Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/208 of 8 December 2014 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to vehicle functional safety requirements for the approval of agricultural and forestry vehicles Text with EEA relevance

• 2.1. The technically permissible maximum laden mass as stated by the manufacturer shall be accepted by the type-approval authority as the maximum permissible laden mass provided that:

• 2.1.1. the results of any tests which that administration makes, in particular those in respect of braking and steering, are satisfactory;

• 2.1.2. the technically permissible maximum laden mass and the technically permissible maximum mass per axle depending on the vehicle category does not exceed the values given in Table 1. Table 1 Maximum permissible laden mass and maximum permissible mass per axle depending on the vehicle category Vehicle category Number of axles Maximum permissible mass (t) Maximum permissible mass per axle Driven axle (t) Non-driven axle (t) T1, T2, T4.1, T4.2 2 18 (laden) 11,5 10 3 24 (laden) 11,5  [^E0017] 10 [^E0017] T1 4 or more 32 (laden) [^E0016] 11,5  [^E0017] 10 [^E0017] T3 2 or 3 0,6 (unladen) [^E0014] [^E0014] T4.3 2, 3 or 4 10 (laden) [^E0014] [^E0014] C N/A 32 N/A N/A R 1 N/A 11,5 10 2 18 (laden) 11,5 [^E0015] 3 24 (laden) 11,5 [^E0015] 4 or more 32 (laden) 11,5 [^E0015] S 1 N/A 11,5 10 2 18 (laden) 11,5 [^E0015] 3 24 (laden) 11,5 [^E0015] 4 or more 32 (laden) 11,5 [^E0015] (¹) It is not necessary to establish an axle limit for vehicle categories T3 and T4.3, as they have by definition limitations on the maximum permissible laden and/or unladen mass. (²) The corresponding value for the sum of the axle maximum permissible mass is the sum of the axle weights in Annex I, points 3.1 to 3.3, to Council Directive 96/53/EC (Council Directive 96/53/EC of 25 July 1996 laying down for certain road vehicles circulating within the Community the maximum authorised dimensions in national and international traffic and the maximum authorised weights in international traffic (OJ L 235, 17.9.1996, p. 59). (³) Where the driving axle is fitted with twin tyres and air suspension or suspension recognised as being equivalent within the European Union as defined in Annex II to Directive 96/53/EC, or where each driving axle is fitted with twin tyres and the maximum weight of each axle does not exceed 9,5 t. (⁴) The corresponding value for the sum of the axle maximum permissible mass is the sum of the axle weights in Annex I, point 3.5, to Directive 96/53/EC.

• 2.2. Whatever the state of loading of the tractor, the mass transmitted to the road by the wheels on the steering axle shall not be less than 20 % of the unladen mass of that tractor.

• 2.3. Sum of the technically permissible maximum masses per axle

• 2.3.1.For vehicles of categories T and C and of categories R and S, which do not impose any significant static vertical load on the tractor (drawbar towed vehicle), the sum of the maximum permissible masses per axle shall be equal to or higher than the maximum permissible laden mass of the vehicle.

• 2.3.2.For vehicles of categories R and S imposing a significant static vertical load on the tractor (rigid drawbar towed vehicle and centre-axle towed vehicle), the maximum permissible mass of the vehicle shall be considered to be the sum of the maximum permissible masses per axle and shall be applicable for type-approval purposes, instead of the corresponding maximum permissible mass mentioned in the third column of Table 1. The significant static vertical load on the tractor shall be taken into account in the type-approval of the tractor as laid down in point 2.3.1.

ANNEX XXIII

Requirements on ballast masses

Where the tractor is to be fitted with ballast weights in order to meet the other requirements of EU type-approval, those ballast weights shall be supplied by the manufacturer of the tractor, be intended for fitting, and bear the manufacturer’s mark and a statement of their mass in kilograms to an accuracy of ± 5 %. Front ballast weights that have been designed for frequent removal/fitting shall leave a safety clearance of at least 25 mm for the grab handles. The method of locating the ballast weights shall be such that any inadvertent separation is avoided (e.g. in the event of tractor rollover).

ANNEX XXIV

Requirements on the safety of electrical systems

1. Requirements for all T, C, R and S vehicles equipped with electrical systems

1.1.   Electrical equipment

• 1.1.1.Electrical cables shall be protected if located in potentially abrasive contact with surfaces and shall be resistant to, or protected against, contact with lubricant or fuel. Electrical cables shall be located so that no portion is in contact with the exhaust system, moving parts or sharp edges.

• 1.1.2.Fuses or other overload protection devices shall be installed in all electrical circuits except for high amperage circuits such as the starter-motor circuit and high-tension spark ignition system. Electrical distribution of these devices between circuits shall prevent the possibility of cutting off all operator alert systems simultaneously.

2. Requirements on static electricity safety

Requirements on static electricity safety are the ones provided in point 3 of Annex XXV.

• 1. All T or C categories pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and vehicles that provide electrical power of voltage class greater than 60 V DC up to 1 500  V DC or greater than 30 V AC up to 1 000  V AC shall comply with the requirements of Annex IV of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 3/2014 ([^E0018]).

All T or C categories pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and vehicles that provide electrical power of voltage class from 32 V DC up to 60 V DC and/or from 21 V AC up to 30 V AC shall comply with the requirements of Annex IV of Delegated Regulation (EU) No 3/2014, with the exception of points 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 on IP classes, point 2.1.6.3 on colour coding and point 2.3 on isolation resistance.

ANNEX XXV

Requirements on fuel tanks

• 1. This Annex applies to tanks designed to contain the liquid fuel used primarily for the propulsion of the vehicle.

Fuel tanks shall be made so as to be corrosion resistant. They shall satisfy the leakage tests carried out by the manufacturer at a pressure equal to double the working pressure but in any event not less than 0,3 bar. Any excess pressure or any pressure exceeding the working pressure shall be automatically compensated by suitable devices (vents, safety valves etc.). The vents shall be designed in such a way as to prevent any fire risk. The fuel shall not escape through the fuel-tank cap or through the devices provided to compensate excess pressure even if the tank is completely overturned: a drip shall be tolerated.

• 1. Fuel tanks shall be installed in such a way as to be protected from the consequences of an impact to the front or to the rear of the tractor; there shall be no protruding parts, sharp edges etc. near the tanks.

The fuel supply pipework and the filler orifice shall be installed outside the cab.

• 1. Requirements related to static electricity safety of the fuel tank

The fuel tank and its accessory parts shall be designed and installed in the vehicle in such a way that any ignition hazard due to static electricity shall be avoided.

If necessary, measure(s) for charge dissipation shall be provided. However, no charge dissipation system is required for fuel tanks designed for containing a fuel with a flash point of at least 55 °C. The flash point shall be determined in accordance with ISO 2719:2002.

The manufacturer shall demonstrate to the Technical Service the measure(s) which guarantee the fulfilling of these requirements.

ANNEX XXVI

Requirements on rear protective structures

1. General

Vehicles of category R covered by this Regulation shall be designed so as to provide effective protection against underrunning from the rear by vehicles of categories M1 and N1 ([^E0019]). They shall comply with the requirements set out in sections 2 and 3 of this Annex, shall be granted a type-approval certificate set out in Annex V to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/504 and the EU type-approval mark, set out in point 5.2 of Annex IV to that Regulation, shall be affixed to the rear protective structure.

2. Requirements

• 2.1.Vehicles of categories Ra and Rb shall be so constructed and/or equipped as to offer effective protection over their whole width against underrunning from the rear by a vehicle of categories M1 and N1.

• 2.1.1. The vehicle shall be tested under the following conditions:
• — it shall be at rest on a level, flat, rigid and smooth surface,
• — the front wheels shall be in the straight-ahead position,
• — tyres shall be inflated to the pressure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer,
• — the vehicle may, if necessary to achieve the test forces required, be restrained by any method specified by the vehicle manufacturer, if the vehicle is equipped with hydropneumatic, hydraulic or pneumatic suspension or a device for automatic levelling according to load, it shall be tested with the suspension or device in the normal running condition specified by the manufacturer.

• 2.2.Any vehicle in one of the categories R1a, R1b, R2a or R2b shall be deemed to satisfy the condition set out in 2.1:

• — if it satisfies the conditions set out in 2.3, or

• — if the ground clearance of the rear part of the unladen vehicle does not exceed 55 cm over a width which is not shorter than that of the rear axle by more than 10 cm on either side (excluding any tyre bulging close to the ground).

• Where there is more than one rear axle, the width to be considered is that of the widest.

• This requirement shall be satisfied at least on a line at a distance of not more than 45 cm from the rear extremity of the vehicle.

• 2.3.Any vehicle in one of the categories R3a, R3b, R4a or R4b shall be deemed to satisfy the condition set out in 2.1 provided that:

• — the vehicle is equipped with a special rear protective structure in accordance with the requirements of 2.4, or

• — the vehicle is so designed and/or equipped at the rear that, by virtue of their shape and characteristics, its component parts can be regarded as replacing the rear protective structure. Components whose combined function satisfies the requirements set out in 2.4 are considered to form a rear protective structure.

• 2.4.A device for protection against underrunning from the rear, hereinafter referred to as ‘device’, generally consists of a cross-member and linking components connected to the chassis side-members or to whatever replaces them.

• 2.4.a. For vehicles fitted with a platform lift the fitting of the rear protective structure may be interrupted for the purposes of the mechanism. In such cases, the following shall apply:
• 2.4.a.1. the lateral distance between the fitting elements of the rear protective structure and the elements of the platform lift, which make the interruption necessary, may amount to no more than 2,5 cm;
• 2.4.a.2. the individual elements of the rear protective structure shall, in each case, have an effective surface area of at least 350 cm²;
• 2.4.a.3. the individual elements of the rear protective structure shall be of sufficient dimensions to comply with the requirements of paragraph 2.4.5.1, whereby the relative positions of the test points are determined. If the points P1 are located within the interruption area mentioned in 2.4a, the points P1 to be used shall be located in the middle of any lateral section of the rear protective structure;
• 2.4.a.4. for the area of interruption of the rear protective structure and for the purposes of the platform lift, point 2.4.1 need not apply.

• It shall have the following characteristics:

• 2.4.1. the device shall be fitted as close to the rear of the vehicle as possible. When the vehicle is unladen ([^E0020]) the lower edge of the device shall at no point be more than 55 cm above the ground;

• 2.4.2. the width of the device shall at no point exceed the width of the rear axle measured at the outermost points of the wheels, excluding the bulging of the tyres close to the ground, nor shall it be more than 10 cm shorter on either side. Where there is more than one rear axle, the width to be considered is that of the widest. The width of the device shall not exceed in any case 2,55 m;

• 2.4.3. the section height of the cross-member shall be not less than 10 cm. The lateral extremities of the cross-member shall not bend to the rear or have a sharp outer edge; this condition is fulfilled when the lateral extremities of the cross-member are rounded on the outside and have a radius of curvature of not less than 2,5 mm;

• 2.4.4. the device may be so designed that its position at the rear of the vehicle can be varied. In this event, there shall be a guaranteed method of securing it in the service position so that any unintentional change of position is precluded. It shall be possible for the operator to vary the position of the device by applying a force not exceeding 40 daN;

• 2.4.5. the device shall offer adequate resistance to forces applied parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, and be connected, when in the service position, with the chassis side-members or whatever replaces them. This requirement shall be deemed to be satisfied if it is shown that both during and after the application the horizontal distance between the rear of the device and the rear extremity of the vehicle does not exceed 40 cm at any of the points P1, P2 and P3. In measuring this distance, any part of the vehicle which is more than 3 m above the ground when the vehicle is unladen shall be excluded;
• 2.4.5.1. points P1 are located 30 cm from the longitudinal planes tangential to the outer edges of the wheels on the rear axle; points P2, which are located on the line joining points P1, are symmetrical to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle at a distance from each other of 70 to 100 cm inclusive, the exact position being specified by the manufacturer. The height above the ground of points P1 and P2 shall be defined by the vehicle manufacturer within the lines that bound the device horizontally. The height shall not, however, exceed 60 cm when the vehicle is unladen. P3 is the centre-point of the straight line joining points P2;
• 2.4.5.2. a horizontal force corresponding to 25 % of the maximum technically permissible mass of the vehicle but not exceeding 5 × 10⁴ N shall be applied successively to both points P1 and to point P3;
• 2.4.5.3. a horizontal force corresponding to 50 % of the maximum technically permissible mass of the vehicle but not exceeding 10 × 10⁴ N shall be applied successively to both points P2;
• 2.4.5.4. the forces specified in 2.4.5.2 and 2.4.5.3 above shall be applied separately. The order in which the forces are applied may be specified by the manufacturer;
• 2.4.5.5. whenever a practical test is performed to verify compliance with the abovementioned requirements, the following conditions shall be fulfilled:
• 2.4.5.5.1. the device shall be connected to the chassis side-members of the vehicle or to whatever replaces them;
• 2.4.5.5.2. the specified forces shall be applied by rams which are suitably articulated (e.g. by means of universal joints) and shall be parallel to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle via a surface not more than 25 cm in height (the exact height shall be indicated by the manufacturer) and 20 cm wide, with a radius of curvature of 5 ± 1 mm at the vertical edges; the centre of the surface is placed successively at points P1, P2 and P3.

• 2.5.By way of derogation from the abovementioned requirements, vehicles of the following categories need not comply with the requirements of this Annex as regards rear underrun protection:

• — ‘slung’ trailers and other similar trailers for the transport of logs or other very long items,

• — vehicles for which rear underrun protection is incompatible with their use.

3. Exemptions

Vehicles where any rear protective structure is incompatible with their rear fitted operational devices, shall be exempted from the requirement. Otherwise, the vehicle shall be fitted with a rear protective structure at its rear part that does not obstruct the function of those operational devices.

ANNEX XXVII

Requirements on lateral protection

1. General prescriptions

• 1.1. Every vehicle of categories R3b and R4b shall be so constructed and /or equipped as to offer, when a complete entity, effective protection to unprotected road users (pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists) against the risk of falling under the sides of the vehicle and being caught under the wheels.

This Annex shall not apply to:

• — trailers specially designed and constructed for the carriage of very long loads of indivisible length, such as timber,

• — vehicles designed and constructed for special purposes where it is not possible, for practical reasons, to fit such lateral protection.

• 1.2. A vehicle satisfies the requirement set out in point 1.1 if its side parts provide protection conforming to the provisions of the points 1.3.–5 and of Appendix 1.

• 1.3. Positioning of the vehicle for testing its compliance to lateral protection

When tested for compliance with the technical specifications set out in point 2, the position of the vehicle shall be as follows:

• — on a horizontal and flat surface,

• — the steered wheels shall be in a straight-ahead position,

• — the vehicle shall be unladen,

• — semi-trailers shall be positioned on their supports with the loading surface horizontal.

2. Lateral protection provided by a specific device (side guard)

• 2.1. The width of the vehicle with the device shall not exceed the maximum overall width of the vehicle, or 2,55 m, whichever is the narrower. The main part of its outer surface shall not be more than 120 mm inboard from the outermost plane (maximum width) of the vehicle. Its forward end may be turned inwards on some vehicles in accordance with points 2.4.2 and 2.4.3. Its rearward end shall not be more than 30 mm inboard from the outermost edge of the rear tyres (excluding any bulging of the tyres close to the ground) over at least the rearmost 250 mm.

• 2.2.The outer surface of the device shall be smooth, substantially flat or horizontally corrugated and so far as possible continuous from front to rear; adjacent parts may however overlap, provided that the overlapping edge faces rearwards or downwards, or a gap of not more than 25 mm measured longitudinally may be left, provided that the rearward part does not protrude outboard of the forward part; domed heads of bolts or rivets may protrude beyond the surface to a distance not exceeding 10 mm and other parts may protrude to the same extent provided that they are smooth and similarly rounded; all external edges and corners shall be rounded with a radius not less than 2,5 mm (tested as prescribed in Appendix 1).

• 2.3.The device may consist of a continuous flat surface, or of one or more horizontal rails, or a combination of surface and rails; when rails are used, they shall be not more than 300 mm apart and not less than:

• — 50 mm high in the case of category R3b vehicles,

• — 100 mm high and essentially flat in the case of R4b vehicles. Combinations of surfaces and rails shall form a continuous side guard subject, however, to the provisions of point 2.2.

• 2.4.The forward edge of the side guard shall be constructed as follows:

• 2.4.1. Its position shall be:
• 2.4.1.1. on a drawbar trailer: not more than 500 mm to the rear of the transverse vertical plane tangential to the rearmost part of the tyre on the wheel immediately forward of the guard;
• 2.4.1.2. on a rigid drawbar trailer or centre-axle trailer: in the area forward of the transverse plane passing through the centre of the front axle but not more than the front of the bodywork, if any, to ensure the normal manoeuvrability of the trailer.

• 2.4.2. Where the forward edge lies in otherwise open space, the edge shall consist of a continuous vertical member extending over the whole height of the guard; the outer and forward faces of this member shall measure at least 50 mm rearward and be turned 100 mm inwards in the case of R3b and at least 100 mm rearwards and be turned 100 mm inwards in the case of R4b.

• 2.5.The rearward edge of the side guard shall not be more than 300 mm forward of the transverse vertical plane tangential to the foremost part of the tyre on the wheel immediately to the rear; a continuous vertical member is not required on the rear edge.

• 2.6.The lower edge of the side guard shall at no point be more than 550 mm above the ground.

• 2.7.The upper edge of the guard shall not be more than 350 mm below that part of the structure of the vehicle, cut or contacted by a vertical plane tangential to the outer surface of the tyres, excluding any bulging close to the ground, except in the following cases:

• 2.7.1. where the plane in point 2.7 does not cut the structure of the vehicle, the upper edge shall be level with the surface of the load-carrying platform, of 950 mm from the ground, whichever is the less;

• 2.7.2. where the plane in point 2.7 cuts the structure of the vehicle at a level more than 1,3 m above the ground, then the upper edge of the side guard shall not be less than 950 mm above the ground.

• 2.8.Side guards shall be essentially rigid, securely mounted (they shall not be liable to loosening due to vibration in normal use of the vehicle) and made of metal or any other suitable material.

• The side guard shall be considered suitable if it is capable of withstanding a horizontal static force of 1 kN applied perpendicularly to any part of its external surface by the centre of a ram the face of which is circular and flat, with a diameter of 220 mm ± 10 mm, and if the deflection of the guard under load is then not more than:

• — 30 mm over the rearmost 250 mm of the guard, and

• — 150 mm over the remainder of the guard.

• 2.8.1. The above requirement may be checked by means of calculations.

• 2.9.The side guard may not be used for the attachment of brake, air or hydraulic pipes.

• 1. By derogation from the above provisions, vehicles of the following types need comply only as indicated in each case:

• 3.1. An extendible trailer shall comply with all of the requirements of point 2, when closed to its minimum length; when the trailer is extended, the side guards shall comply with points 2.6, 2.7 and 2.8, and with either 2.4 or 2.5 but not necessarily both; extension of the trailer shall not produce gaps in the length of the side guards;

• 3.2. a tank-vehicle that is a vehicle designed solely for the carriage of fluid substance in a closed tank permanently fitted to the vehicle and provided with hose or pipe connections for loading or unloading, shall be fitted with side guards which comply so far as is practicable with all the requirements of point 2; strict compliance may be waived only where operational requirements make this necessary;

• 3.3. On a vehicle fitted with extendible legs to provide additional stability during loading, unloading or other operations for which the vehicle is designed, the side guard may be arranged with additional gaps where these are necessary to permit extension of the legs.

• 1. If the sides of the vehicle are so designed and/or equipped that by their shape and characteristics their component parts together meet the requirements of point 2, they may be regarded as replacing the side guards.

• 1. Alternative requirements

Alternatively to complying with points 1.3 to 2.9 and point 4., manufacturers may choose whether to comply with points 2 and 3 and Parts I, II and III as well as Annex 3 of UNECE Regulation No 73 as referenced in Annex I.

Appendix 1

Method for determining the height of external surface projections

• 1.The height H of a projection is determined graphically by reference to the circumference of a 165 mm diameter circle, internally tangential to the external outline of the external surface at the section to be checked.

• 2.H is the maximum value of the distance, measured along a straight line passing through the centre of the 165 mm diameter circle, between the circumference of the aforesaid circle and the external contour of the projection (see Figure 1).

• 3.In cases where it is not possible for a 100 mm diameter circle to contact externally part of the external outline of the external surface at the section under consideration, the surface outline in this area shall be assumed to be that formed by the circumference of the 100 mm diameter circle between its tangent points with the external outline (see Figure 2).

• 4.Drawings of the necessary sections through the external surface shall be provided by the manufacturer to allow the height of the projections referred to above to be measured.

Figure 1

Image omitted; see official source

Figure 2

Image omitted; see official source

ANNEX XXVIII

Requirements on load platforms

• 1.The centre of gravity of the platform shall be situated between the axles.

• 2.The dimensions of the platform shall be such that:

• — the length does not exceed 1,4 times the front or rear track of the tractor, whichever is the larger,

• — the width does not exceed the maximum overall width of the tractor without equipment, or 2,55 m, whichever is the narrower.

• 3.The platform shall be laid out symmetrically in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the tractor.

• 4.The height of the load platform above the ground shall be not more than 150 cm.

• 5.The type of platform and the way it is fitted shall be such that, with a normal load, the driver’s field of vision remains adequate and the various compulsory lighting and light-signalling devices may continue to fulfil their proper function.

• 6.The load platform may be detachable; it shall be attached to the tractor in such a way as to avoid any risk of accidental detachment.

• 1. Length of the platform for tractors of categories T4.3 and T2

• 7.1.For tractors of category T4.3, the length of the platform shall not exceed 2,5 times the maximum front or rear track of the tractor, whichever is the larger.

• 7.2.For tractors of category T2, the length of the platform shall not exceed 1,8 times the maximum front or rear track of the tractor, whichever is the larger.

• 8.For vehicles with multiple load platforms, the centre of gravity of the vehicle with loaded platform(s) and without driver shall be situated between the front-most and the rearmost axle in all loading conditions. Any load shall be evenly distributed on the load platform(s).

ANNEX XXIX

Requirements on towing devices

1. Number

Every tractor shall have a special device to which it shall be possible to attach a connection such as a tow-bar or a tow-rope for towing purposes.

2. Position

The device shall be fitted to the front of the tractor, which shall be equipped with a coupling pin or hook.

3. Design

The towing device shall be of the slotted-jaw type or a winch suitable for its application. The opening at the centre of the locking pin shall be 60 mm + 0,5/– 1,5 mm and the depth of the jaw measured from the centre of the pin shall be 62 mm - 0,5 / +5 mm.

The coupling pin shall have a diameter of 30 + 1,5 mm and be fitted with a device preventing it from leaving its seating during use. The securing device shall be non-detachable.

The tolerance of + 1,5 mm referred to above should not be regarded as a manufacturing tolerance but as a permissible variation in nominal dimensions for pins of different designs.

4. Alternative requirements

• 4.1.The dimensions of point 3 can be exceeded if the manufacturer deems that they are not adequate for the size or mass of the vehicle.

• 4.2.Manufacturers may choose to apply on vehicles with a maximum technically permissible mass not exceeding 2 000  kg either the requirements of points 1, 2 and 3 or the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 1005/2010 ([^E0021]).

5. Instructions

The correct use of the towing device shall be explained in the Operator’s manual, in accordance with the requirements laid down in Article 25 of Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1322/2014.

ANNEX XXX

Requirements on tyres

1. Definitions

For the purposes of this Annex:

• 1.1. ‘Cyclic service’ means the condition that applies when the load on the tyre cycles between the fully loaded and the unloaded condition;

• 1.2. ‘High and sustained torque’ means the condition that occurs due to a load on the drawbar or hitch;

• 1.3. ‘Applicable tyre inflation pressure’ means the internal pressure of the tyre, with the tyre at ambient temperature (i.e. cold tyre pressure), recommended in conformity to the load, speed and service conditions of the vehicle. It does not include any pressure built up due to tyre usage and is expressed in kPa;

• 1.4. ‘Maximum load rating’ means the mass which a tyre can carry when operated in conformity with requirements governing utilisation specified by the tyre manufacturer;

• 1.5. ‘Maximum permissible mass per axle according to tyre specification’ means the mass corresponding to the maximum permissible static vertical load that can be transmitted to the ground by the wheels of the axle as restricted by the maximum load rating of tyre types that can be fitted to the vehicle as listed in the information document.

2. Requirements

2.1.   Requirements applying to the component type-approval of tyres

• 2.1.1. Provisions for pneumatic tyres designed primarily for agricultural vehicles with diagonal or bias-ply and bias-belted construction with a reference speed not exceeding 40 km/h (i.e. speed symbol A8), as well as radial tyres designed primarily for construction application purposes (i.e. tyres marked ‘Industrial’, ‘IND’, ‘R-4’ or ‘F-3’).

• 2.1.1.1. All tyres conforming to the relevant type shall be marked in conformity with points 2.1.1.2 to 2.1.1.2.4.

• 2.1.1.2. Specific requirements for markings.

• 2.1.1.2.1. Tyres shall bear the following markings, in conformity with ISO 4223-1:2002/Amd 1:2011, including:

• — the tyre size designation;

• — the load capacity index (i.e. a numerical code which indicates the load the tyre can carry at the speed corresponding to the associated speed category);

• — the speed category symbol (i.e. a symbol which indicates the maximum speed at which the tyre can carry the load corresponding to its load index); and

• — the word ‘TUBELESS’ if the tyre is designed for use without an inner tube.

• 2.1.1.2.2. Tyres shall bear the following additional markings:

• — the manufacturer's trade name or mark;

• — the inflation pressure that shall not be exceeded for the purpose of bead seating during tyre mounting;

• — in case of implement tyres the service description (i.e. load index and speed category symbol) shall be supplemented with the indication whether it applies to ‘drive wheel’ or to ‘free rolling wheel’ or to both; and

• — the date of manufacture in the form of a group of four digits, the first two showing the week and the last two the year of manufacture.

• 2.1.1.2.3. All markings mentioned in points 2.1.1.2.1 and 2.1.1.2.2 shall be legibly and permanently moulded into or onto the sidewall and produced as part of the process during manufacture. The use of branding or other methods of marking after completion of the original manufacturing process is not permitted.

• 2.1.1.2.4. In line with Article 34(2) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013, no type-approval mark is required for pneumatic tyres designed primarily for agricultural vehicles with diagonal or bias-ply and bias-belted construction with a reference speed not exceeding 40 km/h (i.e. speed symbol A8), as well as radial tyres designed primarily for construction application purposes (i.e. tyres marked ‘Industrial’, ‘IND’, ‘R-4’ or ‘F-3’) approved in accordance with this Regulation.

The information document and information folder that shall be submitted with the application for type-approval of those tyres are specified in the models set out in Article 68(a) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013.

A unique type-approval number, the model of which is set out in Article 68(h) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013, shall be assigned to each type-approved tyre and a type-approval certificate, the model of which is set out in Article 68(c) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013, shall be issued.

• 2.1.2. New pneumatic tyres conforming to the type complying with the requirements set out in points 2.1.1. to 2.1.1.2.4 may continue to be placed on the market until 31 December 2018.

• 2.1.2.1. Tyres that were manufactured prior to the date set out in point 2.1.2. which do not comply with the requirements of points 2.1.3. to 2.1.3.1. and which comply with the requirements set out in points 2.1.1. to 2.1.1.2.4. may be sold for a period not exceeding 30 months from that date.

• 2.1.3. Requirements for pneumatic tyres designed primarily for agricultural vehicles other than those set out in points 2.1.1. to 2.1.1.2.4.

• 2.1.3.1. Tyres not covered by the provisions of points 2.1.1 to 2.1.1.2.4. shall conform to the types approved under the relevant UNECE regulations.

2.2.   Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to the installation of tyres

• 2.2.1. Specific requirements for the installation of tyres on vehicles with a maximum design speed not exceeding 65 km/h.

• 2.2.1.1. Subject to the provisions of point 2.2.1.2. all tyres fitted to vehicles, including any spare tyre, shall be type-approved according to UNECE Regulation No 106 as referenced in Annex I.

• 2.2.1.1.1. For the purpose of vehicle type-approval in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 167/2013, tyres designed primarily for agricultural vehicles with diagonal or bias-ply and bias-belted construction with a reference speed not exceeding 40 km/h (i.e. speed symbol A8), as well as radial tyres designed primarily for construction application purposes (i.e. tyres marked ‘Industrial’, ‘IND’, ‘R-4’ or ‘F-3’) may until 31 December 2017 be type-approved according to this Regulation instead.

• 2.2.1.2. Where a vehicle is designed for conditions of use which are incompatible with the characteristics of tyres type-approved according to UNECE Regulation No 106, as referenced in Annex I, or this Regulation and it is therefore necessary to fit tyres with different characteristics, the requirements of point 2.2.1.1. do not apply, provided that the following conditions are met:

• — the tyres are in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council ([^E0022]) (i.e. type-approved according to UNECE regulations Nos 30, 54 and 117 as referenced in Annex I to this Regulation) or type-approved according to UNECE Regulation No 75, as referenced in Annex I, and

• — the approval authority and technical service are satisfied that the tyres fitted are suitable for the operating conditions of the vehicle. The nature of the exemption and reasons for acceptance shall be clearly stated in the test report.

• 2.2.2. Specific requirements for the installation of tyres on vehicles with a maximum design speed exceeding 65 km/h.

• 2.2.2.1. Subject to the provisions of point 2.2.2.2., all tyres fitted to vehicles, including any spare tyre, shall be in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 (i.e. type-approved according to UNECE Regulations Nos 30, 54 and 117 as referenced in Annex I).

• 2.2.2.2. Where a vehicle is designed for conditions of use which are incompatible with the characteristics of tyres type-approved in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 and it is therefore necessary to fit tyres with different characteristics, the requirements of point 2.2.2.1. do not apply, provided that the following conditions are met:

• — the tyres are type-approved according to UNECE Regulation No 75; as referenced in Annex I, and

• — the approval authority and technical service are satisfied that the tyres fitted are suitable for the operating conditions of the vehicle. The nature of the exemption and reasons for acceptance shall be clearly stated in the test report.

• 2.2.3. General requirements for the installation of tyres

• 2.2.3.1. All tyres normally fitted to one axle shall be of the same type, with the exception of the cases mentioned in points 2.2.4.1.1 and 2.2.4.1.2.

• 2.2.3.2. The space in which the wheel revolves shall be such as to allow unrestricted movement when using the maximum permissible size of tyres and rim widths, taking into account the minimum and maximum wheel off-sets if applicable, within the minimum and maximum suspension and steering constraints as declared by the vehicle manufacturer. This shall be verified by performing the checks with the largest and the widest tyres in each space, taking into account the applicable rim size and the maximum allowed section width and outer diameter of the tyre, in relation to the tyre size designation as specified in the relevant UNECE regulation. The checks shall be performed by rotating a representation of the tyre’s maximum envelope, not just the actual tyre, in the space for the wheel in question.

• 2.2.3.3. The technical service may agree to an alternative test procedure (e.g. virtual testing) to verify that the requirements of point 2.2.3.2 are met, provided that the clearance between the tyre’s maximum envelope and vehicle structure is complied with.

• 2.2.4. Load capacity

• 2.2.4.1. The maximum load rating of each tyre fitted on the vehicle, taking into due account the maximum design speed of the vehicle and the most demanding service conditions, as well as the special cases of points 2.2.6. to 2.2.6.5. if applicable, shall be at least equal to the following:

• — the maximum permissible mass per axle where the axle is equipped with one tyre only;

• — half of the maximum permissible mass per axle where the axle is equipped with two tyres in single formation;

• — 0,285 times the maximum permissible mass per axle where the axle is equipped with two sets of tyres in dual (twin) formation;

• — 0,20 times the maximum permissible mass per axle where the axle is equipped with two sets of tyres in triple formation.

• 2.2.4.1.1. In case where dual or triple formations are composed by tyres of different types (i.e. tyre size designations and service descriptions) the following apply:

• — the tyres shall have the same overall diameter;

• — the tyres shall be of the same ‘category of use’, ‘structure’ and ‘speed category symbol’ as defined in paragraphs 2.1.3, 2.1.4 and 2.1.5 of UNECE regulation 106, as referenced in Annex I;

• — the vehicle shall be equipped symmetrically;

• — the sum of the maximum load ratings of all tyres fitted to the axle shall be at least 1,14 times the maximum permissible axle mass in the case of dual formation and 1,2 times the maximum permissible axle mass in the case of triple formation;

• — the share of the maximum permissible mass per axle on each tyre of the formation shall not exceed the maximum load rating of each tyre;

• — the inflation pressure of each tyre in the formation shall conform to the recommendation of the tyre manufacturer taking into account the actual load on each tyre and the service conditions.

• 2.2.4.1.2. When a vehicle may be fitted on each axle with tyres for which the sum of maximum load rating is less than the maximum permissible mass per axle, the requirements of points 2.2.4.1 and 2.2.4.1.1 apply with the maximum permissible mass per axle according to the tyre specification instead of the maximum permissible mass per axle.

The maximum permissible mass per axle according to the tyre specification and the maximum permissible mass per axle are the ones declared by the vehicle manufacturer.

The owner’s manual, the information document and the certificate of conformity shall mention the values of mass per axle for each one of them depending on the maximum permissible mass per axle according to the tyre specification.

• 2.2.4.2. The maximum load rating of a tyre is determined as follows:

• 2.2.4.2.1. In the case of tyres identified by speed symbol D (i.e. 65 km/h) or lower the ‘table load-capacity variation with speed’ as referred to in paragraph 2.30 of UNECE Regulation No 106, as referenced in Annex I, for its specific category of use is taken into account. The table shows, as a function of the load-capacity indices and nominal-speed-category symbols, the load variations which a pneumatic tyre can withstand taking into account the maximum design speed of the vehicle.

• 2.2.4.2.2. In the case of tyres identified by speed symbol F (80 km/h) or higher, type-approved according to UNECE Regulation No 54, the ‘table load-capacity variation with speed’ as referred to in paragraph 2.29 of that Regulation is taken into account. The table shows, as a function of the load-capacity indices and nominal-speed-category symbols, the load variations which a pneumatic tyre can withstand taking into account the maximum design speed of the vehicle.

• 2.2.4.2.3. In the case of tyres type-approved according to UNECE Regulation No 75, the ‘table load-capacity variation with speed’ as referred to in paragraph 2.27 of that Regulation is taken into account. The table shows, as a function of the load-capacity indices and nominal-speed-category symbols, the load variations which a pneumatic tyre can withstand taking into account the maximum design speed of the vehicle.

• 2.2.4.3. The relevant information concerning load and speed indices as well as the applicable tyre inflation pressures shall be stated clearly in the instruction manual of the vehicle in order to ensure that suitable replacement tyres with an appropriate load capacity shall be fitted when necessary, once the vehicle has been put into service.

• 2.2.4.3.1. The load capacity index indicated in the information document shall be the lowest grade which is compatible with the maximum permissible load on the tyre in question. Tyres with a higher grade may be fitted.

• 2.2.5. Speed capacity

• 2.2.5.1. Every tyre fitted normally on the vehicle shall bear a speed category symbol.

• 2.2.5.1.1. The speed category symbol shall be compatible with the maximum design speed.

• 2.2.5.1.2. The adjusted load rating as referred to in points 2.2.4.2.1. to 2.2.4.2.3. shall be taken into account.

• 2.2.5.2. The relevant information and the applicable tyre inflation pressure shall be stated clearly in the vehicle owner’s handbook in order to ensure that suitable replacement tyres with an appropriate speed capacity shall be fitted when necessary, once the vehicle has been put into service.

• 2.2.5.2.1. The speed category as indicated in the information document shall be the lowest grade which is compatible with the maximum design vehicle speed. Tyres with a higher grade may be fitted.

• 2.2.6. Specific requirements for vehicles fitted with tyres identified by speed symbols corresponding to a maximum design speed not exceeding 65 km/h (i.e. up to symbol D).

2.2.6.1.   Cyclic service

• 2.2.6.1.1. In cyclic service:

• 2.2.6.1.1.1. unloading shall occur before road transport;

• 2.2.6.1.1.2. vehicles equipped with injectors, or any other ground engaging attachment (e.g. ploughs) or dragging objects are considered to be operating in a high torque mode;

• 2.2.6.1.1.3. vehicles towing trailers are also considered to be operating in a high torque mode when operating on slopes greater than 11° (20 %).

• 2.2.6.1.2. In case tyres classified in category of use 'Tractor - Steering wheel' and marked 'FRONT', 'F-1', 'F-2' or 'F-3' operated at speeds up to a maximum speed of 10 km/h on a tractor equipped with a 'Front end loader' the maximum load on a tyre shall not exceed 2,0 times the load corresponding to the load index marked on the tyre.

• 2.2.6.1.3. In case tyres classified in category of use 'Tractor - Drive wheel' operating in field applications with 'high and sustained torque' (e.g. ploughing) the maximum load on a tyre shall not exceed the load corresponding to the load index marked on the tyre multiplied by 1,07 for tyres with speed symbol A8 or 1,15 for tyres with speed symbol D.

• 2.2.6.1.4. In case tyres classified in category of use 'Tractor - Drive wheel' operating in field applications without 'high and sustained torque' and up to a maximum speed of 10 km/h (excluding hillside operations over 20 % slope) the maximum load on a tyre shall not exceed the load corresponding to the load index marked on the tyre multiplied by 1,70.

• 2.2.6.1.5. In case tyres classified in category of use 'Tractor - Drive wheel' operating in field applications without 'high and sustained torque' and a maximum speed not exceeding 15 km/h (excluding hillside operations over 20 % slope) the maximum load on a tyre shall not exceed the load corresponding to the load index marked on the tyre multiplied by 1,55.

• 2.2.6.1.6. In case tyres classified in category of use 'Implement, installed on T-, R- and S-category' vehicles, identified by speed symbols A6 or A8 with a nominal rim diameter code lower than 24, operating in 'cyclic high load variation' (i.e. when one way the vehicle is empty and on the other way the technically permissible maximum laden mass of the vehicle exceeds two times the unladen mass in running order) the variation in load capacity with speed identified in point 2.2.4.2.1. may be increased by up to 20 % for Free Rolling wheels or by up to 43 % in case of Drive wheels.

• 2.2.6.1.7. The minimum tyre inflation pressure to be adopted for the cases of the points 2.2.6.1.2 to 2.2.6.1.6 shall be provided by the tyre manufacturer.

• 2.2.6.2. In case of ‘Improved Flexion Tyre’ or ‘Very High Flexion Tyre’ classified in category of use ‘Tractor – Drive wheel’ (marked with prefix IF or VF) operated at speeds up to a maximum speed of 10 km/h fitted to a vehicle equipped with a ‘Front end loader’, the maximum load on a tyre shall not exceed 1,40 times the load corresponding to the load index marked on the tyre and the relevant reference pressure shall be increased by 80 kPa.

• 2.2.6.2.1. In the case of "Improved Flexion Tyre" classified in category of use 'Tractor Drive Wheel', marked with prefix IF and with suffix 'CFO', fitted to T-category vehicles operating in field applications without 'high and sustained torque' (excluding hillside operations over 20 % slope) the maximum load on a tyre shall not exceed the load corresponding to the load index marked on the tyre multiplied by 1,55 for operations up to a maximum speed of 15 km/h and by 1,30 for operations up to a maximum speed of 30 km/h.

• 2.2.6.3. Where tyres classified in category of use ‘Tractor – Drive wheel’ are marked with speed symbols D or A8 and fitted to agricultural trailers operating at speeds between 25 km/h and 40 km/h, the maximum load on a tyre shall not exceed 1,20 times the load corresponding to the load index marked on the tyre.

• 2.2.6.4. In case of tyres classified in category of use 'Forestry machines' fitted to traction wheels of T-category vehicles, for forestry purposes, with high and sustained torque applications in forestry service at speeds up to 10 km/h (including the cases of points 2.2.6.1.1.2 and 2.2.6.1.1.3), the maximum load on a tyre shall not exceed the load corresponding to the load index marked on the tyre.

• 2.2.6.5. In case of tyres classified in category of use 'Implement', marked with speed symbols A6 or A8, fitted to free rolling steering wheels of T–category vehicles, the load capacity identified as ‘Free Rolling’, taking into account the maximum design speed of the vehicle as well as the variation of load capacity with speed according to definition 2.30 of UNECE Regulation No 106 shall be multiplied by up 0,80.

• 2.2.6.6. The relevant information and the applicable tyre inflation pressure shall be stated clearly in the instruction manual of the vehicle in order to ensure that suitable replacement tyres with an appropriate load capacity shall be fitted when necessary, once the vehicle has been put into service.

• 2.2.6.7. In case the applicable tyre inflation pressure for tyres fitted to agricultural or forestry vehicles exceeds 500 kPa, the tyre ground pressure exerted on a flat surface shall not exceed 0,8 MPa.

• 2.2.6.7.1. The tyre ground pressure is the average load transmitted by the correctly inflated tyre, through its contact area, onto a flat surface. The vertical force is taken under static conditions on the axis of the wheel taking into account the maximum permissible mass per axle as declared by the manufacturer. The tyre contact area consists of the flat surface contained within the convex polygonal curve circumscribing the smallest area containing all points of contact between the tyre and the ground.

3. Accredited in-house technical services of the manufacturer

A tyre manufacturer may be designated as accredited in-house technical service to perform self testing, in accordance with Article 60 of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013.

ANNEX XXXI

Requirements on spray-suppression systems

1. Requirements for all vehicles in category Tb and Rb

• 1.1.Tb and Rb category vehicles shall be equipped with wheel guards (parts of the bodywork, mudguards, etc.).

• 1.2.The wheel guards shall be designed so that they protect other road users as far as possible from dispersed stones, dirt, ice, snow and water.

• 1.3.The wheels shall have a guard at the top, which covers at least 2/3 of the total width of the tyre. The front and rear edge of the guard shall cover an angle of at least 90°.

• 1.4.Rb category vehicles, equipped with C3 tyres or with other tyres with road profile permitted for those vehicles, shall be equipped with wheel guards that cover the total width of the tyre; the front part of the wheel guard shall cover an angle of at least 30° towards the front, the rear part of it shall cover an angle of at least 60° rearward of the vertical plane passing through of the centre of the wheels. Parts of the bodywork may form parts of the guards if they provide the same level of protection against thrown-up stones, mud, ice, snow and water.

ANNEX XXXII

Requirements on the reverse gear

All tractors shall be equipped with a device for reversing which can be operated from the driving position.

ANNEX XXXIII

Requirements on tracks

1. Definitions

For the purposes of this Annex:

• 1.1. ‘Track undercarriage’ means a system comprising at least two of the following items: track rollers, track idler and track driver, with a continuous track chain or track belt running around them.

• 1.2. ‘Track rollers’ means the cylinders in the track undercarriage that transmit the mass of the vehicle and track undercarriage to the ground via the track belt or track chain.

• 1.3. ‘Track belt’ means a continuous flexible rubber like belt, reinforced internally to enable the tractive forces.

• 1.4. ‘Track length’ means the distance between the centres of the extreme track rollers under which the pads or track belt are contacting the ground.

• 1.5. ‘Track width’ means the distance between two parallel planes bounding the outside of the raised tread pattern (lugs) or pads.

• 1.6. ‘Track idler’ means sprockets or pulleys in the track undercarriage that do not transmit torque to the track belt or track chain, their main function being the tensioning of the track chain or track belt; track idlers may also create the ramp up/down angles in the track geometry.

• 1.7. ‘Track driver’ means the sprocket or cage wheel in the track undercarriage that transmit torque from the vehicle drive system to the track belt or track chain.

• 1.8. ‘Track chain’ means a continuous metallic chain which engages with the track driver and where each link is with a transversal metallic track shoe, the latter optionally padded with a rubber strip for road surface protection.

• 1.9. Figures illustrating definitions set out in points 1.2, 1.6 and 1.7: Image omitted; see official source

2. Scope

• 2.1.Vehicles of category C shall fulfil the requirements of this Annex.

• 2.1.1.Vehicles with maximum design speed not exceeding 15 km/h shall be equipped either with track chains or with track belts.

• 2.1.2.Vehicles with a maximum design speed exceeding 15 km/h and not exceeding 40 km/h shall be equipped with track belts only.

• 2.1.3.Vehicles with a maximum design speed exceeding 40 km/h shall be equipped with track belts only.

3. Requirements

• 3.1. Vehicles with a maximum design speed of not less than 15 km/h shall be equipped with track belts.

• 3.2. Track undercarriages shall be non-damaging to roads. Vehicles with track undercarriages are non-damaging to roads if the limits set out in points 3.3 to 3.5 are not exceeded and the contact surface of the track undercarriage with the road pavement is composed of an elastomeric material (such as rubber, etc.).

• 3.3. Mean Ground Contact Pressure

3.3.1.   Track chains

• 3.3.1.1.Vehicles falling under point 2.1.1 shall have a Mean Ground Contact Pressure, P, not exceeding 0,65 MPa, calculated according to the following formula:

Image omitted; see official source

• Where NR is the total number of track rollers directly transferring load onto the road surface (via the tracks and pads) and AP is the outer surface area of each pad (i.e. in contact with the road), in mm². AP is defined by measuring the footprint of one pad perpendicular under the centre of a not extreme track roller, by lowering a laden vehicle onto a suitable piece of cardboard or other permanently deformable material and measuring the area of the depression so caused.

• 3.3.1.2.For vehicles with a combination of wheeled axles and tracks, the load acting through the wheeled axles with the vehicle in the laden condition shall be measured using suitable weigh pads and subtracted from the overall maximum permissible mass to calculate P. Alternatively, the manufacturer’s declared maximum combined load for the track undercarriages may be substituted for the maximum permissible vehicle mass.

3.3.2.   Track belts

• 3.3.2.1.Vehicles falling under point 2.1.2 shall have a Mean Ground Contact pressure, P, not exceeding 0,5 MPa, calculated according to the following formula:

Image omitted; see official source

• Where AL is the total surface area of rubber lugs in contact with the road, between the centres of the extreme track rollers under which the track belt is contacting the ground. The supplier of the rubber belt shall provide the percentage of lug area ([^E0023]) versus the total surface of the belt (defined as the track length multiplied by the track width), or the total lug area in contact with the road can be measured by lowering a laden vehicle onto a suitable piece of cardboard or other permanently deformable material and measuring the total area of the depressions so caused.

• 3.3.2.2.For vehicles with a combination of wheeled axles and tracks, the load acting through the wheeled axles with the vehicle in the laden condition shall be measured using suitable weigh pads and subtracted from the overall maximum permissible mass to calculate P. Alternatively, the manufacturer’s declared maximum combined load for the track undercarriages may be substituted for the maximum permissible vehicle mass.

• 3.3.2.3.Vehicles falling under point 2.1.3 shall have a Mean Ground Contact pressure, P, not exceeding 0,2 MPa, calculated according to points 3.3.2.1. and 3.3.2.2.

• 3.4. The maximum load per track roller shall not exceed 2 250  kg, calculated by dividing the maximum permissible mass in kg (allowing for any mass acting on any wheeled axles in the same way as 3.3.1.2 or 3.3.2.2) by the total number of track rollers directly transferring load onto the road surface.

• 3.5. The maximum load per unit length of track surface in contact with the road shall be calculated by dividing the maximum permissible mass in kg (allowing for any mass acting on any wheeled axles in the same way as 3.3.1.2 or 3.3.2.2) by the total length in metres of tracks in contact with the road at any given moment in time (i.e. between the centres of the extreme track rollers), on the basis of the limits provided under 3.3.1.1 or 3.3.2.1 or 3.3.2.3, following the vehicle case under 2.1.1 or 2.1.2 or 2.1.3 respectively, and 3.4.

• 3.6. On the inside of track belts, there shall be elements to ensure that the track belt shall be guided over the rollers. On the outside, there shall be a track pattern appropriate for the specific intended use in the agricultural or forestry sector.

• 3.7. Torque can be transmitted by friction (directly) or by positive engagement of track rollers with track.

• 3.8. In vehicles in which track belts are driven by friction, the operator shall have a continuous indication of track tension during road travel, or there shall be a visual and/or audible signal that is activated when the minimum belt tension is reached.

• 3.9. Steering action

3.9.1.   Vehicles falling under point 2.1.1 or under point 2.1.2

• 3.9.1.1.For vehicles with only one track undercarriage at each side, the steering function shall be performed by changing the speed between the left-hand side and right-hand side track undercarriages.

• 3.9.1.2.For vehicles with two track undercarriages at each side, the steering function shall be performed by articulation of the front and rear part of the vehicle around a central vertical axis or by pivoting of two opposite or all four track undercarriages.

3.9.2.   Vehicles falling under point 2.1.3

• 3.9.2.1.The steering function shall be performed by articulation of the front and rear part of the vehicle around a central vertical axis or by articulation of all track undercarriages.

3.9.3.   Vehicles falling under point 2.1.1 or 2.1.2 or 2.1.3 and which the undercarriage is a combination of a wheeled axle and a set of the corresponding tracks

• 3.9.3.1.The steering function shall be performed by changing the direction of the wheels on the wheeled axle and/or by articulation of the front and rear part of the vehicle around a central vertical axis. The wheeled axle can be installed at the front or at the rear of the vehicle.

• 3.10. Marking

The type-approval mark shall be affixed to the statutory plate in accordance with Annex XX, presenting the compliance of the vehicle with the appropriate requirements of points 3.1 – 3.7.

ANNEX XXXIV

Requirements on mechanical couplings

1. Definitions

For the purposes of this Annex:

• 1.1. ‘Mechanical coupling between tractor and towed vehicle’ means the components installed on the tractor and on the towed vehicle in order to provide the mechanical coupling between those vehicles.

• 1.2. ‘Type of mechanical coupling between tractor and towed vehicle’ means parts which do not differ from one another in such essential respects as:
• — nature of mechanical coupling component,
• — drawbar rings,
• — external shape, dimensions or mode of operation (e.g. automatic or non-automatic),
• — material,
• — value of D as defined in Appendix 2 for the test performed using the dynamic method or the trailer mass as defined in Appendix 3 for tests performed using the static method, and also the vertical load on the coupling point S.

• 1.3. ‘Reference centre of mechanical coupling on tractor’ means the point on the pin axis which is equidistant from the wings in the case of a fork and the point resulting from the intersection of the plane of symmetry of the hook with the generatrix of the concave part of the hook at the level of contact with the ring when this is in the traction position.

• 1.3.a. ‘Reference centre of mechanical coupling on towed vehicle’ means, for coupling devices with a cylindrical or rounded head, the point of intersection between the vertical axis passing through the centre of the device hole and the centreline plane of the cylindrical or rounded device head, and, for coupling devices with spherical head, the point of the geometric centre of the spherical cavity.

• 1.4. ‘Height above ground of mechanical coupling on tractor’ means the distance between the horizontal plane through the reference centre of the mechanical coupling on tractor and the horizontal plane on which the wheels of the tractor are resting.

• 1.5. ‘Vertical load on the coupling point’ means the load transmitted, under static conditions on the reference centre of the mechanical coupling.

• 1.6. ‘Automatic mechanical coupling’ means a mechanical coupling component which closes and secures itself when the sliding mechanism for the drawbar rings is actuated, without further action.

• 1.7. ‘Weight on the front axle of the unladen tractor’ means that part of the weight of the tractor which, under static conditions, is transmitted on the ground by the front axle of the tractor.

2. General requirements

• 2.1.The mechanical coupling components may be designed to function automatically or non-automatically.

• 2.2.The mechanical coupling components on the vehicle shall conform to the dimensional and strength requirements in point 3.1 and point 3.2 and the requirements for the vertical load on the coupling point in point 3.3.

• 2.3.The mechanical coupling components shall be so designed and made that in normal use they will continue to function satisfactorily and retain the characteristics prescribed by this Annex.

• 2.4.All parts of mechanical coupling components shall be made of materials of a quality sufficient to withstand the tests referred to in point 3.2. and shall have durable strength characteristics.

• 2.5.All the couplings and their locks shall be easy to engage and release and shall be so designed that under normal operating conditions no accidental de-coupling is possible.

• In automatic coupling components the locked position shall be secured in a form-locking manner by two independently functioning safety devices. However, the latter may be released using the same control device.

• 2.6. For mechanical couplings on tractors, the drawbar ring shall be capable of tilting horizontally at least 60^o on both sides of the longitudinal axis of a non-built-in coupling device. In addition, vertical mobility of 20^o upwards and downwards is required at all times. (See also Appendix 1.)

• The angles of articulation shall not be attained at the same time.

• 2.7.For mechanical couplings on tractors, the jaw shall permit the drawbar rings to swivel axially at least 90^o to the right or left around the longitudinal axis of the coupling with a fixed braking momentum of between 30 and 150 Nm.

• The towing hook, no-swivel clevis coupling, ball coupling and pin (piton) coupling shall allow the drawbar ring to swivel axially at least 20^o to the right or left around the longitudinal axis of the coupling.

• 2.8.For mechanical couplings on tractors, in order to prevent unintentional uncoupling from the hitch ring, the distance between the towing hook or ball head or pin (piton) tip and the keeper (clamping device) shall not exceed 10 mm at the maximum design load.

• 2.9.Where a towed vehicle tows another towed vehicle, the mechanical coupling of the former shall comply with the requirements on mechanical couplings for tractors.

3. Special requirements

3.1.   Dimensions

The dimensions of the mechanical coupling components on the tractor shall comply with Appendix 1, Figures 1 to 5 and Table 1.

The dimensions of the mechanical coupling components on the towed vehicle shall comply with the ones permitted by the combinations in Table 2 of Appendix 1.

3.2.   Strength

• 3.2.1.For the purposes of checking their strength, the mechanical coupling components shall undergo:

• (i) a dynamic test under the conditions set out in Appendix 2 or a static test under the conditions set out in Appendix 3, if they are used on vehicles with maximum design speed not exceeding 40 km/h;

• (ii) a dynamic test under the conditions set out in Appendix 2, if they are used on vehicles with maximum design speed exceeding 40 km/h.

• Alternatively, in both cases set out in points (i) and (ii), the dynamic test may be performed according to the requirements of the UNECE Regulation No 55 as referenced in Annex I.

• 3.2.2.The test shall not cause any permanent deformation, breaks or tears.

3.3.   Vertical load on the coupling point (S)

• 3.3.1.The maximum static vertical load is laid down by the manufacturer.  However, it shall not exceed 3 000  kg, except for the ball coupling, where the maximum value shall not exceed 4 000  kg.

• 3.3.2.Conditions of acceptance:

• 3.3.2.1. The permissible static vertical load shall not exceed the technically permissible static vertical load recommended by the manufacturer of the tractor nor the static vertical load laid down for the mechanical coupling pursuant to component type-approval.

• 3.3.2.2. Whatever the state of loading of the tractor, the mass transmitted to the road by the wheels on the forward (steering) axle shall not be less than 20 % of the unladen mass of that tractor, but the maximum load on the rear (other) axle shall not be exceeded.

3.4.   Height above the ground of the coupling device (h)

Image omitted; see official source

• 3.4.1. For mechanical couplings on tractors, all tractors with a technically permissible maximum laden mass exceeding 2,5 tonnes shall be fitted with a trailer coupling having a ground clearance satisfying one of the following relations:

Image omitted; see official source

or

Image omitted; see official source

where:

mt	:	mass of the tractor,
---	---	---
mlt	:	mass of the tractor with ballast weight on the front axle,
---	---	---
ma	:	weight on the front axle of the unladen tractor,
---	---	---
mla	:	weight on the front axle of the tractor with ballast weight on the front axle,
---	---	---
l	:	tractor wheelbase,
---	---	---
S	:	vertical load on the coupling point,
---	---	---
c	:	distance between the reference centre of the mechanical coupling and the vertical plane passing through the axle of the rear wheels of the tractor.

• Masses mt, mlt, ma and mla are expressed in kg.

4. Conditions for granting EU type approval

• 4.1.A vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved, on which a coupling device, duly approved, is mounted is submitted to the technical services responsible for conducting the type-approval tests.

• 4.2.The technical service responsible for conducting the type-approval tests checks whether the approved type of coupling device is suitable for mounting on the type of vehicle for which type-approval is requested. In particular, it ascertains that the attachment of the coupling device corresponds to that which was tested when the EU component type-approval was granted.

• 4.3.For each type of mechanical coupling component the application shall be accompanied by the following documents and particulars:

• — scale drawings of the coupling device (three copies). These drawings shall in particular show the required dimensions in detail as well as the measurements for mounting the device,

• — a short technical description of the coupling device specifying the kind of construction and the material used,

• — a statement of the value of D as referred to in Appendix 2 for the dynamic test or the value of T (towable mass in tonnes), corresponding to the technically permissible maximum laden trailer mass, as referred to in Appendix 3 for the static test, and also the vertical maximum load on the coupling point S (expressed in kg),

• — one or more sample devices as required by the technical service.

• 4.4.The holder of the EU type-approval may apply for its extension for other types of coupling device.

• 4.5.The competent authorities grant such extension on the following conditions:

• 4.5.1. the new type of coupling device has received EU component type-approval;

• 4.5.2. it is suitable for mounting on the type of vehicle for which the extension of the EU type-approval is requested;

• 4.5.3. the attachment of the coupling device on the vehicle corresponds to that which was presented when EU component type-approval was granted.

• 4.6.A certificate, which template is set out in Annex V of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/504, is annexed to the EU type-approval certificate for each type-approval or type-approval extension which has been granted or refused.

• 4.7.If the application for EU type-approval for a type of vehicle is made at the same time as the request for EU component type-approval for a coupling device on a vehicle for which EU type-approval is requested, then points 4.1 and 4.2 are unnecessary.

• 4.8.All mechanical couplings shall be accompanied by the manufacturer’s instructions for use. These instructions shall include the EU component type-approved number and also the values of D (kN) or T (tonnes) depending on which test was performed on the coupling.

5. Markings

• 5.1.Every mechanical coupling component conforming to the type for which EU component type-approval has been granted shall bear a marking with the following inscriptions:

• 5.1.1. trade name or mark;

• 5.1.2. EU component type-approval mark conforming to the model set out in Annex IV of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/504;

• 5.1.3. where the strength is checked in accordance with Appendix 2 (dynamic test): permissible value of D (kN), static vertical load value of S (kg);

• 5.1.4. where the strength is checked in accordance with Appendix 3 (static test): towable mass T (tonnes), and vertical load on the coupling point S (kg).