Resolução da Assembleia da República n.º 48/2012 — Aprova a Convenção entre a República Portuguesa e a República do Panamá para Evitar a Dupla Tributação e Prevenir a…

1 - Los cánones o regalías procedentes de un Estado Contratante y pagados por un residente del otro Estado Contratante pueden someterse a imposición en ese otro Estado.

2 - No obstante, dichos cánones o regalías también podrán estar sometidos a imposición en el Estado Contratante de donde procedan y de acuerdo con la legislación de ese Estado, pero si el beneficiario efectivo de los cánones o regalías es un residente del otro Estado Contratante, el impuesto así exigido no podrá exceder del 10 % del importe bruto de los cánones o regalías.

3 - El término «cánones o regalías» en el sentido de este artículo significa las cantidades de cualquier clase pagadas por el uso, o la concesión de uso, de derechos de autor sobre obras literarias, artísticas o científicas, incluyendo el software, las películas cinematográficas o películas, cintas y otros medios de reproducción de la imagen y el sonido, de patentes, marcas, dibujos o modelos, planos, fórmulas o procedimientos secretos, o por el uso, o la concesión de uso, de equipos industriales, comerciales o científicos, o por informaciones relativas a experiencias industriales, comerciales o científicas.

4 - Las disposiciones del apartado 1 y 2 no se aplican si el beneficiario efectivo de los cánones o regalías, residente de un Estado Contratante, realiza en el otro Estado Contratante, del que proceden los cánones o regalías, una actividad industrial o comercial por medio de un establecimiento permanente situado en ese otro Estado, o presta servicios a través de una base fija en ese otro Estado, y el derecho o bien por el que se pagan los cánones o regalías está vinculado efectivamente a dicho establecimiento permanente o base fija. En tales casos se aplicarán las disposiciones del artículo 7 o del artículo 14, según proceda.

5 - Los cánones o regalías se considerarán procedentes de un Estado Contratante cuando el deudor sea un residente de ese Estado. Sin embargo, cuando el deudor de los cánones o regalías, sea o no residente de un Estado Contratante, tenga en uno de los Estados Contratantes un establecimiento permanente o base fija en relación al cual se hubiera contraído la obligación de pagar las regalías y que éste asuma la carga de los mismos, dichos cánones o regalías se considerarán procedentes del Estado donde esté situado el establecimiento permanente o base fija.

6 - Cuando, por razón de las relaciones especiales existentes entre el deudor y el beneficiario efectivo de los cánones o regalías, o de las que uno y otro mantengan con terceros, el importe de los cánones o regalías exceda del que habrían convenido el deudor y el beneficiario efectivo en ausencia de tales relaciones, las disposiciones de este artículo no se aplicarán más que a este último importe. En tal caso, el exceso podrá someterse a imposición de acuerdo con la legislación de cada Estado Contratante, teniendo en cuenta las demás disposiciones del presente Convenio.

Artículo 13

Ganancias de capital

1 - Las rentas que un residente de un Estado Contratante obtenga de la enajenación de bienes inmuebles tal como se definen en el artículo 6, situados en el otro Estado Contratante, pueden someterse a imposición en ese otro Estado.

2 - Las rentas derivadas de la enajenación de bienes muebles que formen parte del activo de un establecimiento permanente que una empresa de un Estado Contratante tenga en el otro Estado Contratante, o de bienes muebles que pertenezcan a una base fija que un residente de un Estado Contratante posea en el otro Estado Contratante para la prestación de servicios, comprendidas las rentas derivadas de la enajenación de dicho establecimiento permanente (sólo o con el conjunto de la empresa) o de ducha base fija, pueden someterse a imposición en ese otro Estado.

3 - Las rentas obtenidas por un residente de un Estado Contratante derivadas de la enajenación de buques o aeronaves explotados en tráfico internacional o de bienes muebles afectos a la explotación de tales buques o aeronaves, sólo pueden someterse a imposición en dicho Estado.

4 - Las rentas obtenidas por un residente de un Estado Contratante de la enajenación de acciones o participaciones análogas que representen el capital de una sociedad residente del otro Estado Contratante pueden someterse a imposición en ese otro Estado Contratante si dichas acciones o participaciones análogas representan el 25 % o más del capital de dicha sociedad, pero el impuesto así exigido no podrá superar el 5 % del valor de la enajenación del 10 % del importe neto de la ganancia.

5 - Las rentas obtenidas por un residente de un Estado Contratante de la enajenación de acciones o participaciones análogas cuyo valor se derive en más de un 50 %, directa o indirectamente, de bienes inmuebles situados en el otro Estado Contratante podrán someterse a imposición en ese otro Estado.

6 - Las rentas derivadas de la enajenación de cualquier otro bien distinto de los mencionados en los apartados anteriores sólo pueden someterse a imposición en el Estado Contratante en que resida el enajenante.

Artículo 14

Servicios

1 - Las rentas obtenidas por un residente de un Estado Contratante por servicios prestados en el otro Estado Contratante podrán someterse a imposición en el Estado Contratante mencionado en primer lugar. Sin embargo, dichas rentas pueden someterse también a imposición en el Estado Contratante en el cual se prestan los servicios, siempre que los servicios se traten de servicios profesionales, servicios de consultoría, asesoramiento industrial comercial, servicios técnicos o de gestión u otros servicios similares. No obstante, el impuesto así exigido no podrá exceder del 10 % del importe bruto de dichos pagos cuando el beneficiario efectivo de dichos pagos sea un residente del otro Estado Contratante.

2 - La expresión «servicios profesionales» utilizada en este artículo incluye, las actividades independientes, científicas, literarias, artísticas, de educación o enseñanza, así como también las actividades de médicos, abogados, ingenieros, arquitectos, odontólogos y contadores.

3 - Las disposiciones del apartado 1 no se aplican si quien presta los servicios, siendo residente de un Estado Contratante:

4 - Los ingresos procedentes de servicios mencionados en el apartado 1 se consideran procedentes de un Estado Contratante cuando el deudor sea un residente de ese Estado. Sin embargo, cuando el deudor de los ingresos por estos servicios, sea un residente de un Estado Contratante o no, tenga en un Estado Contratante un establecimiento permanente o una base fija en relación con los cuales la obligación de pagar la renta de estos servicios se haya originado, y dichos ingresos son soportados por el establecimiento permanente o base fija, dichos ingresos se considerarán procedentes del Estado contratante en que esté situado el establecimiento permanente o base fija.

5 - Cuando, por razón de las relaciones especiales existentes entre el prestador de los servicios y el pagador de los mismos, o de las que uno y otro mantengan con terceros, el importe de las rentas por servicios exceda del que habrían convenido el prestador y el pagador en ausencia de tales relaciones, las disposiciones de este artículo no se aplicarán más que a este último importe. En tal caso, el exceso podrá someterse a imposición de acuerdo con la legislación de cada Estado Contratante, teniendo en cuenta las demás disposiciones del presente Convenio.

Artículo 15

Rentas de trabajo dependiente

1 - Sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en los artículos 16, 18 y 19, los sueldos, salarios y otras remuneraciones similares obtenidas por un residente de un Estado Contratante por razón de un empleo sólo pueden someterse a imposición en ese Estado a no ser que el empleo se realice en el otro Estado Contratante. Si el empleo se realiza de esa forma, las remuneraciones derivadas del mismo pueden someterse a imposición en ese otro Estado.

2 - No obstante las disposiciones apartado 1, las remuneraciones obtenidas por un residente de un Estado Contratante por razón de un empleo ejercido en el otro Estado Contratante sólo pueden someterse a imposición en el Estado mencionado en primer lugar, si:

3 - No obstante las disposiciones precedentes de este artículo, las remuneraciones obtenidas por razón de un empleo ejercido a bordo de un buque o aeronave explotado en tráfico internacional, pueden someterse a imposición en el Estado Contratante en que la empresa que opera el buque o aeronave sea residente.

Artículo 16

Participaciones de directores y consejos de administración

Las dietas y otras retribuciones similares que un residente de un Estado Contratante obtenga por su condición de director, miembro del comité ejecutivo, miembro de un consejo de administración o de otro órgano similar de una sociedad residente del otro Estado Contratante pueden someterse a imposición en ese otro Estado.

Artículo 17

Artistas y deportistas

1 - No obstante lo dispuesto en los artículos 7, 14 y 15, las rentas que un residente de un Estado Contratante obtenga del ejercicio de su actividad personal en el otro Estado Contratante en calidad de artista del espectáculo, actor de teatro, cine, radio o televisión, o músico, o como deportista, pueden someterse a imposición en ese otro Estado.

2 - Cuando las rentas derivadas de las actividades realizadas por un artista o deportista personalmente y en esa calidad se atribuyan, no al propio artista o deportista, sino a otra persona, tales rentas pueden someterse a imposición en el Estado Contratante en el que se realicen las actividades del artista o deportista, sin tomar en consideración las disposiciones de los artículos 7, 14 y 15 de este Convenio para tales efectos.

Artículo 18

Pensiones

Sujeto a lo dispuesto en el apartado 2 del artículo 19, las pensiones y remuneraciones análogas pagodas a un residente de un Estado Contratante por razón de un empleo anterior solo pueden someterse a imposición en ese Estado.

Artículo 19

Remuneraciones por función pública

1 - Los sueldos, salarios y otras remuneraciones similares pagadas por un Estado Contratante o por una de sus subdivisiones políticas administrativas o autoridades locales a una persona física por servicios prestados a ese Estado o a esa subdivisión o entidad, sólo pueden someterse a imposición en ese Estado. Sin embargo, dichos sueldos, salarios y remuneraciones similares sólo pueden someterse a imposición en el otro Estado Contratante si los servicios se prestan en ese Estado y la persona física es un residente de ese Estado que:

2 - No obstante lo dispuesto en el apartado 1, las pensiones y otras remuneraciones similares pagadas por o con cargo a fondos creados por un Estado Contratante o una subdivisión política o administrativa o una autoridad local del mismo a una persona física por servicios prestados a ese Estado, subdivisión o autoridad sólo pueden someterse a imposición en ese Estado. Sin embargo, dichas pensiones y otras remuneraciones similares sólo pueden someterse a imposición en el otro Estado Contratante si la persona es un residente y un nacional de ese Estado.

3 - Lo dispuesto en los artículos 15, 16, 17 y 18 se aplica a los sueldos, salarios, pensiones y otras remuneraciones similares, pagados por razón de servicios prestados en el marco de una actividad empresarial realizada por un Estado Contratante o por una de sus subdivisiones políticas o administrativas o autoridades locales.

Artículo 20

Estudiantes

Los pagos que reciba un estudiante o aprendiz de comercio para cubrir sus gastos de mantenimiento y o estudios que sea, o haya sido inmediatamente antes de llegar a un Estado Contratante, residente del otro Estado Contratante y que se encuentre en el primer Estado exclusivamente con fines educativos o de entrenamiento, no podrán someterse a imposición en ese Estado, siempre que dichos pagos procedan de fuentes situadas fuera de ese Estado.

Artículo 21

Otras rentas

1 - Las rentas de un residente de un Estado Contratante, cualquiera que fuese su procedencia, no mencionadas en los anteriores artículos del presente Convenio, se someterán a imposición únicamente en ese Estado.

2 - Lo dispuesto en el apartado 1 no es aplicable a las rentas, distintas de las derivadas de bienes inmuebles en el sentido del apartado 2 del artículo 6, cuando el beneficiario de dichas rentas, residente de un Estado Contratante; realice en el otro Estado Contratante una actividad empresarial por medio de un establecimiento permanente situado en ese otro Estado o preste servicios en ese otro Estado desde una base fija, y el derecho o bien por el que se pagan las rentas esté vinculado efectivamente con dicho establecimiento permanente o base fija. En tal caso, son aplicables las disposiciones del artículo 7 o del artículo 14.

3 - No obstante lo dispuesto en los apartados 1 y 2 de este artículo, las rentas de un residente de un Estado Contratante procedentes del otro Estado Contratante no mencionadas en los anteriores artículos del presente Convenio, pueden someterse también a imposición en ese otro Estado.

CAPÍTULO IV — Métodos para eliminar la doble imposición

Artículo 22

Eliminación de la doble imposición

1 - En Panamá, la doble imposición se eliminará de la siguiente manera:

Cuando un residente de Panamá obtenga rentas que, con arreglo a las disposiciones de este Convenio, puedan someterse a imposición en Portugal, Panamá otorgará una exención sobre dichas rentas.

2 - En Portugal, la doble imposición se eliminará de la siguiente manera:

Cuando un residente de Portugal obtenga rentas que, de conformidad con las disposiciones del presente Convenio, pueden someterse a imposición en Panamá, Portugal permitirá la deducción del impuesto sobre la renta de ese residente por un importe igual al impuesto sobre la renta pagado en Panamá. Dicha deducción no podrá, sin embargo, exceder de la parte del impuesto sobre la renta calculado antes de la deducción, correspondiente a las rentas que pueden someterse a imposición en Panamá.

3 - Cuando, de conformidad con las disposiciones de este Convenio las rentas obtenidas por un residente de un Estado Contratante estén exentas de impuestos en ese Estado, ese Estado podrá, no obstante, tomar en consideración el importe exento del impuesto para calcular el impuesto sobre el resto del ingreso de ese residente.

CAPÍTULO V — Disposiciones especiales

Artículo 23

No discriminación

1 - Los nacionales de un Estado Contratante no estarán sometidos en el otro Estado Contratante a ningún impuesto ni obligación relativa al mismo que no se exijan o que sean más gravosos que aquellos a los que estén o puedan estar sometidos los nacionales de ese otro Estado que se encuentren en las mismas condiciones, en particular con respecto a la residencia. No obstante lo dispuesto en el artículo 1, la presente disposición se aplicará también a las personas que no sean residentes de uno o de ninguno de los Estados Contratantes.

2 - Los establecimientos permanentes que una empresa de un Estado Contratante tenga en el otro Estado Contratante no estarán sometidos a imposición en ese Estado de manera menos favorable que las empresas de ese otro Estado que realicen las mismas actividades. Esta disposición no podrá interpretarse en el sentido de obligar a un Estado Contratante a conceder a los residentes del otro Estado Contratante las deducciones personales, desgravaciones y reducciones impositivas que otorgue a sus propios residentes en consideración a su estado civil o cargas familiares.

3 - A menos que se apliquen las disposiciones del apartado 1 del artículo 9, del apartado 7 del artículo 11, o del apartado 6 del artículo 12, los intereses, cánones o regalías y demás gastos pagados por una empresa de un Estado Contratante a un residente del otro Estado Contratante tendrán el mismo trato fiscal en materia de deducibilidad para determinar los beneficios sujetos a imposición de dicha empresa, que si se hubieran pagado a un residente del Estado mencionado en primer lugar.

4 - Las empresas de un Estado Contratante cuyo capital esté, total o parcialmente, poseído o controlado, directa o indirectamente, por uno o varios residentes del otro Estado Contratante, no se someterán en el Estado mencionado en primer lugar a ningún impuesto u obligación relativa al mismo que no se exijan o que sean más gravosos que aquellos a los que estén o puedan estar sometidas otras empresas similares del Estado mencionado en primer lugar.

5 - No obstante lo dispuesto en el artículo 2, las disposiciones del presente artículo se aplican a todos los impuestos cualquiera que sea su naturaleza, o denominación.

Artículo 24

Procedimiento amistoso

1 - Cuando una persona considere que las medidas adoptadas por uno o por ambos Estados Contratantes implican o pueden implicar para ella una imposición que no esté conforme con las disposiciones del presente Convenio, con independencia de los recursos previstos por el derecho interno de esos Estados, podrá someter su caso a la autoridad competente del Estado Contratante del que sea residente o, si fuera aplicable el apartado 1 del artículo 23, a la del Estado Contratante del que sea nacional. El caso deberá plantearse dentro de los tres años siguientes a la primera notificación de la medida que implique una imposición no conforme a las disposiciones del Convenio.

2 - La autoridad competente, si la reclamación le parece fundada y si no puede por si misma llegar a una solución satisfactoria, hará lo posible por resolver la cuestión mediante un acuerdo amistoso con la autoridad competente del otro Estado Contratante, a fin de evitar una imposición que no se ajuste a este Convenio. Cualquier acuerdo alcanzado se aplicará independientemente de los plazos en el derecho interno de los Estados Contratantes.

3 - Las autoridades competentes de los Estados Contratantes harán lo posible por resolver las dificultades o las dudas que plantee la interpretación o aplicación del Convenio mediante un acuerdo amistoso. También podrán ponerse de acuerdo para tratar de evitar la doble imposición en los casos no previstos en el Convenio. También se consultarán mutuamente para la eliminación de la doble imposición en los casos no previstos en el Convenio.

4 - Las autoridades competentes de los Estados Contratantes podrán comunicarse directamente entre sí, o a través de una comisión conjunta conformada por ellos mismos o por sus representantes a fin de llegar a un acuerdo en el sentido de los apartados anteriores.

Artículo 25

Intercambio de información

1 - Las autoridades competentes de los Estados Contratantes intercambiarán la información que sea previsiblemente pertinente para aplicar lo dispuesto en el presente Convenio, o para la administración o la aplicación del derecho interno relativo a los impuestos de toda naturaleza o denominación exigibles por los Estados Contratantes, sus subdivisiones políticas o administrativas o autoridades locales, en la medida en que la imposición así exigida no sea contraria al Convenio. El intercambio de información no está limitado por los artículos 1 y 2.

2 - La información recibida por un Estado Contratante en virtud del apartado 1 será mantenida secreta de la misma forma que la información obtenida en virtud del derecho interno de este Estado y sólo se comunicará a las personas o autoridades (incluidos los tribunales y órganos administrativos) encargadas de la evaluación o recaudación, la ejecución o reclamación en relación con la resolución de los recursos en relación con los impuestos contemplados en el apartado 1, o la supervisión de los anteriores. Estas personas o autoridades sólo utilizarán esta información para dichos fines. Podrán revelar la información en las audiencias públicas de los tribunales o en las sentencias judiciales.

3 - En ningún caso las disposiciones de los párrafos 1 y 2 pueden interpretarse en el sentido de obligar a un Estado Contratante a:

4 - Si un Estado Contratante solicita información conforme al presente artículo, el otro Estado Contratante utilizará las medidas para recabar información de que disponga su legislación con el fin de obtener la información solicitada, aún cuando ese otro Estado pueda no necesitar dicha información para sus propios fines tributarios. La obligación precedente está limitada por lo dispuesto en el apartado 3 siempre y cuando este apartado no sea interpretado para impedir a un Estado Contratante proporcionar información exclusivamente por la ausencia de interés nacional en la misma.

5 - En ningún caso las disposiciones del apartado 3 se interpretarán en el sentido de permitir a un Estado Contratante negarse a proporcionar información únicamente porque esta se encuentre en poder de bancos, otras instituciones financieras, o de cualquier persona que actúe en calidad representativa o fiduciaria o porque esté relacionada con derechos de propiedad o la participación en una persona.

Artículo 26

Miembros de misiones diplomáticas y oficinas consulares

Las disposiciones del presente Convenio no afectarán a los privilegios fiscales de que disfruten los miembros de las misiones diplomáticas o de las oficinas consulares de acuerdo con los principios generales del derecho Internacional o en virtud de las disposiciones de acuerdos especiales.

Artículo 27

Derecho a los beneficios del Convenio

1 - Se entiende que las disposiciones del presente Convenio no deberán interpretarse de manera que se evite la aplicación por un Estado contratante de las disposiciones contra la evasión prevista en su legislación interna.

2 - Se entiende que los beneficios previstos en este Convenio no podrán ser concedidos a un residente de un Estado contratante que no sea el beneficiario efectivo de los ingresos procedentes de otro Estado.

3 - Las disposiciones del presente Convenio no se aplicarán si el principal propósito o uno de los principales propósitos de cualquier persona interesada en la creación o cesión de la propiedad o derecho respecto de los cuales se pagan las rentas sea para tomar ventaja de estas disposiciones por medio de dicha creación o asignación.

CAPÍTULO VI — Disposiciones finales

Artículo 28

Entrada en vigor

1 - El presente Convenio entrará en vigor treinta días después de la fecha de recepción por escrito de la última de las notificaciones a través de los canales diplomáticos, comunicando el cumplimiento de los procedimientos internos de cada Estado Contratante requeridos para tal fin.

2 - Las disposiciones de este Convenio surtirán efecto:

Artículo 29

Duración y denuncia

1 - Tras la expiración de un período inicial de cinco años, este Convenio continuará en vigor por un período de tiempo ilimitado.

2 - Tras la expiración del período inicial de cinco años, cualquier Estado Contratante podrá denunciar este Convenio mediante notificación por escrito por vía diplomática, antes del primer día de julio del año calendario en curso.

3 - En caso de denuncia, el presente Convenio dejará de surtir efecto:

En fe de lo cual, los signatarios, debidamente autorizados al efecto, han firmado el presente Convenio

Hecho en la ciudad de Panamá, el día 27 de agosto de 2010, por duplicado en las lenguas portuguesa, española e inglesa, siendo los tres textos igualmente auténticos. En caso de divergencia en la interpretación de los textos de este Convenio prevalecerá el redactado en lengua inglesa.

Por la República Portuguesa:

Sérgio Tavares Vasques, Secretario de Estado de Asuntos Fiscales.

Por la República de Panamá:

Juan Carlos Varela, Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores.

PROTOCOLO AL CONVENIO ENTRE LA REPÚBLICA PORTUGUESA Y LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ PARA EVITAR LA DOBLE IMPOSICIÓN Y PREVENIR LA EVASIÓN FISCAL EN MATERIA DE IMPUESTOS SOBRE LA RENTA.

A la firma del Convenio entre la República Portuguesa y la República de Panamá para Evitar la Doble Imposición y Prevenir la Evasión Fiscal en material de Impuestos Sobre la Renta (en adelante denominado «el Convenio») los firmantes han acordado que las siguientes disposiciones formen parte integral del Convenio:

Las autoridades competentes de los Estados Contratantes mediante procedimiento amistoso establecerán el modo de aplicación del Convenio.

A los efectos de determinar la duración de las actividades referidas en el apartado 3, el período de duración de las actividades desarrolladas en un Estado Contratante por una empresa asociada con otra empresa, se añadirá al período durante el cual la empresa con la que está asociada desarrolla la actividad si las actividades de ambas empresas son idénticas o sustancialmente similares y se desarrollan en relación a un mismo proyecto o a un proyecto relacionado. A los efecto de este aparatado, se considerará que una empresa está asociada con otra si una de ellas controla directa o indirectamente a la otra, o si una tercera persona o personas controla a ambas directa o indirectamente.

Cuando la propiedad de acciones, participación u otros derechos en una sociedad o cualquier otra persona jurídica atribuye directa o indirectamente a un residente de un Estado Contratante el derecho a utilizar bienes inmuebles situados en el otro Estado Contratante que dicha sociedad u otra persona jurídica posee en el mismo, los ingresos obtenidos por el titular de las acciones, participaciones u otros derechos, como consecuencia de la utilización directa, arrendamiento, o de cualquier otra forma de propiedad pueden someterse a imposición en el Estado Contratante donde esté situado el bien inmueble, en la misma medida que el propietario de tales derechos estaría sujeto a impuestos si fuese un residente de ese otro Estado. Esta disposición solo será aplicable en la medida que el propietario de las acciones, participaciones o derechos posea al menos 10 %del capital o del poder de voto de esa sociedad o persona jurídica.

Las disposiciones del artículo 6 del Convenio se aplicarán igualmente a los ingresos de bienes muebles o a los ingresos derivados de los servicios relacionados con el uso o derecho de usar bienes inmuebles, cualquiera de los cuales, en virtud de la legislación fiscal del Estado Contratantes en que la propiedad esté situada, sea asimilado a ingresos de bienes inmuebles.

En el caso de Portugal, el término «dividendos» incluirá los ingresos atribuidos conforme a un acuerdo en la participación de beneficios («associação em participação»).

Los pagos con relación a un software entrarán dentro de la definición de «cánones o regalías» cuando menos de los derechos completos sobre el software sean transferidos tanto si los pagos son en consideración por el derecho de utilizar un derecho de autor sobre el software para la explotación comercial (excepto los pagos por el derecho a distribuir copas estandarizadas del software, que no incluyan el derecho de reproducirlo o personalizarlo) o si se refieren al software adquirido para el uso comercial del comprador, cuando, es este último caso, el software no está completamente estandarizado sino de alguna forma está adaptado para el comprador.

Queda entendido que el término «servicios prestados en el otro Estado Contratante» se interpretará en el sentido que los servicios son prestados por una persona física que está presente en ese otro Estado, o por una sociedad, a través de empleados u otro personal contratado para ese propósito que están presentes en ese otro Estado.

Queda igualmente entendido que después de un período de cinco años después de la entrada en vigencia del Convenio, las autoridades competentes de los Estados Contratantes podrán evaluar la efectividad del artículo 14 del Convenio, con miras a enmendarlo si fuese necesario.

(i) el nombre y dirección de la(s) persona(s) bajo auditoria o investigación, y, de estar disponible, otros particulares para facilitar la identificación de las personas, tales como fecha de nacimiento, estado civil, número de identificación fiscal;

(ii) el período de tiempo sobre el cual se solicita la información requerida;

(iii) una descripción detallada de la información solicitada, incluyendo su naturaleza y la forma en que el Estado requirente desea recibirla;

(iv) el propósito por el cual se solicita la información;

(v) el nombre y dirección de cualquier persona sobre la cual se cree que pueda estar en posesión de la información solicitada.

d ) Queda entendido que el artículo 25 del Convenio no obliga a los Estados Contratantes a intercambiar información de forma automática o espontánea.

f ) Los Estados Contratantes deberán cumplir con la guías que regulan la información personal contenida en archives electrónicos de la como quedó establecido en la Resolución de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas A/RES/45/95, adoptada el 14 de Diciembre de 1990.

En fe de lo cual, los signatarios, debidamente autorizados al efecto, han firmado el presente Protocolo.

Hecho en la ciudad de Panamá, el día 27 de agosto de 2010, por duplicado en las lenguas portuguesa, española e inglesa, siendo los tres textos igualmente auténticos. En caso de divergencia en la interpretación de los textos de este Convenio prevalecerá el redactado en lengua inglesa.

Por la República Portuguesa:

Sérgio Tavares Vasques, Secretario de Estado de Asuntos Fiscales.

Por la República de Panamá:

Juan Carlos Varela, Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores.

CONVENTION BETWEEN THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC AND THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME,

The Portuguese Republic and the Republic of Panama, desiring to conclude a Convention for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income, in order to promote and strengthen the economic relations between the two countries, have agreed as follows:

CHAPTER I

Scope of the Convention

Article 1

Persons covered

This Convention shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

Article 2

Taxes covered

1 - This Convention shall apply to taxes on income imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political or administrative subdivisions or local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied.

2 - There shall be regarded as taxes on income all taxes imposed on total income, or on elements of income, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, taxes on the total amounts of wages or salaries paid by enterprises, as well as taxes on capital appreciation.

3 - The existing taxes to which the Convention shall apply are in particular:

the income tax provided in the Código Fiscal, Libro IV, Título I, and its related decrees and regulations.

(hereinafter referred to as «panamanian tax»);

(i) the personal income tax (imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas singulares - IRS);

(ii) the corporate income tax (imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas colectivas - IRC); and

(iii) the local surtax on corporate income tax (derrama);

(hereinafter referred to as «portuguese tax»).

4 - The Convention shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes that are imposed after the date of signature of the Convention in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any significant changes that have been made in their taxation laws.

CHAPTER II

Definitions

ARTICLE 3

General definitions

1 - For the purposes of this Convention, unless the context otherwise requires:

d ) the term «tax» means panamanian tax or portuguese tax, as the context requires;

f ) the term «company» means any body corporate or any entity that is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;

(i) in Panama, the Ministry of Economy and Finance (Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas) or its authorized representative;

(ii) in Portugal: the Minister of Finance, the director general of Taxation (director-geral dos Impostos) or their authorised representative;

(i) any individual possessing the nationality or citizenship of that Contracting State; and

(ii) any legal person, partnership or association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in that Contracting State.

2 - As regards the application of the Convention at any time by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning that it has at that time under the law of that State for the purposes of the taxes to which the Convention applies, any meaning under the applicable tax laws of that State prevailing over a meaning given to the term under other laws of that State.

Article 4

Resident

1 - For the purposes of this Convention, the term «resident of a Contracting State» means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of incorporation, place of management or any other criterion of a similar nature, and also includes that State and any political or administrative subdivision or local authority thereof. This term, however, does not include any person who is liable to tax in that State in respect only of income from sources in that State.

2 - Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows:

d ) if he is a national of both States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.

3 - Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which its place of effective management is situated.

Article 5

Permanent establishment

1 - For the purposes of this Convention, the term «permanent establishment» means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.

2 - The term «permanent establishment» includes especially:

d ) a factory;

f ) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources.

3 - The term «permanent establishment» also encompasses:

4 - Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this article, the term «permanent establishment» shall be deemed not to include:

d ) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise;

f ) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in subparagraphs a) to e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.

5 - Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 where a person, other than an agent of an independent status to whom the provisions of paragraph 6 apply, is acting in a Contracting State on behalf of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the first mentioned State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise if such a person:

6 - An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business. However, when the activities of such an agent are devoted wholly or almost wholly on behalf of that enterprise, and conditions are made or imposed between that enterprise and the agent in their commercial and financial relations which differ from those which would have been made between independent enterprises, he will not be considered an agent of an independent status within the meaning of this paragraph.

7 - Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this article, an insurance enterprise of a Contracting State shall, except in regard to re-insurance, be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State if it collects premiums in the territory of that other State or insures risks situated therein through a person other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 6 applies.

8 - The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.

CHAPTER III

Taxation of income

Article 6

Income from immovable property

1 - Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2 - The term «immovable property» shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources; ships and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.

3 - The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property.

4 - The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of services.

Article 7

Business profits

1 - The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but only so much of them as is attributable to that permanent establishment.

2 - Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.

3 - In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the permanent establishment, including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.

4 - Insofar as it has been customary in a Contracting State to determine the profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the basis of an apportionment of the total profits of the enterprise to its various parts, nothing in paragraph 2 shall preclude that Contracting State from determining the profits to be taxed by such an apportionment as may be customary; the method of apportionment adopted shall, however, be such that the result shall be in accordance with the principles contained in this article.

5 - No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.

6 - For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.

7 - Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other articles of this Convention, then the provisions of those articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this article.

Article 8

Shipping and air transport

1 - Profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in that State.

2 - The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to profits derived from the participation in a «pool», consortium, joint venture or a similar form of association, or in an international organization or agency engaged in international traffic, but only with regard to the share of the profits attributable to each participant proportionally to its participation.

3 - The provisions of this Convention shall not apply with regard to the charges, tolls, duties or similar payments that might be applicable upon crossing the Panama Canal.

Article 9

Associated enterprises

1 - Where:

and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.

2 - Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that State - and taxes accordingly - profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other State and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then that other State, if it agrees that the adjustment made by the first-mentioned State is justified both in principle and as regards the amount, shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Convention and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall, if necessary, consult each other.

Article 10

Dividends

1 - Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2 - However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed:

This paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.

3 - The term «dividends» as used in this article means income from shares, mining shares, founders' shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.

4 - The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein or performs in that other State services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

5 - Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other State, nor subject the company's undistributed profits to a tax on the company's undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State.

6 - Notwithstanding any other provision of this Convention, where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State has a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State, the profits taxable under article 7, paragraph 1, may be subject to an additional tax in that other State, in accordance with its laws, but the additional charge shall not exceed 10 per cent of the amount of those profits.

Article 11

Interest

1 - Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2 - However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the interest is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the interest.

3 - Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in that other State if the beneficial owner of the interest is a Contracting State, any of its political or administrative subdivisions or local authorities, or its Central Bank.

4 - The term «interest» as used in this article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor's profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums or prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures. Penalty charges for late payment shall not be regarded as interest for the purpose of this article.

5 - The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises through a permanent establishment situated therein or performs in that other State services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

6 - Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment is situated.

7 - Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner of the interest or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner of the interest in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.

Article 12

Royalties

1 - Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2 - However, such royalties may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the royalties is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the royalties.

3 - The term «royalties» as used in this article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work including software, cinematograph films, or films or tapes and other means of image or sound reproduction, any patent, trade mark, drawings, designs or models, plans, secret formulas or processes, or for the use of, or the right to use, industrial, commercial, or scientific equipment or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience.

4 - The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

5 - Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or fixed base in connection with which the liability to pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

6 - Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner of the royalties or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner of the royalties in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.

Article 13

Capital gains

1 - Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2 - Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing services, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of such fixed base, may be taxed in that other State.

3 - Gains derived by an enterprise of a Contracting State from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.

4 - Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of shares or comparable interests representing the capital of a company that is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State if such shares or comparable interests represent 25 % or more of the capital of that company, but the tax so charged shall not exceed either 5 % of their alienation value or 10 % of the net amount of such gains.

5 - Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of shares or comparable interests deriving more than 50 % of their value directly or indirectly from immovable property situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

6 - Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in the preceding paragraphs shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.

Article 14

Services

1 - Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State for services rendered in the other Contracting State may be taxed in the first-mentioned State. However, such income may also be taxed in the Contracting State where the services were rendered, to the extent that such services qualify as professional services, consulting services, industrial or commercial advice, technical or management services or similar services, but if the beneficial owner of such income is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged may not exceed 10 % of the gross amount of such income.

2 - The term «professional services» as used in this article include independent scientific, literary, artistic and educational activities, as well as medical, legal, engineering, architectural, dental and accounting activities.

3 - The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply if the service provider, being a resident of a Contracting State:

4 - The income from services mentioned in paragraph 1 shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the income from such services, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the liability to pay the income from such services was incurred, and such income is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such income shall be deemed to arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

5 - Where, by reason of a special relationship between the service provider and the beneficiary of the services or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the services income exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the service provider and the beneficiary of the services in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the services income shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.

Article 15

Income from employment

1 - Subject to the provisions of articles 16, 18 and 19, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State.

2 - Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:

3 - Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this article, remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in international traffic by an enterprise of a Contracting State may be taxed in that Contracting State.

Article 16

Directors' fees

Directors' fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors, executive committee or supervisory board or of another similar organ of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.

Article 17

Artistes and sportspersons

1 - Notwithstanding the provisions of articles 7, 14 and 15, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as a sportsperson, from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.

2 - Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsperson in his capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or sportsperson himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of articles 7, 14 and 15, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or sportsperson are exercised.

Article 18

Pensions

Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 19, pensions and other similar remuneration paid to a resident of a Contracting State in consideration of past employment shall be taxable only in that State.

Article 19

Government service

1 - Salaries, wages and other similar remuneration paid by a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State. However, such salaries, wages and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that State and the individual is a resident of that State who:

2 - Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, pensions and other similar remuneration paid by, or out of funds created by, a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State. However, such pensions and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of, that State.

3 - The provisions of articles 15, 16, 17, and 18 shall apply to salaries, wages, pensions, and other similar remuneration in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof.

Article 20

Students

Payments which a student or business apprentice who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned State solely for the purpose of his education or training receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training shall not be taxed in that State, provided that such payments arise from sources outside that State.

Article 21

Other income

1 - Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing articles of this Convention shall be taxable only in that State.

2 - The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

3 - Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, items of income of a resident of a Contracting State not dealt with in the foregoing articles of this Convention and arising in the other Contracting State may also be taxed in that other State.

CHAPTER IV

Methods for elimination of double taxation

Article 22

Elimination of double taxation

1 - In Panama, double taxation shall be eliminated as follows:

Where a resident of Panama derives income which, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, may be taxed in Portugal, Panama will exempt such income from taxes.

2 - In Portugal, double taxation shall be eliminated as follows:

Where a resident of Portugal derives income which, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, may be taxed in Panama, Portugal shall allow as a deduction from the tax on the income of that resident an amount equal to the income tax paid in Panama. Such deduction shall not, however, exceed that part of the income tax as computed before the deduction is given, which is attributable to the income which may be taxed in Panama.

3 - Where in accordance with any provisions of this Convention income derived by a resident of a Contracting State is exempt from tax in that State, such State may nevertheless, in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income of such resident, take into account the exempted income.

CHAPTER V

Special provisions

Article 23

Non discrimination

1 - Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are or may be subjected. This provision shall, notwithstanding the provisions of article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

2 - The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents.

3 - Except where the provisions of paragraph 1 of article 9, paragraph 7 of article 11, or paragraph 6 of article 12, apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State.

4 - Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected.

5 - The provisions of this Article shall, notwithstanding the provisions of article 2, apply to taxes of every kind and description.

Article 24

Mutual agreement procedure

1 - Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of article 23, to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Convention.

2 - The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the Convention. Any agreement reached shall be implemented notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic law of the Contracting States.

3 - The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Convention. They may also consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in the Convention. They may also consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in the Convention.

4 - The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly, including through a joint commission consisting of themselves or their representatives, for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs.

Article 25

Exchange of information

1 - The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is foreseeably relevant for carrying out the provisions of this Convention or to the administration or enforcement of the domestic laws concerning taxes of every kind and description imposed on behalf of the Contracting States, or of their political or administrative subdivisions or local authorities, insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Convention. The exchange of information is not restricted by articles 1 and 2.

2 - Any information received under paragraph 1 by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic laws of that State and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) concerned with the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, the determination of appeals in relation to the taxes referred to in paragraph 1, or the oversight of the above. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions.

3 - In no case shall the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:

4 - If information is requested by a Contracting State in accordance with this Article, the other Contracting State shall use its information gathering measures to obtain the requested information, even though that other State may not need such information for its own tax purposes. The obligation contained in the preceding sentence is subject to the limitations of paragraph 3 but in no case shall such limitations be construed to permit a Contracting State to decline to supply information solely because it has no domestic interest in such information.

5 - In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 3 be construed to permit a Contracting State to decline to supply information solely because the information is held by a bank, other financial institution, nominee or person acting in an agency or a fiduciary capacity or because it relates to ownership interests in a person.

Article 26

Members of diplomatic missions and consular posts

Nothing in this Convention shall affect the fiscal privileges of members of diplomatic missions or consular posts under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.

Article 27

Entitlement to the benefits of the Convention

1 - It is understood that the provisions of this Convention shall not be interpreted so as to prevent the application by a Contracting State of the anti-avoidance provisions provided for in its domestic law.

2 - It is understood that the benefits foreseen in this Convention shall not be granted to a resident of a Contracting State which is not the beneficial owner of the income derived from the other Contracting State.

3 - The provisions of this Convention shall not apply if it was the main purpose or one of the main purposes of any person concerned with the creation or assignment of the property or right in respect of which the income is paid to take advantage of those provisions by means of such creation or assignment.

CHAPTER VI

Final provisions

Article 28

Entry into force

1 - This Convention shall enter into force thirty days after the date of receipt of the latter of the notifications, in writing through diplomatic channels, conveying the completion of the domestic procedures of each Contracting State required for that purpose.

2 - The provisions of this Convention shall have effect:

Article 29

Duration and termination

1 - Following the expiration of an initial period of five years, this Convention shall remain in force for an unlimited period of time.

2 - Following the expiration of the initial period of five years, either Contracting State may denounce this Convention upon notification, in writing through diplomatic channels, before the first day of July of the current calendar year.

3 - In the event of denunciation, this Convention shall cease to have effect:

In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorized thereto, have signed this Convention.

Done at Panama City, on the 27th of August of 2010, in duplicate, in the portuguese, spanish and english languages, the three texts being equally authentic. In case there is any divergence of interpretation between any of the texts of this Convention, the English text shall prevail.

For the Portuguese Republic:

Sérgio Tavares Vasques, Secretary of State of the Fiscal Affairs.

For the Republic of Panama:

Juan Carlos Varela, Minister of External Relations.

PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION BETWEEN THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC AND THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME.

On signing the Convention between the Republic of Panama and the Portuguese Republic for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income (hereinafter referred to as «the Convention»), the signatories have agreed that the following provisions shall form an integral part of the Convention:

The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of the Convention.

For the purposes of determining the duration of activities under paragraph 3, the period during which activities are carried on in a Contracting State by an enterprise associated with another enterprise shall be added to the period during which the activities are carried out by the enterprise with which it is associated, provided that the activities of the two enterprises are identical or substantially similar and are carried out in connection with the same or a connected site or project. For the purposes of this paragraph, an enterprise shall be deemed to be associated with another enterprise if one is controlled directly or indirectly by the other, or if both are controlled directly or indirectly by a third person or persons.

Whereby the ownership of shares, participations or other rights in a company or any other legal person attributes directly or indirectly to a resident of a Contracting State a right to the use of immovable property situated in the other Contracting State that such company or other legal person possesses therein, the income derived by the owner of the shares, participations or rights, as a result of the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of such property, may be taxed in the Contracting State in which the immovable property is situated, to the same extent to which the owner of such rights would be taxed if he were a resident of that other State. This provision shall only apply to the extent to which the owner of the shares, participations or other rights holds at least 10 percent of the capital or voting power of such company or other legal person.

The provisions of article 6 of the Convention shall also apply to income from movable property, or income derived from services connected with the use or the right to use the immovable property, either of which, under the taxation law of the Contracting State in which the property is situated, is assimilated to income from immovable property.

In the case of Portugal, the term «dividends» shall also include profits attributed under an arrangement for participation in profits («associação em participação»).

Payments in relation to software shall fall within the definition of «royalties» where less than the full rights to the software are transferred either if the payments are in consideration for the right to use a copyright on software for commercial exploitation (except payments for the right to distribute standardised software copies, not comprising the right either to customize nor to reproduce them) or if they relate to software acquired for the business use of the purchaser, when, in this last case, the software is not absolutely standardised but somehow adapted to the purchaser.

It is understood that the term «services rendered in the other Contracting State» shall be interpreted in the sense that the services are performed by an individual who is present in that other Contracting State, or by a company, through employees or other personnel engaged for such purpose who are present in that other State.