement shall be verified by a drawing or simulation.

• 6.24. Manoeuvring lamps (UNECE Regulation No 23, as referenced in Annex I)

• 6.24.1. Presence: Optional on tractors. Prohibited on R- and S-category vehicles.

• 6.24.2. Number: One or two (one per side)

• 6.24.3. Arrangement: No special requirement, however the requirements of point 6.24.9 apply.

• 6.24.4. Position: No special requirement.

• 6.24.5. Geometric Visibility: No special requirement.

• 6.24.6. Orientation: Downwards, however the requirements of point 6.24.9 apply.

• 6.24.7. Electrical Connections: Manoeuvring lamps shall be so connected that they cannot be activated unless the main-beam headlamps or the dipped-beam headlamps are switched ON at the same time.

The manoeuvring lamp(s) shall be activated automatically for slow manoeuvres up to 10 km/h provided that one of the following conditions is fulfilled:

• (a) prior to the vehicle being set in motion for the first time after each manual activation of the propulsion system; or

• (b) reverse gear is engaged; or

• (c) a camera-based system which assists parking manoeuvres is activated.

The manoeuvring lamps shall be automatically switched off if the forward speed of the vehicle exceeds 10 km/h and they shall remain switched off until the conditions for activation are met again.

• 6.24.8. Tell tale: No special requirement

• 6.24.9. Other requirements

• 6.24.9.1. The Technical Service shall, to the satisfaction of the authority responsible for type-approval, perform a visual test to verify that there is no direct visibility of the apparent surface of these lamps, if viewed by an observer moving on the boundary of a zone on a transverse plane 10 m from the front of the vehicle, a transverse plane 10 m from the rear of the vehicle, and two longitudinal planes 10 m from each side of the vehicle; these four planes to extend from 1 m to 3 m above and parallel to the ground.

• 6.24.9.2. The requirement set out in point 6.24.9.1 shall be verified by a drawing or simulation or deemed be satisfied if the installation conditions comply with paragraph 6.2.3 of UNECE Regulation No 23, as referenced in Annex I.

• 6.25. Rear retro-reflectors, triangular

• 6.25.1. Presence: Mandatory on vehicles of categories R and S. Prohibited on tractors.

• 6.25.2. Number: Two or four (see point 6.25.5.1).

• 6.25.3. Arrangement: The apex of the triangle shall be directed upwards.

• 6.25.4. Position

• 6.25.4.1. Width: Except as provided in point 6.25.5.1, the point on the illuminating surface which is farthest from the vehicle’s median longitudinal plane shall be not more than 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle. The inner edges of the retro-reflectors shall be not less than 600 mm apart. This distance may be reduced to 400 mm where the overall width of the vehicle is less than 1 300  mm.

• 6.25.4.2. Height: Except as provided in point 6.25.5.1, not less than 400 mm and not more than 1 500  mm above the ground.

• 6.25.4.3. Length: No individual specifications.

• 6.25.5. | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | Geometric visibility | : | Horizontal angle : 30° inwards and outwards. Vertical angle : 15° above and below the horizontal. The vertical angle below the horizontal may be reduced to 5° if the height of the reflector is less than 750 mm. |

• 6.25.5.1. If it is impossible to observe the above position and visibility requirements, four retro-reflectors may be fitted in accordance with the following installation specifications:
• 6.25.5.1.1. Two retro-reflectors shall keep within the maximum height of 900 mm above the ground. However, this upper limit may be increased to not more than 1 200  mm if it is impossible to keep within the height of 900 mm without having to use fixing devices liable to be easily damaged or bent. A distance of at least 300 mm between the interior edges of the reflectors shall be observed, and they shall have a vertical angle of visibility above the horizontal of 15°.
• 6.25.5.1.2. The other two retro-reflectors shall keep within a maximum height of 2 500  mm above the ground and shall comply with point 6.25.5.1.

• 6.25.6. Orientation: Towards the rear.

• 6.25.7. Other requirements: The illuminating surface of the retro-reflector may have parts in common with that of any other rear lamp.

• 6.26. Signalling panels and signalling foils

• 6.26.1. Presence:

Mandatory on vehicles with a total width of more than 2,55 m.

Optional on vehicles with a total width not exceeding 2,55 m.

• 6.26.2. Number:

Two or four (Appendix 3).

• 6.26.3. Arrangement:

The panels or foils shall be arranged in a way that their stripes shall run under 45° outwards and downwards.

• 6.26.4. Position:

Width:

That point on the illuminating surface which is farthest from the vehicle’s median longitudinal plane shall not be more than 100 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle. This value may be increased if the shape of the bodywork makes it impossible to keep within 100 mm.

Height:

No individual specifications.

Length:

No individual specifications.

• 6.26.5. Geometric visibility:

No individual specifications.

• 6.26.6. Alignment:

Towards the front and the rear.

Appendix 1

Visibility of lamps

Figure 1

Visibility of a red lamp to the front

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 2

Visibility of a white lamp to the rear

Image omitted; see official source

Appendix 2

Direction indicator lamps

Geometric visibility (see point 6.5.5)

Arrangement A

Image omitted; see official source

Arrangement B

Image omitted; see official source

Arrangement C

Image omitted; see official source

Arrangement D

Image omitted; see official source

The value 10° given for the inward angle of visibility of the front indicator may be reduced to 3° for vehicles with an overall width not exceeding 1 400  mm.

Appendix 3

Dimensions, minimum size of the reflecting surface, colour and photometric minimum requirements and identification and marking of signalling panels and signalling foils for vehicles with width exceeding 2,55 m

1. Dimensions, number and minimum reflecting surface

• 1.1.Signalling panels and signalling foils shall have the following dimensions:

Figure 1

Signalling panel or signalling foil

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 2

Basic square

Image omitted; see official source

Table 1

Dimensions (mm)

Signalling panel or foil	a (mm)	b (mm)	Surface (cm2)
Form A	423	423	1 790
Form B	282	282	795
Form R1	282	423	1 193
Form R2	423	282	1 193
Form L1	141	846	1 193
Form L2	846	141	1 193
Form K1	141	423	596
Form K2	423	141	596

• Deviations from the specified formats are permitted, if the surface of the unspecified formats contains at least 3 basic squares. The number of signalling panels or foils for each effective direction to the front and the rear are specified in Table 2.

• 1.2.

Table 2 Number of signalling panels or foils for each effective direction Signalling panel or foil Number for each effective direction Form A 2 Form B 2 Form R1 2 Form R2 Form L1 2 Form L2 Form K1 4 Form K2

• Signalling panels or foils of Form A may be combined with lamps, if the surface of the boards covered by the lamps does not exceed 150 cm².

2. Colouring and photometric minimum requirements

White according to point 2.29.1 of UNECE Regulation No 48, as referred to in Annex I.

Red according to point 2.29.4 of UNECE Regulation No 48.

The photometric requirements set out in Annex 7 to UNECE Regulation No. 69, as referenced in Annex I, or in Annex 7 to UNECE Regulation No 104, as referenced in Annex I, apply.

Panels or foils of Form B shall comply with Annex 7 to UNECE Regulation No 104, Class C.

3. Identification

Signalling panels which comply with the requirements set out in this Regulation are marked with the number of this Regulation and the name of the manufacturer.

ANNEX XIII

Requirements on vehicle occupant protection, including interior fittings, head restraints, seat belts, vehicle doors

PART 1

1. Definitions

For the purposes of this Annex:

Definitions for the protection of drive components, in accordance with the requirements laid down in Article 20 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1322/2014 ([^E0009]), are valid for this Annex.

• 1.1. ‘Interior fittings’ mean the interior parts of the passenger compartment other than the interior rear-view mirrors and include
• — the layout of the controls;
• — the roof;
• — power-operated windows, roof panel and partition systems.

• 1.2. ‘Level of the instrument panel’ means the line defined by the points of contact of vertical tangents to the instrument panel.

• 1.3. ‘Power-operated windows’ means windows which are closed by power supply of the vehicle.

• 1.4. ‘Opening’ is the maximum unobstructed aperture between the upper edge or the leading edge, depending on the closing direction, of a power-operated window or partition or roof panel and the vehicle structure which forms the boundary of the window, partition or roof panel, when viewed from the interior of the vehicle or, in the case of partition system, from the rear part of the passenger compartment.

PART 2

Interior fittings

1. Specifications

1.1.   Interior parts of the passenger compartment excluding the side doors, with all doors, windows and access lids in the closed position

1.1.1.   Environment of driving seat and passenger seats, if fitted

• 1.1.1.1.The safety distance zone A above the SIP of the driving seat and located in front of it, as determined in Figure 1, shall not contain any dangerous roughness or sharp edges, likely to increase the risk of serious injury to the occupants. If parts contained in the safety distance zone A above the SIP, located in front of it, comply with the requirements in points 1.1.2 to 1.1.6, they shall be deemed to also comply with this requirement.

• Figure 1 Image omitted; see official source

• 1.1.1.2.The safety distance zone A, whose centre is 670 mm above the centre of the front edge of the front passenger seat, if fitted, and located in front of it, as determined in Figure 2, shall not contain any dangerous roughness or sharp edges, likely to increase the risk of serious injury to the occupants. If parts contained in the safety distance zone A above the SIP, located in front of it, comply with the requirements in points 1.1.2 to 1.1.6, they shall be deemed to also comply with this requirement.

• Figure 2 Image omitted; see official source

• 1.1.1.3.In the case of vehicles equipped with steering wheel and bench seats or bucket seats in more than one row, the environment of the rear passenger seats, if fitted, shall comply with the requirements of Annex XVII of the Regulation (EU) No 3/2014. ([^E0010])

• 1.1.2. Parts that are likely to be contacted by the driver or passengers shall have no sharp edges or rough surfaces hazardous to the occupants.

• 1.1.3. For tractors with maximum design speed exceeding 40 km/h, the requirements of points 1.1.3.1-1.1.3.4 shall apply in addition to the requirements of points 1.1.1-1.1.2., 1.1.5-1.1.6 and Parts 3-5:

• 1.1.3.1. Any metal support fittings shall have no protruding edges.

• 1.1.3.2. The parts that can be contacted by a hemisphere with a diameter of 165 mm, as described in point 3.2.1, when approaching along the radius of zone A in Figure 1, shall be rounded to a radius of curvature of not less than 2,5 mm.  This requirement shall not apply to parts of control devices and of casings between their switches, which protrude less than 5 mm, but the outward facing angles of such parts shall be blunted, save where such parts protrude less than 1,5 mm.

• 1.1.3.3. Window winders, if fitted, may project 35 mm from the surface of the panel.

• 1.1.3.4. Requirements of points 1.1.3.1, 1.1.3.2 and 1.1.3.3 do not apply to components located beyond the steering wheel, as referenced from the apex of a cone, this apex being the centre of zone A in Figure 1, and the rim of the steering wheel being the generatrix of that cone.

• 1.1.4. For tractors with maximum design speed exceeding 60 km/h, the requirements of points 1.1.4.1-1.1.4.6 shall apply in addition to the requirements of points 1.1.1-1.1.3.4, 1.1.5-1.1.6 and Parts 3-5:

• 1.1.4.1. The lower edge of the instrument panel shall be rounded to a radius of curvature of not less than 19 mm.

• 1.1.4.2. Switches, pull-knobs, etc., made of rigid material, which, measured in accordance with the method described in 3 from 3,2 mm to 9,5 mm from the panel, shall have a cross-sectional area of not less than 2 cm², measured 2,5 mm from the point projecting furthest, and shall have rounded edges with a radius of curvature of not less than 2,5 mm.

• 1.1.4.3. If these components project by more than 9,5 mm from the surface of the instrument panel, they shall be designed and constructed with a cross-section of not less than 6,50 cm² in area situated not more than 6,5 mm from the point of maximum projection.

• 1.1.4.4. Components mounted on the roof, if fitted, but which are not part of the roof structure, such as grab handles, lights and ventilation openings, etc., shall have a radius of curvature of not less than 3,2 mm and, in addition, the width of the projecting parts shall not be less than the amount of their downward projection.

• 1.1.4.5. In the case of a projection consisting of a component made of non-rigid material of less than 60 Shore A hardness mounted on a rigid support, the requirements of points 1.1.4.2-1.1.4.4 shall apply only to the rigid support.

• 1.1.4.6. The requirements set out in this section shall apply to fittings not mentioned in points 1.1.2-1.1.6 which, in accordance with the requirements set out in points 1.1.1 to 1.1.6 and according to their location in the vehicle, are capable of being contacted by the occupants. If such parts are made of a material softer than 60 Shore A hardness and mounted on one or more rigid supports, the requirements in question shall apply only to those rigid supports.

• 1.1.5. Shelves and other similar items, if fitted, shall be so designed and constructed that their supports in no case have protruding edges.

• 1.1.6. Other items of equipment in the vehicle not covered by the preceding points such as seat slide rails, equipment for regulating the horizontal or vertical part of the seat, devices for retracting safety belts, etc. shall not be subject to any of these provisions if they are situated below a horizontal plane passing through the seat index point of each seat, even though the occupant is likely to come into contact with such items.

2. Test procedure for the EU type-approval

• 2.1.1.The application for EU component type-approval shall be accompanied by the following samples that shall be submitted to the technical service responsible for conducting the component type-approval tests:

• 2.1.2.at the manufacturer's discretion, either a vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved or the part(s) of the vehicle regarded as essential for the checks and tests prescribed by this Regulation; and

• 2.1.3.at the request of the aforesaid technical service, certain components and certain samples of the materials used.

3. Method of measuring projections

• 3.1. To determine the amount by which an item projects in relation to the panel on which it is mounted, a 165 mm sphere shall be moved along and be kept in contact with the component under consideration, starting from the initial position of contact with the component under consideration. The projection's value is the largest of all possible variations «y», the variation measured from the centre of the sphere perpendicular to the panel.

If the panels and components, etc., are covered with materials softer than 60 Shore A hardness, the procedure for the measuring of projections described in the first paragraph shall apply only after the removal of such materials.

The projection of switches, pull-knobs, etc., situated in the reference area shall be measured by using the test apparatus and procedure described below:

• 3.2. Apparatus

• 3.2.1.The measuring apparatus for projections shall consist of a hemispherical headform 165 mm in diameter, in which there is a sliding ram of 50 mm diameter.

• 3.2.2.Relative positions of the flat end of the ram and the edge of the headform shall be shown on a graduated scale, on which a mobile index shall register the maximum measurement achieved when the apparatus is moved away from the item tested. A minimum distance of 30 mm shall be measurable; the measuring scale shall be graduated in half-millimetres to make possible an indication of the extent of the projections in question.

• 3.2.3.Gauging procedure:

• 3.2.3.1. The apparatus shall be placed on a flat surface so that its axis is perpendicular to that surface. When the flat end of the ram contacts the surface, the scale shall be set at zero.

• 3.2.3.2. A 10 mm strut shall be inserted between the flat end of the ram and the retaining surface; a check shall be made to ensure that the mobile index records this measurement.

• 3.2.4.The apparatus for measuring projections is illustrated in Figure 3.

• 3.3. Test procedure

• 3.3.1.A cavity shall be formed in the headform by pulling back the ram and the mobile index shall be placed against the ram.

• 3.3.2.The apparatus shall be applied to the projection to be measured so that the headform contacts the maximum surrounding surface area, with a force not exceeding 2 daN.

• 3.3.3.The ram shall be pushed forward until it makes contact with the projection to be measured and the amount of the projection shall be observed on the scale.

• 3.3.4.The headform shall be adjusted to obtain maximum projection. The amount of the projection shall be recorded.

• 3.3.5.If two or more controls are situated sufficiently close for the ram or the headform to contact them simultaneously, they shall be treated as follows:

• 3.3.5.1. Multiple controls, all of which can be contained in the headform cavity, shall be regarded as forming a single projection.

• 3.3.5.2. If other controls prevent normal testing by contacting the headform, they shall be removed and the test shall be conducted without them. They may subsequently be re-installed and tested in their turn with other controls that have been removed to facilitate the procedure.

Figure 3

Apparatus for measuring projections

Image omitted; see official source

4. Apparatus and procedure for application of points 1.1.3 and 1.1.4

Those parts (switches, pull-knobs etc.) which can be contacted by using the apparatus and procedure described below shall be considered as being likely to be contacted by the knees of an occupant:

4.1.   Apparatus

Diagram of apparatus

Image omitted; see official source

4.2.   Procedure

The apparatus may be placed in any position below the instrument panel so that:

• — the plane XX' remains parallel to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle,

• — the axis X can be rotated above and below the horizontal through angles up to 30°. In carrying out the test referred to in this point, all materials of less than 60 Shore A hardness shall be removed.

PART 3

Head restraints, if fitted

Head restraints, if fitted shall comply with the provisions of UNECE Regulation No 25, as referenced in Annex I.

PART 4

Seat belts

The requirements laid down in Article 21 of Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1322/2014 shall apply.

PART 5

Vehicle doors, if fitted

Vehicle doors, with powered windows and powered roof hatches, if fitted, shall comply with paragraphs 5.8.1 to 5.8.5 of UNECE Regulation No 21, as referenced in Annex I.

ANNEX XIV

Requirements on vehicle exterior and accessories

1. Definitions

For the purposes of this Annex, the definitions in section 1 of Annex XII and in section 1 of Annex XXXIII shall apply. The following definitions shall also apply:

• 1.1. ‘External surface’ means the outside of the vehicle including wheels, tracks, doors, bumpers, bonnet, access means, tanks, mudguards, exhaust system.

• 1.2. ‘Radius of curvature’ means the radius of the arc of a circle which comes closest to the rounded form of the component under consideration.

• 1.3. ‘Extreme outer edge’ of the vehicle means, in relation to the sides of the vehicle, the plane parallel to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle coinciding with its outer lateral edge, account not being taken of the projection:
• (a) of tyres near their point of contact with the ground, and connections for tyre pressure gauges and tyre inflating/deflating devices/ducts;
• (b) of any anti-skid devices which may be mounted on the wheels;
• (c) of rear-view mirrors, including their support;
• (d) of side direction indicator lamps, end outline marker lamps, front and rear position (side) lamps, parking lamps, retro-reflectors, signalling panels and SMV rear marking plates;
• (e) of articulation structures on foldable ROPS of T2, C2, T3 and C3 category tractors;
• (f) of mechanical, electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic connections, and their supports on the sides of tractors.

2. Scope

• 2.1.This Annex shall apply to those parts of the external surface which, with the vehicle in the laden condition, equipped with tyres of the highest diameter or set of tracks of the highest vertical dimension, which are not intended for soil protection, for which it is approved, with all doors, windows and access lids etc., in the closed position, are:

• 2.1.1. at a height of less than 0,75 m, the parts forming only at the sides of the vehicle the extreme outer edge in each vertical plane perpendicular to the length axis of the vehicle, with the exemption of those parts with distance greater than 80 mm from the side extreme outer edge of the vehicle and towards its median longitudinal plane, when the vehicle is equipped with the tyres or set of tracks, described in point 2.1, giving the least track width; if more than one tyre or set of tracks, described in point 2.1, exist, the one giving the minimum vehicle width shall be considered;

• 2.1.2. at the sides and at a height between 0,75 and 2 m, all parts, except:
• 2.1.2.1. the parts that cannot be contacted by a sphere with a diameter of 100 mm, when approaching horizontally in each vertical plane perpendicular to the length axis of the vehicle; the displacement of the sphere shall not exceed 80 mm, starting from the extreme outer edge of each of the left and right side of the vehicle and towards its median longitudinal plane, when the vehicle is equipped with the tyres or set of tracks, described in point 2.1, giving the least track width; if more than one tyre or set of tracks, described in point 2.1, exist, the one giving the minimum vehicle width shall be considered;

• 2.2.The purpose of these provisions is to reduce the risk or seriousness of bodily injury to a person hit by the exterior of the vehicle or brushing against it in the event of a collision. This is valid both when the vehicle is stationary and in motion.

• 2.3.This annex does not apply to exterior rear-view mirrors, including their support.

• 2.4.This Annex does not apply neither to the track chains nor to the parts of the tracks that are inside of the vertical plane formed by the extreme outer edge of the track belt or track chain of vehicles of category C.

• 2.5.This Annex does not apply to the parts of the wheels and of the wheel guards that are inside of the vertical plane formed by the exterior lateral wall of the tyres.

• 2.6.This Annex does not apply to steps and rungs, including their support, mentioned in points 3.3. and 4.2. of Annex XV to Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1322/2014.

• 2.7.This annex does not apply to mechanical, electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic connections, including their supports, mounted on the sides of tractors.

• 2.8.This annex does not apply to articulation structures on foldable ROPS of T2, C2, T3 and C3 category tractors.

3. Requirements

• 3.1.The external surface of the vehicle shall not exhibit, directed outwards, any pointed or sharp parts, rough surfaces, or any projections of such shape, dimensions, direction or hardness as to be likely to increase the risk or seriousness of bodily injury to a person hit by the external surface or brushing against it in the event of a collision.

• 3.2.The external surfaces on each side of the vehicle shall not exhibit, directed outwards, any parts likely to catch on pedestrians, cyclists or motor cyclists.

• 3.3.No protruding part of the external surface shall have a radius of curvature less than 2,5 mm or each external part with edges shall be positioned with respect to the longitudinal axis so that the outside face of such part shall be flat and without edges and on a plane parallel with the vertical plane containing the longitudinal axis. This requirement shall not apply to parts of the external surface which protrude less than 5 mm, but the outward facing angles of such parts shall be blunted, save where such parts protrude less than 1,5 mm.

• 3.4.Protruding parts of the external surface, made of a material of hardness not exceeding 60 shore A, may have a radius of curvature less than 2,5 mm. The hardness measurement by the Shore A procedure may be replaced by a hardness value declaration from the manufacturer of the component.

• 3.5.Vehicles equipped with hydro-pneumatic, hydraulic or pneumatic suspension or a device for automatic levelling according to load shall be tested with the vehicle in the laden condition.

• 3.6.For connecting structures on ROPS of T2, C2, T3 and C3 category tractors only point 3.1 shall apply.

• 3.7.For side direction indicator lamps, end outline marker lamps, front and rear position (side) lamps, parking lamps, retro-reflectors, signalling panels, working lamps, SMV rear marking plates, including their supports, only points 3.1 and 3.2 shall apply.

• 3.8.Exposed implements on vehicles of categories R and S that have sharp edges or teeth when set in road transport mode and that are already covered by Directive 2006/42/EC are exempted from complying with points 3.1 to 3.5. For exposed areas of any other part of vehicles of categories R and S with maximum design speed exceeding 60 km/h, points 3.1 to 3.5 shall apply. For exposed areas of any other part of vehicles of categories R and S with maximum design speed not exceeding 60 km/h, only points 3.1 and 3.2 shall apply.

ANNEX XV

Requirements on the electromagnetic compatibility

PART 1

This Annex applies to the electromagnetic compatibility of vehicles covered by Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013. It also applies to electrical or electronic separate technical units intended to be fitted to the vehicles.

Definitions

For the purposes of this Annex, the following definitions apply:

• 1. ‘Electromagnetic compatibility’ means the ability of a vehicle or component(s) or separate technical unit(s) to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment;

• 1. ‘Electromagnetic disturbance’ means any electromagnetic phenomenon which may degrade the performance of a vehicle or component(s) or separate technical unit(s). An electromagnetic disturbance may be electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a change in the propagation medium itself;

• 1. ‘Electromagnetic immunity’ means the ability of a vehicle or component(s) or separate technical unit(s) to perform without degradation of performance in the presence of specified electromagnetic disturbances;

• 1. ‘Electromagnetic environment’ means the totality of electromagnetic phenomena existing at a given location;

• 1. ‘Reference limit’ means the nominal level to which type-approval and conformity of production limit values are referenced;

• 1. ‘Reference antenna’ for the frequency range 20 to 80 MHz: means a shortened balanced dipole being a half wave resonant dipole at 80 MHz, and for the frequency range above 80 MHz: means a balanced half wave resonant dipole tuned to the measurement frequency;

• 1. ‘Broadband electromagnetic emission’ means an emission which has a bandwidth greater than that of a particular measuring apparatus or receiver;

• 1. ‘Narrowband electromagnetic emission’ means an emission which has a bandwidth less than that of a particular measuring apparatus or receiver;

• 1. ‘Electrical/electronic system’ means (an) electrical and/or electronic device(s) or set(s) of devices together with any associated electrical connections which form part of a vehicle but which are not intended to be type approved separately from the vehicle;

• 1. ‘Electrical/electronic sub-assembly’ (ESA) means an electrical and/or electronic device or set(s) of devices intended to be part of a vehicle, together with any associated electrical connections and wiring, which performs one or more specialised functions;

• 1. ‘Type of ESA’ in relation to electromagnetic compatibility means ESAs which do not differ as to the function performed or the general arrangement of the electrical and/or electronic components, if applicable.

PART 2

Requirements to be met by vehicles and electrical / electronic sub-assemblies fitted to a vehicle

1. Application for EU type-approval

1.1.   Approval of a vehicle type

• 1.1.1.The application for approval of a vehicle type, with regard to its electromagnetic compatibility pursuant to Articles 24 and 26 of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 and Annex I to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/504 shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer.

• 1.1.2.The vehicle manufacturer shall submit the information document, the model of which is set out in Annex I to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/504.

• 1.1.3.The vehicle manufacturer shall draw up a schedule describing all projected combinations of relevant vehicle electrical/electronic systems or ESAs, body styles ([^E0011]), variations in body material ([^E0012]), general wiring arrangements, engine variations, left-hand/right-hand drive versions and wheelbase versions. Relevant vehicle electrical/electronic systems or ESAs are those which may emit significant broadband or narrowband radiation and/or those which are involved in the driver’s direct control (see point 3.4.2.3) of the vehicle.

• 1.1.4.A representative vehicle shall be selected from this schedule for the purpose of being tested, in mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the competent authority.  This vehicle shall represent the vehicle type specified in the information document set out in Article 2 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/504. The choice of vehicle shall be based on the electrical/electronic systems offered by the manufacturer. One more vehicle may be selected from this schedule for the purpose of being tested if it is considered by mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the competent authority that different electrical/electronic systems are included which are likely to have a significant effect on the vehicle's electromagnetic compatibility compared with the first representative vehicle.

• 1.1.5.The choice of the vehicle(s) in conformity with point 1.1.4 is limited to vehicle/electrical/electronic system combinations intended for actual production.

• 1.1.6.The manufacturer may supplement the application with a report from tests which have been carried out. Any such data provided may be used by the approval authority for the purpose of drawing up the EU type-approval certificate.

• 1.1.7.A vehicle representative of the type to be approved, according to point 1.1.4 shall be provided to the technical service that carries out the test itself.

1.2.   Approval of a type of ESA

• 1.2.1. The application for approval of a type of ESA with regard to its electromagnetic compatibility pursuant to Articles 24 and 26 of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 and Article 2 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/504 shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by the manufacturer of the ESA. An ESA may be approved at the request of a manufacturer as either a ‘component’ or a ‘separate technical unit (STU)’.

• 1.2.2.The vehicle manufacturer shall submit the information document, the model of which is set out in Annex I to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/504.

• 1.2.3.The manufacturer may supplement the application with a report from tests which have been carried out. Any such data provided may be used by the approval authority for the purpose of drawing up the EU type-approval certificate.

• 1.2.4.A sample of the ESA representative of the type to be approved shall be provided to the technical service that carries out the test itself, if necessary, after discussion with the manufacturer on, for example, possible variations in the layout, the number of components and the number of sensors. If the technical service deems it necessary, it may select a further sample.

• 1.2.5.The sample(s) shall be clearly and indelibly marked with the manufacturer's trade name or mark and the type designation.

• 1.2.6.Where applicable, any restrictions on use shall be identified. Any such restrictions shall be included in the information document referred to in Article 2 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/504 or in the EU type-approval certificate referred to in Annex V of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/504.

2. Marking

• 2.1.Every ESA conforming to a type approved pursuant to this Regulation shall bear an EU type-approval mark in accordance with Article 5 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/504 and Annex XX to this Regulation.

• 2.2.No marking is required for electrical/electronic systems included in vehicle types approved by this Regulation.

• 2.3.Markings on ESAs in compliance with points 2.1 and 2.2 need not be visible when the ESA is installed in a vehicle.

3. Specifications

3.1.   General specification

• 3.1.1.A vehicle (and its electrical/electronic system(s) or ESAs) shall be so designed, constructed and fitted as to enable the vehicle, in normal conditions of use, to comply with this Regulation.

• 3.2. Specifications concerning broadband electromagnetic radiation from vehicles fitted with spark ignition.

3.2.1.   Method of measurement

The electromagnetic radiation generated by the vehicle representative of its type shall be measured using the method described in Part 3 at either of the defined antenna distances. The choice shall be made by the vehicle manufacturer.

3.2.2.   Vehicle broadband reference limits

• 3.2.2.1.If measurements are made using the method described in Part 3 using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 10,0 ± 0,2 m, the radiation reference limits shall be 34 dB microvolts/m (50 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band and 34 to 45 dB microvolts/m (50 to 180 microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in point 5. In the 400 to 1 000  MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at 45 dB microvolts/m (180 microvolts/m).

• 3.2.2.2.If measurements are made using the method described in Part 3 using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 3,0 ± 0,05 m, the radiation reference limits shall be 44 dB microvolts/m (160 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band and 44 to 55 dB microvolts/m (160 to 562 microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in point 6. In the 400 to 1 000  MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at 55 dB microvolts/m (562 microvolts/m).

• 3.2.2.3.On the vehicle representative of its type, the measured values, expressed in dB microvolts/m (microvolts/m), shall be at least 2,0 dB (20 %) below the reference limits.

• 3.3. Specifications concerning narrowband electromagnetic radiation from vehicles

3.3.1.   Method of measurement

The electromagnetic radiation generated by the vehicle representative of its type shall be measured using the method described in Part 4 at either of the defined antenna distances. The choice shall be made by the vehicle manufacturer.

3.3.2.   Vehicle narrowband reference limits

• 3.3.2.1.If measurements are made using the method described in Part 4 using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 10,0 ± 0,2 m, the radiation-reference limits shall be 24 dB microvolts/m (16 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band and 24 to 35 dB microvolts/m (16 to 56 microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in point 7. In the 400 to 1 000  MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at 35 dB microvolts/m (56 microvolts/m).

• 3.3.2.2.If measurements are made using the method described in Part 4 using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 3,0 ± 0,05 m, the radiation reference limit shall be 34 dB microvolts/m (50 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band and 34 to 45 dB microvolts/m (50 to 180 microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in point 8. In the 400 to 1 000  MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at 45 dB microvolts/m (180 microvolts/m).

• 3.3.2.3.On the vehicle representative of its type, the measured values, expressed in dB microvolts/m (microvolts/m), shall be at least 2,0 dB (20 %) below the reference limit.

• 3.3.2.4.Notwithstanding the limits defined in points 3.3.2.1, 3.3.2.2 and 3.3.2.3, if, during the initial step described in point 1.3 of Part 4, the signal strength measured at the vehicle broadcast radio antenna is less than 20 dB microvolts/m (10 microvolts/m) over the frequency range 88 to 108 MHz, then the vehicle shall be deemed to comply with the limits for narrowband emissions and no further testing shall be required.

• 3.4. Specifications concerning immunity of vehicles to electromagnetic radiation

3.4.1.   Method of testing

The immunity to electromagnetic radiation of the vehicle representative of its type shall be tested by the method described in Part 5.

3.4.2.   Vehicle immunity reference limits

• 3.4.2.1.If tests are made using the method described in Part 5, the field strength reference level shall be 24 volts/m rms in over 90 % of the 20 to  2 000  MHz frequency band and 20 volts/m rms over the whole 20 to  2 000  MHz frequency band.

• 3.4.2.2.The vehicle representative of its type shall be considered as complying with immunity requirements if, during the tests performed in accordance with Part 5, and subjected to a field strength, expressed in volts/m, of 25 % above the reference level, there shall be no abnormal change in the speed of the driven wheels of the vehicle, no degradation of performance which would cause confusion to other road users, and no degradation in the driver's direct control of the vehicle which could be observed by the driver or other road user.

• 3.4.2.3.The driver’s direct control of the vehicle is exercised by means of steering, braking, or engine speed control.

• 3.5. Specification concerning broadband electromagnetic interference generated by ESAs

3.5.1.   Method of measurement

The electromagnetic radiation generated by the ESA representative of its type shall be measured by the method described in Part 6.

3.5.2.   ESA broadband reference limits

• 3.5.2.1.If measurements are made using the method described in Part 6, the radiation reference limits shall be 64 to 54 dB microvolts/m (1 600 to 500 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band, this limit decreasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 30 MHz, and 54 to 65 dB microvolts/m (500 to 1 800 microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in point 9 of this Part. In the 400 to 1 000  MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at 65 dB microvolts/m (1 800 microvolts/m).

• 3.5.2.2.On the ESA representative of its type, the measured values, expressed in dB microvolts/m, (microvolts/m) shall be at least 2,0 dB (20 %) below the reference limits.

• 3.6. Specifications concerning narrowband electromagnetic interference generated by ESAs

3.6.1.   Method of measurement

The electromagnetic radiation generated by the ESA representative of its type shall be measured by the method described in Part 7.

3.6.2.   ESA narrowband reference limits

• 3.6.2.1.If measures are made using the method described in Part 7, the radiation reference limits shall be 54 to 44 dB microvolts/m (500 to 160 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band, this limit decreasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 30 MHz, and 44 to 55 dB microvolts/m (160 to 560 microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in point 10 of this Part. In the 400 to 1 000  MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at 55 dB microvolts/m (560 microvolts/m).

• 3.6.2.2.On the ESA representative of its type, the measured value, expressed in dB microvolts/m (microvolts/m) shall be at least 2,0 dB (20 %) below the reference limits.

• 3.7. Specifications concerning immunity of ESAs to electromagnetic radiation

3.7.1.   Method(s) of testing

The immunity to electromagnetic radiation of the ESA representative of its type shall be tested by the method(s) chosen from those described in Part 8.

3.7.2.   ESA immunity reference limits

• 3.7.2.1.If tests are made using the methods described in Part 8, the immunity test reference levels shall be 48 volts/m for the 150 mm stripline testing method, 12 volts/m for the 800 mm stripline testing method, 60 volts/m for the transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM) cell testing method, 48 mA for the bulk current injection (BCI) testing method and 24 volts/m for the free field testing method.

• 3.7.2.2.On the ESA representative of its type at a field strength or current expressed in appropriate linear units 25 % above the reference limit, the ESA shall not exhibit any malfunction which would cause any degradation of performance which could cause confusion to other road users or any degradation in the driver's direct control of a vehicle fitted with the system which could be observed by the driver or other road user.

4. Exceptions

• 4.1. Where a vehicle or electrical/electronic system or ESA does not include an electronic oscillator with an operating frequency greater than 9 kHz, it shall be deemed to comply with point 3.3.2 or 3.6.2 and with Parts 4 and 7.

• 4.2. Vehicles which do not have electrical/electronic systems or ESAs involved in the direct control of the vehicle need not be tested for immunity and shall be deemed to comply with point 3.4 and with Part 5.

• 4.3. ESAs whose functions are not involved in the direct control of the vehicle need not be tested for immunity and shall be deemed to comply with point 3.7 and with Part 8.

• 4.4. Electrostatic discharge

For vehicles fitted with tyres, the vehicle body/chassis can be considered to be an electrically isolated structure. Significant electrostatic forces in relation to the vehicle's external environment only occur at the moment of occupant entry into or exit from the vehicle. As the vehicle is stationary at these moments, no type-approval test for electrostatic discharge is deemed necessary.

• 4.5. Conducted transients

Since during normal driving no external electrical connections are made to vehicles, no conducted transients are generated in relation to the external environment. The responsibility of ensuring that equipment can tolerate the conducted transients within a vehicle, for example due to load switching and interaction between systems, shall lie with the manufacturer. No type-approval test for conducted transients shall be deemed necessary.

5. Vehicle broadband reference limits with antenna-vehicle separation of 10 m

Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic

(See point 3.2.2.1 of Part 2)

Image omitted; see official source

6. Vehicle broadband reference limits with antenna-vehicle separation of 3 m

Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic

(See point 3.2.2.2 of Part 2)

Image omitted; see official source

7. Vehicle narrowband reference limits with antenna-vehicle separation of 10 m

Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic

(See point 3.3.2.1 of Part 2)

Image omitted; see official source

8. Vehicle narrowband reference limits with antenna-vehicle separation of 3 m

Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic

(See point 3.3.2.2 of Part 2)

Image omitted; see official source

9. Broadband reference limits of electrical / electronic sub-assembly

Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic

(See point 3.5.2.1 of Part 2)

Image omitted; see official source

10. Narrowband reference limits of electrical / electronic sub-assembly

Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic

(See point 3.6.2.1 of Part 2)

Image omitted; see official source

PART 3

Requirements to be met by vehicles: method of measurement of radiated broadband electromagnetic emissions from vehicles

1. General

• 1.1. The test method described in this Part shall only be applied to vehicles.

• 1.2. Measuring apparatus

The measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publication No 16-1 series of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR).

A quasi-peak detector shall be used for the measurement of broadband electromagnetic emissions in this Part, or if a peak detector is used an appropriate correction factor shall be used depending on the spark pulse rate.

• 1.3. Test method

This test is intended to measure the broadband electromagnetic emissions generated by spark-ignition systems and by electric motors (electric traction motors, engines for heating or de-icing systems, fuel pumps, water pumps, etc.) permanently fitted to the vehicle.

Two alternative reference antenna distances are permissible: 10 or 3 m from the vehicle. In either case point 3 shall apply.

2. Expression of results

The results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolts/m (microvolt/m) for 120 kHz band width. If the actual band width B (expressed in kHz) of the measuring apparatus differs from 120 kHz, the readings taken in microvolts/m shall be converted to 120 kHz band width through multiplication by a factor 120/B.

3. Measuring location

• 3.1. The test site shall be a level, clear area free from electromagnetic reflecting surfaces within a circle of minimum radius 30 m measured from a point midway between the vehicle and the antenna (see Figure 1 in point 7).

• 3.2. The measuring set, test hut, or vehicle in which the measurement set is located may be within the test site, but only in the permitted region shown in Figure 1 in point 7.

Other measuring antennae are allowed within the test area, at a minimum distance of 10 m both from receiving antenna and the vehicle under test, provided that it can be shown that the test results will not be affected.

• 3.3. Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown between the enclosed test facility and an outdoor site. Enclosed test facilities do not need to meet the dimensional requirements of Figure 1 in point 7 other than the distance from the antenna to the vehicle and the height of the antenna. Neither do they need to have ambient emissions checked before or after the test as indicated in point 3.4.

• 3.4. Ambient

To ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude sufficient to affect materially the measurement, measurements shall be taken before and after the main test. If the vehicle is present when ambient measurements are taken, the technical service shall ensure that any emissions from the vehicle do not affect significantly the ambient measurements, for example by removing the vehicle from the test area, removing the ignition key, or disconnecting the battery. In both of the measurements, the extraneous noise or signal shall be at least 10 dB below the limits of interference given in point 3.2.2.1 or 3.2.2.2 (as appropriate) of Part 2, except for intentional narrowband ambient transmissions.

4. Vehicle state during tests

4.1.   Engine

The engine shall be running at its normal operating temperature and the transmission shall be in neutral. If for practical reasons this cannot be achieved, alternative arrangements mutually agreed between the manufacturer and the test authorities may be made.

Care shall be taken to ensure that the speed setting mechanism does not influence electromagnetic radiations. During each measurement, the engine shall be operated as follows:

Engine type	Method of measurements	Method of measurements
Engine type	Quasi peak	Peak
Spark ignition	Engine speed	Engine speed
One cylinder	2 500 rpm ± 10 %	2 500 rpm ± 10 %
More than one cylinder	1 500 rpm ± 10 %	1 500 rpm ± 10 %

• 4.2. Testing shall not be conducted while rain or other precipitation is falling on the vehicle or within 10 minutes after such precipitation has stopped.

5. Antenna type, position and orientation

5.1.   Antenna type

Any antenna may be used provided it can be normalised to the reference antenna. The method described in CISPR publication No 12, Edition 6, Annex C may be used to calibrate the antenna.

5.2.   Height and distance of measurement

5.2.1.   Height

5.2.1.1.   10 m test

The phase centre of the antenna shall be 3,00 ± 0,05 m above the plane on which the vehicle rests.

5.2.1.2.   3 m test

The phase centre of the antenna shall be 1,80 ± 0,05 m above the plane on which the vehicle rests.

• 5.2.1.3. No part of any antenna’s receiving elements shall be closer than 0,25 m to the plane on which the vehicle rests.

5.2.2.   Distance of measurement

5.2.2.1.   10 m test

The horizontal distance from the tip or other appropriate point of the antenna defined during the normalisation procedure described in point 5.1 to the outer body surface of the vehicle shall be 10,0 ± 0,2 m.

5.2.2.2.   3 m test

The horizontal distance from the tip or other appropriate point of the antenna defined during the normalisation procedure described in point 5.1 to the outer body surface of the vehicle shall be 3,00 ± 0,05 m.

• 5.2.2.3. If the test is carried out in a facility enclosed for radio frequency electromagnetic screening purposes, the antenna's receiving elements shall be no closer than 1,0 m to any radio absorbent material and no closer than 1,5 m to the wall of the enclosed facility. There shall be no absorbent material between the receiving antenna and vehicle under test.

5.3.   Antenna location relative to vehicle

The antenna shall be located successively on the left and right-hand sides of the vehicle, with the antenna parallel to the plane of longitudinal symmetry of the vehicle, in line with the engine mid-point (see Figure 1 in point 7) and in line with the vehicle mid-point defined as the point on the principal axis of the vehicle midway between the centres of the front and rear axles of the vehicle.

5.4.   Antenna position

At each of the measuring points, readings shall be taken both with the antenna in a horizontal and in a vertical polarisation (see Figure 2 in point 7).

5.5.   Readings

The maximum of the four readings taken in accordance with points 5.3 and 5.4 at each spot frequency shall be taken as the characteristic reading at the frequency at which the measurements were made.

6. Frequencies

6.1.   Measurements

Measurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000  MHz frequency range. To confirm that the vehicle meets the requirements of this Part, the Testing Authority shall test at up to 13 frequencies in the range, for example 45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190, 230, 280, 380, 450, 600, 750, 900 MHz. In the event that the limit is exceeded during the test, investigations shall be made to ensure that this is due to the vehicle and not to background radiation.

• 6.1.1.The limits apply throughout the frequency range 30 to 1 000  MHz.

• 6.1.2.Measurements can be performed with either quasi-peak or peak detectors. The limits given in points 3.2 and 3.5 of Part 2 are for quasi-peak. If peak is used, add 38 dB for 1 MHz band width or subtract 22 dB for 1 kHz band width.

6.2.   Tolerances

Spot frequency (MHz)	Tolerance (MHz)
45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190 and 230	± 5
280, 380, 450, 600, 750 and 900	± 20

The tolerances apply to frequencies quoted and are intended to avoid interference from transmissions operating on or near the nominal spot frequencies during the time of measurement.

7. Figures

Figure 1

Tractor test area

(Level area free from reflecting electromagnetic surfaces)

Image omitted; see official source

Position of antenna relative to tractor

Elevation

Dipole antenna in position to measure vertical component of radiation

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 2

Plan

Dipole antenna in position to measure horizontal component of radiation

Image omitted; see official source

PART 4

Method of measurement of radiated narrowband electromagnetic emissions from vehicles

1. General

• 1.1. The test method described in this Part shall only be applied to vehicles.

• 1.2. Measuring apparatus

The measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publication No 16-1 series of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR).

An average detector or a peak detector shall be used for the measurement of radiated narrowband electromagnetic emissions in this Annex.

• 1.3. Test method

• 1.3.1.This test is intended to measure narrowband electromagnetic emissions such as might emanate from a microprocessor-based system or other narrowband source.

• 1.3.2.As an initial step the levels of emissions in the FM frequency band (88 to 108 MHz) shall be measured at the vehicle broadcast radio antenna with equipment as specified in point 1.2. If the level specified in point 3.3.2.4 of Part 2 is not exceeded, the vehicle shall be deemed to comply with the requirements set out in this Part in respect of that frequency band and the full test shall not be carried out.

• 1.3.3.In the full test procedure two alternative antenna distances are permissible: 10 or 3 m from the vehicle. In either case, the requirements set out in point 3 shall be complied with.

2. Expression of results

The results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolts/m (microvolts/m).

3. Measuring location

• 3.1. The test site shall be a level, clear area free from electromagnetic reflecting surfaces within a circle of minimum radius 30 m measured from a point midway between the vehicle and the antenna (see Figure 1 in Part 3).

• 3.2. The measuring set, test hut, or vehicle in which the measurement set is located may be within the test site, but only in the permitted region shown in Figure 1 in Part 3.

Other measuring antennae are allowed within the test area, at a minimum distance of 10 m both from receiving antenna and the vehicle under test, provided that it can be shown that the test results will not be affected.

• 3.3. Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown between the enclosed test facility and an outdoor site. Enclosed test facilities do not need to meet the dimensional requirements of Figure 1 in point 7 of Part 3 other than the distance from the antenna to the vehicle and the height of the antenna. Neither do they need to have ambient emissions checked before or after the test as indicated in point 3.4 of this Part.

• 3.4. Ambient

To ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude sufficient to affect materially the measurement, ambient measurements shall be taken before and after the main test. The technical service shall ensure that any emissions from the vehicle do not affect significantly the ambient measurements, for example by removing the vehicle from the test area, removing the ignition key, or disconnecting the battery(ies). In both of the measurements, the extraneous noise or signal shall be at least 10 dB below the limits of interference given in point 3.3.2.1 or 3.3.2.2 (as appropriate) of Part 2, except for intentional narrowband ambient transmissions.

4. Vehicle state during tests

• 4.1.The vehicle’s electronic systems shall all be in normal operating mode with the vehicle stationary.

• 4.2.The ignition shall be switched on. The engine shall not be operating.

• 4.3.Measurements shall not be made while rain or other precipitation is falling on the vehicle or within 10 minutes after such precipitation has stopped.

5. Antenna type, position and orientation

5.1.   Antenna type

Any antenna may be used provided that it can be normalised to the reference antenna. The method described in the CISPR publication No 12, Edition 6, Annex C, may be used to calibrate the antenna.

5.2.   Height and distance of measurement

5.2.1.   Height

5.2.1.1.   10 m test

The phase centre of the antenna shall be 3,00 ± 0,05 m above the plane on which the vehicle rests.

5.2.1.2.   3 m test

The phase centre of the antenna shall be 1,80 ± 0,05 m above the plane on which the vehicle rests.

• 5.2.1.3. No part of any antenna's receiving elements shall be closer than 0,25 m to the plane on which the vehicle rests.

5.2.2.   Distance of measurement

5.2.2.1.   10 m test

The horizontal distance from the tip or other appropriate point of the antenna defined during the normalisation procedure described in point 5.1 to the outer body surface of the vehicle shall be 10,0 ± 0,2 m.

5.2.2.2.   3 m test

The horizontal distance from the tip or other appropriate point of the antenna defined during the normalisation procedure described in point 5.1 to the outer body surface of the vehicle shall be 3,00 ± 0,05 m.

• 5.2.2.3. If the test is carried out in a facility enclosed for radio frequency electromagnetic screening purposes, the antenna's receiving elements shall be no closer than 1,0 m to any radio absorbent material and no closer than 1,5 m to the wall of the enclosed facility. There shall be no absorbent material between the receiving antenna and vehicle under test.

5.3.   Antenna location relative to vehicle

The antenna shall be located successively on the left and right-hand sides of the vehicle with the antenna parallel to the plane of longitudinal symmetry of the vehicle and in line with the engine mid-point (see Figure 2 in point 7 of Part 3).

5.4.   Antenna position

At each of the measuring points, readings shall be taken both with the antenna in a horizontal and in a vertical polarisation (see Figure 2 in point 7 of Part 3).

5.5.   Readings

The maximum of the four readings taken in accordance with points 5.3 and 5.4 at each spot frequency shall be taken as the characteristic reading at the frequency at which the measurements are made.

6. Frequencies

6.1.   Measurements

Measurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000  MHz frequency range. This range shall be divided into 13 bands. In each band one spot frequency may be tested to demonstrate that the required limits are satisfied. To confirm that the vehicle meets the requirements of this Part, the testing authority shall test at one such point in each of the following 13 frequency bands:

30 to 50, 50 to 75, 75 to 100, 100 to 130, 130 to 165, 165 to 200, 200 to 250, 250 to 320, 320 to 400, 400 to 520, 520 to 660, 660 to 820, 820 to 1 000  MHz.

In the event that the limit is exceeded during the test, investigations shall be made to ensure that this is due to the vehicle and not to background radiation.

PART 5

Method of testing for immunity of vehicles to electromagnetic radiation

1. General

• 1.1. The test method described in this Part shall only be applied to vehicles.

• 1.2. Test method

This test is intended to demonstrate the immunity to degradation in the direct control of the vehicle. The vehicle shall be subject to electromagnetic fields as described in this Part.  —————

2. Expression of results

For the test described in this Part, field strengths shall be expressed in volts/m.

3. Measuring location

The test facility shall be capable of generating the field strengths over the frequency ranges defined in this Part. The test facility shall comply with legal requirements regarding the emission of electromagnetic signals.

Care shall be taken so that the control and monitoring equipment shall not be affected by radiated fields in such a way as to invalidate the tests.

4. Vehicle state during tests

• 4.1.The vehicle shall be in an unladen condition except for necessary test equipment.

• 4.1.1.The engine shall turn the driving wheels normally at a constant speed corresponding to three quarters of the maximum speed of the vehicle if there is no technical reason for the manufacturer to prefer another speed. The vehicle’s engine shall be loaded with an appropriate torque. If need be, the transmission shafts may be disengaged (for example, in the case of vehicles with more than two axles), provided they do not drive a component-emitting interference.

• 4.1.2.Headlamps shall be on dipped beam.

• 4.1.3.Left or right-direction indicator shall be operating.

• 4.1.4.All other systems which affect the driver's control of the vehicle shall be (on) as in normal operation of the vehicle.

• 4.1.5.The vehicle shall not be electrically connected to the test area and no connections shall be made to the vehicle from any equipment, except as required by point 4.1.1 or 4.2. Tyre contact with the test area floor shall not be considered to be an electrical connection.

• 4.2.If there are vehicle electrical/electronic systems which form an integral part of the direct control of the vehicle, which will not operate under the conditions described in point 4.1, the manufacturer may provide a report or additional evidence to the testing authority that the vehicle electrical/electronic system meets the requirements of this Regulation. Such evidence shall be retained in the type-approval documentation.

• 4.3.Only non-perturbing equipment shall be used while monitoring the vehicle. The vehicle exterior and the passenger compartment shall be monitored to determine whether the requirements of this Part are met (for example by using (a) video camera(s)).

• 4.4.The vehicle shall normally face a fixed antenna. However, where the electronic control units and the associated wiring harness are predominantly in the rear of the vehicle, the test shall normally be carried out with the vehicle facing away from the antenna. In the case of long vehicles (namely excluding cars and light vans), which have electronic control units and associated wiring harness predominantly towards the middle of the vehicle, a reference point (see point 5.4) may be established based on either the right-side surface or the left-side surface of the vehicle. This reference point shall be at the midpoint of the vehicle's length or at one point along the side of the vehicle chosen by the manufacturer in conjunction with the competent authority after considering the distribution of electronic systems and the layout of any wiring harness.

• Such testing may only take place if the physical construction of the chamber permits. The antenna location shall be noted in the test report.

5. Field generating device type, position and orientation

5.1.   Field generating device type

• 5.1.1.The field generating device type(s) shall be chosen such that the desired field strength is achieved at the reference point (see point 5.4) at the appropriate frequencies.

• 5.1.2.The field generating device(s) may be an antenna or antennas or a transmission line system (TLS).

• 5.1.3.The construction and orientation of any field generating device shall be such that the generated field is polarised: from 20 to  2 000  MHz horizontally or vertically.

5.2.   Height and distance of measurement

5.2.1.   Height

• 5.2.1.1.The phase centre of any antenna shall not be less than 1,5 m above the plane on which the vehicle rests or not less than 2,0 m above the plane on which the vehicle rests if the vehicle roof exceeds 3 m in height.

• 5.2.1.2.No part of any antenna's radiating elements shall be closer than 0,25 m to the plane on which the vehicle rests.

5.2.2.   Distance of measurement