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Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/1724 of 8 August 2025 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of barium carbonate originating in the People`s Republic of China and India

Type Implementing Regulation

Publication 2025-08-11

State In force

Text As published

Department European Commission, TRADE

Source EUR-Lex

articles 4

This is the act as published. Later amendments are not folded into the text below: each one is a separate act in this repository and an entry in this law's history.

Reform history JSON API

(257) Kimpe and L’Aprochimide, both unrelated importers, cooperated in this investigation and provided a questionnaire reply. Another unrelated importer, Europea de materias primas also came forward. However, it did not provide a questionnaire reply by the additional deadline set by the Commission.

(258) The imposition of measures would impact the purchasing price of barium carbonate for the importers. The importers which are not able to negotiate a contract with an adjustment clause if antidumping measures are imposed, might bear a temporary loss for those sales transactions already negotiated at a price not taking into account anti-dumping duties. However, taking into account the limited share of barium carbonate in the cooperating importers’ business and their healthy profitability, the Commission considers that the measures would have limited impact on them.

(259) The Commission thus concluded that it would not be against the interest of the importers to impose anti-dumping duties.

7.3. Interest of users

(260) Four users and one user association participated in this investigation, they all opposed the imposition of duties. Kimpe SAS, (‘Kimpe’), Esmalglass S.A (‘Esmalglass’), Younexa S.A (‘Younexa’) and Fritta S.A (‘Fritta’) provided questionnaire replies. The Spanish national association of frits, glazes and ceramic colours manufacturers (Asociation Nacional de Fabricantes de Firtas, Esmaltes y Colores cerámicos ‘ANFFECC’) submitted comments on Union interest.

(261) One of the users, Kimpe produces liquid barium. The three other users are related to each other, and they produce frits and glazes for ceramic tiles.

7.3.1. Producers of liquid barium

(262) Kimpe, in addition to its activity as an importer, also processes barium carbonate to produce liquid barium or slurry (a mixture composed of 70 % barium carbonate in powder form, water and some additives) used in the production of clay bricks and tiles. With respect to this activity, Kimpe is a user in the present investigation.

(263) Kimpe opposed the imposition of measures and claimed that the imposition of duties would be against the Union interest as they would have a negative impact on its business and on the business of its clients who buy liquid barium i.e. the clay brick and tiles producers.

(264) Kimpe also argued that barium carbonate grades produced by the Union industry on the one hand and imported from China and India on the other hand were not technically similar. According to Kimpe, a major part of the market of brick and roof tiles applications have used barium carbonate only in liquid form for 20 years which is the standard technology in this segment and would not switch back to powder barium carbonate. According to Kimpe, the Union industry offers barium carbonate only in powder and granular from and therefore there is no direct competition between liquid barium carbonate and the barium carbonate produced by the Union industry.

(265) First, the Commission notes that liquid barium carbonate does not qualify as product concerned and is therefore not subject to the present investigation. In fact, liquid barium carbonate is a downstream product of powder barium carbonate.

(266) Regarding the impact of duties on users producing liquid barium carbonate, the questionnaire reply of Kimpe showed that barium carbonate represented 80-100 % of it cost of production. Measures against imports of barium carbonate from China and India would therefore have a significant impact on this user. However, given the marginal amount of barium carbonate used in the production of bricks, a price increase due to the imposition of duties would likely not impact the demand for barium carbonate in the bricks sector and thus would not impact Kimpe’s sales volumes in a substantial way. The investigation also showed that Kimpe had healthy profit in the investigation period and in the preceding year.

(267) Kimpe claimed that Kandelium produces barium carbonate in granules form via the calcination process, which was more expensive than pressing used in China. Kimpe maintained that granulated barium, whether via the pressed method or calcination, had the same chemical characteristics but the calcination process increased the cost of production. Kimpe also claimed that calcined barium carbonate had a level of hardness that facilitated its breaking during transport or pouring generating dust which made in unsuitable for producers of liquid barium.

(268) As concluded in recital (23), barium carbonate imported from China and India and barium carbonate produced in the Union have the same characteristics. Calcined barium might not the be first choice for several users, because of its higher price and its physical characteristics, however, it is particularly suitable in the production of certain glass and crystals products.

(269) In view of the findings of the investigation summarized in recital (266), the Commission concluded that the cooperating user of liquid barium would not be significantly negatively affected by the imposition of the duties.

7.3.2. Producers of frits and glazes for ceramic tiles

(270) Esmalglass, Younexa and Fritta, are Spanish producers of frits and glazes for ceramic tiles. They opposed the imposition of measures.

(271) The investigation confirmed that barium carbonate accounted for less than 10 % of the cost of production of the cooperating users in the fritz and glazes industry. These users had a healthy profitability of over 15 % on products using barium carbonate.

(272) Based on the verified questionnaire replies of these users, the Commission estimated that the overall impact of the duties on the cost of production of these users would be relatively limited even if they would not be able to pass on the price increase to their customers.

(273) ANFFECC claimed that for certain products barium carbonate represents up to 40 % of the cost of production without, however, providing evidence to support this claim.

(274) ANFFECC also claimed that should measures be imposed, due to their low profit margins, the European producers of frits and glazes would be forced to delocalise to countries without antidumping measures in force on barium carbonate. This claim was not substantiated with evidence and the Commission could not verify it.

(275) ANFFECC also argued that Kandelium was absent from the Spanish market since several years and that the manufacturers of frits and glazes in Spain entirely relied on imports. ANFFECC argued that the higher prices of Kandelium compared to the international prices related to a higher level of service which was however not needed by most of the users in Spain.

(276) Moreover, ANFFECC claimed that potential anti-dumping measures would strengthen even more the monopolistic position of Kandelium in the Union.

(277) ANFFECC also claimed that Kandelium’s survival did not depend only on the production of barium carbonate, since the Union producer is also manufacturing strontium carbonate.

(278) All users and ANFFECC claimed that the Union producer had a limited production capacity for barium carbonate as it had only one production line which produces two products: barium carbonate and strontium carbonate.

(279) Kandelium contested the arguments mentioned in recitals (275) to (278). Kandelium claimed that it had enough production capacity both in terms of technical capacity and from a regulatory perspective to satisfy EU demand and claimed that Kandelium had regular contact with Spanish customers. Kandelium added that during the COVID-19 pandemic and the global supply chain crisis in 2021 and 2022, it was able to cover supply shortages from China and India in a timely manner. In this respect, the Commission found that Union consumption was below the production capacity of the Union industry in 2023 and in the IP. Moreover, imports from the countries concerned had a significant market share of [65-80 %] in the investigation period and these imports can continue to enter the Union market on fair terms after the imposition of anti-dumping measures. The Commission therefore concluded that there was no risk of shortage of supply.

(280) Moreover, should the Union industry cease the production of barium carbonate due to price pressure from dumped imports from China and India, the Union market would depend entirely on imports. Currently users can rely on three main sources of supply of barium carbonate (EU, China and India), while in the absence of measures they might solely depend on China and India. This would lead to a consequent loss of competition, a lesser diversity of supply and would involve serious risks in case of trade disruptions, as observed for instance during the COVID-19 pandemic.

(281) The Commission therefore concluded that it would not be against the interest of the users to impose anti-dumping duties.

7.4. Conclusion on Union interest

(282) On the basis of the above, the Commission concluded that there were no compelling reasons that it was not in the Union interest to impose measures on imports of barium carbonate originating in China and India at this stage of the investigation.

8. PROVISIONAL ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES

(283) On the basis of the conclusions reached by the Commission on dumping, injury, causation, level of measures and Union interest, provisional measures should be imposed to prevent further injury being caused to the Union industry by the dumped imports.

(284) On the basis of the above, the provisional anti-dumping duty rates, expressed on the CIF Union border price, customs duty unpaid, should be as follows:

Country	Company	Provisional anti-dumping duty
People`s Republic of China	Guizhou Redstar Developing Co.,Ltd.	83,9 %
People`s Republic of China	Hubei Jingshan Chutian Barium Salt Corp. Ltd	72,6 %
India	Vishnu Barium Private Limited	4,6 %
People`s Republic of China	Other cooperating companies	78,2 %
People`s Republic of China	All other imports originating in country concerned	83,9 %
India	All other imports originating in country concerned	4,6 %

(285) The individual company anti-dumping duty rates specified in this Regulation were established on the basis of the findings of this investigation. Therefore, they reflect the situation found during this investigation with respect to these companies. These duty rates are exclusively applicable to imports of the product concerned originating in the countries concerned and produced by the named legal entities. Imports of the product concerned produced by any other company not specifically mentioned in the operative part of this Regulation, including entities related to those specifically mentioned, should be subject to the duty rate applicable to ‘all other imports originating in China’. They should not be subject to any of the individual anti-dumping duty rates.

(286) To minimise the risks of circumvention due to the difference in duty rates, special measures are needed to ensure the application of the individual anti-dumping duties. The application of individual anti-dumping duties is only applicable upon presentation of a valid commercial invoice to the customs authorities of the Member States. The invoice must conform to the requirements set out in Article 1 of this regulation. Until such invoice is presented, imports should be subject to the anti-dumping duty applicable to ‘all other imports originating in country concerned’.

(287) While presentation of this invoice is necessary for the customs authorities of the Member States to apply the individual rates of anti-dumping duty to imports, it is not the only element to be taken into account by the customs authorities. Indeed, even if presented with an invoice meeting all the requirements set out in Article 1 of this regulation, the customs authorities of Member States must carry out their usual checks and may, like in all other cases, require additional documents (shipping documents etc.) for the purpose of verifying the accuracy of the particulars contained in the declaration and ensure that the subsequent application of the lower rate of duty is justified, in compliance with customs law.

(288) Should the exports by one of the companies benefiting from lower individual duty rates increase significantly in volume after the imposition of the measures concerned, a percentage may be introduced, depending on the case, although not advisable such an increase in volume could be considered as constituting in itself a change in the pattern of trade due to the imposition of measures within the meaning of Article 13(1) of the basic Regulation. In such circumstances and provided the conditions are met an anti-circumvention investigation may be initiated. This investigation may, inter alia, examine the need for the removal of individual duty rate(s) and the consequent imposition of a country-wide duty.

9. REGISTRATION

(289) As mentioned in recital (3), the Commission made imports of the product concerned subject to registration. Registration took place with a view to possibly collecting duties retroactively under Article 10(4) of the basic Regulation.

(290) In view of the findings at provisional stage, the registration of imports should cease/be discontinued.

(291) No decision on a possible retroactive application of anti-dumping measures has been taken/can be taken at this stage of the proceeding.

10. INFORMATION AT PROVISIONAL STAGE

(292) In accordance with Article 19a of the basic Regulation, the Commission informed interested parties about the planned imposition of provisional duties. This information was also made available to the general public via DG TRADE's website. Interested parties were given three working days to provide comments on the accuracy of the calculations specifically disclosed to them.

(293) No comments on the accuracy of the calculations were received.

11. FINAL PROVISIONS

(294) In the interests of sound administration, the Commission will invite the interested parties to submit written comments and/or to request a hearing with the Commission and/or the Hearing Officer in trade proceedings within a fixed deadline.

(295) The findings concerning the imposition of provisional duties are provisional and may be amended at the definitive stage of the investigation,

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

Article 1

A provisional anti-dumping duty is imposed on imports of barium carbonate with a strontium content of more than 0,07 % by weight and a sulphur content of more than 0,0015 % by weight, whether in powder, pressed granular or calcined granular form, currently falling under CN code ex 2836 60 00 (TARIC code 2836 60 00 10), and originating in the People’s Republic of China and India.

The rates of the provisional anti-dumping duty applicable to the net, free-at-Union-frontier price, before duty, of the product described in paragraph 1 and produced by the companies listed below shall be as follows:

Country of origin	Company	Provisional anti-dumping duty	TARIC additional code
People’s Republic of China	Guizhou Redstar Developing CO., LTD.	83,9 %	89SE
People’s Republic of China	Hubei Jingshan Chutian Barium Salts Co., Ltd.	72,6 %.	89SF
People’s Republic of China	Other cooperating companies listed in Annex	78,2 %	See Annex
People’s Republic of China	All other imports originating in country concerned	83,9 %	8999
India	Vishnu Barium Private Limited	4,6 %	89SH
India	All other imports originating in country concerned	4,6 %	8999

The application of the individual duty rates specified for the companies mentioned in paragraph 2 shall be conditional upon presentation to the Member States’ customs authorities of a valid commercial invoice, on which shall appear a declaration dated and signed by an official of the entity issuing such invoice, identified by his/her name and function, drafted as follows: ‘I, the undersigned, certify that the (volume in unit we are using) of (product concerned) sold for export to the European Union covered by this invoice was manufactured by (company name and address) (TARIC additional code) in country concerned. I declare that the information provided in this invoice is complete and correct.’ Until such invoice is presented, the duty applicable to all other imports originating in country concerned shall apply.

The release for free circulation in the Union of the product referred to in paragraph 1 shall be subject to the provision of a security deposit equivalent to the amount of the provisional duty.

Unless otherwise specified, the provisions in force concerning customs duties shall apply.

Article 2

Interested parties shall submit their written comments on this regulation to the Commission within 15 calendar days of the date of entry into force of this Regulation.

Interested parties wishing to request a hearing with the Commission shall do so within 5 calendar days of the date of entry into force of this Regulation.

Interested parties wishing to request a hearing with the Hearing Officer in trade proceedings are invited to do so within 5 calendar days of the date of entry into force of this Regulation. The Hearing Officer may examine requests submitted outside this time limit and may decide whether to accept to such requests if appropriate.

Article 3

Customs authorities are hereby directed to discontinue the registration of imports established in accordance with Article 1 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/482.

Data collected regarding products which entered the European Union for consumption not more than 90 days prior to the date of the entry into force of this Regulation shall be kept until the entry into force of possible definitive measures, or the termination of this proceeding.

Article 4

This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels, 8 August 2025.

For the Commission

The President

Ursula VON DER LEYEN

[^ntr1-L_202501724EN.000101-E0001]: OJ L 176, 30.6.2016, p. 21, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/1036/oj.

[^ntr2-L_202501724EN.000101-E0002]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/482 of 14 March 2025 making imports of barium carbonate originating in the People’s Republic of China and India subject to registration (OJ L, 2025/482, 17.3.2025, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/482/oj).

[^ntr4-L_202501724EN.000101-E0004]: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959 of 17 July 2024 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of erythritol originating in the People’s Republic of China (OJ L, 2024/1959, 19.7.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/1959/oj); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180 of 16 October 2023 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/607 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of citric acid originating in the People’s Republic of China as extended to imports of citric acid consigned from Malaysia, whether declared as originating in Malaysia or not, following a new exporter review pursuant to Article 11(4) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L, 2023/2180, 17.10.2023, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2023/2180/oj); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752 of 12 April 2023 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of sodium gluconate originating in the People’s Republic of China following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 100, 13.4.2023, p. 16, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2023/752/oj); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/441 of 11 March 2021 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of sulphanilic acid originating in the People’s Republic of China following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 85, 12.3.2016, p. 154, ELI: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2021/441).

[^ntr5-L_202501724EN.000101-E0005]: Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959, recitals 161-162; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 89-90; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 70.

[^ntr6-L_202501724EN.000101-E0006]: Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959 recitals 103-113; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 46-50; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 49.

[^ntr7-L_202501724EN.000101-E0007]: Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959 recitals 114-122; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 51-55; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recitals 50-54. While the right to appoint and to remove key management personnel in SOEs by the relevant State authorities, as provided for in the Chinese legislation, can be considered to reflect the corresponding ownership rights, CCP cells in enterprises, state owned and private alike, represent another important channel through which the State can interfere with business decisions. According to the PRC’s company law, a CCP organisation is to be established in every company (with at least three CCP members as specified in the CCP Constitution) and the company shall provide the necessary conditions for the activities of the party organisation. In the past, this requirement appears not to have always been followed or strictly enforced. However, since at least 2016 the CCP has reinforced its claims to control business decisions in SOEs as a matter of political principle. The CCP is also reported to exercise pressure on private companies to put ‘patriotism’ first and to follow party discipline. In 2017, it was reported that party cells existed in 70 % of some 1,86 million privately owned companies, with growing pressure for the CCP organisations to have a final say over the business decisions within their respective companies. These rules are of general application throughout the Chinese economy, across all sectors, including to the producers of the product under review and the suppliers of their inputs.

[^ntr8-L_202501724EN.000101-E0008]: Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959 recitals 123-133; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 64-65; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recitals 55-63.

[^ntr9-L_202501724EN.000101-E0009]: Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959 recitals 134-138; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 66-69; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 64.

[^ntr10-L_202501724EN.000101-E0010]: Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959 recitals 139-142; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 71-72; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 65.

[^ntr11-L_202501724EN.000101-E0011]: Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959 recitals 143-152; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 72-81; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 66.

[^ntr12-L_202501724EN.000101-E0012]: Commission Staff Working Document on Significant Distortions in the Economy of the People’s Republic of China for the purposes of Trade Defence Investigations, 10 April 2024, SWD(2024) 91 final, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=SWD(2024)91&lang=en, including the previous version of the document: Commission Staff Working Document on Significant Distortions in the Economy of the People’s Republic of China for the purposes of Trade Defence Investigations, 20 December 2017, SWD(2017) 483 final/2, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=SWD(2017)483&lang=en.

[^ntr13-L_202501724EN.000101-E0013]: See page 19 of the complaint (open version).

[^ntr14-L_202501724EN.000101-E0014]: Commission Regulation (EC) No 145/2005 of 28 January 2005 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of barium carbonate originating in the People's Republic of China (OJ L 27, 29.1.2005, p. 4, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2005/145/oj), recitals 24-29.

[^ntr15-L_202501724EN.000101-E0015]: See page 20 of the complaint (open version).

[^ntr16-L_202501724EN.000101-E0016]: See pages 19-20 of the complaint (open version).

[^ntr17-L_202501724EN.000101-E0017]: See pages 20-21 of the complaint (open version).

[^ntr18-L_202501724EN.000101-E0018]: See pages 21-22 of the complaint (open version).

[^ntr19-L_202501724EN.000101-E0019]: See pages 22-23 of the complaint (open version).

[^ntr20-L_202501724EN.000101-E0020]: See page 23 of the complaint (open version).

[^ntr21-L_202501724EN.000101-E0021]: See pages 23-25 of the complaint (open version).

[^ntr22-L_202501724EN.000101-E0022]: See at: https://www.hota.cn/Home.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr23-L_202501724EN.000101-E0023]: See at: https://www.jingyan.com/intro/1.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr24-L_202501724EN.000101-E0024]: See at: http://lylchem.com/English/about.asp (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr25-L_202501724EN.000101-E0025]: See at: https://www.sinochem.com/sinochem/guwm/qygk/jj/A031002001001Gone1.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr26-L_202501724EN.000101-E0026]: See at: http://www.redstarchem.com/intro/4.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr27-L_202501724EN.000101-E0027]: See Guizhou Redstar Developing Co., Ltd. annual report 2024, p.116, available at: https://file.finance.qq.com/finance/hs/pdf/2025/04/26/1223321234.PDF (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr28-L_202501724EN.000101-E0028]: See at: http://www.redstarchem.com/about.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr29-L_202501724EN.000101-E0029]: See at: http://www.sinochemhx.com/shxschina/ywgl/zycp/A074003001Gone1.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr30-L_202501724EN.000101-E0030]: See at: http://wap.sasac.gov.cn/n2588045/n27271785/n27271792/c14159097/content.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr31-L_202501724EN.000101-E0031]: See at: http://www.hhxj.chemchina.com/s/22260-63719-185778.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr32-L_202501724EN.000101-E0032]: See Art. 33 of the CCP Constitution, Article 19 of the Chinese Company Law. See also the Report, Chapter 3, p. 47-50.

[^ntr33-L_202501724EN.000101-E0033]: See Art. 5 of the Law on Promoting the Private Sector, available at: https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202504/content_7022018.htm (accessed on 13 May 2025).

[^ntr34-L_202501724EN.000101-E0034]: See CPCIF Articles of Association, Article 3, available at: http://www.cpcif.org.cn/detail/40288043661e27fb01661e386a3f0001?e=1 (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr36-L_202501724EN.000101-E0036]: See CPCIF Articles of Association, Article 36, available at: http://www.cpcif.org.cn/detail/40288043661e27fb01661e386a3f0001?e=1 (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr37-L_202501724EN.000101-E0037]: See at: http://www.cpcif.org.cn/list/40288043661dc14701661ddbe0980010 (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr38-L_202501724EN.000101-E0038]: See at: https://www.cisia.org/ (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr39-L_202501724EN.000101-E0039]: See CISIA Articles of Association, Articles 3 and 36, available at: https://www.cisia.org/site/content/62346.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr42-L_202501724EN.000101-E0042]: See at: https://www.cisia.org/site/content/6621.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr43-L_202501724EN.000101-E0043]: See Section III.8.3 of the 14^th FYP and 2035 perspectives, available at: https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-03/13/content_5592681.htm (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr44-L_202501724EN.000101-E0044]: See Art.16, Law on Promoting the Private Sector, available at: https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202504/content_7022018.htm (accessed on 13 May 2025).

[^ntr45-L_202501724EN.000101-E0045]: See at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-04/08/content_5683972.htm#msdynttrid=WRmyf07ph0z74SHmXoOLKjRWl09BdZ4lGdYp9fiI9xU (accessed 12 May 2025).

[^ntr46-L_202501724EN.000101-E0046]: Ibid., Section I.3.

[^ntr47-L_202501724EN.000101-E0047]: Ibid., Section III.4.

[^ntr48-L_202501724EN.000101-E0048]: See p. 87, available at: https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/fzggwl/202312/P020231229700886191069.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr49-L_202501724EN.000101-E0049]: See p. 111, available at: https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/fzggwl/202312/P020231229700886191069.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr50-L_202501724EN.000101-E0050]: See p. 8, available at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-12/29/5665166/files/90c1c79a00b44c67b59c29392476c862.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr51-L_202501724EN.000101-E0051]: See Section II.2.4, available at: https://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20211201/1191133.shtml (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr52-L_202501724EN.000101-E0052]: Ibid, See Section III.1.4.

[^ntr53-L_202501724EN.000101-E0053]: See at: http://lylchem.com/English/index.asp# (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr54-L_202501724EN.000101-E0054]: See Section VI.1, available at: https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fggz/fzzlgh/dffzgh/202105/P020210508614699466849.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr55-L_202501724EN.000101-E0055]: See Section IV.3 https://fgw.guizhou.gov.cn/ztzl/sswgh_5643328/202109/P020220524636540764870.pdf (accessed on 13 May 2025).

[^ntr56-L_202501724EN.000101-E0056]: See at: https://vip.stock.finance.sina.com.cn/corp/view/vCI_CorpManagerInfo.php?stockid=600367&Pcode=30038417&Name=%B8%DF%D4%C2%B7%C9 (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr57-L_202501724EN.000101-E0057]: See at: https://www.hota.cn/djgzinfo/1608303981866827776.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr58-L_202501724EN.000101-E0058]: See at: https://www.hota.cn/Home.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr59-L_202501724EN.000101-E0059]: See at: http://www.tzxgt.cn/news/56.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr60-L_202501724EN.000101-E0060]: See at: https://www.sinochem.com/sinochem/guwm/zlzz/ds/A031002002002Gone1.html, (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr61-L_202501724EN.000101-E0061]: See at: https://www.sinochem.com/sinochem/dzyjj/dj11/A031007001Gone1.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr62-L_202501724EN.000101-E0062]: The Report, Part III, Chapter 16.

[^ntr63-L_202501724EN.000101-E0063]: Ibid., Section 16.3.

[^ntr64-L_202501724EN.000101-E0064]: See Section IV.1.3, available at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-12/29/content_5665166.htm (accessed on 12 May 2025).

[^ntr65-L_202501724EN.000101-E0065]: See at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202307/content_6894869.htm (accessed on 13 May 2025).

[^ntr66-L_202501724EN.000101-E0066]: See at: https://www.tianzhu.gov.cn/zwgk/zdlygk/gyfz/202305/t20230525_79896343.html (accessed on 13 May 2025).

[^ntr68-L_202501724EN.000101-E0068]: See at: http://gz.news.cn/20241119/b6ef61a4240944419d65127fb59b8e4b/c.html (accessed on 13 May 2025).

[^ntr70-L_202501724EN.000101-E0070]: See at: https://www.hb.chinanews.com.cn/news/2022/0105/369027.html (accessed on 13 May 2025).

[^ntr71-L_202501724EN.000101-E0071]: See at: https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202406/19/content_WS6672c84ac6d0868f4e8e8531.html#:~:text=China%20will%20scale%20up%20support,of%20Industry%20and%20Information%20Technology (accessed on 13 May 2025).

[^ntr72-L_202501724EN.000101-E0072]: Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959, recitals 153-157 and Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 82-84; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 67.

[^ntr73-L_202501724EN.000101-E0073]: See Section VIII.16, available at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-04/08/content_5683972.htm#msdynttrid=WRmyf07ph0z74SHmXoOLKjRWl09BdZ4lGdYp9fiI9xU (accessed on 13 May 2025).

[^ntr74-L_202501724EN.000101-E0074]: World Bank Open Data – Upper Middle Income, https://data.worldbank.org/income-level/upper-middle-income.

[^ntr75-L_202501724EN.000101-E0075]: Regulation (EU) 2015/755 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 on common rules for imports from certain third countries (OJ L 123, 19.5.2015, p. 33, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2015/755/oj) as amended by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/749 of 24 February 2017 amending Regulation (EU) 2015/755 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the removal of Kazakhstan from the list of countries in Annex I thereto (OJ L 113, 29.4.2017, p. 11, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2017/749/oj).

[^ntr77-L_202501724EN.000101-E0077]: EMRA | Energy Market Regulatory Authority (epdk.gov.tr)=> Press releases => select Electricity electricity market board decisions.

[^ntr78-L_202501724EN.000101-E0078]: Regulation (EU) 2015/755 on common rules for imports from certain third countries. Article 2(7) of the basic Regulation considers that domestic prices in those countries cannot be used for the purpose of determining normal value.

[^ntr79-L_202501724EN.000101-E0079]: See https://www.imarcgroup.com/barite-pricing-report, last accessed on 6 June 2025.

[^ntr80-L_202501724EN.000101-E0080]: See https://www.imarcgroup.com/barite-pricing-report, last accessed on 6 June 2025.

[^ntr81-L_202501724EN.000101-E0081]: The labour costs are available at http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/.

[^ntr83-L_202501724EN.000101-E0083]: EMRA | Energy Market Regulatory Authority (epdk.gov.tr)=> Press releases => select Electricity electricity market board decisions.

[^ntr84-L_202501724EN.000101-E0084]: https://www.alkim.com.tr/files/file/dosya-Vb5yp4tsYm0EUPq-2024.pdf (last accessed on 22 May 2025) and https://www.sisecam.com/en/s-investor-relations/Documents/Annual%20Reports/SCAM_FRAE_2024_MTB_uyg_23.pdf (last accessed on 22 May 2025).

[^ntr85-L_202501724EN.000101-E0085]: OJ L 250, 28.9.2017, p. 34.

ANNEX

People’s Republic of China’s cooperating exporting producers not sampled:

Country	Name	TARIC additional code
People’s Republic of China	Guizhou Hongtai Barium Industry Co., Ltd	89SG

ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/1724/oj

ISSN 1977-0677 (electronic edition)

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