Decreto n.º 14/90 — Aprova o Regulamento n.º 43, relativo a prescrições uniformes relativas à homologação do vidro de segurança e dos…

de 24 de Maio

Nos termos da alínea c) do n.º 1 do artigo 200.º da Constituição, o Governo decreta o seguinte:

Artigo único. É aprovado o Regulamento n.º 43, sobre prescrições uniformes relativas à homologação de vidro de segurança e dos materiais para vidros aplicáveis em veículos a motor e seus reboques, anexo ao Acordo Relativo à Adopção de Condições Uniformes de Homologação e ao Reconhecimento Recíproco de Homologação dos Equipamentos e Peças de Veículos a Motor, concluído em Genebra a 20 de Março de 1958 e aprovado para adesão pelo Decreto n.º 138-A/79, de 22 de Dezembro, cujo texto original em inglês e a respectiva tradução para português vão anexos a este diploma.

Visto e aprovado em Conselho de Ministros de 8 de Fevereiro de 1990. - Aníbal António Cavaco Silva - João de Deus Rogado Salvador Pinheiro - Luís Fernando Mira Amaral - João Maria Leitão de Oliveira Martins.

Assinado em 6 de Março de 1990.

Publique-se.

O Presidente da República, MÁRIO SOARES.

Referendado em 9 de Março de 1990.

O Primeiro-Ministro, Aníbal António Cavaco Silva.

Revised and amended version incorporating the 01 (ver nota ) series of amendments as well as supplements no. 02 (ver nota ) and 03 (ver nota *) to the original version of Regulation no. 43 - Uniform Provisions Concernig the Approval of Safety Glazing and Glazing Materials.

(nota *) Amendments requiring no change in the approval number.

REGULATION NO. 43

Uniform provisions concerning the approval of safety glazing and glazing materials

1 - Scope.

1.1 - This Regulation applies to safety glazing and glazing materials intended for installation as windscreens or other panes, or as partitioning, on power-driven vehicles and their trailers, to the exclusion however of glass panes for lighting and light-signalling devices and instrument panels, of special bullet-proof and aggression-resistant glass panes, and of materials other than glass.

This Regulation does not concern the installation of safety glazing and glazing materials on power-driven vehicles and their trailers or double windows.

2 - Definitions.

For the purpose of this Regulation:

2.1 - Toughened-glass pane: means a glass pane consisting of a single layer of glass which has been subjected to special treatment to increase its mechanical strength and to condition its fragmentation after shattering;

2.2 - Laminated-glass pane: means a glass pane consisting of two or more layers of glass held together by one or more interlayers of plastics material. It may be:

2.2.1 - Ordinary: when none of the layers of glass of which it is composed has been treated; or

2.2.2 - Treated: when at least one of the layers of glass of which it is composed has been specially treated to increase its mechanical strength and to condition its fragmentation after shattering;

2.3 - Safety-glass pane faced with plastics material: means a glass pane as defined in 2.1 or 2.2 with a layer of plastics material on its inner face;

2.4 - Glass-plastics pane: means a pane of laminated glass having one layer of glass and one or more layers of plastics material, at least one of which acts as interlayer. The plastics layer(s) shall be on the inner face when the glazing is fitted on the vehicle;

2.5 - Group of windscreens: means a group comprising windscreens of differing sizes and shapes subjected to an examination of their mechanical properties, their mode of fragmentation and their behaviour in environmental-aggression resistance tests.

2.5.1 - Flat windscreen: means a windscreen exhibiting no nominal curvature resulting in a height of segment greater than 10 mm per linear metre;

2.5.2 - Curved windscreen: means a windscreen exhibiting a nominal curvature resulting in a height of segment greater than 10 mm per linear metre.

2.6 - Double window: means an assembley of two glass panes separately installed within the same opening of the vehicle;

2.7 - Double-glazed unit means an assembly of two glass panes permanently assembled in manufacture and separated by a uniform gap.

2.7.1 - Symmetrical/double-glazing: means a double-glazed unit where the two component glass panes are of the same type (toughened, laminated, etc.) and have the same principal and secondary characteristics.

2.7.2 - Asymmetrical double-glazing: means a double-glazed unit where the two component glass panes are of different type (toughened, laminated, etc.) or have different principal and/or secondary characteristics;

2.8 - Principal characteristic: means a characteristic which appreciably modifies the optical and/or mechanical properties of a glass pane in a way not without significance to the function which the glass pane is to perform in a vehicle. This term also covers the trade name or mark;

2.9 - Secondary characteristic: means a characteristic capable of modifying the optical and/or mechanical properties of a glass pane in a way which is of significance to the function which the glass pane is intended to perform in a vehicle. The extent of such modification is assessed in relation to the indices of difficulty;

2.10 - The term indices of difficulty covers a two-stage grading system applying to the variations observed in practice in each secondary characteristic. A change from index «1» to index «2» indicates the need for additional tests;

2.11 - Developed area of a windscreen: means the minimum rectangular area of glass from which a windscreen can be manufactured;

2.12 - Inclination angle of a windscreen: means the angle included between on the one hand a vertical line and on the other hand a straight line passing through the top and bottom edges of the windscreen, both lines being contained in a vertical plane containing the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

2.12.1 - Measurement of the inclination angle shall be performed on a vehicle standing on level ground, and in the case of a passenger-transport vehicle the vehicle shall be in running order, shall be fully charged with fuel, coolant and lubricant, and shall be equipped with tools and the spare wheel or wheels (if they are provided as standard equipment by the vehicle manufacturer); allowance shall be made for the mass of the driver, and also, in the case of a passenger-transport vehicle, for that of one front-seat passenger, the mass of the driver and that of the passenger each being deemed to be 75 kg +/-1 kg.

2.12.2 - Vehicles equipped with hydropneumatic, hydraulic or pneumatic suspension or with a device for automatic adjustment of ground clearance according to load shall be tested in the normal running conditions specified by the manufacturer;

2.13 - Height of segment «h»: the maximum distance, measured at right angles approximately to the glass pane, separating the inner surface of the pane from a plane passing through the ends of the pane (see annex 14, figure 1);

2.14 - Type of glass pane: means glass panes as defined in paragraphs 2.1 to 2.4 not exhibiting any essential differences, with respect, in particular, to the principal and secondary characteristics defined in annexes 4 to 12;

2.14.1 - Although a change in the principal characteristics implies that the product is of a new type, it is recognized that in certain cases a change in shape and dimension does not necessarily require a complete set of tests to be carried out. For certain of the tests prescribed in the individual annexes, glass panes may be grouped if it is evident that they have similar principal characteristics.

2.14.2 - Glass panes exhibiting differences only as regards their secondary characteristics may be deemed to be of the same type; certain tests may however be carried out on samples of such panes in the performance of those tests is explicitely stipulated in the test conditions;

2.15 - Curvature «r»: means the approximate value of the smallest radius of arc of the windscreen as measured in the most curved area.

3 - Application for approval.

3.1 - The application for approval of a type of glass pane shall be submitted by the manufacturer of the safety-glass pane or by his duly accredited representative in the country where the application is made.

3.2 - For each type of safety-glass pane the application shall be accompanied by the undermentioned documents in triplicate and by the following particulars:

3.2.1 - A technical description comprising all principal and secondary characteristics; and

3.2.1.1 - In the case of glass panes other than windscreens, diagrams in a format not exceeding A4 of folded to that format showing:

The maximum area;

The smallest angle between two adjacent sides of the glass pane;

The greatest height of segment, where applicable.

3.2.1.2 - In the case of windscreens:

3.2.1.2.1 - A list of the models of windscreens for which approval is sought, specifying the name of the vehicle manufacturer and the type and category of the vehicle;

3.2.1.2.2 - Drawings on a scale 1:1 for M(índice 1) category and 1:1 or 1:10 for all other categories, and diagrams of the windscreen and its positioning in the vehicle in sufficient detail to show:

3.2.1.2.2.1 - The position of the windscreen relative to the R point of the driver's seat, where applicable;

3.2.1.2.2.2 - The inclination angle of the windscreen;

3.2.1.2.2.3 - The inclination angle of the seat-back;

3.2.1.2.2.4 - The position and size of the zones in which the optical qualities are verified and, where appropriate, the area subjected to differential toughening;

3.2.1.2.2.5 - The developed area of the windscreen.

3.2.1.2.2.6 - The maximum height of segment of the windscreen;

3.2.1.2.2.7 - The curvature of the windscreen (for windscreen-grouping purposes only).

3.2.1.3 - In the case of double-glazed units, diagrams in a format not exceeding A4 or folded to that format, showing, in addition to the information referred to in paragraph 3.2.1.1:

The type of each component glass pane;

The type of sealing (organic, glass to glass/glass to metal);

The nominal width of the gap between the two glass panes.

3.3 - In addition, the applicant for approval shall submit a sufficient number of test pieces and samples of the finished glass panes of the models considered, the number being if necessary determined by agreement with the technical service responsible for conducting the tests.

3.4 - The competent authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of conformity of production before type approval is granted.

4 - Markings.

4.1 - Every safety-glass pane, including the samples and test pieces submitted for approval, shall bear the trade name or mark of the manufacturer. The marking shall be clearly legible and indelible.

5 - Approval.

5.1 - If the samples submitted for approval meet the requirements of paragraphs 6 to 8 of this Regulation, approval of the pertinent type of safety-glass pane shall be granted.

5.2 - An approval number shall be assigned to each type as defined in annexes 5, 7, 11 and 12 or, in the case of windscreens, to each group approved. Its first two digits (at present 00 for the Regulation in its original form) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party may not assign the same number to another type or group of safety-glass panes.

5.3 - Approval, extension of approval or refusal of approval of a type of safety-glass pane pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation, by means of a form conforming to the model in annex 1 - and its appendices - to this Regulation.

5.3.1 - In the case of windscreens, the notice of approval shall be accompanied by a document listing every windscreen model in the approved group, together with the characteristics of the group pursuant to annex 1, appendix 8.

5.4 - There shall be affixed conspicuously to every safety-glass pane and double-glazed unit conforming to a type approved under this Regulation, in addition to the marking prescribed in paragraph 4.1, an international approval mark.

Any specific approval mark assigned to each pane forming a double-glazed unit may also be affixed.

This approval mark shall consist of:

5.4.1 - A circle surrounding the letter «E», followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval (ver nota 1).

5.4.2 - The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter «R», a dash and the approval number to the right of the circle prescribed in paragraph 5.4.1.

5.5 - The following additional symbols shall be affixed near the above approval mark:

5.5.1 - In the case of a windscreen:

I - For toughened glass (I/P if faced) (ver nota 2);

II - For ordinary laminated glass (II/P if faced) (ver nota 2);

III - For treated laminated glass (III/P if faced) (ver nota 2);

IV - For glass-plastics glazing.

5.5.2 - V - In the case of a glass-pane other than a windscreen covered by the provisions of annex 3, paragraph 9.1.4.2;

5.5.3 - VI - In the case of a double-glazed unit;

5.5.4 - VII - In the case of uniformly-toughened glass panes which can be used as windscreens for slowmoving vehicles which, by construction, cannot exceed 30 km/h.

5.6 - The approval mark and symbol shall be clearly legible and be indelible.

5.7 - Annex 2 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of approval marks.

6 - General requirements.

6.1 - All glass, including glass for the manufacture of windscreens, shall be such that, in the event of shattering, the danger of bodily injury is reduced as far as possible. The glass shall be sufficiently resistant to the indicents likely to occur in normal traffic, and to atmospheric and temperature conditions, chemical action, combustion and abrasion.

6.2 - Safety glass shall in addition be sufficiently transparent, shall not cause any noticeable distortions of objects as seen through the windscreen, and shall not give rise to any confusion between the colours used in road-traffic signs and signals. In the event of the windscreen's shattering, the driver must still be able to see the road clearly enough to be able to brake and stop his vehicle safely.

7 - Particular requirements.

All types of safety glass shall, depending on the category to which they bolong, comply with the following particular requirements:

7.1 - As regards toughened-glass windscreens, the requirements contained in annex 4;

7.2 - As regards uniformly-toughened glass panes, the requirements contained in annex 5;

7.3 - As regards ordinary laminated-glass windscreens, the requirements contained in annex 6;

7.4 - As regards ordinary laminated-glass panes other than windscreens, the requirements contained in annex 7;

7.5 - As regards treated laminated-glass windscreens, the requirements contained in annex 8;

7.6 - As regards safety-glass panes faced with plastics material, in addition to the relevant requirements listed above, the requirements contained in annex 9;

7.7 - As regards glass-plastics windscreens, the requirements contained in annex 10;

7.8 - As regards glass-plastics panes other than windscreens, the requirements contained in annex 11;

7.9 - As regards double-glazed units, the requirements contained in annex 12.

8 - Tests.

8.1 - The following tests are prescribed in this Regulation:

8.1.1 - Fragmentation test.

The purpose of this test is:

8.1.1.1 - To verify that the fragments and splinters produced by fracture of the glass pane are such as to minimize the risk of injury; and

8.1.1.2 - In the case of windscreens, to check residual visibility after shattering.

8.1.2 - Mechanical strength test.

8.1.2.1 - Ball-impact test.

There are two forms of tests, one using a 227 g ball and one using a 2,260 g ball.

8.1.2.1.1 - 227 g ball test: the purpose of this test is to assess the adhesion of the interlayer of laminated glass and the mechanical strength of uniformly-toughened glass.

8.1.2.1.2 - 2,260 g ball test: the purpose of this test is to assess ball-penetration resistance of laminated glass.

8.1.2.2 - Headform test.

The purpose of this test is to verify the glass pane's compliance with requirements relating to the limitation of injury in the event of impact of the head against the windscreen, against laminated-glass panes or glass-plastics panes other than windscreens, or against double-glazed units used in side windows.

8.1.3 - Test of resistance to the environment.

8.1.3.1 - Test of resistance to abrasion.

The purpose of this test is to determine whether the resistance of a safety-glass pane to abrasion exceeds a specified value.

8.1.3.2 - Test of resistance to high temperature.

The purpose of this test is to verify that no bubbles or other defects occur in the interlayer in laminated glass or glass-plastics glazing when exposed to high temperatures over an extended period of time.

8.1.3.3 - Resistance-to-radiation test.

The purpose of this test is to determine whether the light transmittance of laminated-glass panes, glass-plastics panes or glass panes faced with plastics material when exposed to radiation over an extended period of time is significantly reduced thereby or whether the glazing is significantly discoloured.

8.1.3.4 - Resistance-to-humidity test.

The purpose of this test is to determine whether laminated-glass panes, glass-plastics panes or glass panes faced with plastics material will withstand, without significant deterioration, the effects of prolonged exposure to atmospheric humidity.

8.1.3.5 - Resistance-to-temperature-changes test.

The purpose of this test is to check that plastics material(s) used in safety glazing as defined in paragraphs 2.3 and 2.4 above will withstand the effects of prolonged exposure to extremes of temperature without significant deterioration.

8.1.4 - Optical qualities.

8.1.4.1 - Light-transmission test.

The purpose of this test is to determine whether the regular transmittance os safety-glass panes exceeds a specified value.

8.1.4.2 - Optical-distortion test.

The purpose of this test is to verify that the distortion of objects as seen through the windscreen is not of such extent as to be likely to confuse the driver.

8.1.4.3 - Secondary-image-separation test.

The purpose of this test is to verify that the angular separation of the secondary image from the primary image does not exceed a specified value.

8.1.4.4 - Identification-of-colours test.

The purpose of this test is to verify that there is no risk of confusion of colours as seen through a windscreen.

8.1.5 - Burning-behaviour (fire-resistance) test.

The purpose of this test is to verify that the inner face of a safety-glass pane as defined in paragraphs 2.3 and 2.4 above has a sufficiently low burn rate.

8.1.6 - Test of resistance to chemicals.

The purpose of this test is to determine that the inner face of a safety-glass pane as defined in paragraphs 2.3 and 2.4 above will withstand the effects of exposure to chemicals likely to be normally present or used within the vehicle (e. g. cleaning compounds) without significant deterioration.

8.2 - Tests prescribed for glass panes of the categories defined in paragraphs 2.1 to 2.4 of this Regulation.

8.2.1 - Safety-glass panes shall be subjected to the tests listed in the following table:

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

8.2.2 - A safety-glass pane shall be approved if it meets all the requirements prescribed in the relevant provisions referred to in the table above.

9 - Modification or extension of approval of a type of safety-glass pane.

9.1 - Every modification of a type of safety-glass pane, or in the case of windscreens every addition of a windscreen to a group, shall be notified to the administrative department which approved the type of safety-glass pane.

The department may then either:

9.1.1 - Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and, in the case of windscreens, that the new type comes within the approved group of windscreens, and that in any case the safety-glass pane still complies with the requeriments; or

9.1.2 - Require a further test report from the technical service responsible for conducting the tests.

9.2 - Communication.

9.2.1 - Confirmation or refusal of approval (or extension of approval) shall be communicated by the procedure specified in paragraph 5.3 above to the Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation.

9.2.2 - The competent authority which has granted an extension of approval shall enter a serial number on each communication of extension.

10 - Conformity of production.

10.1 - Safety glazing approved under this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved by meeting the requeriments set out in paragraphs 6, 7 and 8 above.

10.2 - To verify that the requeriments of paragraph 10.1 above have been met, appropriate checks on production shall be carried out.

10.3 - The holder of the approval shall in particular:

10.3.1 -Ensure that procedures exist for effective quality control of the product;

10.3.2 - Have access to the equipment necessary for checking conformity to each approved type;

10.3.3 - Record data of test results and make the annexed documents (ver nota 3) available for a period to be determined in agreement with the administrative service;

10.3.4 - Analyse the results of each type of test to verify and ensure consistency of the product characteristics, allowing for the variations in industrial production;

10.3.5 - Ensure that for each type of product at least the tests prescribed in annex 17 to this Regulation are carried out;

10.3.6 - Ensure that when any samples or test pieces show non-conformity with the type of test concerned, further samples are taken and tested. All necessary steps shall be taken to re-establish conformity in the production concerned.

10.4 - The competent authority may at any time verify the methods for checking conformity applicable to each production unit (see annex 17 to this Regulation, paragraph 1.3).

10.4.1 - At every inspection, the test data and production records shall be presented to the inspector.

10.4.2 - The inspector may take samples at random to be tested in the manufacturer's laboratory. The minimum number of samples may be determined in the light of the results of the manufacturer's own checks.

10.4.3 - When the quality standard appears unsatisfactory or when it seems necessary to verify the validity of the tests carried out under paragraph 10.4.2, the inspector may select samples to be sent to the technical service which conducted the type approval tests.

10.4.4 - The competent authority may carry out any test prescribed in this Regulation.

10.4.5 - The normal frequency of inspection shall be 2 per year. If unsatisfactory results are found during any of these inspections, the competent authority shall ensure that all necessary steps are taken to reestablish the conformity of production as quickly as possible.

11 - Penalties for non-conformity of production.

11.1 - The approval granted in respect of a type of safety-glass pane pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requeriment laid down in paragraph 10.1 above is not complied with.

11.2 - If a Party to the Agreement which applies this Regulation withdraws an approval it had previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation thereof by means of a copy of the approval form bearing at the end, in large letters, the signed and dated annotation «APPROVAL WITHDRAWN».

12 - Transitional provisions.

12.1 - As from the date of entry into force of supplement no. 3 to this Regulation in its original form, no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse an application for approval under this Regulation as amended by supplement no. 3 to the Regulation in its original form.

12.2 - As from 4th April 1988, the Contracting Parties applying this Regulation may refuse to recognize the approval of safety glazing not bearing the symbols prescribed in paragraph 5.5 of this Regulation.

13 - Production definitely discontinued.

If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of safety-glass pane approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall inform thereof the authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevant communication, that authority shall inform the other Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation thereof by means of a copy of the approval form bearing at the end, in large letters, the signed and dated annotation «PRODUCTION DISCONTINUED».

14 - Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of administrative departments.

The Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation shall communicate to the United Nations Secretariat the names and addresses of the technical services responsible for conducting approval tests and of the administrative departments which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval, issued in other countries, are to be sent.

ANNEX 1

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

Approval no. ... Extension no. ...

1 - Class of safety-glass pane: ...

2 - Description of the glass pane: please refer to appendix 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (ver nota 1) and, in the case of windscreens, the list conforming to appendix 8.

3 - Trade name or mark: ...

4 - Manufacturer's name and address: ...

5 - If applicable, name and address of manufacturer's repressentative: ...

6 - Submitted for approval on: ...

7 - Technical service responsible for conducting approval tests: ...

8 - Date of report issued by that service: ...

9 - No. of report issued by that service: ...

10 - Approval is granted/refused/extended/withdraw (ver nota 1).

11 - Reason(s) for extension of approval: ...

12 - Remarks: ...

13 - Place: ...

14 - Date: ...

15 - Signature: ...

16 - The list of documents filed with the administrative service which has granted approval and available on request is annexed to this communication.

(nota 1) Strike out what does not apply.

(nota 2) Name of Administration.

APPENDIX 1

Toughened-glass windscreens

Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in annex 4 or annex 9 to Regulation no. 43

Approval no. ... Extension no. ...

Principal characteristics:

Shape category: ...

Thickness category: ...

Nominal thickness of the windscreen: ...

Nature and type of plastics coating(s): ...

Thickness of plastics coating(s): ...

Secondary characteristics:

Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass): ...

Colouring of glass: ...

Colouring of plastics coating(s): ...

Conductors incorporated (yes/no): ...

Anti-glare strips incorporated (yes/no): ...

Remarks: ...

Documents attached: list of windscreens (see appendix 8).

APPENDIX 2

Uniformly-toughened glass panes

Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in annex 5 or annex 9 to Regulation no. 43

Approval no. ... Extension no. ...

Principal characteristics:

Other than windscreens (yes/no): ...

Windscreen(s) for slow moving vehicles: ...

Shape category: ...

Nature of toughening process: ...

Thickness category: ...

Nature and type of plastic coating(s): ...

Secondary characteristics:

Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass): ...

Colouring of glass: ...

Colouring of plastics coating(s): ...

Conductors incorporated (yes/no): ...

Anti-glare strips incorporated (yes/no): ...

Approved criteria:

Greatest area (flat glass): ...

Smallest angle: ...

Greatest developed area (curved glass): ...

Greatest height of segment: ...

Remarks: ...

Documents attached: list of windscreens (if applicable) (see appendix 8).

APPENDIX 3

Laminated-glass windscreens

Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in annexes 6, 8 or 9 to Regulation no. 43

Approval no. ... Extension no. ...

Principal characteristics:

Number of layers of glass: ...

Number of layers of interlayer: ...

Nominal thickness of the windscreen: ...

Nominal thickness of interlayer(s): ...

Special treatment of glass: ...

Nature and type of interlayer(s): ...

Nature and type of plastics coating(s): ...

Secondary characteristics:

Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass): ...

Colouring of glass (colourless/tinted): ...

Colouring of plastics coating(s): ...

Conductors incorporated (yes/no): ...

Anti-glare strips incorporated (yes/no): ...

Remarks: ...

Documents attached: list of windscreens (see appendix 8).

APPENDIX 4

Laminated-glass panes other than windscreens

Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in annex 7 or annex 9 to Regulation no. 43

Approval no. ... Extension no. ...

Principal characteristics:

Number of layers of glass: ...

Number of layers of interlayer: ...

Thickness category: ...

Nominal thickness of interlayer(s): ...

Special treatment of glass: ...

Nature and type of interlayer(s): ...

Nature and type of plastics coating(s): ...

Thickness of plastics coating(s): ...

Secondary characteristics:

Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass): ...

Colouring of interlayer (total/partial): ...

Colouring of glass: ...

Colouring of plastics coating(s): ...

Conductors incorporated (yes/no): ...

Anti-glare strips incorporated (yes/no): ...

Remarks: ...

APPENDIX 5

Glass-plastics windscreens

Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in annex 10 to Regulation no. 43

Approval no. ... Extension no. ...

Principal characteristics:

Shape category: ...

Number of layers of plastics: ...

Nominal thickness of glass: ...

Treatment of the glass (yes/no): ...

Nominal thickness of the windscreen: ...

Nominal thickness of the layer(s) of plastics acting as interlayer: ...

Nature and type of layer(s) of plastics acting as interlayer: ...

Nature and type of the outer layer of plastics: ...

Secondary characteristics:

Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass): ...

Colouring of glass: ...

Colouring of the layer(s) of plastics (total/partial): ...

Conductors incorporated (yes/no): ...

Anti-glare strips incorporated (yes/no): ...

Remarks: ...

Documents attached: list of windscreens (see appendix 8).

APPENDIX 6

Glass-plastics panes other than windscreens

Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in annex 11 to Regulation no. 43

Approval no. ... Extension no. ...

Principal characteristics:

Number of layers of plastics: ...

Thickness of glass component: ...

Treatment of the glass component (yes/no): ...

Nominal thickness of the pane: ...

Nominal thickness of the layer(s) of plastics acting as interlayer: ...

Nature and type of layer(s) of plastics acting as interlayer: ...

Nature and type of the outer layer of plastics: ...

Secondary characteristics:

Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass): ...

Colouring of glass (colourless/tinted): ...

Colouring of the layer(s) of plastics (total/partial): ...

Conductors incorporated (yes/no): ...

Anti-glare strips incorporated (yes/no): ...

Remarks: ...

APPENDIX 7

Double-glazed units

Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in annex 12 to Regulation no. 43

Approval no. ... Extension no. ...

Principal characteristics:

Composition of double-glazed units (symmetrical/asymmetrical): ...

Nominal thickness of the gap: ...

Method of assembly: ...

Type of eah glass as defined in annexes 5, 7, 9 or 11: ...

Documents attached:

One form for the two panes of a symmetrical double-glazed unit in accordance with the annex under which the panes have been tested or approved;

One form for each glass pane of an asymmetrical double-glazed unit in accordance with the annexes under which these panes have been tested or approved.

Remarks: ...

APPENDIX 8

Contents of the list of windscreens (ver nota 4)

For each of the windscreens covered by this approval, at least the following particulars shall be provided:

Vehicle manufacturer;

Type of vehicle;

Vehicle category;

Developed area (F);

Height of segment (h);

Curvature (r);

Installation angle (alfa);

Seat-back angle (beta);

R-point coordinates (A, B, C) relative to the centre of the upper edge of the windscreen.

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

ANNEX 2

Arrangements of approval marks

(see paragraph 5.5. of this Regulation)

Toughened-glass windscreens

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

The above approval mark affixed to a toughened-glass windscreen shows that the component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulation no. 43 under approval no. 002439. The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation no. 43 in its original form or as amended by supplements no. 1, 2 and/or 3, as the case may be.

Toughened-glass windscreens faced with plastics material

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

The above approval mark affixed to a toughened-glass windscreen faced with plastics material shows that the component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulation no. 43 under approval no. 002439. The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation no. 43 in its original form as amended by supplements no. 1 and 2 and/or 3, as the case may be.

Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

The above approval mark affixed to an ordinary laminated-glass windscreen shows that the component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulation no. 43 under approval no. 002439. The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation no. 43 in its original form or as amended by supplements no. 1, 2 and/or 3, as the case may be.

Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens faced with plastics material

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

The above approval mark affixed to an ordinary laminated-glass windscreen faced with plastics material shows that the component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulation no. 43 under approval no. 002439. The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation no. 43 in its original form as amended by supplements no. 1 and 2 and/or 3, as the case may be.

Treated laminated-glass windscreens

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

The above approval affixed to a treated laminated-glass windscreen shows that the component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulation no. 43 under approval no. 002439. The approval number indicates that be approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation no. 43 in its original form or as amended by supplements no. 1, 2 and/or 3, as the case may be.

Glass-plastics windscreens

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

The above approval mark affixed to a glass-plastics windscreen shows that the component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulation no. 43 under approval no. 002439. The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation no. 43 in its original form as amended by supplements no. 1 and 2 and/or 3, as the case may be.

Glass panes other than windscreens having a regular light transmittance < 70 per cent

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

The above approval mark affixed to a glass pane other than a windscreen to which the requirements of annex 3, paragraph 9.1.4.2, are applicable shows that the component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulation no. 43 under approval no. 002439. The approval number indicates that be approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation no. 43 in its original form as amended by supplements no. 1 and 2 and/or 3, as the case may be.

Double-glazed units having a regular light transmittance < 70 per cent

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

The above approval mark affixed to a double-glazed unit shows that the component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulation no. 43 under approval no. 002439. The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation no. 43 in its original form as amended by supplements no. 1, 2 and 3.

Uniformity-toughened glass panes to be used as windscreens for slow moving vehicles which by construction cannot exceed 30 km/h

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

The above approval mark affixed to a uniformly-toughened glass pane shows that the component concerned intended to be used as a windscreen on a slow-moving vehicle which, by construction, cannot exceed 30 km/h, has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulation no. 43 under approval no. 002439. The approval number indicates that be approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation no. 43 in its original form as amended by supplements no. 1, 2 and 3.

Glass panes other than windscreens having a regular light transmittance (maior ou igual) 70 per cent

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

The above approval mark affixed to a glass pane other than a windscreen to which the requirements of annex 3, paragraph 9.1.4.1, are applicable shows that the component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulation no. 43 under approval no. 002439. The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation no. 43 in its original form or as amended by supplements no. 1, 2 and/or 3, as the case may be.

ANNEX 3

General test conditions

1 - Fragmentation test.

1.1 - The glass pane to be tested shall not be rigidly secured; it may however be fastened on an identical glass pane by means of adhesive tape applied all round the edge.

1.2 - To obtain fragmentation, a hammer of about 75 g or some other appliance giving equivalent results shall be used. The radius of curvature of the point shall be 0.2 mm +/-0.05 mm.

1.3 - One test shall be carried out at each prescribed point of impact.

1.4 - An examination shall be made of the fragments on photographic contact paper, exposure commencing not more than 10 seconds and terminating not more than three minutes after impact. Only the darkest lines, representing the initial fracture, shall be taken into consideration. The laboratory shall keep photographic reproductions of the fragmentation obtained.

2 - Ball-impact tests.

2.1 - 227 g ball test.

2.1.1 - Apparatus.

2.1.1.1 - Hardened-steel ball with a mass of 227 g +/-2 g and a diameter of approximately 38 mm.

2.1.1.2 - Means for dropping the ball freely from a height to be specified, or means for giving the ball a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. When a device to project the ball is used, the tolerance on velocity shall be +/-1 per cent of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.

2.1.1.3 - Supporting fixture, such as that shown in figure 1, composed of steel frames, with machined borders 15 mm wide, fitting one over the other and faced with rubber gaskets about 3 mm thick and 15 mm wide and of hardness 50 IRHD.

The lower frame rests on a steel box about 150 mm high. The test piece is held in place by the upper frame, the mass of which is about 3 kg. The supporting frame is welded onto a sheet of steel of about 12 mm thick resting on the floor with an interposed sheet of rubber about 3 mm thick and of hardness 50 IRHD.

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

2.1.2 - Test conditions:

Temperature: 20ºC +/-5ºC;

Pressure: 860 mbar to 1,060 mbar;

Relative humidity: 60 +/-20 per cent.

2.1.3 - Test piece.

The test piece shall be a flat square of side 300 mm +10 mm/-0 mm.

2.1.4 - Procedure.

Condition the test piece at the specified temperature for at least four hours immediately preceding the test.

Place the test piece in the fixture (paragraph 2.1.1.3). The plane of the test piece shall be perpendicular, within 3º, to the incident direction of the ball.

The point of impact shall be within 25 mm of the geometric centre of the test piece for a drop height less than or equal to 6 mm, and within 50 mm of the centre of the test piece for a drop height greater than 6 mm.

The ball shall strike that face of the test piece which represents the outside face of the safety-glass pane when mounted on the vehicle.

The ball shall be allowed to make only one impact.

2.2 - 2,260 g ball test.

2.2.1 - Apparatus.

2.2.1.1 - Hardened-steel ball with a mass of 2,260 g +/-20 g and a diameter of approximately 82 mm.

2.2.1.2 - Means for dropping the ball freely from a height to be specified, or means for giving the ball a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. When a device to project the ball is used, the tolerance on velocity shall be +/-1 per cent of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.

2.2.1.3 - The supporting fixture shall be as shown in figure 1 and identical with that described in paragraph 2.1.1.3

2.2.2 - Test conditions:

Temperature: 20ºC +/-5ºC;

Pressure: 860 mbar to 1,060 mbar;

Relative humidity: 60 +/-20 per cent.

2.2.3 - Test piece.

The test piece shall be a flat square of side 300 mm +10 mm/-0 mm, or shall be cut out from the flat-test par of a windscreen or other curved pane of safety glass.

Alternatively, the whole windscreen or other curved pane of safety glass may be tested. In this case care shall be taken to ensure adequate contact between the safety-glass pane and the support.

2.2.4 - Procedure.

Condition the test piece at the specified temperature for at least four hours immediately preceding the test.

Place the test piece in the fixture (paragraph 2.1.1.3). The plane of the test piece shall be perpendicular, within 3º, to the incident direction of the ball.

In the case of glass-plastics glazing the test piece shall be clamped to the support.

The point of impact shall be within 25 mm of the geometric centre of the test piece.

The ball shall strike that face of the test piece which represents the inward face of the safety-glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle.

The ball shall be allowed to make only one impact.

3 - Headform test.

3.1 - Apparatus.

3.1.1 - Headform weight with a spherical or semispherical headform made of laminated hardwood covered with replaceable felt and with or without a cross-beam made of wood. There is a neck-shaped intermediate piece between the spherical part and the cross-beam and a mounting rod on the other side of the cross-beam.

The dimensions shall be in accordance with figure 2.

The total mass of the apparatus shall be 10 kg +/-0.2 kg.

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

3.1.2 - Means for dropping the headform weight freely from a height to be specified, or means for giving the weight a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.

When a device to project the headform weight is used, the tolerance on velocity shall be +/-1 per cent of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by free fall.

3.1.3 - Supporting fixture, as shown in figure 3, for testing flat test pieces. The fixture is composed of two steel frames, with machined borders 50 mm wide, fitting one over the other faced with rubber gaskets about 3 mm thick and 15 mm +/-1 mm wide and of hardness 70 IRHD.

The upper frame is held pressed against the lower frame by at least eight bolts.

3.2 - Test conditions:

Temperature: 20ºC +/-5ºC;

Pressure: 860 mbar to 1,060 mbar;

Relative humidity: 60 +/-20 per cent.

3.3 - Procedure.

3.3.1 - Test on a flat test piece.

The flat test piece, having a length of 1,100 mm +5 mm/-2 mm and a width of 500 mm +5 mm/-2 mm, shall be kept at a constant temperature of 20ºC +/-5ºC for at least four hours immediately preceding the test.

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

Fix the test piece in the supporting frames (paragraph 3.1.3); the torque on the bolts shall ensure that the movement of the test piece during the test will not exceed 2 mm. The plane of the test piece shall be substantially perpendicular to the incident direction of the weight. The weight shall strike the test piece within 40 mm of its geometric centre on that face which represents the inward face of the safety-glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle, and shall be allowed to make only one impact.

The impact surface of the felt cover shall be replaced after 12 tests.

3.3.2 - Tests on a complete windscreen (used only for a drop height of less than or equal to 1.5 m).

Place the windscreen freely on a support with an interposed strip of rubber of hardness 70 IRHD and thickness about 3 mm, the width of contact over the whole perimeter being about 15 mm.

The support shall consists of a rigid piece corresponding to the shape of the windscreen so that the headform weight strikes the internal surface.

If necessary, the windscreen shall be clamped to the support.

The support shall rest on a rigid stand with an interposed sheet of rubber of hardness 70 IRHD and thickness about 3 mm. The surface of the windscreen shall be substantially perpendicular to the incident direction of the headform weight.

The headform weight shall strike the windscreen at a point within 40 mm of its geometric centre on that face which represents the inward face of the safety-glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle, and shall be allowed to make only one impact.

The impact surface of the felt cover shall be replaced after 12 tests.

4 - Test of resistance to abrasion.

4.1 - Apparatus.

4.1.1 - Abrading instrument (ver nota 6), shown diagrammatically in figure 4 and consisting of:

A horizontal turntable, with centre clamp, which revolves counter-clockwise at 65 rev/min to 75 rev/min;

Two weighted parallel arms each carrying a special abrasive wheel freely rotating on a ball-bearing horizontal spindle; each wheel rests on the test specimen under the pressure exerted by a mass of 500 g.

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

The turntable of the abrading instrument shall rotate regularly, substantially in one plane (the deviation from this plane shall not be greater than +/-0.05 mm at a distance of 1.6 mm from the turntable periphery).

The wheels shall be mounted in such a way that when they are in contact with the rotating test piece they rotate in opposite directions so as to exert, twice during each rotation of the test piece, a compressive and abrasive action along curved lines over an annular area of about 30 cm2.

4.1.2 - Abrasive wheels (ver nota 7), each 45 mm to 50 mm in diameter and 12.5 mm thick, composed of a special finely-screened abrasive embedded in a medium-hard rubber. The wheels shall have a hardness of 72 IRDH +/-5 IRHD, as measured at four points equally spaced on the centreline of the abrading surface, the pressure being applied vertically along a diameter of the wheel and the readings being taken 10 seconds after full application of the pressure.

The abrasive wheels shall be prepared for use by very slow rotation against a sheet of flat glass to ensure that their surface is completely even.

4.1.3 - Light source consisting of an incandescent lamp with its filament contained within a parallelepiped measuring 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm x 3 mm. The voltage at the lamp filament shall be such that the colour temperature is 2856 K +/-50K. This voltage shall be stabilized within +/-1/1000. The instrument used to check the voltage shall be of appropriate accuracy.

4.1.4 - Optical system consisting of a lens with a focal lenght f of at least 500 mm and corrected for chromatic aberrations. The full aperture of the lens shall not exceed f/20. The distance between the lens and the light source shall be adjusted in order to obtain a light beam which is substantially parallel. A diaphragm shall be inserted to limit the diameter of the light beam to 7 mm +/-1 mm. This diaphragm shall be situated at a distance of 100 mm +/-50 mm from the lens on the side remote from the light source.

4.1.5 - Equipment for measuring scattered light (see figure 5), consisting of a photoelectric cell with an integrating sphere 200 mm to 250 mm in diameter. The sphere shall be equipped with entrance and exit ports for the light. The entrance por shall be circular and have a diameter at least twice that of the light beam. The exit port of the sphere shall be provided with either a light trap or a reflectance standard, according to the procedure described in paragraph 4.4.3 below. The light trap shall absorb all the light when no test piece is inserted in the light beam.

The axis of the light beam shall pass through the centre of the entrance and exit ports. The diameter b of the light-exit port shall be equal to 2 a . tan 4º, where a is the diameter of the sphere The photoelectric cell shall be mounted in such a way that it cannot be reached by light coming directly from the entrance port or from the reflectance standard.

The surfaces of the interior of the integrating sphere and the reflectance standard shall be of substantially equal reflectance and shall be matt and non-selective.

The output of the photoelectric cell shall be linear within +/-2 per cent over the range of luminous intensities used. The design of the instrument shall be such that there is no galvanometer deflection when the sphere is dark.

The whole apparatus shall be checked at regular intervals by means of calibration standards of defined haze.

If haze measurements are made using equipment or methods differing from those defined above, the results shall be corrected, if necessary, to bring them into agreement with those obtained by the apparatus described above.

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

4.2 - Test conditions:

Temperature: 20ºC +/-5ºC;

Pressure: 860 mbar to 1,060 mbar;

Relative humidity: 60 +/-20 per cent.

4.3 - Test pieces:

The test pieces shall be flat squares of side 100 mm having both surfaces substantially plane and parallel and having a fixing hole 6.4 mm +0.2 mm/-0 mm in diameter drilled in the centre.

4.4 - Procedure:

The abrasion test shall be carried out on that surface of the test piece which represents the outside face of the laminated-glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle and also on the inner face if of plastics material.

4.4.1 - Immediately before and after the abrasion, clean the test pieces in the following:

Any treatment with ultrasonic equipment shall be avoided. After cleaning, the test pieces shall be handled only by their edges and shall he stored to prevent damage to, or contamination of, their surfaces.

4.4.2 - Condition the test pieces for a minimum time of 48 hours at 20ºC +/-5ºC and 60 +/-20 per cent relative humidity.

4.4.3 - Immediately place the test piece against the entrance port of the integrating sphere. The angle between the normal (perpendicular) to the surface of the test piece and the axis of the light beam shall not exceed 8º.

Take four readings as indicated in the following table:

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

Repeat readings for T(índice 1), T(índice 2), T(índice 3) and T(índice 4) with other specified positions of the test piece to determine uniformity.

Calculate the total transmittance T(índice t) = T(índice 2)/T(índice 1).

Calculate de diffuse transmittance T(índice d) as follows:

T(índice d) = [T(índice 4) - T(índice 3) (T(índice 2)/T(índice 1))]/T(índice 1)

Calculate the percentage haze, or light, or both, scattered, as follows:

Haze, or light, or both, scattered = T(índice d)/T(índice t) x 100%

Measure the initial haze of the test piece at a minimum of four equally-spaced points in the unabraded area in accordance with the formula above. Average the results for each test piece. In lieu of the four measurements, an average value may be obtained by rotating the piece uniformly at 3 rev/sec or more.

For each safety-glass pane, carry out three tests with the same load. Use the haze as a measure of the subsurface abrasion, after the test piece has been subjected to the abrasion test.

Measure the light scattered by the abraded track at a minimum of four equally-spaced points along the track in accordance with the formula above. Average the results for each test piece. In lieu of the four measurements, an average value may be obtained by rotating the piece uniformly at 3 rev/sec or more.

4.5 - The abrasion test will be carried out only at the discretion of the laboratory conducting the test with due regard to the information already at its disposal.

Except for glass-plastics materials, changes in the interlayer or material thickness will not normally necessitate further testing.

4.6 - Indices of difficulty of the secondary charateristics.

No secondary characteristics are involved.

5 - Test resistance to high temperature.

5.1 - Procedure.

Heat to 100ºC three samples or three square test pieces of at least 300 mm x 300 mm, which have been cut by the laboratory from three windscreens or three glass panes other than windscreens as the case may be, one edge of which corresponds to the upper edge of the glazing.

Maintain this temperature for a period of two hours, then allow the samples or test pieces to cool to room temperature.

If the safety-glass pane has both external surfaces of inorganic material, the test may be carried out by immersing the sample vertically in boiling water for the specified period of time, care being taken to avoid undue thermal shock.

If samples are cut from windscreens, one edge of each such sample shall be part of an edge of the windscreen.

5.2 - Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics:

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

The other secondary characteristics are not involved.

5.3 - Interpretation of results.

5.3.1 - The test for resistance to high temperature shall be considered to give a positive result if bubbles or other defects are not formed more than 15 mm from an uncut edge or 25 mm from a cut edge of the test piece or sample or more than 10 mm away of any cracks which may occur during the test.

5.3.2 - A set of test pieces or samples submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory from the point of view of the test for resistance to high temperature if either of the following conditions is fulfilled:

5.3.2.1 - All the tests give a satisfactory result; or

5.3.2.2 - One test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests carried out on a new set of test pieces or samples gives satisfactory results.

6 - Resistance-to-radiation test.

6.1 - Test method.

6.1.1 - Apparatus.

6.1.1.1 - Radiation source consisting of a medium-pressure mercury-vapour arc lamp with a tubular quartz bulb of ozone-free type; the bulb axis shall be vertical. The nominal dimensions of the lamp shall be 360 mm in length by 9.5 mm in diameter. The arc length shall be 300 mm +/-4 mm. The lamp shall be operated at 750 W +/-50 W.

Any other source of radiation which produces the same effect as the lamp specified above may be used. To check that the effects of another source are the same, a comparison shall be made by measuring the amount of energy emitted within a wavelength range of 300 to 450 nanometers, all other wavelengths being removed by the use of suitable filters. The alternative source shall then be used with these filters.

In the case of safety-glass panes for which there is no satisfactory correlation between this test and the conditions of use it will be necessary to review the test conditions.

6.1.1.2 - Power-supply transformer and capacitor capable of supplying to the lamp (paragraph 6.1.1.1) a starting peak voltage of 1,100 V minimum and an operating voltage of 500 V +/-50 V.

6.1.1.3 - Device for mounting and rotating the test pieces at 1 rev/min to 5 rev/min about the centrally-located radiation source in order to ensure even exposure.

6.1.2 - Test pieces.

6.1.2.1 - The size of the test pieces shall be 76 mm x 300 mm.

6.1.2.2 - The test pieces shall be cut by the laboratory from the upper part of the glass panes in such a way that:

In the case of glass panes other than windscreens, the upper edge of the test piece coincides with the upper edge of the glass pane;

In the case of windscreens, the upper edge of the test piece coincides with the upper limit of the zone in which regular transmittance shall be measured, determined in accordance with paragraph 9.1.2.2 of this annex.

6.1.3 - Procedure.

Check the regular light transmittance, determined according to paragraphs 9.1.1 to 9.1.2 of this annex, of three test pieces before exposure.

Protect a portion of each test piece from the radiation, and then place the test pieces in the test apparatus 250 mm from and parallel lengthwise to the lamp axis. Maintain the temperature of the test pieces at 45ºC +/-5ºC throughout the test.

That face of each test piece which would constitute a glazed exterior part of the vehicle shall face the lamp. For the type of lamp specified in paragraph 6.1.1.1 the exposure time shall be 100 hours.

After exposure, measure the regular light transmittance again in the exposed area of each test piece.

6.1.4 - Each test piece or sample (total number three pieces) shall be subjected, in accordance with the procedure above, to radiation such that the radiation on each point of the test piece or sample produces on the interlayer used the same effect as that which would be produced by solar radiation of 1,400 W/m2 for 100 hours.

6.2 - Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics:

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

The other secondary characteristics are not involved.

6.3 - Interpretation of results.

6.3.1 - The test for resistance to radiation shall be deemed to have given a positive result if the following conditions are fulfilled:

6.3.1.1 - The total light transmittance, when measured pursuant to paragraphs 9.1.1 and 9.1.2 of this annex, does not fall below 95 per cent of the original value before irratiation and in any event does not fall:

6.3.1.1.1 - Below 70 per cent in the case of glass panes other than windscreens which are required to comply with the specifications regarding the driver's field of view in all directions;

6.3.1.1.2 - Below 75 per cent in the case of windscreens in the zone where regular transmittance is measured, as defined in paragraph 9.1.2.2 below;

6.3.1.2 - The test piece or sample may however show a slight coloration after irradiation when examined against a white background, but no other defect may be apparent.

6.3.2 - A set of test pieces or samples submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory from the point of view of the resistance-to-radiation test if one of the following conditions is fulfilled:

6.3.2.1 - All the tests give a satisfactory result;

6.3.2.2 - One test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests carried out on a new set of test pieces or samples gives satisfactory results.

7 - Resistance-to-humidity test.

7.1 - Procedure.

Keep three samples or three square test pieces of at least 300 mm x 300 mm in a vertical position for two weeks in a closed container in which the temperature is maintained at 50ºC +/-2ºC and the relative humidity 95 +/-4 per cent (ver nota 8).

The test pieces shall be prepared in such a way that:

At least one edge of the test pieces coincides with an original edge of the glass pane;

If several test pieces are tested at the same time, adequate spacing shall be provided between them.

Precautions shall be taken to prevent condensate from the walls or ceiling of the test chamber from falling on the test pieces.

7.2 - Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics:

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

The other secondary characteristics are not involved.

7.3 - Interpretation of results.

7.3.1 - Safety glazing shall be deemed to be satisfactory from the point of view of resistance to humidity if no significant change is observed more than 10 mm from the uncut edges and more than 15 mm from the cut edges after ordinary and treated laminated glass panes have been maintained for 2 hours in the ambient atmosphere, and plastics-faced and glass-plastics panes have been maintained for 48 hours in the ambient atmosphere.

7.3.2 - A set of test pieces or samples submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory from the point of view of the resistance-to-humidity test if one of the following conditions is fulfilled:

7.3.2.1 - All the tests give a satisfactory result;

7.3.2.2 - One test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests carried out on a new set of samples gives satisfactory results.

8 - Test of resistance to temperature changes.

8.1 - Test method.

Two test pieces 300 mm x 300 mm shall be placed in an enclosure at a temperature of - 40ºC +/-5ºC for a period of 6 hours; they shall then be placed in the open air at a temperature of 23ºC +/-2ºC for 1 hour or until temperature equilibrium has been reached by the test pieces. These shall then be placed in circulating air at a temperature of 72ºC +/-2ºC for 3 hours. After being placed again in the open air at 23ºC +/-2ºC and cooled to that temperature, the test pieces shall be examined.

8.2 - Indices of difficulty of secondary characteristics:

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

The other secondary characteristics are not involved.

8.3 - Interpretation of results.

The test for resistance to temperature changes shall be considered to have given a satisfactory result if the test pieces do not show any evidence of cracking, clouding, separation of layers or other apparent deterioration.

9 - Optical qualities.

9.1 - Light transmission test.

9.1.1 - Apparatus.

9.1.1.1 - Light source consisting of an incandescent lamp with its filament contained within a parallelepiped measuring 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm x 3 mm. The voltage at the lamp filament shall be such that the colour temperature is 2856 K +/-50 K. This voltage shall be stabilized within +/-1/1000. The instrument used to check the voltage shall be of appropriate accuracy.

9.1.1.2 - Optical system consisting of a lens with a focal length f of a least 500 mm and corrected for chromatic aberrations. The full aperture of the lens shall not exceed f/20. The distance between the lens and the light source shall be adjusted in order to obtain a light beam which is substantially parallel.

A diaphragm shall be inserted to limit the diameter of the light beam to 7 mm +/-1 mm. This diaphragm shall be situated at a distance of 100 mm +/-50 mm from the lens on the side remote from the light source.

9.1.1.3 - Measuring equipment.

The receiver shall have a relative spectral sensitivity in substantial agreement with the relative spectral luminous efficiency for the ICI (International Commission on Illumination) standard photometric observer for photopic vision. The sensitive surface of the receiver shall be covered with a diffusing medium and shall have at least twice the cross-section of the light beam emitted by the optical system. If an integrating sphere is used, the aperture of the sphere shall have a cross-sectional area at least twice that of the parallel portion of the beam.

The linearity of the receiver and the associated indicating instrument shall be better than 2 per cent of the effective part of the scale.

The receiver shall be centred on the axis of the light beam.

9.1.2 - Procedure.

The sensitivity of the measuring system shall be adjusted in such a way that the instrument indicating the response of the receiver indicates 100 divisions when the safety-glass pane is not inserted in the light path. When no light is falling on the receiver, the instrument shall read zero.

Place the safety-glass pane at a distance from the receiver equal to approximately five times the diameter of the receiver. Insert the safety-glass pane between the diaphragm and the receiver and adjust its orientation in such a way that the angle of incidence of the light beam is equal to 0º +/-5º. The regular transmittance shall be measured on the safety-glass pane, and for every point measured the number of divisions, n, shown on the indicating instrument, shall be read. The regular transmittance T(índice s) is equal to n/100.

9.1.2.1 - In the case of windscreens, alternative test methods may be applied using either a test piece cut from the flattest part of a windscreen or a specially-prepared flat square with material and thickness characteristics identical to those of the actual windscreen, the measurements being taken normal (perpendicular) to the glass pane.

9.1.2.2 - For the windscreens of M(índice 1) vehicles (ver nota 9) the test shall be carried out in zone B defined in annex 15 to this Regulation. For all other vehicles the test shall be carried out in zone I defined in paragraph 9.2.5.2.3 of this annex.

However, for agricultural and forestry tractors and for construction-site vehicles for which it is not possible to determine zone I, the test shall be carried out in zone I as defined in paragraph 9.2.5.3 of this annex.

9.1.3 - Índices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics:

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

The other secondary characteristics are not involved.

9.1.4 - Interpretation of results.

9.1.4.1 - The regular transmittance measured according to paragraph 9.1.2 in the case of windscreens shall not be less than 75 per cent and, in the case of windows other than windscreens, shall not be less than 70 per cent.

9.1.4.2 - In the case of glass panes in places not essential for the driver's vision (e. g. sun roofs) the regular light transmittance of the glass pane may be less than 70 per cent. Glass panes with a regular light transmittance less than 70 per cent shall be appropriately marked.

9.2 - Optical distortion test.

9.2.1 - Scope.

The method specified is a projection method which permits evaluation of the optical distortion of a safety-glass pane.

9 2.1.1 - Definitions.

9.2.1.1.1 - Optical deviation: the angle between the true and the apparent direction of a point viewed through the safety-glass pane, the magnitude of the angle being a function of the angle of incidence of the line of sight, the thickness and inclination of the glass pane, and the radius of curvature at the point of incidence.

9.2.1.1.2 - Optical distortion in a direction M-M': the algebraic difference in angular deviation (Delta alfa) measured between two points M and M' on the surface of the glass pane, the distance between the two points being such that their projections in a plane at right angles to the direction of vision are separated by a given distance (Delta Qui) (see figure 6).

Anti-clockwise deviation should be regarded as positive and clockwise deviation as negative.

9.2.1.1.3 - Optical distortion at a point M: the optical-distortion maximum for all directions M-M (pertence a) from the point M.

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

Notes:

(Delta)(alfa) = (alfa)(índice 1) - (alfa)(índice 2)

(Delta)x = MC i. e. the distance betwen two straight lines parallel to the direction of vision and passing though the points M and M'.

9.2.1.2 - Apparatus.

This method entails the projection of an appropriate slide (raster) onto the display screen through the safety-glass pane being tested. The change caused in the shape of the projected image by the insertion of the safety-glass pane in the line of light provides a measure of the distortion.

The apparatus shall comprise the following items, arranged as shown in figure 9.

9.2.1.2.1 - Projector, of good quality, with a highintensity point light source, having for example the following characteristics:

Focal lenght at least 90 mm;

Aperture approximately 1/2.5;

150-W quartz halogen lamp (if used without a filter);

250-W quartz halogen lamp (if a green filter is used).

The projector is shown schematically in figure 7. A diaphragm of 8 mm in diameter is positioned approximately 10 mm from the front lens.

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

9.2.1.2.2 - Slides (rasters) consisting, for example, of an array of bright circular shapes on a dark background (see figure 8). The slides shall be of sufficiently high quality and contrast to enable measurement to be carried out with an error of less than 5 per cent.

In the absence of the safety-glass pane to be examined, the dimensions of the circular shapes shall be such that when the circular shapes are projected they form an array of circles of diameter

[(R(índice 1) + R(índice 2))/R(índice 1)] x (Delta)x

where (Delta)x = 4 mm (see figures 6 and 9).

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

9.2.1.2.3 - Support stand, preferably one permitting vertical and horizontal scanning, as well as rotation of the safety-glass pane.

9.2.1.2.4 - Checking template for measuring changes in dimensions where a rapid assessment is required. A suitable design is shown in figure 10.

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

9.2.1.3 - Procedure.

9.2.1.3.1 - General.

Mount the safety-glass pane on the suport stand (paragraph 9.2.1.2.3) at the designed rake angle. Project the test image through the area being examined. Rotate the safety-glass pane or move it either horizontally or vertically in order to examine the whole of the specified area.

9.2.1.3.2 - Assessment using a checking template.

When a rapid assessment with a possible margin of error of up to 20 per cent is sufficient, calculate the value of A (see figure 10) from the limit value (Delta) (alfa)(índice L) for the change in deviation and the value of R(índice 2), the distance from the safety-glass pane to the display screen:

A = 0.145 (Delta) (alfa)(índice L) x R(índice 2)

The relationship between the change in diameter of the projected image (Delta)(índice d) and the change in angular deviation (Delta) (alfa) is given by

(Delta)d = 0.29 (Delta) (alfa) x R(índice 2)

Where:

(Delta)d is in millimetres;

A is in millimetres;

(Delta)(alfa)(índice L) is in minutes of arc;

(Delta)(alfa) is in minutes of arc;

R(índice 2) is in metres.

9.2.1.3.3 - Measurement using a photoelectric device.

Where a precise measurement with a possible margin of error of less than 10 per cent of the limit value is required, measure (Delta)d on the projection axis, the value of the spot width being taken at the point where the luminance is 0.5 times the maximum spot-luminance value.

9.2.1.4 - Expression of results.

Evaluate the optical distortion of the safety-glass panes by measuring (Delta)d at any point of the surface and in all directions in order to find (Delta)d max.

9.2.1.5 - Alternative method.

In addition, a strioscopic technique is permitted as an alternative to the projection techniques, provided that the accuracy of the measurements given in paragraphs 9.2.1.3.2 and 9.2.1.3.3 is maintained.

9.2.1.6 - The distance (Delta)x shall be 4 mm.

9.2.1.7 - The windscreen shall be mounted at the same angle of inclination as on the vehicle.

9.2.1.8 - The projection axis in the horizontal plane shall be maintained approximately normal to the trace of the windscreen in that plane.

9.2.2 - The measurements shall be performed:

9.2.2.1 - For vehicle category M(índice 1) in zone A, extended to the median plane of the vehicle, and in the corresponding part of the windscreen symmetrical to it about the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, and also in zone B;

9.2.2.2 - For vehicles of categories M and N other than M(índice 1), in zone I as defined in paragraph 9.2.5.2 of this annex;

9.2.2.3 - For agricultural and forestry tractors and for construction-site vehicles for which it is not possible to determine zone I, in zone I' as defined in paragraph 9.2.5.3 of this annex.

9.2.2.4 - Vehicle type.

The test shall be repeated if the windscreen is to be fitted to a vehicle of a type in which the forward field of vision differs from that of the vehicle type for which the windscreen has already been approved.

9.2.3 - Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics.

9.2.3.1 - Nature of the material:

Polished (plate) glass - 1;

Float glass - 1;

Sheet glass - 2.

9.2.3.2 - Other secondary characteristics.

No other secondary characteristics are involved.

9.2.4 - Number of samples.

Four samples shall be submitted for testing.

9.2.5 - Definitions of zones.

9.2.5.1 - Zones A and B of windscreens for vehicle category M(índice 1) are defined in annex 15 to this Regulation.

9.2.5.2 - Zones of windscreens for vehicles of categories M and N other than M(índice 1) are defined on the basis of:

9.2.5.2.1 - The eye point, which is the point located 625 mm above the point R of the driver's seat in the vertical plane parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle for which the windscreen is intended, passing through the axis of the steering wheel. The eye point is hereunder designated «O»;

9.2.5.2.2 - The line OQ, which is the horizontal straight line passing through the eye point O and perpendicular to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle;

9.2.5.2.3 - Zone I is the windscreen zone determined by the intersection of the windscreen with the four planes defined below:

P(índice 1) - A vertical plane passing through O and forming an angle of 15º to the left of the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle;

P(índice 2) - A vertical plane symmetrical to P(índice 1) about the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle.

If this is not possible (in the absence of a symmetrical median longitudinal plane, for instance) P(índice 2) shall be the plane symmetrical to P(índice 1) about the longitudinal plane of the vehicle passing through point O;

P(índice 3) - A plane passing through the straight line OQ and forming an angle of 10º above the horizontal plane;

P(índice 4) - A plane passing througt the straight line OQ and forming and angle of 8º below the horizontal plane.

9.2.5.3 - For agricultural and forestry tractors and for construction-site vehicles for which it is not possible to determine zone I, zone I' consists in the whole surface of the windscreen.

9.2.6 - Interpretation of results.

A windscreen type shall be considered satisfactory with respect to optical distortion if, in the four samples submitted for testing, optical distortion does not exceed the values given below for each zone:

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

9.2.6.1 - For vehicles of categories M and N, no measurements shall be made in a periphesal area 25 mm wide.

9.2.6.2 - For agricultural and forestry tractors and for construction-site vehicles, no measurements shall be made in a peripheral area 100 mm wide.

9.2.6.3 - In the case of split windscreens, no measurements shall be made in a strip 35 mm from the edge of the pane wich is to be adjacent to the dividing pillar.

9.2.6.4 - A maximum value of 6' of arc is permitted for all portions of zone I or zone A which are less than 100 mm from the edge of the windscreen.

9.2.6.5 - Slight deviations from the requirements may be allowed in zone B provided they are localized and recorded in the report.

9.3 - Secondary-image-separation test.

9.3.1 - Scope.

Two test methods are recognized:

Target test; and

Collimation-telescope test.

This test methods may be used for approval, quality-control or product-evaluation purposes, as appropriate.

9.3.1.1 - Target test.

9.3.1.1.1 - Apparatus.

This method involves viewing an illuminated target through the safety-glass pane. The target may be designed in such a way that the test can be carried out on a simple «go-no go» basis. The target shall preferably be of one of the following types; that is to say, either:

n is the limit value of secondary-image separation;

x is the distance from the safety-glass pane to the target (not less than 7 m);

D is given by the formula D = x. tg n.

The illuminated target consists of a light box, approximately 300 mm x 300 mm x 150 mm, whose front is most conveniently constructed of glass masked with opaque black paper or coated with matt black paint.

The box shall be illuminated by a suitable light source. It may be convenient to use other forms of target, such as that shown in figure 14. It is also acceptable to replace the target system by a projection system and to view the resulting images on a screen.

9.3.1.1.2 - Procedure.

Mount the safety-glass pane at the specified rake angle on a suitable stand in such a way that the observation is carried out in the horizontal plane passing through the centre of the target.

The light box shall be viewed in a dark or semi-dark room, through each part of the area being examined, in order to detect the presence of any secondary image associated with the illuminated target. Rotate the safety-glass pane as necessary to ensure that the correct direction of view is maintained. A monocular may be used for viewing.

9.3.1.1.3 - Expression of results.

Determine whether:

When target a) (see figure 11) is used, the primary and secondary images of the circle separate, i. e., whether the limit value of n is exceeded; or

When target b) (see figure 11) is used, the secondary image of the spot shifts beyond the point of tangency with the inside edge of the circle, i. e., whether the limit value of n is exceeded.

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

9.3.1.2 - Collimation-telescope test.

If necessary, the procedure described in this paragraph shall be applied.

9.3.1.2.1 - Apparatus.

The apparatus comprises a collimator and a telescope and may be set up in accordance with figure 13. However, any equivalent optical system may be used.

9.3.1.2.2 - Procedure.

The collimation telescope forms at infinity the image of a polar co-ordinate system with a bright point at its centre (see figure 14).

In the focal plane of the observation telescope, a small opaque spot with a diameter slightly larger than of the projected bright point is placed on the optical axis, thus obscuring the bright point.

When a test piece which exhibits a secondary image is placed between the telescope and the collimator, a second, less bright point appears at a certain distance from the centre of the polar co-ordinate system. The secondary-image separation can be read out as the distance between the points seen through the observation telescope (see figure 14).

(The distance between the dark spot and the bright point at the centre of the polar co-ordinate system represents the optical deviation.)

9.3.1.2.3 - Expression of results.

The safety-glass pane shall first be examined by a simple scanning technique to establish the area giving the strongest secondary image. That area shall then be examined by the collimation-telescope system at the appropriate angle of incidence. The maximum secondary-image separation shall be measured.

9.3.1.3 - The direction of observation in the horizontal plane shall be maintained approximately normal to the trace of the windscreen in that plane.

9.3.2 - The measurements shall be performed in the zones as defined in paragraph 9.2.2 above according to the vehicle categories.

9.3.2.1 - Vehicle type.

The test shall be repeated if the windscreen is to be fitted to a vehicle of a type in which the forward field of vision differs from that of the vehicle type for which the windscreen has already been approved.

9.3.3 - Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics.

9.3.3.1 - Nature of the material:

Polished (plate) glass - 1;

Float glass - 1;

Sheet glass - 2.

9.3.3.2 - Other secondary characteristics.

No other secondary characteristics are not involved.

9.3.4 - Number of samples.

Four samples shall be submitted for testing.

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

9.3.5 - Interpretation of results.

A windscreen type shall be considered satisfactory with respect to secondary-image separation if, in the four samples submitted for testing, separation of the primary and secondary images does not exceed the values given below for each zone:

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

9.3.5.1 - For vehicles of categories M and N, no measurements shall be made in a peripheral area 25 mm wide.

9.3.5.2 - For agricultural and forestry tractors and for construction-site vehicles, no measurements shall be made in a peripheral area 100 mm wide.

9.3.5.3 - In the case of split windscreens, no measurements shall be made in a strip 35 mm from the edge of the glass pane which is to be adjacent to the dividing pillar.

9.3.5.4 - A maximum valeu of 25' of arc is permitted for all portions of zone I or zone A which are less than 100 mm from the edge of the windscreen.

9.3.5.5 - Slight deviations from the requirements may be allowed in zone B provided they are localized and recorded in the report.

9.4 - Identification-of-colours test.

When a windscreen is tinted in the zones defined in paragraphs 9.2.5.1, 9.2.5.2 or 9.2.5.3, four windscreens shall be tested for identifiability of the following colours:

White;

Selective yellow;

Red;

Green;

Blue;

Amber.

10 - Burning behaviour (fire resistance) test.

10.1 - Purpose and scope of application.

This method enables the horizontal burning rate of materials used in the passenger compartment of motor vehicles [for example, private passenger cars, lorries (trucks), estate cars, motor coaches] after exposure to a small flame to be determined.

This method permits testing of materials and components of a vehicle's interior equipment individually or in combination up to a thickness of 13 mm. It is used to judge the uniformity of production lots of such materials with respect to their burning behaviour.

Because of the many differences between the real-world situation (application and orientation within a vehicle, conditions of use, ignition source, etc.) and the precise test conditions prescribed herein, this method cannot be considered as suitable for evaluation of all true in-vehicle burning characteristics.

10.2 - Definitions.

10.2.1 - Burning rate: the quotient of the burnt distance measured according to this method and the time taken to burn that distance.

It is expressed in millimetres per minute.

10.2.2 - Composite material: a material composed of several layers of similar or different materials intimately held together at their surfaces by cementing, bonding, cladding, welding, etc. When different materials are connected together intermittently (for example, by sewing, high-frequency welding, riveting), then in order to permit the preparation of individual samples in accordance with paragraph 10.5 below such materials shall not be considered as composite materials.

10.2.3 - Exposed side: the side which is facing towards the passenger compartment when the material is mounted in the vehicle.

10.3 - Principle.

A sample is held horizontally in a U-shaped holder and is exposed to the action of a defined low-energy flame for 15 seconds in a combustion chamber, the flame acting on the free end of the sample.

The test determines whether and when the flame is extinguished or the time which the flame requires to proceed over a measured distance.

10.4 - Apparatus.

10.4.1 - Combustion chamber (fig. 15), preferably of stainless steel, having the dimensions given in figure 16.

The front of the chamber contains a flame-resistant observation window, which may cover the entire front and which can be constructed as an access panel.

The bottom of the chamber has vent holes, and the top has a vent slot all around.

The combustion chamber is placed on four feet, 10 mm high. The chamber may have a hole at one end for the introduction of the sample holder containing the sample; in the opposite end, a hole is provided for the gas-supply line. Melted material is caught in a pan (see figure 17) which is placed on the bottom of the chamber between vent holes without covering any vent hole area.

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

10.4.2 - Sample holder, consisting of two U-shaped metal plates or frames of corrosion-proof material. Dimensions are given in figure 18.

The lower plate is equipped with pins and the upper one with corresponding holes, in order to ensure a consistent holding of the sample. The pins also serve as measuring points at the beginning and end of the burning distance.

A support shall be provided in the form of heat-resistant wires 0.25 mm in diameter spanning the frame at 25 mm intervals over the bottom U-shaped frame (see figure 19).

The plane of the lower side of samples shall be 178 mm above the floor plate. The distance of the front edge of the sample holder from end of the chamber shall be 22 mm; the distance of the longitudinal side of the sample holder from the sides of the chamber shall be 50 mm (all inside dimensions) (see figures 15 and 16).

10.4.3 - Gas burner.

The small ignition source is provided by a Bunsen burner having an inside diameter of 9.5 mm. It is so located in the test cabinet that the centre of its nozzle is 19 mm below the centre of the bottom edge of the open end of the sample (see figure 16).

10.4.4 - Test gas.

The gas supplied to the burner shall have a calorific value of about 38 MJ/m3 (for example natural gas).

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1990/05/11901/00020083.pdf))

10.4.5 - Metal comb, at least 110 mm in length, with seven or eight smooth rounded teeth per 25 mm.

10.4.6 - Stop-watch, accurate to 0.5 second.

10.4.7 - Fume cupboard.

The combustion chamber may be placed in a fume-cupboard assembly provided that the latter's internal volume is at least 20 times, but not more than 110 times, greater than the volume of the combustion chamber and provided that no single height, width, or length dimension of the fume cupboard is greater than 2.5 times either of the other two dimensions.

Before the test, the vertical velocity of the air through the fume cupboard shall be measured 100 mm forward of and to the rear of the ultimate site of the combustion chamber. It shall be between 0.10 m/s and 0.30 m/s in order to avoid possible discomfort to the operator from combustion products. It is possible to use a fume cupboard with natural ventilation and an appropriate air velocity.

10.5 - Samples.

10.5.1 - Shape and dimensions.

The shape and dimensions of samples are given in figure 20. The thickness of the sample corresponds to the thickness of the product to be tested. It shall not be more than 13 mm. When sample-taking so permits, the sample shall have a constant section over its entire length.

When the shape and dimensions of a product do not permit taking a sample of the given size, the following minimum dimensions shall be observed:

In this case the potential burning distance corresponds to the length of the sample, the measurement starting at the first measuring point;