Legalize / United Kingdom / Public General Act

Income Tax (Trading and Other Income) Act 2005

Type Public General Act

Publication 2005-03-24

Last updated 2026-01-20

State In force

Department Statute Law Database

Source legislation.gov.uk

articles Not indexed

Reform history JSON API

(ii) a wall, floor, ceiling, door, gate, shutter or window or stairs,

(iii) a waste disposal system,

(iv) a sewerage or drainage system, or

(v) a shaft or other structure in which a lift, hoist, escalator or moving walkway may be installed.

(6) An asset is a “depreciating” asset if, on the date the item of a capital nature is incurred, it is reasonable to expect that before the end of 20 years beginning with that date—

(a) the useful life of the asset will end, or

(b) the asset will decline in value by 90% or more.

(7) The useful life of an asset ends when it could no longer be of use to any person for any purpose as an asset of a business.

(8) “Intangible asset” means anything that is capable of being an intangible asset within the meaning of FRS 105 and, in particular, includes—

(a) an internally-generated intangible asset, and

(b) intellectual property.

(9) An intangible asset is “non-qualifying” unless, by virtue of having a fixed maximum duration, it must cease to exist before the end of 20 years beginning with the date on which the item of a capital nature is incurred.

(10) An intangible asset is “non-qualifying” if it consists of a right, whether conditional or not, to obtain an intangible asset without a fixed maximum duration by virtue of which that asset must, assuming the right is exercised at the last possible time, cease to exist before the end of 20 years beginning with the date on which the item of a capital nature is incurred.

(11) Where—

(a) the trader has an intangible asset, and

(b) the trader grants a licence or any other right in respect of that asset to another person,

any intangible asset that consists of a licence or other right granted to the trader in respect of the intangible asset mentioned in paragraph (a) is “non-qualifying”.

(12) A “financial asset” means any right under or in connection with—

(a) a financial instrument, or

(b) an arrangement that is capable of producing a return that is economically equivalent to a return produced under any financial instrument.

(13) A reference to acquisition, provision, alteration or disposal includes potential acquisition, provision, alteration or (as the case may be) disposal.

(14) In this section—

“arrangement” includes any agreement, understanding, scheme, transaction or series of transactions (whether or not legally enforceable);

“building” includes any fixed structure;

“car” has the same meaning as in Part 2 of CAA 2001 (see section 268A of that Act);

“financial instrument” has the same meaning as in FRS 105;

“FRS 105” means Financial Reporting Standard 105 (the Financial Reporting Standard applicable to the Micro-entities Regime), issued by the Financial Reporting Council in July 2015;

“intellectual property” means—any patent, trade mark, registered design, copyright or design right, plant breeders' rights or rights under section 7 of the Plant Varieties Act 1997,any right under the law of a country or territory outside the United Kingdom corresponding or similar to a right within paragraph (a),any information or technique not protected by a right within paragraph (a) or (b) but having industrial, commercial or other economic value, orany licence or other right in respect of anything within paragraph (a), (b) or (c);

“provision” includes creation, construction or acquisition;

“the trader” means the person carrying on the trade.

51A

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Cash basis accounting

56A

(1) The following sections do not apply in calculating the profits of a trade on the cash basis—

sections 60 to 67 (tenants under taxed leases).

(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3) In calculating the profits of a trade on the cash basis, any reference in this Chapter to the incurring of expenses is to be read as a reference to the paying of expenses.

...

57B

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 5A — Trade profits: deductions allowable at a fixed rate

Introduction

94B

The provisions of this Chapter apply to professions and vocations as they apply to trades.

94C

The provisions of this Chapter do not apply in calculating the profits of a trade carried on by a firm for a period if one or more of the persons who have been partners in the firm at any time during the period was not an individual at that time.

Expenditure on vehicles

94D

(1) This section applies if, in calculating the profits of a trade of a person for a period—

(a) a deduction would otherwise be allowable for the period in respect of qualifying expenditure incurred in relation to a relevant vehicle (see subsection (2)), or

(b) a deduction would be so allowable in respect of such expenditure but for the fact it is capital expenditure.

(2) In this section “relevant vehicle” means a car, motor cycle or goods vehicle that—

(a) is used for the purposes of the trade, and

(b) is not an excluded vehicle (see section 94E).

(3) The person may make a deduction under this section for the period in respect of the qualifying expenditure.

(4) If a deduction for a period is made under this section—

(a) no other deduction is allowed (for that or any other period) in respect of the qualifying expenditure, and

(b) this section applies in relation to the relevant vehicle for every subsequent period for which the vehicle is used for the purposes of the trade.

(5) The amount of the deduction is the appropriate mileage amount in relation to the relevant vehicle for the period (see section 94F).

(6) In this section “qualifying expenditure”, in relation to a vehicle, means any expenditure incurred in respect of the acquisition, ownership, hire, leasing or use of the vehicle, other than incidental expenses incurred in connection with a particular journey.

(7) For provision preventing capital allowances from being claimed in respect of qualifying expenditure incurred in relation to a relevant vehicle, see section 38ZA of CAA 2001.

94E

(1) A car, motor cycle or goods vehicle that is used for the purposes of a trade is an “excluded vehicle” for the purposes of section 94D if condition A or B is met in relation to the vehicle.

(2) Condition A is that the person who is or has been carrying on the trade has at any time claimed any capital allowances under Part 2 of CAA 2001 in respect of any expenditure incurred on the provision of the vehicle.

(3) Condition B is that—

(a) the vehicle is a goods vehicle or a motor cycle, and

(b) any of the expenditure incurred on acquiring the vehicle has been deducted in calculating the profits of any relevant trade or business for a period on the cash basis (see sections 24A and 271D).

(4) In this section “any relevant trade or business” means any trade or property business carried on by the person carrying on the trade mentioned in subsection (1).

94F

(1) In calculating the profits of a trade for a period, the appropriate mileage amount in relation to a relevant vehicle for the period is—

$$M × R$where—M is the number of miles of business journeys made by a person (other than as a passenger) using that vehicle in the period, andR is the rate applicable to that kind of vehicle.$

(2) The rates applicable are as follows—

Kind of vehicle	Rate per mile
Car or goods vehicle	45p for the first 10,000 miles
Car or goods vehicle	25p after that
Motor cycle	24p

(3) In a case where the total number of miles of relevant business journeys made in the period is greater than 10,000, the rate of 45p per mile is available only in relation to 10,000 of those miles.

(4) “Relevant business journey” means any business journey made in the period by a car or goods vehicle—

(a) that is used for the purposes of the trade, and

(b) in relation to which section 94D applies for the period.

(5) In this section—

“business journey”, in relation to a vehicle used for the purposes of a trade, means any journey, or any identifiable part or proportion of a journey, that is made wholly and exclusively for the purposes of the trade, and

“relevant vehicle” has the same meaning as in section 94D.

(6) The Treasury may by regulations amend subsection (2) so as to alter the rates or rate bands.

Regulations under this subsection may also make consequential amendments to subsection (3).

94G

(1) This section applies for the purposes of sections 94D to 94F (and this section).

(2) “Car” means a mechanically propelled road vehicle which is not—

(a) a goods vehicle,

(b) a motor cycle,

(d) a vehicle of a type not commonly used as a private vehicle and unsuitable to be so used.

(3) “Goods vehicle” means a mechanically propelled road vehicle which—

(a) is of a construction primarily suited for the conveyance of goods or burden of any description, and

(b) is not a motor cycle.

(4) “Motor cycle” has the meaning given by section 185(1) of the Road Traffic Act 1988.

(5) For the purposes of this section “invalid carriage” has the meaning given by section 185(1) of the Road Traffic Act 1988.

Use of home for business purposes

94H

(1) This section applies if, in calculating the profits of a trade of a person for a period, a deduction (“the standard deduction”) would otherwise be allowable for the period in respect of—

(a) the use of the person's home for the purposes of the trade, or

(b) where the person is a firm, the use of a partner's home for those purposes.

(2) The person may, instead of making the standard deduction, make a deduction for the period under this section.

(3) The amount of the deduction allowable for the period is the sum of the applicable amounts for each month, or part of a month, falling within the period.

(4) The applicable amount for a month, or part of a month, is given by the following Table—

Number of hours worked	Applicable amount
25 or more	£10.00
51 or more	£18.00
101 or more	£26.00

where the “number of hours worked” in a month (or part of a month) is the number of hours spent wholly and exclusively on qualifying work.

(4A) Qualifying work” means—

(a) work done by the person, or any employee of the person, in the person's home wholly and exclusively for the purposes of the trade, or

(b) where the person is a firm, work done by a partner, or any employee of the firm, in the partner's home wholly and exclusively for those purposes.

(4B) Where more than one person does qualifying work in the same home at the same time, any hour spent wholly and exclusively on that work is to be taken into account only once for the purposes of subsection (4).

(5) If the person, or, where the person is a firm, a partner of the firm, has more than one home, this section has effect as if those homes were a single home.

(5A) Where a firm makes a deduction for a period under this section in respect of the use of a partner's home for the purposes of a trade, the only deduction which the firm may make for the period in respect of the use of any other partner's home for those purposes is a deduction under this section.

(6) The Treasury may by regulations amend subsection (4) so as to alter the rates or rate bands.

Premises used both as home and business premises

94I

(1) This section applies if—

(a) a person carries on a trade at any premises,

(b) the premises are used mainly for the purposes of carrying on the trade, but are also used as a home by—

(i) the person carrying on the trade, or

(ii) where that person is a firm, a partner of the firm,

(d) the expenses are incurred mainly (but not wholly and exclusively) for the purposes of the trade, and

(e) in calculating the profits of the trade for a period, a deduction (“the standard deduction”) would otherwise be allowable for the period in respect of a part or proportion of the expenses in accordance with section 34(2).

(2) The person may, instead of making the standard deduction, make a deduction for the period under this section.

(3) The amount of the deduction allowable for the period is the amount of the expenses less the non-business use amount.

(4) The non-business use amount is the sum of the applicable amounts for each month, or part of a month, falling within the period.

(5) The applicable amount for a month, or part of a month, is given by the following Table—

Number of relevant occupants	Applicable amount
1	£350
2	£500
3 or more	£650

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5) “relevant occupant”, in relation to a month (or part of a month), means an individual who, at any time during that month (or that part of a month)—

(a) occupies the premises as a home, or

(b) stays at the premises otherwise than in the course of the trade.

(6A) Where a person makes a deduction for a period under this section in respect of expenses incurred in relation to premises falling within subsection (1)(b), the only deduction which the person may make for the period in respect of expenses incurred in relation to any other premises falling within subsection (1)(b) is a deduction under this section.

(7) The Treasury may by regulations amend subsection (5) so as to alter the rates or rate bands.

Cash basis accounting

95A

(1) For rules about receipts that apply only for the purpose of calculating profits on the cash basis, see the following—

section 97A (cash basis: value of trading stock on cessation of trade),

section 97B (cash basis: value of work in progress on cessation of profession or vocation).

(2) Section 96A makes provision about capital receipts in certain cases where the profits of a trade are calculated on the cash basis or have previously been calculated on the cash basis (and see also section 96B).

96A

(1) This section applies in relation to a trade carried on by a person in two cases—

(a) Case 1 (see subsections (2) to (3A)), and

(b) Case 2 (see subsections (3B) to (3E)).

(2) Case 1 is a case in which conditions A and B are met.

(3) Condition A is that the person receives disposal proceeds or a capital refund in relation to an asset at a time when the cash basis applies in relation to the trade.

For the meaning of “disposal proceeds” and “capital refund” see subsections (3F) and (3G).

(3A) Condition B is that—

(a) an amount of capital expenditure (see subsection (3H)) relating to the asset has been brought into account in calculating the profits of the trade on the cash basis, or

(b) an amount of capital expenditure relating to the asset which—

(i) has been incurred (or treated as incurred) by the person before the tax year for which the person last entered the cash basis, and

(ii) is cash basis deductible in relation to that tax year (see section 96B(4)),

has been brought into account in calculating the profits of the trade for a tax year in which the cash basis did not apply in relation to the trade.

(3B) Case 2 is a case in which—

(a) condition C is met, and

(b) condition D or E is met.

(3C) Condition C is that disposal proceeds or a capital refund arise to the person in relation to an asset at a time—

(a) when the cash basis does not apply in relation to the trade, and

(b) which is after a time when the cash basis did apply in relation to the trade.

(3D) Condition D is that an amount of capital expenditure relating to the asset—

(a) has been paid at a time when the cash basis applied in relation to the trade,

(b) has been brought into account in calculating the profits of the trade on the cash basis, and

(c) on the assumption that the cash basis had not applied at the time the expenditure was paid, would not have been qualifying expenditure.

(3E) Condition E is that an amount of capital expenditure relating to the asset has been brought into account in calculating the profits of the trade for a tax year—

(a) in which the cash basis did not apply in relation to the trade, and

(b) which is before the tax year for which the person last entered the cash basis.

The reference in this subsection to expenditure brought into account does not include a reference to expenditure brought into account under CAA 2001 (see section 96B(5)) except to the extent that it is expenditure in respect of which a capital allowance is made under Part 2A of that Act.

(3F) “Disposal proceeds” means—

(a) any proceeds arising from the disposal of an asset or any part of it,

(b) any proceeds arising from the grant of any right in respect of, or any interest in, the asset, or

See also subsections (4) and (5) for circumstances in which a person is to be regarded as disposing of an asset.

(3G) “Capital refund” means an amount that is (in substance) a refund of capital expenditure relating to an asset.

(3H) “Capital expenditure” means expenditure of a capital nature incurred, or treated as incurred, on or in connection with—

(a) the provision, alteration or disposal of an asset, or

(b) the potential provision, alteration or disposal of an asset.

(3I) The disposal proceeds or capital refund mentioned in condition A or (as the case may be) condition C are to be brought into account as a receipt in calculating the profits of the trade.

(3J) In a case where only part of the total capital expenditure incurred, or treated as incurred, by the person in relation to the asset has been brought into account in calculating the profits of the trade (whether or not on the cash basis), the amount brought into account under subsection (3I) is proportionately reduced.

The reference in this subsection to expenditure brought into account includes a reference to expenditure brought into account under CAA 2001 (see section 96B(5)).

(3K) Subsection (3I) does not apply if the whole of the amount which would otherwise be brought into account under that subsection—

(a) has already been brought into account as a receipt in calculating the profits of the trade under this section,

(b) is brought into account as a receipt in calculating the profits of the trade under any other provision of this Part (except section 240D(3) (assets not fully paid for)), or

(3L) If part of the amount which would otherwise be brought into account under subsection (3I) has already been or is brought into account as mentioned in subsection (3K), subsection (3I) applies in relation to the remainder of that amount.

(4) If—

(a) at any time the person ceases to use the asset or any part of it for the purposes of the trade, but

(b) the person does not dispose of the asset (or that part) at that time,

the person is to be regarded for the purposes of this section as disposing of the asset (or that part) at that time for an amount equal to the market value amount.

(5) If at any time there is a material increase in the person's non-business use of the asset or any part of it, the person is to be regarded for the purposes of this section as disposing of the asset (or that part) at that time for an amount equal to the relevant proportion of the market value amount.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5)—

(a) there is an increase in a person's non-business use of an asset (or part of an asset) if—

(i) the proportion of the person's use of the asset (or that part) that is for the purposes of the trade decreases, and

(ii) the proportion of the person's use of the asset (or that part) that is for other purposes (the “non-business use”) increases;

(b) “the relevant proportion” is the difference between—

(i) the proportion of the person's use of the asset (or part of the asset) that is non-business use, and

(ii) the proportion of the person's use of the asset (or that part) that was non-business use before the increase mentioned in subsection (5).

(7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cash basis: value of stock and work in progress on cessation

97A

(1) This section applies if—

(a) a person permanently ceases to carry on a trade in a tax year, and

(b) the cash basis applies in relation to the trade for the tax year.

(2) The value of any trading stock belonging to the trade at the time of the cessation is brought into account as a receipt in calculating the profits of the trade for the tax year.

(3) The value is to be determined on a basis that is just and reasonable in all the circumstances.

(4) If there is a change in the persons carrying on a trade, subsection (2) does not apply in relation to the trade so long as a person carrying on the trade immediately before the change continues to carry it on after the change.

(5) In this section “trading stock” has the same meaning as in Chapter 12 (see section 174).

(6) This section does not apply to professions or vocations.

97B

(1) This section applies if—

(a) a person permanently ceases to carry on a profession or vocation in a tax year, and

(b) the cash basis applies in relation to the profession or vocation for the tax year.

(2) The value of any work in progress at the time of the cessation is brought into account as a receipt in calculating the profits of the profession or vocation for the tax year.

(3) The value is to be determined on a basis that is just and reasonable in all the circumstances.

(4) If there is a change in the persons carrying on a profession, subsection (2) does not apply in relation to the profession so long as a person carrying on the profession immediately before the change continues to carry it on after the change.

(5) In this section “work in progress” has the same meaning as in Chapter 12 (see section 183).

Chapter 6A — Trade profits: amounts not reflecting commercial transactions

106A

The provisions of this Chapter apply to professions and vocations as they apply to trades.

106B

This Chapter applies in calculating the profits of a person's trade for a period on the cash basis.

106C

(1) This section applies if—

(a) the person does anything in relation to the trade (“the relevant act”),

(b) there is a difference between—

(i) the amount (if any) that, as a result of the relevant act, would (apart from this section) be brought into account in calculating the profits of the trade for the period, and

(ii) the amount (if any) that would have been so brought into account had the relevant act consisted of a transaction between the person and another person dealing with each other at arm's length in the open market (“the arm's length amount”), and

(c) the profits of the trade for the period are less than they would have been if the arm's length amount had been so brought into account.

(2) The amount to be brought into account in calculating the profits of the trade for the period is an amount that is just and reasonable in all the circumstances.

106D

Section 106C does not apply in relation to the relevant act if subsection (4) or (5) of section 96A (capital receipts under, or after leaving, cash basis) applies in relation to that act.

106E

Section 106C does not apply in relation to the relevant act if any of the provisions of Chapter 7 (trade profits: gifts to charities etc) applies in relation to that act.

111A

Nothing in this Chapter applies in calculating the profits of a trade on the cash basis.

130A

Nothing in this Chapter applies in calculating the profits of a trade on the cash basis.

144A

Nothing in this Chapter applies in calculating the profits of a trade on the cash basis.

Application of Chapter

148ZA

Nothing in this Chapter applies in calculating the profits of a trade on the cash basis.

Cash basis accounting

148K

The following sections do not apply in calculating the profits of a trade, profession or vocation on the cash basis—

sections 149 to 154A (dealers in securities etc),

section 157 (relief in respect of mineral royalties),

section 158 (lease premiums etc: reduction of receipts),

section 159 (ministers of religion),

section 161 (mineral exploration and access),

section 162 (payments by persons liable to pool betting duty),

sections 163 and 164 (intermediaries treated as making employment payments),

section 164A (managed service companies),

sections 165 to 168 (waste disposal),

sections 169 to 172ZE (cemeteries and crematoria).

172AA

Nothing in this Chapter applies in calculating the profits of a trade on the cash basis.

188A

Nothing in this Chapter applies in calculating the profits of a trade on the cash basis.

191A

Nothing in this Chapter applies in calculating the profits of a trade on the cash basis.

221A

Nothing in this Chapter applies in calculating the profits of a trade on the cash basis.

225ZAA

Nothing in this Chapter applies in calculating the profits of a trade on the cash basis.

Application of Chapter

225ZH

Nothing in this Chapter applies in calculating the profits of a trade on the cash basis.

Receipts arising from decommissioning

225V

(1) This section applies if—

(a) a person that is or has been carrying on a ring fence trade (“the defaulter”) has defaulted on a liability under—

(i) a relevant agreement, or

(ii) an abandonment programme,

to make a payment towards decommissioning expenditure,

(b) another person that is or has been carrying on a ring fence trade (“the contributing person”) pays an amount (“the relevant contribution”) in or towards meeting the whole or part of the default, and

(2) The amounts within this subsection are—

(a) any payments made (directly or indirectly) to the contributing person by the guarantor under an abandonment guarantee as a result of the defaulter defaulting on the liability,

(b) any reimbursement payments, and

(3) The difference between—

(a) the sum of the amounts within subsection (2), and

(b) the relevant contribution,

(“the relevant difference”) is to be treated as a receipt (in the nature of income) of the contributing person's ring fence trade for the relevant tax year (see subsection (4)).

(4) “The relevant tax year” means the tax year that includes the day on which the Secretary of State certifies that the relevant abandonment programme has been satisfactorily completed (“the certification date”).

This is subject to subsection (5).

(5) If the contributing person's ring fence trade is permanently discontinued before the certification date, “the relevant tax year” is the last tax year in which that trade is carried on.

(6) The relevant difference is to be determined—

(a) in a case where subsection (5) applies, at the end of the tax year in which the certification date falls, and

(b) in any other case, at the end of the relevant tax year.

(7) In a case where subsection (5) applies, any income tax chargeable for the relevant tax year by virtue of this section is due and payable for the tax year in which the certification date falls.

(8) Any additional assessment to income tax required in order to take account of a receipt arising under this section may be made at any time not later than 4 years after the end of the tax year in which the certification date falls.

(9) In this section—

“abandonment programme” means an abandonment programme approved under Part 4 of the Petroleum Act 1998 (including such a programme as revised),

“decommissioning expenditure” has the meaning given by section 330C of CTA 2010,

“reimbursement payment” means any payment made to the contributing person by the defaulter in reimbursing the contributing person in respect of, or otherwise making good to the contributing person, the whole or any part of the relevant contribution,

“the relevant abandonment programme” means the abandonment programme in respect of which the decommissioning expenditure mentioned in subsection (1)(a) was incurred, and

“relevant agreement” has the meaning given by section 104(5)(a) of FA 1991.

227A

(1) This Chapter applies if—

(a) the cash basis does apply in relation to a trade for a tax year but does not apply in relation to the trade for the following tax year.

(b) the cash basis does not apply in relation to a trade for a tax year but does apply in relation to the trade for the following tax year.

(2) But this Chapter does not apply to income which is charged in accordance with section 832.

(3) This section is subject to section 227C (application of Chapter where section 227B applies).

Spreading of adjustment income on leaving cash basis

239A

(1) This section applies if—

(a) the cash basis applies in relation to a trade for a tax year, and

(b) the cash basis does not apply in relation to the trade for the following tax year.

(2) Any adjustment income is spread over 6 tax years as follows.

(3) In each of the 6 tax years beginning with that in which the whole amount of the adjustment income would otherwise be chargeable to tax, an amount equal to one-sixth of the amount of the adjustment income is treated as arising and is charged to tax.

(4) This section is subject to any election under section 239B (election to accelerate charge).

239B

(1) A person who under section 239A is liable to tax for a tax year on an amount of adjustment income may elect for an additional amount to be treated as arising in the tax year.

(2) The election must be made on or before the first anniversary of the normal self-assessment filing date for the tax year.

(3) The election must specify the amount to be treated as income arising in the tax year (which may be any amount of the adjustment income not previously charged to tax).

(4) If an election is made, section 239A applies in relation to any subsequent tax year as if the amount of adjustment income (as reduced by any previous application of this section) were reduced by the amount given by the following formula—

$$A × 6 T$where—A is the additional amount treated as arising in the tax year for which the election is made, andT is the number of tax years remaining after that tax year in the period of 6 tax years referred to in section 239A.$

Chapter 17A — Cash basis: adjustments for capital allowances

Introduction

240A

The provisions of this Chapter apply to professions and vocations as they apply to trades.

Adjustments on entering cash basis

240B

For the purposes of this Chapter a person carrying on a trade enters the cash basis for a tax year if—

(a) the cash basis applies in relation to the trade for the tax year, and

(b) immediately before the beginning of ... the tax year, the cash basis does not apply in relation to the trade.

240C

(1) This section applies if—

(a) a person carrying on a trade enters the cash basis for a tax year (“the current tax year”), and

(b) at the end of ... the previous tax year, the person has unrelieved qualifying expenditure relating to the trade to carry forward from the chargeable period ending in that tax year.

(2) But this section does not apply if section 240D (assets not fully paid for) applies.

(3) In calculating the profits of the trade for the current tax year, a deduction is allowed for any cash basis deductible amount of the expenditure.

(4) A “cash basis deductible amount” of the expenditure means any amount of the expenditure for which a deduction would be allowed in calculating the profits of the trade on the cash basis on the assumption that the expenditure was paid in the current tax year.

(5) Any cash basis deductible amount of the expenditure is to be determined on such basis as is just and reasonable in all the circumstances.

(5A) For the purposes of subsection (1)(b), in determining the unrelieved qualifying expenditure the person has to carry forward, disregard sections 59(4), 461A(1) and 475A(1) of CAA 2001 (which provide that an amount is not to be carried forward as unrelieved qualifying expenditure when a person enters the cash basis).

(6) In this section “unrelieved qualifying expenditure” means unrelieved qualifying expenditure for the purposes of—

(a) Part 2 of CAA 2001 (see section 59(1) and (2) of that Act),

(b) Part 7 of that Act (see section 461 of that Act), or

240D

(1) This section applies if—

(a) a person carrying on a trade enters the cash basis for a tax year,

(b) at any time before the beginning of ... that tax year the person has incurred relevant expenditure, and

(1A) “Relevant expenditure” means expenditure—

(a) for which a deduction would be allowed in calculating the profits of the trade on the cash basis on the assumption that the expenditure was paid in the tax year, and

(b) in respect of which the person has obtained capital allowances under Part 2, 5, 6, 7 or 8 of CAA 2001.

(2) If the amount of the relevant expenditure that the person has actually paid exceeds the amount of capital allowances given in respect of the relevant expenditure, the difference is to be deducted in calculating the profits of the trade for the tax year.

(3) If the amount of the relevant expenditure that the person has actually paid is less than the amount of capital allowances given in respect of the relevant expenditure, the difference is to be treated as a receipt in calculating the profits of the trade for the tax year.

(4) Any question as to whether or to what extent expenditure is relevant expenditure, or as to whether or to what extent any capital allowance obtained is in respect of relevant expenditure, is to be determined on such basis as is just and reasonable in all the circumstances.

(5) If the amount of capital allowances given under Part 2 of CAA 2001 in respect of the relevant expenditure has been reduced under section 205 or 207 of CAA 2001 (reduction where asset provided or used only partly for qualifying activity), the amount of the relevant expenditure that the person has actually paid is to be proportionately reduced for the purposes of this section.

(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Successions where predecessor and successor are connected persons

240E

(1) This section applies if—

(a) a person carrying on a trade enters the cash basis for a tax year,

(b) the person is the successor for the purposes of section 266 of CAA 2001, and

(c) as a result of an election under section 267 of that Act, relevant plant or machinery is treated as sold by the predecessor to the successor at any time during ... the tax year.

(2) The provisions of this Chapter have effect in relation to the successor as if everything done to or by the predecessor had been done to or by the successor.

(3) Any expenditure actually incurred by the successor on acquiring the relevant plant or machinery is to be ignored for the purposes of calculating the profits of the trade for the tax year.

(4) In this section “the predecessor” and “relevant plant or machinery” have the same meaning as in section 267 of CAA 2001.

368A

(1) This section concerns provisions of this Part that are expressed to apply if an individual is “temporarily non-resident” (“TNR provisions”).

(2) Part 4 of Schedule 45 to FA 2013 (statutory residence test: anti-avoidance) explains for the purposes of TNR provisions—

(a) when an individual is to be regarded as “temporarily non-resident”, and

(b) what the following terms mean—

(i) “the temporary period of non-residence”,

(ii) “the year of departure”, and

(iii) “the period of return”.

(3) A reference in TNR provisions to “the year of return” is to the tax year consisting of or including the period of return.

(4) Nothing in any double taxation relief arrangements is to be read as preventing the individual from being chargeable to income tax by virtue of any TNR provisions (or as preventing a charge to that tax from arising as a result).

(5) In this section and in TNR provisions, “double taxation relief arrangements” means arrangements that have effect under section 2(1) of TIOPA 2010.

370A

(1) This section applies to the payment of an amount of interest in the form of—

(a) goods or services, or

(b) a voucher.

(2) Where this section applies by virtue of subsection (1)(a), the amount of the payment is to be taken to be equal to the market value, at the time the payment is made, of the goods or services.

(3) Where this section applies by virtue of subsection (1)(b), the amount of the payment is to be taken to be equal to whichever is the higher of—

(a) the face value of the voucher,

(b) the amount of money for which the voucher is capable of being exchanged, or

(c) the market value, at the time the payment is made, of any goods or services for which the voucher is capable of being exchanged.

(4) In this section references to a voucher are to a voucher, stamp or similar document or token which is capable of being exchanged for money, goods or services.

Chapter 2A — Disguised interest

381A

(1) This Chapter applies where a person is party to an arrangement which produces for the person a return in relation to any amount which is economically equivalent to interest.

(2) Income tax is charged on the return if the return is not charged to income tax under or as a result of any other provision of this Act or any other Act.

(3) Subsection (2) does not apply to a return that would be charged to income tax under or as a result of another provision but for an exemption.

(4) For the purposes of this Chapter a return produced for a person by an arrangement in relation to any amount is “economically equivalent to interest” if (and only if)—

(a) it is reasonable to assume that it is a return by reference to the time value of that amount of money,

(b) it is at a rate reasonably comparable to what is (in all the circumstances) a commercial rate of interest, and

(c) at the relevant time there is no practical likelihood that it will cease to be produced in accordance with the arrangement unless the person by whom it falls to be produced is prevented (by reason of insolvency or otherwise) from producing it.

(5) In subsection (4)(c) “the relevant time” means the time when the person becomes party to the arrangement or, if later, when the arrangement begins to produce a return for the person.

(6) In this Chapter “arrangement” includes any agreement, understanding, scheme, transaction or series of transactions (whether or not legally enforceable).

381B

Tax is charged under this Chapter on the full amount of the return, or any part of the return, arising in the tax year.

381C

The person liable for any tax charged under this Chapter is the person receiving or entitled to the return or the part of the return.

381D

(1) This section applies if at any time a tax other than income tax (“the other tax”) is charged in relation to a return on which income tax is charged under this Chapter.

(2) In order to avoid a double charge to tax in respect of the return, a person may make a claim for one or more consequential adjustments to be made in respect of the other tax.

(3) On a claim under this section an officer of Revenue and Customs must make such of the consequential adjustments claimed (if any) as are just and reasonable.

(4) Consequential adjustments may be made—

(a) in respect of any period,

(b) by way of an assessment, the modification of an assessment, the amendment of a claim, or otherwise, and

381E

(1) This Chapter does not apply in relation to an arrangement that produces a return for a person, in relation to an amount, which is economically equivalent to interest where—

(a) the arrangement involves only excluded shares, and

(b) no relevant arrangement has been made (by any person) in relation to those excluded shares.

(2) For the purposes of this section shares are excluded shares if they are admitted to trading on a regulated market and—

(a) they were issued before 6 April 2013, or

(b) if issued on or after that date, at the time of issue no arrangements involving only the shares would produce a return, in relation to an amount, which is economically equivalent to interest.

(3) In subsection (2) “regulated market” means—

(a) a UK regulated market within the meaning given by Article 2.1(13A) of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments,

(b) an EU regulated market within the meaning given by Article 2.1(13B) of that Regulation, and

(4) For the purposes of this section an arrangement is relevant, in relation to excluded shares, where—

(a) the arrangement is made on or after 6 April 2013, and

(b) it is reasonable to assume that the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, of the arrangement is to secure that arrangements involving only the shares produce a return, in relation to an amount, which is economically equivalent to interest.

Anti-avoidance

401C

(1) This section applies if—

(a) an individual is temporarily non-resident,

(b) a relevant distribution is made or treated as made to the individual in the temporary period of non-residence,

(c) the tax year in which it is made or treated as made (“the distribution year”) is a tax year for which the individual is UK resident, and

(d) the amount of income tax charged on the distribution under this Chapter is less than it would have been if the existence of double taxation relief arrangements were disregarded.

(2) Subsections (3) and (4) have effect in cases where the distribution year is not the year of return.

(3) The total income (see Step 1 of the calculation in section 23 of ITA 2007) on which the individual is charged to income tax for the year of return is to be increased by an amount equal to the amount on which tax would be charged under this Chapter in respect of the distribution disregarding any double taxation relief arrangements.

(4) But the notional UK tax on that distribution is to be allowed as a credit against the individual's liability to income tax for the year of return under Step 6 of the calculation in section 23.

(5) If the distribution year is the year of return, the tax charged under this Chapter in respect of the relevant distribution is to be charged and assessed without regard to the existence of double taxation relief arrangements.

(6) For the purposes of this section, a dividend or other distribution is a “relevant distribution” if—

(a) it is a dividend or other distribution of a close company, and

(b) it is made or treated as made to the individual because the individual was at a relevant time—

(i) a material participator in the company, or

(ii) an associate of a material participator in the company.

(7) But a dividend or other distribution within subsection (6) in the form of a cash dividend is not a “relevant distribution” to the extent that the dividend is paid in respect of post-departure trade profits.

(8) “Post-departure trade profits” are—

(a) trade profits of the close company arising in an accounting period that begins after the start of the temporary period of non-residence, and

(b) so much of any trade profits of the close company arising in an accounting period that straddles the start of that temporary period as is attributable (on a just and reasonable basis) to a time after the start of that temporary period.

(9) The extent to which a dividend is paid in respect of post-departure trade profits is to be determined on a just and reasonable basis.

(10) The “notional UK tax” on the relevant distribution is so much of the income tax paid by the individual for the distribution year as is attributable on a just and reasonable basis to the relevant distribution.

(11) If section 393 applies, references in this section to a distribution being made to the individual are to a cash dividend being paid over to the individual.

(12) In this section—

“associate” and “participator” have the same meanings as in Part 10 of CTA 2010 (see sections 448 and 454);

“material participator” means a participator who has a material interest in the company, as defined in section 457 of that Act;

“relevant time” means—any time in the year of departure or, if the year of departure is a split year as respects the individual, the UK part of that year, orany time in one or more of the 3 tax years preceding that year;

“trade profits of the close company” means the profits of any trade carried on by the close company, as calculated in accordance with Part 3 of CTA 2009 (trading income).

Anti-avoidance

408A

(1) This section applies if an individual is temporarily non-resident.

(2) Dividends within subsection (3) are to be treated for the purposes of this Chapter as if they were received by the individual, or as if the individual became entitled to them, in the period of return.

(3) A dividend is within this subsection if—

(a) the individual receives or becomes entitled to it in the temporary period of non-residence,

(b) it is a dividend of a company that would be a close company if the company were UK resident,

(i) a material participator in the company, or

(ii) an associate of a material participator in the company, and

(d) ignoring this section, the individual—

(i) is not liable for tax under this Chapter in respect of the dividend, but

(ii) would have been so liable if the individual had received the dividend, or become entitled to it, in the period of return.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3)—

(a) “associate” and “participator” have the same meanings as in Part 10 of CTA 2010 (see sections 448 and 454),

(b) a “material participator” is a participator who has a material interest in the company, as defined in section 457 of that Act,

(i) any time in the year of departure or, if the year of departure is a split year as respects the individual, the UK part of that year, or

(ii) any time in one or more of the 3 tax years preceding that year, and

(d) paragraph (d)(i) includes a case where the individual could be relieved of liability on the making of a claim under section 6 of TIOPA 2010 (double taxation relief), even if no claim is in fact made.

(5) If section 809B, 809D or 809E of ITA 2007 (remittance basis) applies to the individual for the year of return, any dividend within subsection (3) that was remitted to the United Kingdom in the temporary period of non-residence is to be treated as remitted to the United Kingdom in the period of return.

(6) This section does not apply to a dividend within subsection (3) to the extent that it is paid in respect of post-departure trade profits.

(7) “Post-departure trade profits” are—

(a) trade profits of the company arising in an accounting period that begins after the start of the temporary period of non-residence, and

(b) so much of any trade profits of the company arising in an accounting period that straddles the start of that temporary period as is attributable (on a just and reasonable basis) to a time after the start of that temporary period.

(8) The extent to which a dividend is paid in respect of post-departure trade profits is to be determined on a just and reasonable basis.

(9) If section 406 or 407 applies, references in this section to a dividend being received by the individual are to a cash dividend being paid over to the individual or (as the case may be) a dividend being treated as paid to the individual.

(10) In this section—

“remitted to the United Kingdom” has the meaning given in Chapter A1 of Part 14 of ITA 2007;

“trade profits of the company” means the profits of any trade carried on by the company, as they would be calculated in accordance with Part 3 of CTA 2009 (trading income) if the company were UK resident.

413A

(1) This section applies if—

(a) an individual is temporarily non-resident,

(b) relevant stock dividend income is treated under this Chapter as arising to the individual in the temporary period of non-residence,

(c) the tax year in which it is treated as arising (“the arising year”) is a tax year for which the individual is UK resident, and

(d) the amount of income tax charged on the relevant stock dividend income under this Chapter is less than it would have been if the existence of double taxation relief arrangements were disregarded.

(2) Subsections (3) and (4) have effect in cases where the arising year is not the year of return.

(3) The total income (see Step 1 of the calculation in section 23 of ITA 2007) on which the individual is charged to income tax for the year of return is to be increased by an amount equal to the amount on which tax would be charged under this Chapter in respect of the relevant stock dividend income disregarding any double taxation relief arrangements.

(4) But the notional UK tax on that relevant stock dividend income is to be allowed as a credit against the individual's liability to income tax for the year of return under Step 6 of the calculation in section 23.

(5) If the arising year is the year of return, the tax charged under this Chapter in respect of the relevant stock dividend income is to be charged and assessed without regard to the existence of double taxation relief arrangements.

(6) Stock dividend income is “relevant stock dividend income” if—

(a) the UK resident company that issues the share capital or bonus share capital is a close company, and

(b) the individual is beneficially entitled to that share capital or bonus share capital by virtue of being at a relevant time—

(i) a material participator in the company, or

(ii) an associate of a material participator in the company.

(7) But stock dividend income within subsection (6) is not “relevant stock dividend income” to the extent that the share capital or bonus share capital is issued in respect of post-departure trade profits.

(8) “Post-departure trade profits” are—

(a) trade profits of the close company arising in an accounting period that begins after the start of the temporary period of non-residence, and

(b) so much of any trade profits of the close company arising in an accounting period that straddles the start of that temporary period as is attributable (on a just and reasonable basis) to a time after the start of that temporary period.

(9) The extent to which share capital or bonus share capital is issued in respect of post-departure trade profits is to be determined on a just and reasonable basis.

(10) The “notional UK tax” on the relevant stock dividend income is so much of the income tax paid by the individual for the arising year as is attributable on a just and reasonable basis to that income.

(11) In this section—

“associate” and “participator” have the same meanings as in Part 10 of CTA 2010 (see sections 448 and 454);

“material participator” means a participator who has a material interest in the company, as defined in section 457 of that Act;

“relevant time” means—any time in the year of departure or, if the year of departure is a split year as respects the individual, the UK part of that year, orany time in one or more of the 3 tax years preceding that year;

“trade profits of the close company” means the profits of any trade carried on by the close company, as calculated in accordance with Part 3 of CTA 2009 (trading income).

420A

(1) This section applies if an individual is temporarily non-resident.

(2) Debts within subsection (3) are to be treated for the purposes of this Chapter as if they had been released or written off in the period of return.

(3) A debt is within this subsection if—

(a) it is the debt, or a part of the debt, in respect of a loan or advance made by a company to the individual,

(b) it is released or written off in the temporary period of non-residence, and

(i) is not liable for tax under this Chapter in respect of the release or write-off, but

(ii) would have been so liable, had the release or write-off taken place in the period of return.

(4) Subsection (3)(c)(i) includes a case where the individual could be relieved of liability on the making of a claim under section 6 of TIOPA 2010 (double taxation relief), even if no claim is in fact made.

463A

(1) This section applies for the purpose of determining if an individual is liable for tax charged under this Chapter.

(2) In relation to an event occurring on or after 6 April 2013, section 485 (disregard of certain events in relation to qualifying policies) does not apply in relation to a policy (“policy X”) which is a restricted relief qualifying policy (see paragraph A2 of Schedule 15 to ICTA).

(3) If an individual is liable for tax charged under this Chapter as a result of subsection (2), the gain on which the tax is charged in the case of the individual is reduced by the following amount—

$$G × TAP TP$where—G is the amount of the gain (apart from this subsection), TAP is the total amount of premiums payable under policy X during the policy X period so far as they are allowable premiums as determined in accordance with section 463B, andTP is the total amount of premiums payable under policy X during the policy X period.$

(4) If section 528 also applies in the case of the individual in relation to the gain, subsection (3) is to be applied to the gain before section 528 and, accordingly, the reduction to be made under section 528 is to be determined by reference to the gain as reduced by subsection (3).

(5) The following subsections apply for the purposes of this section (except subsection (2)) and section 463B.

(6) “The policy X period” means the period for which policy X has run before the chargeable event occurs.

(7) Subsections (8) and (9) apply if policy X is a new policy in relation to another policy.

(8) For the purposes of subsection (6) policy X is to be taken to have run—

(a) from the issue of the other policy, or

(b) if the other policy was also a new policy in relation to an earlier policy, from the issue of the earlier policy,

and so on.

(9) References to premiums payable under policy X are to be read as including references to premiums payable under any earlier policy taken into account under subsection (8).

(10) The following are to be left out of account in determining the premiums payable under a policy—

(a) so much of a premium as is charged on the grounds that an exceptional risk of death or disability is involved;

(b) subject to subsection (11), so much of the first premium payable the liability for the payment of which—

(i) is discharged in accordance with paragraph 15(2) of Schedule 15 to ICTA, or

(ii) in the case of a policy in relation to which paragraph 3 of that Schedule applies, is discharged under a provision of the policy falling within paragraph 3(4)(c) of that Schedule.

(11) The maximum amount that may be left out of account under subsection (10)(b) in the case of a policy is—

$$£ 3,600 × N$where N is the number of complete years for which ran—the other policy involved, orif there is more than one other policy involved, the policy which ran for the most number of complete years.$

(12) In determining the premiums payable under a policy any provision for the waiver of premiums by reason of a person's disability is to be ignored.

(13) “New policy” has the meaning given in paragraph 17 of Schedule 15 to ICTA.

463B

(1) This section sets out how to determine the extent to which premiums payable under policy X during the policy X period are allowable premiums for the purposes of section 463A(3).

(2) A premium payable under policy X is allowable if it is payable before the restricted relief date.

(3) In this section “the restricted relief date” means—

(a) 6 April 2013, or

(b) if later, the date on which policy X became a restricted relief qualifying policy.

(4) Premiums payable under policy X in a relevant premium period are allowable so far as they do not exceed in total the premium limit for the period.

(5) In subsection (4) “relevant premium period” means—

(a) any period of one year which—

(i) begins with a relevant date, and

(ii) ends in the policy X period, and

(b) if it is not covered by paragraph (a), the period which—

(i) begins with the last relevant date to fall within the policy X period, and

(ii) ends at the end of the policy X period.

(6) In subsection (5) “relevant date” means—

(a) the restricted relief date, or

(b) any anniversary of the restricted relief date.

(7) For the purposes of subsection (4) “the premium limit” for a relevant premium period is determined in accordance with subsections (8) to (10).

(8) Determine the premiums payable in the relevant premium period under policies related to policy X.

(9) If the total of those premiums is £3,600 or more, the premium limit is nil (and, accordingly, no premiums payable under policy X in the relevant premium period are allowable).

(10) If the total of those premiums is less than £3,600, the premium limit is the difference between that total and £3,600.

(11) Subsection (4) does not apply if, at the time policy X became a restricted relief qualifying policy, any policy related to policy X was itself a restricted relief qualifying policy.

(12) For the purposes of this section a policy is “related” to policy X if it met the following requirements at the time policy X became a restricted relief qualifying policy—

(a) the policy is a qualifying policy under which the individual is a beneficiary (as determined in accordance with paragraph A5 of Schedule 15 to ICTA);

(b) the policy is neither a protected policy nor a pure protection policy.

(13) In subsection (12)(b)—

“protected policy” is to be read in accordance with paragraph A4 of Schedule 15 to ICTA, and

“pure protection policy” has the meaning given by paragraph A6(1)(c) of that Schedule.

(14) A policy which is a new policy in relation to a policy “related” to policy X (whether by virtue of subsection (12) or this subsection) is also “related” to policy X if it meets the requirements of subsection (12)(a) and (b) when issued.

(15) A policy ceases to be “related” to policy X if it ceases to meet those requirements.

(16) If policy X is a restricted relief qualifying policy as provided for by paragraph A2(14) of Schedule 15 to ICTA, references in this section to policy X becoming a restricted relief qualifying policy are to be read as references to the policy determined under subsection (17) becoming a restricted relief qualifying policy.

(17) The policy is—

(a) the policy (“policy Y”) in relation to which policy X was the new policy, or

(b) if policy Y was also a restricted relief qualifying policy as provided for by paragraph A2(14) of Schedule 15 to ICTA, the policy in relation to which policy Y was the new policy,

and so on.

(18) The following subsections apply for the purposes of this section if—

(a) a premium (“premium A”) is payable under policy X on a day (“day A”) which is on or after 21 March 2012 but before 6 April 2013, and

(b) the next premium payable under policy X is payable on a day (“day B”) which is—

(i) on or after 6 April 2013, and

(ii) more than one month after day A.

(19) Premium A is to be treated as if, instead of being one premium payable on day A, it were a series of premiums payable at monthly intervals with the first premium in the series payable on day A.

(20) The number of premiums in the series is equal to the number of complete months falling within the period beginning with day A and ending with day B.

(21) The amount of each premium in the series is the amount of premium A divided by the number of premiums in the series.

463C

(1) This section applies for the purpose of determining if personal representatives are liable for tax charged under this Chapter as provided for by section 466.

(2) This section also applies for the purpose of determining if trustees are liable for tax charged under this Chapter as provided for by section 467 where—

(a) condition B in that section is met, and

(b) the person who created the trusts has died.

(3) In relation to an event occurring on or after 6 April 2013, section 485 (disregard of certain events in relation to qualifying policies) does not apply in relation to a policy if the policy is a restricted relief qualifying policy (see paragraph A2 of Schedule 15 to ICTA).

(4) If any personal representatives or trustees are liable for tax charged under this Chapter as a result of subsection (3), section 463A(3) is to apply in the case of the personal representatives or the trustees—

(a) as if the reference to the individual were to the personal representatives or to the trustees, and

(b) as if the restricted relief qualifying policy were policy X.

(5) For this purpose—

(a) in section 463B(12)(a) the reference to the individual is to be read as a reference to the deceased, and

(b) a policy—

(i) which would otherwise have ceased to be “related” to policy X for the purposes of section 463B on the deceased's death, but

(ii) which continues to run after the deceased's death,

is to be treated as “related” to policy X after the deceased's death.

(6) A policy which is a new policy (as defined in paragraph 17 of Schedule 15 to ICTA) in relation to a policy treated as “related” to policy X under subsection (5)(b) or this subsection is also to be treated as “related” to policy X if, apart from the deceased's death, it would meet the requirements of section 463B(12)(a) and (b) on its issue.

(7) A policy treated as “related” to policy X under subsection (5)(b) or (6) ceases to be so treated if, apart from the deceased's death, it would cease to meet the requirements of section 463B(12)(a) and (b).

(8) If section 528A also applies in the case of the personal representatives or the trustees in relation to the gain, section 463A(3) is to be applied to the gain before section 528A and, accordingly, the reduction to be made under section 528A is to be determined by reference to the gain as reduced by section 463A(3).

463D

(1) This section applies if—

(a) paragraph A1 of Schedule 15 to ICTA applies in relation to a policy by virtue of paragraph A1(8) in consequence of an event relating to the policy (“the relevant event”),

(b) after the relevant event, the policy is not a qualifying policy by virtue of paragraph A1(2), and

(i) an individual is liable for tax charged under this Chapter on a gain from the policy, and

(ii) but for the application of paragraph A1 in relation to the policy, section 463A(3) would have applied in the case of the individual so as to reduce the gain.

(2) Section 463A(3) is to apply in the case of the individual in relation to the gain as if the policy were policy X.

(3) But, for this purpose, section 463B(5) has effect as if the references to the policy X period were to the part of that period falling before the relevant event.

(4) If section 528 also applies in the case of the individual in relation to the gain, section 463A(3) is to be applied to the gain before section 528 and, accordingly, the reduction to be made under section 528 is to be determined by reference to the gain as reduced by section 463A(3).

463E

(1) This section applies if—

(a) a policy (“policy Z”) is issued,

(b) the issue of policy Z is an event falling within paragraph A2(3) of Schedule 15 to ICTA by virtue of paragraph (e),

(d) policy Z is varied on or after 6 April 2013 and the variation is an event falling within paragraph A1(3) of Schedule 15,

(e) after the variation, policy Z is not a qualifying policy by virtue of paragraph A1(2) of that Schedule,

(f) in relation to an event occurring after the variation, an individual is liable for tax charged under this Chapter on a gain from policy Z, and

(g) but for the application of paragraph A1 of Schedule 15 in relation to policy Z, the individual would not have been liable because of section 485.

(2) The gain on which the tax is charged in the case of the individual is reduced by the following amount—

$$G × TPV TP$where—G is the amount of the gain (apart from this subsection),TPV is the total amount of premiums payable under policy Z before the variation, andTP is the total amount of premiums payable under policy Z before the chargeable event.$

(3) If section 528 also applies in the case of the individual in relation to the gain, subsection (2) is to be applied to the gain before section 528 and, accordingly, the reduction to be made under section 528 is to be determined by reference to the gain as reduced by subsection (2).

(4) Section 463A(10) to (12) applies for the purposes of subsection (2).

465B

(1) This section applies if an individual is temporarily non-resident.

(2) The individual is liable for tax under this Chapter for the year of return in respect of any gain that meets the conditions in subsection (3).

(3) The conditions are—

(a) the gain arose in the temporary period of non-residence,

(b) it arose from a policy issued in respect of an insurance made, or from a contract made, before the start of that period,

(c) the chargeable event giving rise to it was neither a death nor a chargeable event treated as occurring under section 525(2),

(d) no-one is liable under section 466 or 467 in respect of the gain,

(e) no-one is liable by virtue of section 468 for either the year of return or an earlier tax year as a result of the gain, and

(f) the individual would have been liable under section 465 in respect of the gain, applying the assumptions in subsection (4).

(4) The assumptions are—

(a) the individual was UK resident for the tax year in which the gain arose, and

(b) that tax year was not a split year as respects the individual.

(5) If the individual is liable by virtue of subsection (2) in respect of a gain—

(a) the amount of the gain in respect of which he or she is liable is the amount on which tax would have been charged under this Chapter applying the assumptions in subsection (4), but

(b) in determining that amount, section 528 must be applied ignoring those assumptions.

(6) That amount is treated as income of the individual for the year of return.

(7) If the gain arises from a policy or contract treated under section 473A as a single policy or contract, the date, for the purposes of subsection (3)(b), on which the insurance or contract is made is the date on which the first insurance is made in respect of which the connected policies were issued or, as the case may be, the date on which the first of the connected contracts is made.

(8) This section does not apply to a gain if—

(a) in relation to the policy or contract from which the gain arises, a terminal event occurs in the temporary period of non-residence or in the period of return,

(b) the chargeable event giving rise to the gain occurred before that terminal event,

(c) the chargeable event giving rise to the gain is one that is treated as occurring under section 509(1) as a result of the application of section 498(1)(a),

(d) section 498(1)(a) applies other than by virtue of section 500, and

(e) a person (whether or not the individual) is liable for tax under this Chapter (including by virtue of this section) in respect of any gain resulting from the terminal event.

(9) Nothing in any double taxation relief arrangements is to be read as preventing the individual from being liable for tax under this Chapter in respect of any gain in respect of which the individual is liable for tax by virtue of subsection (2) (or as preventing a charge to tax on that gain from arising under this Chapter).

(10) Part 4 of Schedule 45 to FA 2013 (statutory residence test: anti-avoidance) explains—

(a) when an individual is to be regarded as “temporarily non-resident”, and

(b) what “the temporary period of non-residence” and “the period of return” mean.

(11) In this section—

terminal event” means an event mentioned in section 499(3); “year of return” means the tax year that consists of or includes the period of return.

689A

(1) This section applies if an individual is temporarily non-resident.

(2) Distributions within subsection (3) are to be treated for the purposes of this Chapter as if they had been received by the individual, or as if the individual had become entitled to them, in the period of return.

(3) A distribution is within this subsection if—

(a) the individual receives or becomes entitled to it in the temporary period of non-residence,

(b) it is a distribution of a company that is a close company or that would be a close company if the company were UK resident,

(i) a material participator in the company, or

(ii) an associate of a material participator in the company, and

(d) ignoring this section, the individual—

(i) is not liable for tax under this Chapter in respect of the distribution, but

(ii) would have been so liable if the individual had received the distribution, or become entitled to it, in the period of return.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3)—

(a) “associate” and “participator” have the same meanings as in Part 10 of CTA 2010 (see sections 448 and 454),

(b) a “material participator” is a participator who has a material interest in the company, as defined in section 457 of that Act,

(i) any time in the year of departure or, if the year of departure is a split year as respects the individual, the UK part of that year, or

(ii) any time in one or more of the 3 tax years preceding that year, and

(d) paragraph (d)(i) includes a case where the individual could be relieved of liability on the making of a claim under section 6 of TIOPA 2010 (double taxation relief), even if no claim is in fact made.

(5) If section 809B, 809D or 809E of ITA 2007 (remittance basis) applies to the individual for the year of return, any distribution within subsection (3) that is relevant foreign income and is remitted to the United Kingdom in the temporary period of non-residence is to be treated as remitted to the United Kingdom in the period of return.

(6) In this section, “remitted to the United Kingdom” has the meaning given in Chapter A1 of Part 14 of ITA 2007.

Sums paid for Crown use etc. treated as paid under licence

Exceptions for certain types of income

Section 628A: tainting

Basic amount of estate income: absolute interests

Income paid to relevant children of settlor

Successive interests: payments in respect of limited interests followed by absolute interests

Capital sums paid to settlor by trustees of settlement

Exception for outright gifts between spouses or civil partners

Capital sums paid by way of loan or repayment of loan

National Savings Bank ordinary account interest

Exception for certain loans or repayments of loans

Withdrawal and variation of certifications and connected requirements

Identification of shares after reorganisations etc.

Meaning of “available protected income” in section 643A

Exemption of profits from FOTRA securities

Purchase by company of exempt employee shareholder shares

385A

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

850C

(1) Subsections (4) and (5) apply if—

(a) for a period of account (“the relevant period of account”)—

(i) the calculation under section 849 in relation to an individual partner (“A”) (see subsection (6)) produces a profit for the firm, and

(ii) A's share of that profit determined under section 850 or 850A (“A's profit share”) is a profit or is neither a profit nor a loss,

(b) a non-individual partner (“B”) (see subsection (6)) has a share of the profit for the firm mentioned in paragraph (a)(i) (“B's profit share”) which is a profit (see subsection (7)), and

(2) Condition X is that it is reasonable to suppose that—

(a) amounts representing A's deferred profit (see subsection (8)) are included in B's profit share, and

(b) in consequence, both A's profit share and the relevant tax amount (see subsection (9)) are lower than they would otherwise have been.

(3) Condition Y is that—

(a) B's profit share exceeds the appropriate notional profit (see subsections (10) to (17)),

(b) A has the power to enjoy B's profit share (“A's power to enjoy”) (see subsections (18) to (21)), and

(i) the whole or any part of B's profit share is attributable to A's power to enjoy, and

(ii) both A's profit share and the relevant tax amount (see subsection (9)) are lower than they would have been in the absence of A's power to enjoy.

(4) A's profit share is increased by so much of the amount of B's profit share as, it is reasonable to suppose, is attributable to—

(a) A's deferred profit, or

(b) A's power to enjoy,

as determined on a just and reasonable basis.

But any increase by virtue of paragraph (b) is not to exceed the amount of the excess mentioned in subsection (3)(a) after deducting from that amount any increase by virtue of paragraph (a).

(5) If B is chargeable to income tax, in applying sections 850 to 850B in relation to B for the relevant period of account, such adjustments are to be made as are just and reasonable to take account of the increase in A's profit share under subsection (4).

(This subsection does not apply for the purposes of subsection (7) or section 850D(7).)

(6) A partner in a firm is an “individual partner” if the partner is an individual and “non-individual partner” is to be read accordingly; but “non-individual partner” does not include the firm itself where it is treated as a partner under section 863I (allocation of profit to AIFM firm).

(7) B's profit share is to be determined by applying section 850 and, if relevant, section 850A in relation to B for the relevant period of account (whether or not B is chargeable to income tax) on the assumption that the calculation under section 849 in relation to B produces the profit for the firm mentioned in subsection (1)(a)(i).

(8) “A's deferred profit”—

(a) is any remuneration or other benefits or returns the provision of which to A has been deferred (whether pending the meeting of any conditions (including conditions which may never be met) or otherwise), and

(b) includes A's share (as determined on a just and reasonable basis) of any remuneration or other benefits or returns the provision of which to A and one or more other persons, taken together, has been deferred (whether pending the meeting of any conditions (including conditions which may never be met) or otherwise).

(9) “The relevant tax amount” is the total amount of tax which, apart from this section, would be chargeable in respect of A and B's income as partners in the firm.

(10) “The appropriate notional profit” is the sum of the appropriate notional return on capital and the appropriate notional consideration for services.

(11) “The appropriate notional return on capital” is—

(a) the return which B would receive for the relevant period of account in respect of B's contribution to the firm were the return to be calculated on the basis mentioned in subsection (12), less

(b) any return actually received for the relevant period of account in respect of B's contribution to the firm which is not included in B's profit share.

(12) The return mentioned in subsection (11)(a) is to be calculated on the basis that it is a return which is—

(a) by reference to the time value of an amount of money equal to B's contribution to the firm, and

(b) at a rate which (in all the circumstances) is a commercial rate of interest.

(13) For the purposes of subsections (11) and (12) B's contribution to the firm is amount A determined under section 108 of ITA 2007 (meaning of “contribution to the LLP”).

(14) That section is to be applied—

(a) reading references to the individual as references to B and references to the LLP as references to the firm, and

(b) with the omission of—

(i) subsections (5)(b) and (9), and

(ii) in subsection (6) the words from “but” to the end.

(15) “The appropriate notional consideration for services” is—

(a) the amount which B would receive in consideration for any services provided to the firm by B during the relevant period of account were the consideration to be calculated on the basis mentioned in subsection (16), less

(b) any amount actually received in consideration for any such services which is not included in B's profit share.

(16) The consideration mentioned in subsection (15)(a) is to be calculated on the basis that B is not a partner in the firm and is acting at arm's length from the firm.

(17) Any services, the provision of which involves any partner in the firm in addition to B, are to be ignored for the purposes of subsection (15).

(18) A has the power to enjoy B's profit share if—

(a) A is connected with B by virtue of a provision of section 993 of ITA 2007 (meaning of “connected” persons) other than subsection (4) of that section,

(b) A is a party to arrangements the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, of which is to secure that an amount included in B's profit share—

(i) is charged to corporation tax rather than income tax, or

(ii) is otherwise subject to the provisions of the Corporation Tax Acts rather than the provisions of the Income Tax Acts, or

(c) any of the enjoyment conditions (see subsection (20)) is met in relation to B's profit share or any part of B's profit share.

(19) In subsection (18)(b) “arrangements” includes any agreement, understanding, scheme, transaction or series of transactions (whether or not legally enforceable).

(20) The enjoyment conditions are—

(a) B's profit share, or the part, is in fact so dealt with by any person as to be calculated at some time to enure for the benefit of A, whether in the form of income or not;

(b) the receipt or accrual of B's profit share, or the part, by or to B operates to increase the value to A of any assets held by, or for the benefit of, A;

(c) A receives or is entitled to receive at any time any benefit provided or to be provided (directly or indirectly) out of B's profit share or the part;

(d) A may become entitled to the beneficial enjoyment of B's profit share, or the part, if one or more powers are exercised or successively exercised by any person;

(e) A is able in any manner to control (directly or indirectly) the application of B's profit share or the part.

(21) In subsection (20) references to A include any person connected with A apart from B.

(22) Subsection (23) applies if—

(a) the increase under subsection (4), or any part of it, is allocated by A to the firm itself under section 863I (allocation of profit to AIFM firm), and

(b) B makes a payment to the firm representing any income tax for which the firm is liable by virtue of section 863I in respect of the amount of the increase allocated to it.

(23) For income tax purposes, the payment—

(a) is not to be income of any partner in the firm, and

(b) is not to be taken into account in calculating any profits or losses of B or otherwise deducted from any income of B.

850D

(1) Subsections (4) and (5) apply if—

(a) at a time during a period of account (“the relevant period of account”) in respect of a firm, an individual (“A”) personally performs services for the firm,

(b) if A had been a partner in the firm throughout the relevant period of account, the calculation under section 849 in relation to A for the relevant period of account would have produced a profit for the firm,

(c) a non-individual partner (“B”) in the firm (see subsection (6)) has a share of that profit (“B's profit share”) which is a profit (see subsection (7)),

(d) it is reasonable to suppose that A would have been a partner in the firm at a time during the relevant period of account or any earlier period of account but for the provision contained in section 850C (see also subsections (8) to (10)), and

(e) condition X or Y is met.

(2) Condition X is that it is reasonable to suppose that amounts representing A's deferred profit (see subsection (11)) are included in B's profit share.

(3) Condition Y is that—

(a) B's profit share exceeds the appropriate notional profit (see subsection (12)),

(b) A has the power to enjoy B's profit share (“A's power to enjoy”) (see subsection (13)), and

(4) A is to be treated on the following basis—

(a) A is a partner in the firm throughout the relevant period of account (but not for the purposes of section 863I (allocation of profit to AIFM firm)),

(b) A's share of the firm's profit for the relevant period of account is so much of the amount of B's profit share as, it is reasonable to suppose, is attributable to—

(i) A's deferred profit, or

(ii) A's power to enjoy,

as determined on a just and reasonable basis, and

(c) A's share of the firm's profit is chargeable to income tax under the applicable provisions of the Income Tax Acts for the tax year in which the relevant period of account ends.

But A's share of the firm's profit by virtue of paragraph (b)(ii) is not to exceed the amount of the excess mentioned in subsection (3)(a) after deducting from that amount A's share of the firm's profit (if any) by virtue of paragraph (b)(i).

(5) If B is chargeable to income tax, in applying sections 850 to 850B in relation to B for the relevant period of account, such adjustments are to be made as are just and reasonable to take account of A's share of the firm's profit under subsection (4).

(This subsection does not apply for the purposes of subsection (7) or section 850C(7).)

(6) “Non-individual partner” is to be read in accordance with section 850C(6).

(7) B's profit share is to be determined by applying section 850 and, if relevant, section 850A in relation to B for the relevant period of account (whether or not B is chargeable to income tax) on the assumption that the calculation under section 849 in relation to B produces the profit for the firm mentioned in subsection (1)(b).

(8) The requirement of subsection (1)(d) is to be assumed to be met if, at a time during the relevant period of account, A is a member of a partnership which is associated with the firm.

(9) A partnership is “associated” with the firm if—

(a) it is a member of the firm, or

(b) it is a member of a partnership which is associated with the firm (whether by virtue of paragraph (a) or this paragraph).

(10) In subsections (8) and (9) “partnership” includes a limited liability partnership whether or not section 863(1) applies in relation to it.

(11) “A's deferred profit” is to be read in accordance with section 850C(8).

(12) Section 850C(10) to (17) applies for the purpose of determining “the appropriate notional profit”; and A is to be treated as a partner in the firm for the purposes of section 850C(17).

(13) Section 850C(18) to (21) applies for the purpose of determining if A has the power to enjoy B's profit share.

850E

(1) Subsection (2) applies in a case in which section 850C(4) or section 850D(4) applies if—

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